WO2011141858A1

WO2011141858A1 - Security document comprising a watermark or pseudo-watermark, a combined image and a visualization screen, and associated processes

Info

Publication number: WO2011141858A1
Application number: PCT/IB2011/052006
Authority: WO
Inventors: Thibaut Le Loarer
Original assignee: Arjowiggins Security
Priority date: 2010-05-12
Filing date: 2011-05-06
Publication date: 2011-11-17
Also published as: FR2960005A1; FR2960005B1

Abstract

The present invention relates to a security document (10) comprising: a first sheet (1) comprising a first watermark or pseudo-watermark (3), and one of a visualization screen (5) or a combined image (4), the combined image (4) comprising at least two overlapped images and being associated with the visualization screen (5), a second sheet, at least one portion of which is movable, in particular detachable, and has a possibility of moving relative to the first sheet (1), said movable portion comprising an at least partially translucent and light-scattering zone (9) and comprising the other of said visualization screen (5) and of said combined image (4), the movement of the movable portion of the second sheet relative to the first (1) making it possible to successively observe the overlapped images by at least partial superposition of the visualization screen (5) and of the combined image (4) and relative movement of one with respect to the other, the superposition, before and/or during the movement of the movable portion of the second sheet, of the first watermark or pseudo-watermark (3) on said at least partially translucent and light-scattering zone (9) making it possible to observe said first watermark or pseudo-watermark (3) only from the side of the first sheet (1).

Description

Security document having a watermark or pseudo-watermark, a combined image and a revelation screen, and related methods

The present invention relates to the field of security documents.

To guard against counterfeiting or falsification of security documents such as means of payment such as banknotes, checks, or official documents, including identification documents such as passports, identity cards, or admission tickets to cultural or sports events or transport tickets, various security means may be used, such as watermarks or pseudo-watermarks, security elements incorporated in the security documents, for example fibers, wires, boards, integrated microcircuits, for example RFID or optical chips, or security means based on retinal persistence to allow the return of a movement, among others.

The Applicant has described in the application WO 2009/053622 a security sheet comprising a first layer with a first watermark or pseudo-watermark and a second layer with a second watermark or pseudo-watermark, the sheet being such that the first watermark or pseudo-watermark the watermark is observable in transmitted light only from the face of the sheet comprising the first layer and the second watermark or pseudofiligrane is only observable in transmitted light from the face of the sheet comprising the second layer.

Applicant's application WO 03/015016 also discloses a method of manufacturing a security article in which a fibrous layer forming on a surface immersed in a dispersion of fibrous material is brought into contact with a chip. by means of an elongated flexible support.

Also known are methods of introducing an electronic chip inside a substrate, a cavity being previously formed in the substrate.

The patent application US 2003/0015866 describes a foldable document, having a first portion and a second portion that can be superimposed on one another by folding the document along a fold line. The first part includes hidden information that is superimposed on a decoding element present on the second part. The hidden information, not directly recognizable by an observer, is decoded by simple superposition with the decoding element. There is a need to provide new security or authentication process against falsification or counterfeit security documents, which are particularly easily observable by the man in the street while having a sufficient level of security.

There is also a need to confer a playful effect on the use of security documents.

The invention thus has, according to one of its aspects, a security document comprising:

a first sheet having a first watermark or pseudo-watermark, and one of a revelation frame or a combined image, the combined image having at least two nested images and being associated with the revelation frame, a second sheet of which at least a part is mobile, in particular removable, and has a possibility of displacement relative to the first sheet, said movable part comprising a zone at least partially translucent and diffusing the light and comprising the other of said revealing frame and said combined image, moving the movable portion of the second sheet relative to the first to successively observe the nested images by at least partial superposition of the revelation frame and the combined image and relative movement of one in relation to each other,

superimposing, before and / or during the displacement of the movable portion of the second sheet, from the first watermark or pseudo-watermark to said at least partially translucent and light-diffusing area making it possible to observe said first watermark or pseudo-watermark only on the side of the first leaf.

By "associated", it should be understood that the revelation frame is advantageously adapted to allow viewing the different nested images of the combined image.

The term "watermark or pseudo-watermark" according to the invention, a drawn image that appears in the thickness of the document, especially in the thickness of the first sheet.

The watermark or pseudo-watermark can be made in the manner described in the application WO 2009/053622. The zone at least partially translucent and diffusing the light is advantageously such that it allows the light to pass through without allowing to observe a watermark or pseudo-watermark when viewing said area on the opposite side to said watermark or pseudo-watermark watermark.

Thanks to the invention, it is possible, for example, to prevent observation of the watermark or pseudo-watermark of the two faces of the security document, or even to prevent a combination of the first watermark or pseudo-watermark with a second watermark or pseudo-watermark. -Filigrane carried for example by a third sheet of the security document, the second sheet being located between the first and third sheets, as described below, in particular because of the interposition of the at least partially translucent and diffusing light area between the first and second watermarks or pseudofiligranes. Without the presence of the second leaf, a combination of the watermarks or pseudo-watermarks of the first and third leaves is possible.

The presence of a revelation frame and a combined image can make it possible to exploit the principle of the decomposition of a movement into a succession of nested images in order to be able to authenticate the security document by the close visualization in time. of these images thus provoking an illusion of movement.

The revelation frame may allow when superimposed at least partially to the combined image to successively observe the nested images, by relative movement of the revelation frame relative to the combined image.

The first and second sheets may or may not be integral with each other. The first and second sheets can in particular be made integral by the use of an adhesive. In this case, the adhesive strength of the adhesive may be sufficiently low not to prevent relative movement of the first and second sheets relative to each other when the user pulls on the second sheet. Advantageously, the first and second sheets are made integral so as to allow relative movement of one with respect to the other, after separation.

The relative movement of the first and second sheets relative to each other can make it possible to observe the nested images by relative movement of the revelation frame with respect to the combined image.

Likewise, the relative movement of the first and second sheets relative to each other may make it possible to observe the first watermark or pseudo-watermark in transmitted light only from the side of the first sheet when the first watermark or pseudo-watermark is superimposed on the at least partially translucent area and diffusing the light of the second sheet, and to observe in transmitted light the first watermark or pseudofiligrane on both sides of the security document when the first watermark or pseudo-watermark is not superimposed on the at least partially translucent area and diffusing light and for example is no longer superimposed on the second sheet.

The security document may include a third sheet having a second watermark or pseudo-watermark, the second sheet being located between the first and third sheets. The third sheet is preferably joined to the first, and the movement of the second sheet can be effected without the first sheet moving relative to the third sheet.

The at least partially translucent and light-diffusing zone may make it possible to observe the second watermark or pseudo-watermark in transmitted light only on the side of the third sheet of the security document, when this zone is superimposed on this second watermark or pseudo-watermark. watermark.

The first and second watermarks or pseudo-watermarks can be at least partially superimposed on one another, especially at the level of the at least partially translucent zone and diffusing the light of the second sheet, before the second sheet is moved . In particular, the first and second watermarks or pseudo-watermarks can be totally superimposed on each other. Alternatively, the first and second watermarks or pseudo-watermarks may not be superimposed on each other, being for example disjoint or contiguous.

The first and second watermarks or pseudo-watermarks can each correspond to a part of the same pattern, for example a text, at least one alphanumeric sign, at least one ideogram, an object, a representation of a person and / or an animal.

The second sheet may comprise an adhesive, especially on its two faces or on one side. In particular, the second sheet may comprise an adhesive on both sides when the document comprises the third sheet, the adhesive being in contact respectively with the first and third sheets, or on its face opposite the first sheet when the document does not does not have a third sheet. Preferably, the adhesive does not cover the moving part comprising the at least partially translucent and light-diffusing zone and comprising the revealing frame or said combined image. In particular, the adhesive may extend over the portion of the second sheet that does not include the at least partially translucent and light diffusing zone.

The adhesive may extend from one edge to the other of the second sheet parallel to and / or transverse to the direction of movement of the movable portion of the second sheet.

The adhesive may be a heat-activatable adhesive, such as a heat-sealable coating or a heat-sealable varnish. Such adhesives are particularly advantageous when they are used in processes operating at high temperatures, especially with drying operations commonly used in the field of paper mills. Examples of adhesives, especially heat-sealable varnishes, include an ultraviolet (UV) crosslinkable agent, an adhesive to be irradiated, a pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA), a varnish with a solvent base, of the polyester type, for example , an adhesive in aqueous phase, etc. As an aqueous phase adhesive, there may be mentioned those known under the following brands: Mowilith DC (aqueous dispersion of vinyl acetate homopolymer with particles of size ranging from 0.3 μιη at 2 μιη and a glass transition temperature Tg of about 38 ° C., and a dry solids content of between 55 and 57%) and Vinamul 3265 from CELANESE; DH9004, DH9017, DH9044 and DL5001 from the company COLLANO; Primal NW1 845, Primal LC40, Primal P308M and Primal EP6000 from ROHM &HAAS; the 006SDW078-2 from BASF.

The second sheet advantageously comprises an electronic device.

The electronic device may include any type of microcircuit. It can be an integrated RFID microcircuit with contactless communication, a microchip with a built-in antenna on a chip, commonly called AOB chip ("Antenna On Board"), a resonant microcircuit, a microcircuit with communication by electromagnetic waves, a transponder, for example a photo-activatable micro-transponder, in particular by a laser beam. Preferably, the electronic device is an AOB chip. The microcircuit is for example programmable or not. The microcircuit can be read only or read / write.

When the electronic device comprises a microcircuit with integrated antenna, the antenna can be wired or other, for example screen-printed.

Preferably, the electronic device is on the moving part of the second sheet.

The electronic device can make it possible to prevent reuse of the second sheet, in particular of the moving part of the second sheet comprising the at least partially translucent and light-diffusing area, once this has been removed from the rest of the security document, this which provides additional security to the security document according to the invention.

The electronic device may include, in particular memorize, an identifier, for example an identification number, which also appears on the security document, for example in a printed form. Thus, any attempt to use the mobile part of the second sheet comprising the electronic device with a security document not having the same identifier as that appearing in the electronic device will be detected.

The electronic device can for example be introduced en masse into the second sheet during its formation. Alternatively, the electronic device can be introduced into a cavity made in the second sheet.

For example, the electronic device can be introduced in the security document according to the method described in WO 03/015016. In particular, the electronic device can be introduced into the second sheet by a method of bringing the electronic device into contact with the forming sheet on a surface immersed in a dispersion of fibrous material by means of a flexible support of elongate shape.

Alternatively, the electronic device can be introduced into the second sheet by means of a pick-and-place tool at a location devoid of a cavity by compressing the sheet so that after this introduction, the electronic device is received. in the second sheet without generating extra thickness.

The introduction of the electronic device can be implemented without the preliminary step of forming a cavity in the sheet intended to receive it and / or without a step of placing the sheet under a laminating press so that the electronic device is held in the sheet without generating excess thickness therein and / or without the step of bringing the electronic device into contact with the forming fibrous layer by means of an elongated support such as a band.

The movable portion of the second sheet may be delimited by pre-cuts, for example in dashed lines, and / or perforations, in particular staggered circular perforations, formed on the second sheet and / or by at least one edge of the second sheet .

The movable portion may be detachable from the remainder of the second sheet. In particular, pre-cuts and / or perforations may make it possible to detach the moving part from the remainder of the second sheet and to make a relative movement of the revealing frame with respect to the combined image.

When the security document comprises three sheets, the first and third sheets may be assembled directly together and the second sheet may be movable wholly or partly with respect to the first and third sheets thus assembled.

Alternatively, the first and third sheets are assembled through a fixed portion of the second sheet, which acts as a spacer between the first and third sheets. In this case, the movable portion of the second sheet may further extend from one edge to the other of the security document, in particular the second sheet, without being secured to the fixed part of the second sheet. In particular, the fixed part of the second sheet may comprise an adhesive, in particular on its two faces, for securing the first sheet and the third sheet, the moving part being in the form of a strip inserted between the fixed parts of the second sheet. In this way, it may be possible to remove and replace the moving part of the second sheet.

The first and / or third sheets may comprise a cut, for example carried out with a punch, to facilitate the gripping of the movable portion of the second sheet.

One of the first and third sheets may have one or more watermarks and the other one or more pseudo-watermarks, or the two sheets may each include one or more watermarks or each one or more pseudo-watermarks.

The second sheet may be monolayer or multilayer. The second sheet may be a polymer layer or comprise one or more polymer layers.

The polymer layer may for example be in the form of a film. The film may be a film with honeycomb structure or not. By way of example, the polymer layer may comprise a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) film, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polycarbonate (PC), polyester carbonate (PEC), polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) or a light-collecting film, for example of the "waveguide" type, for example a luminescent film based on polycarbonate sold by Bayer under the name LISA®.

The second sheet may be a fibrous layer or comprise one or more fibrous layers.

The fibrous layer may for example be based on cellulose fibers, in particular cotton fibers, and / or synthetic fibers such as for example polyamide and / or polyester fibers. In particular, the second sheet may be a translucent tracing paper.

The first sheet and / or the third sheet may be fibrous or polymeric layers.

According to a particular case of the invention, the first sheet and / or the third sheet are fibrous layers, in particular based on cellulose fibers, in particular on cotton fibers, and / or on synthetic fibers such as, for example, staple fibers. polyamide and / or polyester.

According to another particular case of the invention, the first sheet and / or the third sheet are polymer layers, especially as described above. In particular, the first sheet and / or the third sheet may be polymer layers with cavities and / or mineral fillers so as to make them partially opaque. The first and / or third sheets may be coextruded, made from at least one polymeric material, and have a core layer and at least one skin layer, the core layer having voids. The "core layer" corresponds to a base layer further from the surface of the first sheet or third sheet than the "skin layer" which corresponds to a surface layer. The first sheet and / or the third sheet may in particular be made as described in the applications EP 0 470 760 and EP 0 703 071. For example, it is possible to use for the first and / or the third sheet a film based on polyethylene stretched marketed under the name Polyart® by the company ARJOWIGGINS or a silica-filled polyethylene film marketed under the name of Teslin® by the company PPG INDUSTRIES. In this case, the first and third sheets may each comprise a pseudo-watermark, for example made using a laser, by stretching and coating with a printability layer, as described in EP 1 518 661.

The second sheet may be a polymer layer previously extruded or laminated on the first and third sheets, for example extruded hot or cold. As examples, as an extruded polymer, polyethylene or a mixture of polyethylene and ethylene vinyl acetate may be used.

The second sheet may be previously impregnated or coated on the first and third sheets. This sheet may comprise a translucent chemical compound, for example a dispersed polymer originating from an aqueous dispersion polymer (latex), in particular an acrylic polymer, for example a water-soluble polymer, in particular a polyvinyl alcohol or, for example, a foam polymer. polymer, that is to say a composition comprising bubbles of a gas, in particular air.

The diffusing nature of the light of the second sheet can come from the refractive index of the second sheet, its composition, its thickness and / or also its surface irregularities.

In a particular case, the surface irregularities of the second sheet may be obtained by embossing or graining this surface. Surface irregularities can also be obtained by irregularities in the surface which supports the sheet, which is for example the case of a second polymer sheet extruded onto the surface of a first fibrous sheet.

In another particular case, the second sheet is a layer having cavitations conferring a diffusing character, for example bubbles.

According to another particular case of the invention, the second sheet is a layer comprising a diffusing filler chosen in particular from inorganic pigments, in particular kaolin or titanium dioxide, and organic pigments, in particular polystyrene beads or polyurethane. The second sheet may have a thickness different from at least one of the first and third sheets. The second sheet may also have a different width and / or length, especially smaller, of the width and / or length of at least one of the first and third sheets.

The second leaf may extend over the entire surface of the first and third leaves.

According to a particular case of the invention, the second sheet is partial and extends only over a portion of the surface of the first and third sheets. In this case, the second sheet preferably extends over an extent of the first and third leaves sufficient to cover the ligated or pseudo-ligated portions of these sheets.

According to another particular case of the invention, the second sheet extends at a part of the document, preferably from one edge to the other, in an area facing at least one watermark or pseudo-image. watermark, for example to form a band.

According to a particular case of the invention, the second sheet is partial and extends only over part of the surface of at least one of the watermarks or pseudo-watermarks. Thus, part of the watermark or pseudo-watermark is visible only from one side of the document while another part, not covered by the second sheet, is visible on both sides of the transmitted light document.

According to a particular case of the invention, the second sheet comprises one or more security elements, chosen inter alia from:

dyes and / or luminescent pigments and / or interferential pigments and / or liquid crystal pigments, in particular in printed form or incorporated in the second sheet,

dyes and / or photochromic or thermochromic pigments, especially in printed form or incorporated in the second sheet,

an ultraviolet absorber, especially in the form coated or incorporated in the second sheet,

a specific material light collector,

a diffraction structure,

a birefringent or polarizing layer,

an automatically readable tracer with specific and measurable luminescence characteristics (eg fluorescence, phosphorescence), absorption light (eg ultraviolet, visible or infrared), Raman activity, magnetism, microwave interaction, X-ray interaction or electrical conductivity, and any combination of these security elements with each other or with other security elements,

an electronic device, such as an electronic chip for example.

The first and / or third sheets may also include one or more security elements. The security element or elements can for example be chosen from:

dyes and / or luminescent pigments and / or interferential pigments and / or liquid crystal pigments, in particular in printed form or incorporated in the first and / or third sheet,

dyes and / or photochromic or thermochromic pigments, especially in printed form or incorporated in the first and / or second sheet, an ultraviolet absorber, especially in the form coated or incorporated in the first and / or third sheet,

a specific material light collector,

a diffraction structure,

a birefringent or polarizing layer,

an automatically readable tracer with specific and measurable luminescence characteristics (eg fluorescence, phosphorescence), light absorption (eg ultraviolet, visible or infrared), Raman activity, magnetism, microwave interaction , X-ray interaction or electrical conductivity, and any combination of these security elements with each other or with other security elements,

an electronic device, an electronic chip for example.

The security element (s) present in one of the first and third sheets or in each of these first and third sheets may be further selected, among others, from:

a security thread incorporated for example into the mass of one of the sheets or into a window, optionally comprising a positive or negative printed impression, a fluorescent agent providing a metallic, goniochromatic or holographic effect, with or without one or more demetallized parts , a metallized, goniochromatic or holographic foil, a layer with a variable optical effect based on interferential pigments or with liquid crystals,

a flat and relatively small security element such as a board, visible or non-visible, in particular luminescent,

particles or agglomerates of pigment particles or dyes of the HI-LITE type, visible or non-visible, in particular luminescent,

security fibers, in particular metallic, magnetic (with soft magnetism and / or hard), absorbing or excitable with ultraviolet, visible or infrared, and in particular the near infrared (NIR),

infalesification reagents, for example dipyridyl with ferric ions which, when an attempt is made to falsify with a reducing agent, are reduced to ferrous ions and give rise to a red color,

a reagent such as potassium iodate may form a visible mark and colored during an attempted forgery.

According to a particular case of the invention, the first sheet and / or the third sheet are provided with at least one through opening, called "window". In particular, the first and third sheets may each comprise at least one through opening, at least one opening of the first sheet and an opening of the third sheet facing each other, for example at the level of the second sheet, or even the moving part of the second sheet, so as to create a transparent or translucent area in the document. The windows of the first and third sheets are each covered with a transparent or translucent layer, for example plastic material such as a polymer. Each transparent or translucent layer comprises, for example, a combined image and the second sheet then bears, on the face of the side of the combined image, the associated revelation screen, or vice versa. The revelation screen and the associated combined image are arranged on the first and second sheets, or on the third and second sheets, so as to be superimposed during the translational movement and / or rotation of the mobile part.

According to a particular case of the invention, the first sheet and / or the third sheet are tinted, the watermarks or pseudo-watermarks appearing then tinted. By "tinted" you have to understand not white. The first sheet and / or the third sheet may still be iridescent or pearlescent, for example with interferential pigments.

According to a particular case of the invention, the security elements, in particular the watermarks or pseudo-watermarks, of the first and / or third sheet and the security elements of the second sheet are placed at the mark.

According to an exemplary implementation of the invention, the first and / or third fibrous sheet is a paper layer comprising a web face (that is to say the face that was in contact with the fabric of the machine paper on which the paper pulp is deposited) and this canvas face is located towards the inside of the document. This can improve the observation of the watermark or pseudo-watermark because the canvas face is smoother and thus the intensities of the transmitted light are more important. Also preferably the second sheet, when coated, extruded or laminated, is located on the web face of the first and / or third sheet.

Also preferably, the first sheet and the third sheet respectively constitute the front face and the reverse side of the document. These sheets are therefore the outer layers of the document. However, the first sheet and / or the third sheet may be coated with a transparent pigmented layer, such as that described in application WO 02/20902.

According to an exemplary implementation of the invention, the first watermark or pseudo-watermark and the second watermark or pseudo-watermark are different. For example, the first watermark or pseudo-watermark and the second watermark or pseudo-watermark may be complementary. They can be complementary in their visual effect or in relation to a concept or an image. For example, in the case of a security document, the first watermark or pseudo-watermark may have a national emblem and a second watermark or pseudo-watermark on the other side.

According to another example of implementation of the invention, the first watermark or pseudo-watermark and the second watermark or pseudo-watermark are identical, and preferably placed symmetrically. In the case of an authentication, it may be interesting to verify this identity between the watermarks or pseudo-watermarks, for example a character always looking on the same side regardless of the face observed. According to a particular mode of implementation of the invention, the first watermark or pseudo-watermark and the second watermark or pseudo-watermark are at least partially opposite each other.

The combined image, and the nested images that it comprises, can be raster images.

The combined image may correspond to the decomposition of a movement of a pattern, for example text, alphanumeric signs, ideograms, an object, a person and / or an animal. The nested images can represent successive movements of a pattern, for example an object, a person and / or an animal.

The combined image can advantageously be obtained by the juxtaposition of the images each representing a movement of the pattern.

The nested images can represent information hidden and revealed successively by relative movement, in particular by translation and / or rotation of the revelation frame on the combined image.

Preferably, the combined image retains a recognizable aesthetic, in particular so as to also constitute an authentication element.

The revelation frame may allow the human eye to visualize a different nested image at a time, the observer's brain being able to reconstitute, for example, a motion or observe hidden information.

For the purpose of the present invention, the terms "raster image" and "raster" must be given a broad meaning that covers all types of frames or pseudo-frames, comprising a juxtaposition of light areas and dark or differently colored zones, distinguishable from each other, the shape of these areas not being limited to a particular geometry.

For example, the combined image and / or the revelation frame may comprise a set of points and / or parallel or non-parallel lines, whose size and / or the spacing between them are variable or constant, this assembly forming a succession light and dark areas, for example white and black.

The combined image and / or the revealing frame may in particular comprise a set of lines, preferably parallel to one another, of thickness and spacing between them defined. In particular, the lines may have the same thickness and / or the same spacing between them.

The combined image and / or the revelation frame may for example comprise a succession of dark and light lines, for example black and white. The thickness of the dark lines of the combined images may for example be equal to the thickness of the light lines of the revelation frame, and vice versa.

Preferably, the area, in particular the length and / or the width and / or the largest dimension, of the revealing frame may be greater than or equal to the area, in particular the length and / or the width and / or the larger dimension of the combined image. In this way, it is possible to visualize the entire reconstruction of the movement produced by the relative movement between the combined image and the revelation screen.

The revelation screen may have a shape defined by any contour, for example circular, oval, star, polygonal, for example rectangular, square, hexagonal, pentagonal, rhombus, among others.

The combined image and / or the revealing frame may appear in a window of the security document, the window being in particular at least partially transparent.

Examples of embodiments of security windows in security documents are for example described in documents GB 1 552 853 which describes the creation of a window, in particular by means of transparency, laser cutting, abrasion or mechanical incision, EP 0 229 645 which describes the galvano creation of a window on one or both sides of a bijet paper, WO 2004/096482 which describes the creation of a laser cut window, CA 2 471 379 which describes the creation a transparent window and association with a security element and WO 2008/006983 which describes the creation of a transparent window on a bijet paper.

The combined image and / or the revelation screen may be worn on a layer of the security document by a printing process, for example offset, intaglio, laser, gravure or screen printing.

For example, the combined image and / or the revelation screen can be printed with colored or non-colored inks, visible to the naked eye, under ultraviolet (UV) and / or infrared (IR), opaque, fluorescent, translucent , and / or transparent, among others. The combined image and / or the revelation screen may also include metallizations and / or demetallizations, for example aluminum.

Advantageously, metallizations and / or demetallizations can be used in order to avoid counterfeiting by printing.

The combined image and / or the revelation frame may be worn by a patch and / or foil on the security document.

The patch and / or the foil may comprise metallizations and / or demetallizations, for example of aluminum, or any type of printing.

The patch and / or the foil may comprise holographic impressions and / or liquid crystals.

The combined image and / or the revelation frame may appear on an at least partially transparent area of the security document. This zone can be constituted by a translucent tracing paper.

The zone may also be constituted by a polymer layer comprising for example polyethylene (PE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polycarbonate (PC), polyester carbonate (PEC), polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) or a light-collecting film for example of the "waveguide" type, for example a luminescent film based on polycarbonate marketed by Bayer under the name LYSA® .

When using a waveguide film, the combined image or the revelation screen is obtained in particular by laser etching.

The zone may also be transparent by applying a generally oily composition which permanently transmits the area, for example a composition made of oil and transparent mineral material as described in US Pat. No. 2,021,141, or as for example a composition in the form of a wax combined with a solvent as described in US Pat. No. 1,479,437.

The zone can also be made transparent by locally applying a wax by heat transfer, as described in US Pat. No. 5,118,526.

It is also possible to use for the zone a fibrous layer comprising a heat-fusible material, for example polyethylene as described in patent EP 0 203 499, which under the local action of heat will vary in its transparency. The security document may include one or more security elements as defined below.

Some of the security features are detectable to the eye, daylight or artificial light, without the use of a particular device. These security elements comprise for example colored fibers or boards, fully or partially printed or metallized wires. These security elements are called first level.

Other types of security elements are detectable only with a relatively simple device, such as a lamp emitting in the ultraviolet (UV) or infrared (IR). These security elements comprise, for example, fibers, boards, strips, wires or particles. These security elements may be visible to the naked eye or not, being for example luminescent under a lighting of a Wood lamp emitting in a wavelength of 365 nm. These security elements are said to be second level.

Other types of security elements still require for their detection a more sophisticated detection device. These security elements are for example capable of generating a specific signal when they are subjected, simultaneously or not, to one or more external excitation sources. The automatic detection of the signal makes it possible to authenticate, if necessary, the document. These security elements comprise, for example, tracers in the form of active materials, particles or fibers capable of generating a specific signal when these tracers are subjected to optronic, electrical, magnetic or electromagnetic excitation. These security elements are said to be third level.

Security features in the security document may have first, second, or third level security features.

The security document may for example be a means of payment, such as a bank note, a check or a restaurant ticket, an identity document such as an identity card or a visa or a passport or a permit to drive, a lottery ticket, a ticket or an entrance ticket to cultural or sporting events.

The grammage of the security document according to the invention depends on the intended application. For example, it is between 60 and 250 g / m ² . The invention further relates, in another of its aspects, to a method of authenticating a security document as defined above, in which:

the first watermark or pseudo-watermark, and optionally the second watermark or pseudo-watermark, are observed on one side of the security document, then the second sheet is moved at least in part with respect to the first sheet, and optionally the third sheet, for observing the first watermark or pseudofiligrane, and optionally the second watermark or pseudo-watermark, on both sides of the security document and / or,

at least partially moving the second sheet relative to the first sheet, and optionally to the third sheet, to effect a relative movement of the combined image with respect to the revealing frame and to successively observe the nested images, and / or ,

comparing an identifier present in an electronic device of the security document, in particular on the second sheet of the security document, with an identifier on the security document.

The moving step may be preceded by a step of breaking an adhesive or a part of the second sheet along a predefined line, for example comprising pre-cuts and / or perforations. The moving step may be preceded by a detaching step of a removable portion of the second sheet.

The method of authenticating may further include the step of observing the superposition of the first and second watermarks or pseudo-watermarks upon moving at least a portion of the second sheet relative to the first and third sheets.

Preferably, at least two of these steps are performed, and more preferably all these steps are performed.

Another subject of the invention, according to another of its aspects, is a method for manufacturing at least one security document as defined above, comprising the following steps:

forming a plurality of cuts in a first paper substrate to obtain a plurality of first sheets,

forming a plurality of cuts in a second paper substrate to obtain a plurality of third sheets, applying an adhesive, especially a heat-reactive adhesive, around the first and / or third sheets thus formed,

disposing at least one substrate in the form of strips between the adhesive-coated peripheral areas to obtain a plurality of second sheets,

- Roll the first, second and third sheets thus formed together, especially hot, to obtain a plurality of security documents.

The substrate in the form of strips is for example made of paper. The invention will be better understood on reading which follows, the description of non-limiting examples of implementation thereof, and on examining the figures of the accompanying drawing, schematic and partial, in which:

FIG. 1 represents, in front view, the first sheet of an exemplary security document according to the invention,

FIG. 2 represents, in front view, the second sheet of the security document of FIG. 1,

FIG. 3 represents, in longitudinal section, the security document of FIGS. 1 and 2,

FIG. 4 represents, in front view, the first sheet of another example of a security document according to the invention,

FIG. 5 represents, in front view, the second sheet of the security document of FIG. 4,

FIG. 6 represents, in front view, the third sheet of the security document of FIGS. 4 and 5,

FIG. 7 is a sectional view of the security document of FIGS.

6

FIGS. 8 and 9 show, in front view, the displacement of a portion of the second sheet with respect to the first and third sheets of the security document of FIGS. 4 to 7,

FIGS. 10 and 11 show, in front view, alternative embodiments of the second sheet,

FIGS. 12 to 15 illustrate steps of the manufacturing method according to the invention, FIG. 16 represents, in section, a security document obtained by implementing the manufacturing method according to the invention,

FIG. 17 represents, in front view, another example of a second sheet of a security document according to the invention, comprising an electronic device, and

FIG. 18 represents the series of nested images making it possible to create the combined image of the security documents of FIGS. 1, 4 and 8.

FIG. 1 shows an example of a security document 10 comprising a first sheet 1 on which a first watermark or pseudo-watermark 3 and a combined image 4 appear. The combined image 4 can comprise the series of nested images 4a. represented in FIG. 18. The first sheet 1 further comprises an identifier 16 whose function is explained below, with reference to FIG. 17.

The security document 10 further comprises a second sheet 2, for example entirely translucent and diffusing light, on which a revealing frame 5 appears, as can be seen in FIG. 2.

The combined image 4 and the revealing frame 5 can advantageously be included in windows, in particular at least partially transparent, made respectively in the first and second sheets let 2.

FIG. 3 shows, in section, the security document 10, the first and second sheets 1 and 2 of which are respectively represented in FIGS. 1 and 2.

As can be seen in FIG. 3, the combined image 4 is superimposed on the revealing frame 5, and the first watermark or pseudo-watermark 3 is superimposed on the second sheet 2 which is, in this example, entirely translucent and diffusing the light.

When observing the security document 10 according to the arrow F _ls it is possible to observe the first watermark or pseudo-watermark 3. However, when observing the security document 10 according to the arrow F _2, it n ' it is not possible to observe the first watermark or pseudo-watermark 3, because of the translucent and diffusing light of the second sheet 2.

In addition, when the first sheet 1 is moved according to the arrow F ₃ relative to the second sheet 2, the relative movement of the combined image 4 and the revealing frame 5 relative to each other makes it possible to successively observe the nested images 4a of the combined image 4. Thus, the combined image 4 and the frame of revelation 5 being aligned in the direction of the arrow F ₃ , the relative displacement of the sheet 1 relative to the sheet 2 allows to view the entire reconstruction of the movement represented by the succession of images.

It is thus possible to authenticate the security document 10 at different security levels.

The first 1 and second 2 sheets can be linked together at least partially. For example, the first 1 and second 2 sheets may be interconnected at at least one of their edges. In this case, the first 1 and second 2 sheets constitute two loose sheets connected together. Alternatively, the first 1 and second 2 sheets can be two parts of the same sheet folded on itself. For example, the first 1 and second 2 sheets may correspond to a folded inner sheet of a booklet. The displacement of the first and second sheets relative to each other may for example be done by translation and / or rotation of one relative to the other.

FIGS. 4 to 7 show another embodiment of a security document 10 according to the invention, comprising a third sheet 6, the second sheet 2 being situated between the first sheet and the third sheet.

FIG. 4 represents, in front view, the first sheet 1 of the security document 10 comprising a first watermark or pseudo-watermark 3 and a combined image 4.

In addition, the first sheet 1 comprises a cutout 8, made for example by punching and having for example a half-circular shape. The cutout 8 can facilitate the gripping of the second sheet 2, in particular to allow relative movement between the first and second sheets 1 and 2.

FIG. 5 represents, in front view, the second sheet 2 of the security document 10. The second sheet 2 comprises an at least partially translucent zone and diffusing the light 9 delimited relative to the remainder of the second sheet 2 by precuts 12 , for example in dotted lines, making it possible to detach the at least partially translucent and light-diffusing zone 9 from the remainder of the second sheet 2, in order to be able to make a relative movement of the revealing frame 5 with respect to the combined image 4. For example, precuts 12 form a "U" on the second sheet 2 with the branches of the "U" arranged in the direction of the length of the security document 10.

The at least partially translucent and light-diffusing zone 9 comprises the revealing frame 5.

The second sheet 2 also has on its non-translucent and light-diffusing portion an adhesive 11, covering the two faces of the second sheet 2, to secure the second sheet 2 to the first sheet 1 and to the third sheet 6. The adhesive 11 is preferably applied only out of the partially translucent zone and diffusing the light 9 delimited relative to the remainder of the second sheet 2 by precuts 12.

The third sheet 6 comprises, as illustrated in FIG. 6, a second watermark or pseudo-watermark 7 and a cutout 8, for example similar to that described in FIG.

Advantageously, the first watermark or pseudo-watermark 3 and second watermark or pseudo-watermark 7 as well as the zone at least partially translucent and diffusing the light 9 are initially superimposed on each other, as illustrated in FIG. 7. In this way, when one observes the security document 10 according to the arrow F _ls it is possible to observe only the first watermark or pseudo-watermark 3. Similarly, when one observes the security document 10 according to the arrow F ₂ , it is possible to observe only the second watermark or pseudo-watermark 7. This gives the security document 10 a first level of security to authenticate the document.

FIGS. 8 and 9 show, in front view, the security document 10 respectively on the side of the first sheet 1 and on the side of the third sheet 6, when the at least partially translucent zone and diffusing the light 9 of the rest of the second sheet 2 to be able to make a relative movement of the revealing frame 5 with respect to the combined image 4. To do this, the user grasps for example the at least partially translucent area and diffusing the light 9 at the cutout 8 and pulls it to move it.

In Figures 8 and 9, the dimensions have not always been respected for the sake of understanding the invention. In particular, the dimensions of the revealing frame 5 shown in Fig. 5 have been exaggerated for clarity. When the user moves the at least partially translucent and light diffusing zone 9, for example in strip form, with respect to the first and third 6 sheets of security document 10, by detaching said zone 9 from the remainder of the second sheet 2 thanks to the precuts 12, the revelation frame 5 and the combined image 4 are moved relative to each other. In this way, it is possible to successively observe the nested images 4a of the combined image 4.

In addition, the displacement of the at least partially translucent and light-diffusing zone 9 with respect to the first and third 6 sheets of the security document 10 causes the non-superposition of the first watermark or pseudo-watermark 3 and the second watermark or pseudo-watermark. watermark 7 with the at least partially translucent zone and diffusing the light 9 (the dashed lines in FIGS. 8 and 9 represent the boundaries of the at least partially translucent and light-diffusing zone 9). Thus, as can be seen in FIGS. 8 and 9, it is possible to observe by transparency both the first watermark or pseudo-watermark 3 and the second watermark or pseudo-watermark 7 on both sides of the security document 10. .

FIG. 10 shows a variant embodiment of the second sheet

2.

In this example, the movable portion 9 is delimited relative to the remainder of the second sheet 2 by pre-cuts 12 on its longitudinal edges and by perforations 12 'on its trailing edge. The perforations 12 'are, for example, circular perforations arranged in staggered rows.

In all the examples previously described with reference to the figures, the combined image 4 and / or the revelation screen 5 advantageously initially appear in an at least partially transparent window of the first and / or second sheets 1 and 2, but it may be other.

The first 1, second 2 and third 6 sheets can be laminated between them, for example hot, using an adhesive 1 1 present on the two opposite faces of the second sheet 2, the adhesive being preferably thermosetting.

The combined image 4 of the first sheet 1 can be printed in a transparent window of the first sheet 1 and the revealing frame 5 of the second sheet 2 can be printed on the second sheet 2, especially on the area at least partially translucent and diffusing the light 9, the latter being able to extend entirely on the second sheet 2.

Alternatively, the revealing frame 5 may be on the first sheet 1 and the combined picture 4 may be on the second sheet 2.

The combined image 4 can still be printed on the third sheet 6, the second sheet 2 comprising the revealing frame 5 in a transparent zone of the at least partially translucent zone and diffusing the light 9 and the first sheet 1 comprising a transparent zone superimposed on the combined image 4 of the third sheet 6.

The revelation screen 5 can still be printed on the third sheet 6, the second sheet 2 comprising the combined image 4 in a transparent zone of the at least partially translucent zone and diffusing the light 9 and the first sheet 1 comprising a transparent zone superimposed on the revealing frame 5 of the third sheet 6.

The combined image 4 may still appear on a transparent zone of the first sheet 1, the third sheet 6 comprising another combined image in a transparent zone and the second sheet 2 having two revealing frames on each of its faces, each of the frames being associated with one of the combined images of the first and third sheets, the set of combined images and revelation frames being superimposed on each other in a configuration in which the movable portion 9 is attached to the second sheet 2.

When the first and third sheets each have a combined image, the second sheet having one or two revelation fields associated with the combined images of the first and third sheets, the two combined images may, for example, be complementary when they are superimposed on each other. to one another, for example to form a given pattern.

The two combined images can overlap partially or totally. The two combined images can still be completely offset with respect to each other, so that the movement of the revelation frame or frames reveals the respective nested images of the two images combined one after the other.

FIG. 11 shows a variant embodiment of the second sheet

2. In this example, the second sheet 2 comprises an adhesive 11 on peripheral areas between which there is the at least partially translucent zone and diffusing the light 9 comprising the revealing frame 5.

Advantageously, the zone at least partially translucent and diffusing the light 9 is in the form of a strip and is not integral with the remainder of the second sheet 2. In this way, the second sheet 2 can be secured to the first 1 and third 6 sheets of the document 10 through the adhesive 11, and the at least partially translucent light-diffusing area 9 can be inserted between the first 1 and third 6 sheets and the peripheral areas covered with an adhesive of the second sheet 2 .

It is thus possible to remove and replace the at least partially translucent area and diffusing the light 9 of the security document 10.

FIGS. 12 to 15 illustrate steps of a method of manufacturing a security document according to the invention, the security document comprising a second sheet 2 produced according to the variant embodiment described in FIG. 11.

FIG. 12 illustrates the step in which first sheets 1 are formed from a first paper substrate I, on which, for example, transparent windows 13 are punched out, for receiving combined images. 4 or revealing frames 5, and cutouts 8 for facilitating the gripping of the second sheet 2. The windows 13 are for example covered with a transparent or translucent layer, for example plastic such as a polymer, for receiving a combined image and / or a revelation frame while exposing the combined image or associated revelation frame on the second sheet.

In Figure 13 is illustrated the step of forming as many third sheets 6 from a second paper substrate II on which is formed for example the blanks 8 to the punch.

FIG. 14 illustrates the step of depositing an adhesive 11 on the peripheral zones of the first 1 and / or the third 6 sheets previously formed, the adhesive 11 allowing the assembly of the first 1 and third 6 sheets together.

In FIG. 15 is illustrated the application of the second sheets 2 which are in this example entirely translucent, in the form of strips arranged between the peripheral zones covered with adhesive 11. The security documents 10 are then formed by assembling the first and second II substrates.

The adhesive is preferably a thermosetting adhesive and the assembly can be by laminating the sheets together, while hot.

FIG. 16 schematically represents, in section, the security document obtained according to the manufacturing method described with reference to FIGS. 12 to 15. This security document 10 comprises a first sheet 1 and a third sheet 6 joined together by the adhesive 1 1, the second sheet 2 being in the form of removable strip placed between the first 1 and third 6 sheets.

FIG. 17 shows a variant embodiment of the second sheet

2, in which an electronic device 15, in particular in the form of an AOB chip, is present on the movable part of the second sheet 2, comprising the at least partially translucent zone and diffusing the light 9. The electronic device 15 may have been introduced into the second sheet according to the process described in WO 03/015016.

Advantageously, the electronic device 15 stores an identifier 16, for example an identification number, also written on the security document 10, for example on the first sheet 1 of the security document 10, as can be seen in FIG. .

By comparing the identifier 16 entered on the security document 10 and the identifier stored and transmitted by the electronic device 15, it is possible to control the membership of the detachable part of the second sheet 2 to the rest of the document. 10 and thus prevent any attempt to use the detachable portion of the second sheet 2 with another security document 10.

The electronic device 15 may also appear on the detachable parts of the second sheets 2 described in FIGS. 5, 10 and 11.

FIG. 18 shows a series of interleaved images 4a making it possible to create a combined image 4 representing in this example a pattern in the form of an elephant.

The nested images 4a correspond, for example, to four different positions of the elephant and thus make it possible to create a decomposition of the movement of the elephant. Each nested image 4a comprises a set of parallel lines, spaced apart from each other in a regular manner or not, and having variable thicknesses.

The expression "comprising a" or "comprising a" is synonymous with "comprising at least one" or "comprising at least one", unless the opposite is specified.

Claims

1. Security document (10) comprising:

a first sheet (1) comprising a first watermark or pseudo-watermark (3), and one of a revelation screen (5) or a combined image (4), the combined image (4) comprising at least one minus two nested images (4a) and being associated with the revelation frame (5),

a second sheet (2) of which at least one part is movable, in particular removable, and has a possibility of displacement relative to the first sheet (1), said movable part having a zone at least partially translucent and diffusing the light (9) and comprising the other of said revealing frame (5) and said combined image (4),

moving the movable portion of the second (2) sheet relative to the first (1) to successively observe the nested images (4a) by at least partial superimposition of the revealing frame (5) and the image combined (4) and relative movement of one relative to the other,

the superposition, before and / or during the displacement of the movable part of the second sheet, of the first watermark or pseudo-watermark (3) to said at least partially translucent and light-diffusing area (9) making it possible to observe said first watermark or pseudo-watermark (3) than on the side of the first sheet (1).

2. Security document according to claim 1, comprising a third sheet (6) having a second watermark or pseudo-watermark (7), the second sheet (2) being located between the first (1) and third (6) sheets.

3. Document according to claim 2, the first (3) and second (7) watermarks or pseudo-watermarks being at least partially superimposed on one another at the level of the at least partially translucent and light-diffusing area (9). ) of the second sheet (2).

4. Document according to one of the preceding claims, the second sheet (2) comprising an adhesive (11).

5. Document according to claim 2 or 3, the second sheet (2) having an adhesive (11) on both sides, in contact respectively with the first and third sheets.

6. Document according to any one of the preceding claims, the second sheet (2) comprising an electronic device (15), in particular an AOB chip.

7. Document according to the preceding claim, the electronic device (15) comprising an identifier (16), also appearing on the security document (10).

8. Document according to any one of the preceding claims, the second sheet (2) having a removable portion (9) constituting the movable part and a fixed part.

9. Document according to the preceding claim, the removable portion (9) of the second sheet (2) being delimited by precuts (12) and / or perforations (12 ').

10. Document according to any one of the preceding claims, the first sheet (1), and optionally the third sheet (6), having a cutout (8) to facilitate the gripping of at least a portion of the second sheet (2). ).

The method of authenticating a security document (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein:

the first watermark or pseudo-watermark (3), and optionally the second watermark or pseudo-watermark (7), are observed on one side of the security document (10), then the second sheet is moved at least partially (2) with respect to the first sheet (1), and optionally to the third sheet (6), for observing the first watermark or pseudo-watermark (3), and optionally the second watermark or pseudo-watermark (7), two sides of the security document (10) and / or,

the at least part of the second sheet (2) is moved relative to the first sheet (1), and optionally to the third sheet (6), to effect a relative movement of the combined image (4) relative to the revealing frame (5) and successively observing the nested images (4a), and / or,

comparing an identifier present in an electronic device (15) of the security document (10), in particular on the second sheet (2) of the security document (10), with an identifier (16) carried on the security document ( 10).

12. Authentication method according to the preceding claim, including the step of observing the superposition of the first (3) and second (7) watermarks or pseudo-watermarks during the displacement of at least a portion of the second sheet (2). ) with respect to the first (1) and third (6) sheets.

A method of manufacturing at least one security document (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 10, comprising the steps of:

forming a plurality of cuts in a first paper substrate (I) to obtain a plurality of first sheets (1),

forming a plurality of blanks in a second paper substrate (II) to obtain a plurality of third sheets (6),

applying an adhesive (1 1), in particular a heat-activatable adhesive, around the first (1) and / or third (6) sheets thus formed,

disposing at least one second substrate in the form of strips between the adhesive-coated peripheral zones (11) to obtain a plurality of second sheets (2),

- Roll the first (1), second (2) and third (6) sheets formed together, especially hot, to obtain a plurality of security documents (10).