WO2011134270A1 - 一种墙体挂板和墙体结构 - Google Patents

一种墙体挂板和墙体结构 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011134270A1
WO2011134270A1 PCT/CN2010/080608 CN2010080608W WO2011134270A1 WO 2011134270 A1 WO2011134270 A1 WO 2011134270A1 CN 2010080608 W CN2010080608 W CN 2010080608W WO 2011134270 A1 WO2011134270 A1 WO 2011134270A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
wall
hanging plate
hanging
binder
weight
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2010/080608
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
秦升益
贾屹海
秦申二
马金奎
Original Assignee
北京仁创科技集团有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN201010160855A external-priority patent/CN102235068B/zh
Priority claimed from CN 201010160804 external-priority patent/CN102235042A/zh
Priority claimed from CN201010160867.5A external-priority patent/CN102235040B/zh
Application filed by 北京仁创科技集团有限公司 filed Critical 北京仁创科技集团有限公司
Publication of WO2011134270A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011134270A1/zh

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
    • F24F5/0007—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning
    • F24F5/0035—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning using evaporation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F1/00—Room units for air-conditioning, e.g. separate or self-contained units or units receiving primary air from a central station
    • F24F1/0007—Indoor units, e.g. fan coil units
    • F24F1/0059—Indoor units, e.g. fan coil units characterised by heat exchangers
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
    • E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
    • E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
    • E04F13/0801—Separate fastening elements
    • E04F13/0803—Separate fastening elements with load-supporting elongated furring elements between wall and covering elements
    • E04F13/081—Separate fastening elements with load-supporting elongated furring elements between wall and covering elements with additional fastening elements between furring elements and covering elements
    • E04F13/0816—Separate fastening elements with load-supporting elongated furring elements between wall and covering elements with additional fastening elements between furring elements and covering elements the additional fastening elements extending into the back side of the covering elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
    • E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
    • E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
    • E04F13/0801—Separate fastening elements
    • E04F13/0803—Separate fastening elements with load-supporting elongated furring elements between wall and covering elements
    • E04F13/081—Separate fastening elements with load-supporting elongated furring elements between wall and covering elements with additional fastening elements between furring elements and covering elements
    • E04F13/083—Hooking means on the back side of the covering elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
    • E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
    • E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
    • E04F13/0866—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements composed of several layers, e.g. sandwich panels or layered panels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F1/00—Room units for air-conditioning, e.g. separate or self-contained units or units receiving primary air from a central station
    • F24F1/0007—Indoor units, e.g. fan coil units
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
    • E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
    • E04F13/072—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of specially adapted, structured or shaped covering or lining elements
    • E04F13/073—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of specially adapted, structured or shaped covering or lining elements for particular building parts, e.g. corners or columns
    • E04F13/0733—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of specially adapted, structured or shaped covering or lining elements for particular building parts, e.g. corners or columns for corners
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
    • E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
    • E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
    • E04F13/0801—Separate fastening elements
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/54—Free-cooling systems

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a wall hanging plate and a wall structure. Background technique
  • the building materials currently used conventionally are mainly ceramic tiles, paints, paints, and the like. These building materials are resistant to the natural environment (wind, rain, snow, etc.), while also preventing solar radiation, noise interference and wind and water protection. However, the traditional building materials have poor insulation, heat insulation and sound insulation, and are easy to fall off.
  • CN 2521284Y discloses a composite thermal insulation outer wall body, which comprises a structural layer, a thermal insulation layer and a side insulation layer, wherein the thermal insulation layer is connected to the hall in the structural layer, and the side insulation layer is The structural layers are connected on three sides.
  • This insulated exterior wall has a good insulation effect and is not easy to fall off.
  • the wall hanging plate cannot adjust the temperature of the wall and the indoor room, so the effect on energy saving and emission reduction is still not satisfactory.
  • the Chinese utility model patent CN 201268902 Y discloses a sandwich insulation wall structure, and the technical scheme of the interlayer insulation wall structure is: an insulation board is arranged between the beam and the column, and the inner and outer sides of the insulation board are respectively provided with Blocks, thermal insulation boards are placed on the outside of the beams and columns, and the steel cables are fixed on the outside of the blocks between the beams and the columns.
  • the above-mentioned interlayer insulation wall structure has a drawback in that, since the blocks are stacked on both the inner and outer sides of the heat insulation board, the above-mentioned wall structure needs to be piled up in the field at the time of construction, which is time consuming and labor-intensive. Moreover, in the width direction of the above wall structure, the thermal insulation board is very thin relative to the block, and therefore, the insulation effect of the interlayer insulation wall structure is limited.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the existing wall hanging panels in the energy saving effect, and to provide a wall hanging board and a wall structure which can effectively reduce the living energy consumption of the building.
  • the invention provides a wall hanging board, a wall hanging board, wherein the wall hanging board comprises a board and a supporting body, and the supporting body is embedded in the board, the board is shaped
  • the material includes a water-absorbing top layer and a water-repellent bottom layer.
  • the invention also provides a wall structure, the wall structure comprising:
  • An inner wall surface and an outer wall surface wherein the inner wall surface and the outer wall surface are fixedly disposed on opposite sides of the load bearing column, the inner wall surface includes an inner hanging plate, and the outer wall surface includes Outer hanging board:
  • Insulation village material the insulation material is filled in the space between the inner wall surface and the outer wall surface:
  • the outer hanging board is a wall hanging board provided by the invention, and the water absorption surface layer of the wall hanging board faces the outer side of the outer wall surface: and/or
  • the inner hanging plate is a wall hanging plate provided by the invention, and the water absorption surface layer of the wall hanging plate faces the inner side of the inner wall surface.
  • the wall hanging board provided by the invention can adjust the temperature of the wall and the room in addition to the warmth property, and when used as the outer hanging board of the wall, when the water content in the rain or the air is large, the wall
  • the surface layer of the body hanging plate may contain part of the water, and at the same time, because the bottom layer is waterproof, it ensures that moisture does not enter the wall through the bottom layer but remains only in the surface layer, and the surface layer rises when the temperature of the air rises. The evaporation of water in the middle, taking away a lot of heat from the wall to lower the room temperature.
  • the wall When it is not rainy, the wall can be watered by artificial watering to achieve the purpose of cooling; also when used as the inner side of the wall, when in the indoor air
  • the water-absorbing surface layer of the wall hanging plate can absorb part of the water, and at the same time, because the bottom layer is waterproof, it ensures that moisture does not enter the wall through the bottom layer but remains only in the surface layer.
  • the moisture in the water-absorbing surface layer evaporates, so that the humidity of the indoor air can be adjusted, thereby further ensuring the warmth performance while further Reduce the living energy consumption of buildings.
  • the wall structure provided by the invention is relatively simple, and the construction of the wall structure can be completed in a short time at the construction site, and the construction efficiency is high.
  • the thickness of the inner hanging plate and the outer hanging plate is relatively thin compared with the thickness of the heat insulating material, so that a thick insulating material can be obtained, and a better heat insulating effect can be obtained.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a wall hanging plate made in Examples 1-2 and 5-7;
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a wall hanging plate prepared in Embodiments 3 and 4;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the arrangement of the support body 3 in the wall hanging plate prepared in Embodiment 1-7;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the connection of the support body 3 in the wall hanging plate prepared in the embodiment 1-7;
  • Figure 5 is a schematic structural view of a connecting member 5 used in Embodiments 1-7 of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic view showing another structure of the connecting member 5 according to the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic view showing another structure of the connecting member 5 according to the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic view showing another structure of the connecting member 5 according to the present invention.
  • Figure 9 is a perspective view of a wall structure in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 10 is a front elevational view of the wall structure shown in Figure 9;
  • Figure 11 is a plan view of the wall structure shown in Figure 9;
  • Figure 12 is an enlarged plan view showing a circle portion indicated by a broken line in Figure 9;
  • Figure 13 is an enlarged plan view showing the wall structure in the circle portion according to another embodiment of the present invention. detailed description
  • the present invention provides a wall hanging board, wherein the wall hanging board comprises a board and a support body 3, and the support body 3 is embedded in the board, the board
  • the water-containing top layer 1 and the water-repellent bottom layer 2 are included.
  • the water-absorbing surface layer 1 may have a water content coefficient of 0.1-1.5 g/cm 3 and a percolation coefficient of 0.5-15 cm/sec; and the water-repellent bottom layer 2 may have a percolation coefficient of lx lO- 6. To lx lO- 12 cm / sec.
  • the water content coefficient refers to the maximum water content per unit volume (grams per cubic centimeter, g/cm 3 ), which is a measure of the penetration force of water in the material at normal temperature in Darcy's law (cm) /second, cm/s
  • the water-absorbing top layer 1 contains a first aggregate and a first binder, and the content ratio of the water-absorbing aggregate and the first binder may vary within a wide range, preferably, The content of the first binder is from 1 to 30 parts by weight, more preferably from 5 to 15 parts by weight, per 100 parts by weight of the first aggregate.
  • the type of the first aggregate is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, silica sand and/or glass microbeads; and the average particle diameter of the first aggregate may vary over a wide range, preferably, the The first aggregate has an average particle diameter of 20 to 900 ⁇ m, more preferably 40 to 140 ⁇ m, and the water-absorbing top layer 1 can have better water absorption properties and water permeability in the average particle diameter range.
  • the first binder may be an epoxy resin binder, or may be a mixture of an epoxy resin binder and an unsaturated resin binder and/or a polyurethane resin binder, relative to 100 parts by weight.
  • the epoxy resin binder, the unsaturated resin binder and/or the polyurethane resin binder is contained in an amount of from 1 to 100 parts by weight.
  • the inventors have unexpectedly found that the use of a mixture of an epoxy resin binder and an unsaturated resin binder and/or a polyurethane resin binder can significantly increase the strength of the water-absorbing surface layer 1.
  • the epoxy resin binder is commercially available, for example, an epoxy resin binder of Sika 731 manufactured by Guangzhou Sika Building Materials Co., Ltd., which is commercially available.
  • an epoxy resin binder of Sika 731 manufactured by Guangzhou Sika Building Materials Co., Ltd. which is commercially available.
  • a 168f type unsaturated resin binder produced by Tianjin Aobang Resin Co., Ltd., which is commercially available, for example, manufactured by Watanabe Chemicals (Guangzhou) Co., Ltd.
  • Polyurethane resin binder of type ws-5000 Polyurethane resin binder of type ws-5000.
  • the wall hanging board can be used as a building wall outer hanging board and/or a building wall inner hanging board, and when the wall hanging board is used as a wall outer hanging board, in order to further improve
  • the wall hanging board is resistant to natural erosion
  • the water-absorbing top layer 1 may further contain an anti-aging agent, and the content of the anti-aging agent may be changed within a wide range, preferably, relative to 100 parts by weight
  • the antioxidant is contained in an amount of 0.0001 to 0.006 part by weight, more preferably 0.0005 to 0.001 part by weight.
  • an anti-aging layer may also be formed on the water-absorbing surface layer 1.
  • the water permeability of the anti-aging layer 4 can be changed within a wide range, as long as it can allow moisture to enter the water-absorbing surface layer 1, preferably
  • the anti-aging layer 4 has a percolation coefficient of 0.5-15 cm/sec, and the anti-aging layer 4 may have a thickness of 1-100 ⁇ m.
  • the anti-aging layer 4 may contain an antioxidant and a third binder, and the content of the antioxidant and the third binder may be varied within a wide range, preferably, relative to 100 parts by weight.
  • a third binder the antioxidant is contained in an amount of 0.01 to 5 parts by weight, more preferably 0.05 to 3 parts by weight
  • the third binder is epoxy resin bonded Or a mixture of an epoxy resin binder and an unsaturated resin binder and/or a polyurethane resin binder, for example, a 168f type unsaturated resin binder produced by Tianjin Aobang Resin Co., Ltd., The ws-5000 type polyurethane resin binder produced by Watanabe Chemicals (Guangzhou) Co., Ltd.
  • the types of the antioxidants are well known to those skilled in the art and are commercially available, for example, the anti-yellowing agents UV30 and V85-P of Guangzhou Zhiyi Chemical Co., Ltd.
  • the water absorbing surface layer 1 may further contain a flame retardant, the resistance
  • the content of the flammable agent may be varied within a wide range, and in order to ensure the flame retardancy without affecting the water absorbing property of the water absorbing surface layer 1, preferably, the flame retardant is used with respect to 100 parts by weight of the first aggregate.
  • the content is from 1 to 60 parts by weight.
  • the type of the flame retardant is well known to those skilled in the art, and may be, for example, one of aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, a phosphorus-containing flame retardant, a chlorine-containing flame retardant, antimony trioxide, and molybdenum trioxide. Or several.
  • the average particle diameter of the flame retardant may vary over a wide range, and preferably, the flame retardant may have an average particle diameter of 45 ⁇ or less.
  • the types of the phosphorus-containing flame retardant and the chlorine-containing flame retardant are well known to those skilled in the art, and can be commercially available to IJ, for example, Yoke TPP type phosphorus-containing flame retardant produced by Jiangsu Yake Technology Co., Ltd. Chlorinated paraffin produced by Qingdao Yuzhou Chemical Co., Ltd.
  • the waterproof underlayer 2 may contain a second aggregate, a third aggregate, and a second binder, and the content of the second aggregate, the third aggregate, and the second binder may be very Changing in a wide range, preferably, the content of the third aggregate is 1-20 parts by weight, and the content of the second binder is 1-40 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the second aggregate. .
  • the type of the second aggregate is not particularly limited.
  • it may be waterproof sand, and the second aggregate may be commercially available.
  • Beijing Renchuang Technology Group Co., Ltd. produces waterproof sand STS-303.
  • the average particle diameter of the second aggregate may vary over a wide range.
  • the second aggregate may have an average particle diameter of 50-150 ⁇ m.
  • the type of the third aggregate is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, one or more of polyphenyl particles, ceramsite, perlite and vermiculite, and the average particle diameter of the third aggregate may be very The change is over a wide range.
  • the third aggregate has an average particle diameter of from 1 to 20 mm.
  • the second binder may be an inorganic binder and/or an organic binder, the type of which is well known to those skilled in the art, for example, cement and/or water.
  • the inorganic binder is commercially available, for example, a 425# model cement produced by Lafarge.
  • the type of the organic binder is well known to those skilled in the art, and may be, for example, a silicone resin binder which is commercially available, for example, a CN-8603 model manufactured by Dow Corning Corporation. Silicone resin binder, etc.
  • the size of the wall hanging plate is not particularly limited, and the thickness of the water-absorbing top layer 1 and the waterproof bottom layer 2 is not particularly limited as long as it is easy to install, and the geographical condition is used according to the wall hanging plate.
  • the difference can be varied within a wide range.
  • the thickness of the water-absorbing surface layer 1 can be appropriately increased.
  • the thickness of the waterproof bottom layer 2 can be appropriately increased to improve the heat preservation effect.
  • the thickness of the water-absorbing surface layer 1 may preferably be 1-20 mm, in consideration of the weight of the wall hanging plate and the production cost.
  • the aqueous underlayer 2 may have a thickness of 10 to 50 mm.
  • the support body 3 includes a plurality of support rods that are fixedly connected to each other or form an integral structure, and the support body 3 may be distributed in a "well" shape (as shown in Fig. 3).
  • the wall hanging panel further comprises one or more connecting members 5 embedded in the plate, the connecting member 5 having a first hole 7, a second hole 8 and a third hole 9, The center lines of the first hole 7, the second hole 8, and the third hole 9 are perpendicular to each other, one support rod is inserted through or through the first hole 7, and the other support rod is inserted or passed through the second hole 8, so that there is much more through the connecting member 5.
  • the support rods are fixedly connected, the third holes 9 are used for fixing the fasteners, and the wall hanging plates are connected to the load-bearing columns 10 by fasteners.
  • the plurality of support rods are connected to each other by the connecting member 5 (as shown in Fig. 4), so that the material selection of the support body 3 is not limited by the processing.
  • the kind of the connecting member 5 is not particularly limited as long as the plurality of support rods can be connected together.
  • the connecting member 5 may include a body 6, a first hole 7 and a second hole 8 for fixing the support body 3, wherein the A hole 7 and a second hole 8 are located in the body 6, and the first hole 7 and the second hole 8 are spaced apart from each other.
  • the first hole 7 and the second hole 8 may be through holes, or may be blind holes, as long as a plurality of support bars can be fixed together, preferably, the first holes 7 and the second holes 8 It is a through hole.
  • the angle between the center lines of the first hole 7 and the second hole 8 is not particularly limited and may vary widely depending on the direction of the support rod, for example, the first hole 7 and the second
  • the center lines of the holes 8 may be perpendicular to each other, parallel to each other or at other angles.
  • the center lines of the first holes 7 and the second holes 8 are perpendicular to each other, thereby enabling the support body 3 to be "well" " Word distribution.
  • the shape of the body 6 of the connecting member 5 is not particularly limited.
  • the body 6 may be a sphere, an ellipsoid, a rectangular parallelepiped or a cube.
  • the body 6 is a square.
  • the wall panel can be placed on the wall by a variety of means well known in the art, for example, by means of attachment.
  • the body 6 of the connecting member 5 may also have a third hole 9 for fixing the fastener, the wall The hanging plate is connected to the wall by fasteners.
  • the angle between the center lines of the first hole 7, the second hole 8 and the third hole 9 is not particularly limited as long as it is convenient to fix the wall hanging plate on the building, preferably, The center lines of the first hole 7, the second hole 8, and the third hole 9 are perpendicular to each other.
  • the type of fastener is well known to those skilled in the art and may be, for example, one or more of a screw, a screw, a rivet, and a back bolt.
  • the preparation method of the wall hanging plate is not particularly limited.
  • the materials of the water-absorbing top layer 1 and the waterproof bottom layer 2 may be separately added to the mold, the support body 3 is provided, and the support body 3 is disposed.
  • the water-absorbing top layer 1 or the water-repellent base layer 2 is provided between the water-absorbing surface layer 1 and the water-repellent base layer 2.
  • the manner in which the support body 3 is disposed is not particularly limited.
  • the support body 3 is uniformly disposed in the water-absorbing surface layer 1 or disposed in the waterproof base layer 2, or Evenly disposed between the water-absorbing top layer 1 and the water-repellent base layer 2, for example, the support body 3 may be distributed in a "well" shape.
  • the plurality of support rods are connected to each other by the connecting member 5, and the plurality of support rods are connected to each other by the connecting member 5, so that the material selection of the support body 3 is not limited by the processing technique.
  • the kind of the connecting member 5 is not particularly limited as long as the plurality of support rods can be connected together.
  • the connecting member 5 provided by the present invention is used, and the structure of the connecting member 5 is as described above and will not be described herein.
  • the method of curing is not particularly limited as long as the water-absorbing top layer 1 and the water-repellent underlayer 2 can be cured.
  • the curing can be carried out by heat curing and/or microwave curing.
  • the curing is carried out by heat curing at a temperature of 20 to 120 ° C and a curing time of 1 to 24 hours.
  • the present invention also provides a wall structure, and a specific embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
  • the wall structure according to the present invention comprises:
  • An inner wall surface and an outer wall surface, the inner wall surface and the outer wall surface are fixedly disposed parallel to each other on opposite sides of the load-bearing column 10, the inner wall surface including an inner hanging plate 11, the outer wall surface including Outer hanging board 12;
  • the insulating material is filled in a space between the inner wall surface and the outer wall surface; wherein the outer hanging plate 12 is a wall hanging plate provided by the present invention, the wall hanging plate
  • the water absorbing surface layer faces the outer side of the outer wall surface;
  • the inner hanging plate 11 is a wall hanging plate provided by the present invention, and the water absorption surface layer of the wall hanging plate faces the inner side of the inner wall surface.
  • the water-absorbing top layer 1 preferably further contains an anti-aging agent, or
  • the anti-aging layer 4 is disposed on the top layer 1; the type and content of the anti-aging agent, and the composition and thickness of the anti-aging layer 4, etc., have been described above, and will not be described herein.
  • the water-absorbing top layer 1 preferably further contains a flame retardant, and the type of the flame retardant The content and content have been described above and will not be described herein.
  • the load-bearing column 10 can usually be set up on the ground vertically.
  • the so-called ground should be interpreted in a wider range, that is, the ground includes not only the earth (the ground on which the load-bearing column 10 can be directly set up), but also any building. Foundation, such as the ground of any floor in a high-rise building.
  • the load-bearing column 10 can be set up on the ground in various ways, such as pre-buried, stacked on the ground, etc., and the steel pipe can be directly welded on the ground to form the load-bearing column 10.
  • the main function of the load-bearing column 10 is to support and carry a gravitational load, so the load-bearing column 10 generally has a high structural strength.
  • the load-bearing column 10 is plural, such as two or three (as shown in FIG. 9) or more.
  • the load-bearing column 10 can be a variety of load-bearing columns, such as a steel tube concrete structure or a steel structure.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the load-bearing column 10 can be any suitable shape. Shape, like a polygon.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the load-bearing column 10 is rectangular, as shown in FIG.
  • the distance between two adjacent load-bearing columns 10 may be from 2 meters to 5 meters, more preferably from 3 meters to 4 meters.
  • the structural parameters of the load-bearing column 10 itself and the spacing between two adjacent load-bearing columns 10 may vary.
  • the application of the wall structure according to the present invention includes but is not limited to: forming a wall structure by using a plurality of load-bearing columns 10 and inner wall surfaces and outer wall surfaces respectively including an inner hanging plate and an outer hanging plate, so as to facilitate the construction of the wall The internal space of the object is separated.
  • the inner wall surface and the outer wall surface of the wall structure of the present invention are formed by the inner hanging plate 11 and the outer hanging plate 12.
  • the inner hanging plate 11 is fixedly disposed on the inner side of the load-bearing column 10 so that the inner wall surface can be formed; and the outer hanging plate 12 is fixedly disposed on the outer side of the load-bearing column 10, thereby forming an outer wall surface.
  • the inner hanging plate 11 and the outer hanging plate 12 will be described in detail below.
  • the inner hanging plate 11 and the outer hanging plate 12 are fixedly disposed on the inner side and the outer side of the load-bearing column 10, respectively, thereby forming the inner wall surface and the outer wall surface, and forming a space between the inner wall surface and the outer wall surface.
  • This space is used to accommodate the insulating material, thereby allowing the wall structure provided by the present invention to have a better thermal insulation effect.
  • the distance between the inner wall surface and the outer wall surface is 15 cm to 30 cm, so that the thickness of the heat insulating layer formed by the heat insulating material is 15 cm to 30 cm. Further preferably, the distance between the inner wall surface and the outer wall surface is 20 cm to 25 cm.
  • the inner hanging plate 11 and the outer hanging plate 12 can be made in advance at a production place such as a factory. When it is necessary to assemble the wall structure, the inner hanging plate 11 and the outer hanging plate 12 are transported to the construction site, that is, the place where the load bearing column 10 is located. Therefore, with the technical solution of the present invention, the process and time of the on-site construction can be reduced, and the construction efficiency of the wall structure can be improved.
  • the inner hanging plate 11 and the outer hanging plate 12 are attached to the load-bearing column 10, a space between the inner wall surface and the outer wall surface is formed, that is, a space for accommodating the heat insulating material is formed, and the heat insulating material is filled therein.
  • the wall structure can be made by space. Therefore, the construction process is simple in process and convenient in operation, and can also improve the construction efficiency of the constructed wall.
  • the bottom of the space in which the heat insulating material is accommodated may be the ground, or a bottom seal (not shown) may be additionally provided to prevent the heat insulating material from leaking out from the bottom of the inner hanging plate 11 and the outer hanging plate 12. While the top of the space may be open, a top cover (not shown) may also preferably be provided to seal the space. These can be chosen according to the specific application.
  • the inner hanging plates 11 may be one or plural; the outer hanging plates 12 may be one or plural.
  • an inner wall surface is formed by fixing an inner hanging plate 11 to the inner side of the load-bearing column 10, in which case the inner wall surface includes an inner hanging plate 11; an outer wall surface is formed by fixing an outer hanging plate 12 to the outer side of the load-bearing wall 10, in which case the outer wall surface includes an outer hanging plate 12.
  • the inner wall surface may include a plurality of inner hanging panels 11 and the outer wall surface may include an outer hanging panel 12; or the inner wall surface may include an inner hanging panel 11 and the outer wall surface
  • the wall surface may include a plurality of outer hanging panels; or, the inner wall surface may include a plurality of inner hanging panels 11, and the outer wall surface may include a plurality of outer hanging panels.
  • the inner hanging plate 11 and the outer hanging plate 12 may be attached to the load-bearing column 10 in various ways.
  • the hanging plate may be bonded to the load-bearing column 10 by an adhesive; or the hanging plate may be assembled to the load-bearing column 10 by means of a shackle connection or the like.
  • the wall structure further comprises a connecting piece
  • the inner hanging plate 11 and The outer hanging plate 12 is fixed to the load-bearing column 10 by the connecting member.
  • the connectors can be fasteners (such as bolts, screws, or rivets).
  • the inner hanging plate 11 and the outer hanging plate 12 are detachably fixed to both sides of the load-bearing column 10 by means of a connecting member.
  • the inner hanging plate 11 and the outer hanging plate 12 are both Provided with a first connecting member
  • the load bearing post 10 is provided with a second connecting member
  • one of the first connecting member and the second connecting member has a protrusion
  • the other has a groove
  • the first connector may have a protrusion, such as a hook; and the second connector may have a groove, such as a slot. Therefore, by detaching the hook in the hanging slot, the detachable fixed connection of the first connecting member and the second connecting member is realized, thereby achieving the fixed connection of the inner hanging plate 11 and the outer hanging plate 12 to the load-bearing column 10, respectively. Moreover, by the fitting relationship of the projections and the recesses, the fixed connection of the inner hanging plate 11 and the outer hanging plate 12 to the load-bearing column 10 can be realized quickly and conveniently.
  • the wall structure further includes a connecting rod fixed between the adjacent two load-bearing columns 10, and the inner wall surface and the outer wall surface between the two load-bearing columns 10 respectively include a plurality of inner hanging plates 11 and more An outer hanging plate 12; each of the inner hanging plate 11 and the outer hanging plate 12 includes a first connecting member having a groove, the groove is hung on the connecting rod, thereby using the first connecting member
  • the inner hanging plate 11 and the outer hanging plate 12 are fixedly connected to the two load-bearing columns 10.
  • a connecting rod is fixed between the adjacent two load-bearing columns 10.
  • the plurality of inner hanging plates 11 and the outer hanging plates 12 each include a first connecting member having a groove, and the groove is hung on the connecting rod to respectively hang the inner hanging plate 11 and the outer side
  • the plate 12 is fixed to the connecting rod and is detachably fixedly coupled to the load-bearing column 10.
  • the connecting rod can act as a projection to facilitate the abutment of the recess of the first connector.
  • connecting rods There may be a plurality of connecting rods, and a plurality of connecting rods may be fixedly disposed on the outer sides of the two adjacent load-bearing columns 10 for respectively providing a plurality of outer hanging plates 12; the inner sides of the two adjacent load-bearing columns 10 may be fixed A plurality of connecting rods are provided for respectively providing a plurality of inner hanging plates 11.
  • the connecting rods can have different connections.
  • the connecting rod may be a single rod or a connecting rod in which a plurality of short rods are connected to each other.
  • the connecting rod can be inclined to extend in the horizontal direction, but preferably, The connecting rod extends in the horizontal direction to facilitate the hanging of the respective hanging boards.
  • the recess of the first connector may have a variety of forms.
  • the first connecting member may be an h-shaped member 13, which is disposed on the inner hanging plate 11 and the outer hanging plate. 12 and the opening of the h-shaped member 13 faces downward to form the groove.
  • the recess can be hung on the connecting rod so that the hanging plate is hung on the connecting rod by the opening of the h-shaped member 13.
  • the connecting rod can be a rod of various cross-sectional shapes, such as a rectangular shape, a thin plate shape, or the like.
  • angle iron can be used as the connecting rod. Since the angle iron is widely used in the industry, the connection of the connecting rod is convenient. Moreover, even after disassembly, it does not affect the application of angle iron in other fields, thereby saving costs.
  • the connecting rod may include: a first angle iron member 17, the first angle iron member 17 including a fixed side 18 and a supporting side 19, the fixed side 18 (fixed) being attached to the load-bearing column 10;
  • the second angle iron member 20 includes a connecting edge 21 and a protruding edge 22, and the connecting edge 21 is fixedly connected with the supporting edge 19, and the protruding edge 22 and the fixed edge 18 of the first angle iron member 17 are mutually connected Parallel and spaced apart, the protruding edge 22 projects upwardly and is inserted into the opening of the h-shaped member 13, thereby suspending the groove (ie, the opening) of the h-shaped member as the first connecting member on the connecting rod, as shown in 9 and Figure 12 are shown.
  • angle iron member is not limited to the material being iron, and the material of the angle iron member may be various metal materials (such as aluminum, which are suitable for application to the technical solution of the present invention. Steel, copper, etc. and/or non-metallic materials (such as various engineering plastics, etc.).
  • the connecting rod may include a base portion 14 that is attached to the load-bearing column 10, a support portion 15 extending perpendicularly from the base portion 14 from the base portion 14, and perpendicular to the support portion from the support portion 15. a raised portion 16 extending upwardly from the portion 15, the raised portion 16 being insertable into the opening of the h-shaped member 13, thereby suspending the recess (ie, the opening) of the h-shaped member as the first connecting member on the connecting rod As shown in Figure 12.
  • the connecting rod may also be an H-shaped angle steel, and one side projection of the H-shaped angle steel can be inserted into the opening of the h-shaped member 13 as the first connecting member.
  • the so-called fixed connection can be either a detachable fixed connection (for example, by bolting or the like) or a non-detachable fixed connection (such as welding, bonding or riveting, etc.).
  • the fixed connection is a detachable fixed connection to facilitate disassembly, assembly and maintenance of the wall structure and to facilitate replenishment of the insulation material within the wall structure.
  • the wall structure formed by the above mechanical connection has a high structural strength and high shock resistance.
  • the wall structure is formed as a straight wall, and the adjacent inner hanging plates 11 abut each other, and the adjacent outer hanging plates 12 abut each other.
  • the plurality of load-bearing columns 10 forming the straight wall are arranged in a straight line, and a straight wall can be formed according to a plurality of load-bearing columns 10 arranged in a straight line. Further, the inner hanging plate 11 and the outer hanging plate 12 are sequentially adjacent to each other to constitute an inner side surface and an outer side surface of the straight wall.
  • the spacing between adjacent two load-bearing columns 10 is
  • the wall structure includes at least mutual Two straight walls are formed between the corners, and on each of the straight walls, each of the second connecting members is connected to the plurality of load-bearing columns 10 horizontally, and the adjacent inner hanging plates 11 are adjacent to each other. Adjacent said outer panels 12 abut each other, and at the corners, adjacent inner panels 11 are adjacent (directly or indirectly) to each other, and adjacent outer panels 12 are also mutually (directly or indirectly) Ground) adjacent.
  • the inner hanging plate 11 and the outer hanging plate 12 form an inner wall surface and an outer wall surface of the wall structure. If the wall structure is not required to be renovated, the inner panel 11 and the outer panel 12 may be light panels.
  • the decorative surfaces are provided on the surfaces of the inner hanging plate 11 and/or the outer hanging plate 12. Therefore, after the assembly of the wall structure is completed, it is not necessary to perform any decoration on the hanging plate, and the wall structure conforming to the decorative requirements is directly formed.
  • the inner hanging plate 11 and/or the outer hanging plate 12 are made of refractory material, for example, stone, concrete, ceramic or glass, etc., and these materials and lightweight materials are also available. Composite panels for materials.
  • the hanging board 12 includes a laminated water permeable layer and a water impermeable layer that is in direct contact with the insulating material.
  • the water permeable layer is actually used as a water retaining layer, that is, the water permeable layer can absorb a certain amount of water, so that the space defined by the wall structure has a moisturizing effect, especially as a hanging plate inside the wall structure.
  • the impervious layer ensures that the interior of the wall structure remains dry to prevent adverse effects on the insulation of the insulation inside the wall structure.
  • the hanging plate outside the wall structure is provided with a water-permeable layer, so that a certain amount of moisture can be maintained or absorbed, so that the temperature of the space defined by the entire wall structure is not high, and the cooling is performed in the hot summer season. The effect is especially obvious.
  • the inner hanging plate 11 and/or the outer hanging plate 12 may be formed by splicing a single piece or a plurality of pieces.
  • the outer hanging board 12 includes a plurality of hanging board units 12' which are spliced together. This can be chosen based on the size of the hanging board and its application.
  • a seal is provided on the gap to seal the gap.
  • the seal may be a variety of rubber seals, or the seal may be a sealant (e.g., glass glue).
  • the insulating material located in the space between the load-bearing column 10, the inner hanging plate 11 and the outer hanging plate 12 may be various commonly used insulating materials such as asbestos.
  • the insulating material is an inorganic lightweight material and/or an inorganic-organic material comprising one or more of foamed cement, polyphenylene granules, mineral wool, ceramsite concrete, perlite, expanded vermiculite concrete.
  • Composite lightweight material These materials have a relatively long service life, so that the insulation material has a service life substantially similar to that of the overall wall structure, so that a good thermal insulation effect can be maintained during the use of the wall structure.
  • the insulating material is preferably made of a refractory material to increase the fire rating of the wall structure.
  • the wall structure further comprises a plurality of hollow tubes fixed between the load-bearing column 10, the inner hanging plate 11 and the outer hanging plate 12 In the space, and is insulated Surrounded by materials.
  • the hollow tube may be various pipe members, such as a hollow steel pipe, or a bamboo.
  • the plurality of hollow tubes may be disposed side by side in a space between the load-bearing column 10, the inner hanging plate 11 and the outer hanging plate 12, and fixedly coupled to the load-bearing column and/or the hanging plate.
  • the overall weight of the wall structure can be reduced, the consumption of the heat insulating material can be reduced, and the hollow tube is also advantageous for the heat preservation and heat insulation of the wall structure.
  • the wall structure provided by the invention combines the hanging plate and the heat insulating material between the hanging plates to achieve the effects of heat preservation, heat insulation and sound absorption as a whole. Moreover, it is also possible to decorate the hanging plate so that the decorative effect of the wall structure can be simultaneously achieved.
  • the present invention also provides a method of constructing a wall structure, and a method of constructing the wall structure will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Since the construction process of the wall structure has been described to some extent in the above description of the wall structure, the description of the method of constructing the wall structure is slightly simplified, and the duplicated contents are omitted.
  • the method of constructing a wall structure according to the present invention comprises the following steps:
  • the insulating material is filled in the space between the load-bearing column 10, the inner hanging plate 11 and the outer hanging plate 12.
  • at least two load-bearing columns 10 are set up at predetermined locations, such as by stacking, welding steel columns, etc., to establish the load-bearing columns 10.
  • the inner side panel 11 and the outer side panel 12 can be pre-machined at a processing location such as a factory.
  • a processing location such as a factory.
  • the hanging plates 11 and 12 are transported to a construction site where the above-described load-bearing column 10 is installed.
  • the construction method provided by the present invention is relatively simple. After the inner hanging plate 11 and the outer hanging plate 12 are respectively connected to the load-bearing column 10, the inner hanging plate 11 constitutes the inner side surface of the wall structure, and the outer hanging plate 12 constitutes the wall body. The outer side of the structure is then filled with a heat insulating material in the space between the load-bearing column 10, the inner hanging plate 11 and the outer hanging plate 12.
  • the method does not require stacking work on both sides of the heat insulating material, but realizes the wall structure by a simple assembly process, and thus the construction efficiency is high. Further, the thickness of the inner hanging plate 11 and the outer hanging plate 12 can be relatively thin, so that the thickness of the heat insulating material can be made thicker, thereby obtaining a better heat insulating effect. Moreover, the load-bearing column 10 is used to realize the load capacity of the entire wall structure, and the wall structure has high structural strength and stability.
  • the hanging plate can be connected to the load-bearing column 10 in various ways, such as bonding, splicing, and the like.
  • the constructing method further includes: in the step (2), providing a first connecting member having a protrusion or a groove on the inner hanging plate 11 and the outer hanging plate 12 on the load-bearing column 10 Providing a second connecting member having a groove or a projection, the inner hanging plate 11 and the outer hanging plate 12 being connected to each other by fitting corresponding grooves and projections of the first connecting member and the second connecting member to each other The load bearing column 10.
  • the assembly relationship between the inner hanging plate 11 and the outer hanging plate 12 and the load-bearing column 10 has been described in detail in the above description of the wall structure, and will not be described herein.
  • This embodiment is for explaining the wall hanging board provided by the present invention.
  • silica sand having an average particle diameter of 200 ⁇
  • 6 parts by weight of an epoxy resin binder (Guangzhou Sika Building Materials Co., Ltd., Sika 731) were uniformly mixed to obtain a material for a water-absorbing surface layer.
  • the amount of the material obtained in the steps (1) and (2) was such that the thickness of the surface layer of the obtained sheet was 0.8 cm, and the thickness of the bottom layer was 2.2 cm.
  • This embodiment is for explaining the wall hanging board provided by the present invention.
  • silica sand average particle diameter of 100 ⁇
  • 5 parts by weight of epoxy resin binder (Guangzhou Sika Building Materials Co., Ltd., Sika 731), and 5 parts by weight of unsaturated resin binder (Tianjin Aobang Resin Co., Ltd., 1680, 5 parts by weight of polyurethane resin binder (Watan Chemicals (Guangzhou) Co., Ltd., ws-5000) and 0.0005 parts by weight of anti-aging agent (Guangzhou Zhiyi Chemical Co., Ltd.)
  • anti-yellowing agent V85-P is evenly mixed to obtain a material for the water-absorbing surface layer.
  • This embodiment is for explaining the wall hanging board provided by the present invention.
  • silica sand average particle diameter of 400 ⁇
  • epoxy resin binder Guangzhou Sika Building Materials Co., Ltd., Sika 731
  • polyurethane resin The agent (Watana Chemicals Co., Ltd., ws-5000) is uniformly mixed to obtain a material for the water-absorbing surface layer.
  • the materials obtained in the steps (1) and (2) were added in such a manner that the surface layer of the obtained sheet had a thickness of 1 cm and the thickness of the underlayer was 3 cm, and the thickness of the coating layer was such that the thickness of the anti-aging layer was 50 ⁇ m.
  • Example 4
  • This embodiment is for explaining the wall hanging board provided by the present invention.
  • silica sand average particle diameter of 60 ⁇
  • epoxy resin binder Guangzhou Sika Building Materials Co., Ltd., Sika 731
  • polyurethane resin The agent (Watana Chemicals Co., Ltd., ws-5000) is uniformly mixed to obtain a material for the water-absorbing surface layer.
  • the materials obtained in the steps (1) and (2) were added in such a manner that the thickness of the surface layer of the obtained sheet was 0.5 cm, and the thickness of the underlayer was 3.5 cm, and the amount of the coating was such that the thickness of the anti-aging layer was 80 ⁇ m.
  • Example 5 The materials obtained in the steps (1) and (2) were added in such a manner that the thickness of the surface layer of the obtained sheet was 0.5 cm, and the thickness of the underlayer was 3.5 cm, and the amount of the coating was such that the thickness of the anti-aging layer was 80 ⁇ m.
  • This embodiment is for explaining the wall hanging board provided by the present invention.
  • silica sand average particle diameter of 260 ⁇
  • epoxy resin binder Guangzhou Sika Building Materials Co., Ltd., Sika 731
  • anti-aging agent Guangzhou Zhiyi Chemical Co., Ltd., anti-yellowing agent V85-P
  • the amount of the material obtained in the steps (1) and (2) was such that the thickness of the surface layer of the obtained sheet was 0.2 cm, and the thickness of the bottom layer was 1.5 cm.
  • This embodiment is for explaining the wall hanging board provided by the present invention.
  • silica sand average particle diameter of 120 ⁇
  • flame retardant aluminum hydroxide, average particle diameter of 20 ⁇
  • epoxy resin binder Guangzhou Sika Building Materials Co., Ltd., Sika 731
  • This embodiment is for explaining the wall hanging board provided by the present invention.
  • silica sand average particle diameter of 70 ⁇ m
  • flame retardant antimony trioxide, average particle diameter of 10 ⁇ m
  • 10 parts by weight of epoxy resin binder Guangzhou Sika Building Materials Co., Ltd., Sika 731
  • 5 parts by weight of unsaturated resin binder Teianjin Aobang Resin Co., Ltd., 1680 mixed uniformly, obtained water absorption
  • the materials obtained in the steps (1) and (2) were added in such a manner that the thickness of the surface layer of the obtained sheet was 1.0 cm, and the thickness of the bottom layer was 4.0 cm.
  • the wall panels A1-A7 obtained in Examples 1-7 were weighed separately, then immersed in water, removed from the water, placed until water was not dripped, and weighed again to determine the water content.
  • the water content coefficient of the dough layer is compared with the volume of the water-absorbing top layer of the wall panel.
  • the surface layer, the bottom layer, and the seepage coefficient of the anti-aging layer of the wall panel A1-A7 were respectively inspected using an automatic pressurized concrete water permeability tester (Tianjin Building Materials Apparatus Co., Ltd., HP-30).
  • the thermal conductivity of the wall-mounted panels A1-A7 was measured by a thermal conductivity tester (Tianjin Yingbeier Development Co., Ltd., Division, imDRY3001-II). The results are shown in Table 1 below.
  • the thermal conductivity of the wall hanging plate provided by the present invention can meet the requirements, and the water content coefficient of the water-absorbing surface layer, the seepage coefficient and the seepage coefficient of the waterproof bottom layer can also meet the requirements, thereby making the wall
  • the body hanging plate evaporates the moisture in the surface layer when the temperature of the air rises, and takes away a large amount of heat of the wall body to lower the room temperature, further reducing the living energy consumption of the building.
  • the wall hanging board of the invention when used as a wall hanging board (including an anti-aging agent or an anti-aging layer in the surface layer), the wall hanging board can also significantly improve the ability to resist natural erosion and improve the hanging board. Service life;
  • the wall hanging board of the present invention is used as a wall inner hanging board, when the surface layer contains a flame retardant, the fireproof performance and safety of the hanging board can be remarkably improved.

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Description

一种墙体挂板和墙体结构 技术领域
本发明涉及一种墙体挂板和一种墙体结构。 背景技术
在全世界能源消耗中， 建筑物的生活能源消耗占有很大的比 (列， 因此， 建筑节能是 节能工作的重点之一。
目前常规使用的建筑村料主要为陶瓷砖、 涂料、 油漆等。 这些建筑村料具有抵御自 然界 （风、 雨和雪等） 的侵袭， 同时还能够防止太阳辐射、 噪声的干扰并具有防风、 防 水等作用。 但传统的建筑村料的保温、 隔热、 隔声等效果较差， 并且易于脱落。
CN 2521284Y中公开了一种复合保温外墙体， 该墙体包括结构层、 保温层和边侧保 温层， 其中， 所述保温层在结构层内进厅相接， 所述边侧保温层与结构层三面相接。 这 种保温外墙体的保温效果较好， 并且不易于脱落。 但这种墙体挂板不能够对墙体及室内 的温度进厅调节， 从而在节能减排方面的效果仍不理想。
中国实用新型专利 CN 201268902 Y公开了一种夹层保温墙体结构， 所述夹层保温 墙体结构的技术方案为： 梁、 柱之间设置有保温板， 在该保温板的内外两侧分别设置有 砌块， 在梁和柱的外侧贴上保温板， 在梁和柱之间的砌块外侧固定吊挂钢索。
然而， 上述夹层保温墙体结构的缺陷在于， 由于在保温板的内外两侧堆砌有砌块， 因而， 上述墙体结构在构建时， 需要在现场进厅大量的堆砌工作， 耗工耗时。 而且， 在 上述墙体结构的宽度方向上， 保温板相对于砌块来说厚度非常薄， 因而， 这种夹层保温 墙体结构的保温效果较为有限。
因而， 急需开发一种新型的墙体挂板和墙体结构， 以降低建筑物的生活能耗。 发明内容
本发明的目的是为了克服现有的墙体挂板存在的节能效果差的缺点， 提供一种能够 有效地降低建筑物的生活能耗的墙体挂板和墙体结构。
本发明提供了一种墙体挂板， 一种墙体挂板， 其中， 该墙体挂板包括板状物和支撑 体， 所述支撑体嵌在所述板状物中， 所述板状物包括吸水性面层和防水性底层。
本发明还提供了一种墙体结构， 该墙体结构包括：
多根承重柱：
内墙面和外墙面， 该内墙面和外墙面彼此平 ί亍地固定布置在所述承重柱的相反的两 测， 所述内墙面包括内侧挂板， 所述外墙面包括外侧挂板：
保温村料， 该保温村料填充在所述内墙面和外墙面之间的空间中：
其中， 所述外侧挂板为本发明提供的墙体挂板， 该墙体挂板的所述吸水面层朝向所 述外墙面的外侧： 和 /或 所述内侧挂板为本发明提供的墙体挂板， 该墙体挂板的所述吸水面层朝向所述内墙 面的内侧。
本发明提供的墙体挂板除了具有保暖性能以外， 还能够调节墙体及室内的温度， 当 用作墙体的外侧挂板时， 在雨天或空气中的水含量较大时， 所述墙体挂板的面层中可含 有部分的水份， 同时由于底层具有防水性， 保证了水分不会通过底层而进入墙体而仅保 持在面层中， 当空气的温度上升时所述面层中水分的蒸发， 带走墙体大量的热量从而降 低室温， 当非雨天可以通过人工浇水使墙体含水， 达到降温的目的； 同样当用作墙体的 内侧挂板时， 当室内空气中的水含量较大时， 所述墙体挂板的吸水性面层可吸收部分的 水份， 同时由于底层具有防水性， 保证了水分不会通过底层而进入墙体而仅保持在面层 中， 当空气较为干燥时所述吸水性面层中水分的蒸发出， 因此， 能够对室内空气的湿度 进行调节， 从而在保证保暖性能的同时， 进一步地降低了建筑物的生活能耗。
此外， 本发明所提供的墙体结构相对简单， 在施工现场能够在较短时间内完成对墙 体结构的构建， 构建效率较高。 而且， 内侧挂板和外侧挂板的厚度与保温材料的厚度相 比相对较薄， 因而能够获得较厚的保温材料， 进而能够获得较好的保温效果。 附图说明
图 1为实施例 1-2和 5-7制得的墙体挂板的结构示意图；
图 2为实施例 3和 4制得的墙体挂板的结构示意图；
图 3为实施例 1-7制得的墙体挂板中支撑体 3的设置示意图；
图 4为实施例 1-7制得的墙体挂板中支撑体 3的连接示意图；
图 5为本发明实施例 1-7使用的连接部件 5的结构示意图；
图 6为本发明所述的连接部件 5的另一种结构示意图；
图 7为本发明所述的连接部件 5的另一种结构示意图；
图 8为本发明所述的连接部件 5的另一种结构示意图；
图 9为根据本发明一种优选实施方式的墙体结构的立体图；
图 10为图 9中所示墙体结构的正视图；
图 11为图 9中所示墙体结构的俯视图；
图 12为图 9中虚线表示的圆圈部分的放大视图；
图 13为本发明另一实施方式的墙体结构在所述圆圈部分的放大视图。 具体实施方式
如图 1所示， 本发明提供了一种墙体挂板， 其中， 该墙体挂板包括板状物和支撑体 3， 所述支撑体 3嵌在所述板状物中， 所述板状物包括吸水性面层 1和防水性底层 2。
根据本发明， 所述吸水性面层 1的含水系数可以为 0.1-1.5克 /立方厘米， 渗流系数 可以为 0.5-15厘米 /秒； 所述防水性底层 2的渗流系数可以为 l x lO—6至 l x lO—12厘米 /秒。
根据本发明，所述含水系数是指单位体积内的最大含水质量（克 /立方厘米， g/cm3 ), 所述渗流系数是达西定律中表示常温下水在材料中渗透力的量度 （厘米 /秒， cm/s
根据本发明， 所述吸水性面层 1含有第一骨料和第一粘结剂， 所述吸水性骨料和第 一粘结剂的含量比例可以在很大范围内改变， 优选情况下， 相对于 100重量份的第一骨 料， 所述第一粘结剂的含量为 1-30重量份， 更优选为 5-15重量份。所述第一骨料的种类 没有特别的限制， 例如， 可以为硅砂和 /或玻璃微珠； 并且所述第一骨料的平均粒子直径 可以在很大范围内改变， 优选情况下， 所述第一骨料的平均粒子直径为 20-900μηι， 更优 选为 40-140μηι， 在该平均粒子直径范围内能够使所述吸水性面层 1具有更好的吸水性能 和渗水性能。
所述第一粘结剂可以为环氧树脂粘结剂， 也可以为环氧树脂粘结剂与不饱和树脂粘 结剂和 /或聚氨脂树脂粘结剂的混合物， 相对于 100重量份的环氧树脂粘结剂， 所述不饱 和树脂粘结剂和 /或聚氨脂树脂粘结剂的含量为 1-100重量份。 本发明人意外地发现， 使 用环氧树脂粘结剂与不饱和树脂粘结剂和 /或聚氨脂树脂粘结剂的混合物能够使吸水性 面层 1的强度显著地提高。
所述环氧树脂粘结剂可以通过商购得到， 例如， 广州西卡建筑材料有限公司生产的 牌号为 Sika 731的环氧树脂粘结剂， 所述不饱和树脂粘结剂可以通过商购得到， 例如， 天津奥邦树脂有限公司生产的 168f型号的不饱和树脂粘结剂， 所述聚氨脂树脂粘结剂可 以通过商购得到， 例如， 渡边化学品 （广州） 有限公司公司生产的 ws-5000型号的聚氨 脂树脂粘结剂。
根据本发明， 所述墙体挂板可以用作建筑物墙体外侧挂板和 /或建筑物墙体内侧挂 板， 当所述墙体挂板用作墙体外侧挂板时， 为了进一步提高所述墙体挂板抗自然界侵蚀 的能力， 所述吸水性面层 1还可以含有防老剂， 所述防老剂的含量可以在很大范围内改 变， 优选情况下， 相对于 100重量份的第一骨料， 所述防老剂的含量为 0.0001-0.006重 量份， 更优选为 0.0005-0.001重量份。
如图 2所示， 在另一种实施方式中， 还可以通过在所述吸水性面层 1上形成防老层
4的方式，来提高所述墙体挂板抗自然界侵蚀的能力，所述防老层 4的渗水性能可以在很 大范围内改变， 只要能够允许水分进入吸水性面层 1 即可， 优选情况下， 所述防老层 4 的渗流系数为 0.5-15厘米 /秒， 所述防老层 4的厚度可以为 1-100μηι。
本发明中， 所述防老层 4可以含有防老剂和第三粘结剂， 所述防老剂和第三粘结剂 的含量可以在很大范围内改变， 优选情况下， 相对于 100重量份的第三粘结剂， 所述防 老剂的含量为 0.01-5重量份， 更优选为 0.05-3重量份， 所述第三粘结剂为环氧树脂粘结 剂，或者为环氧树脂粘结剂与不饱和树脂粘结剂和 /或聚氨脂树脂粘结剂的混合物，例如， 天津奥邦树脂有限公司生产的 168f型号的不饱和树脂粘结剂， 渡边化学品 （广州） 有限 公司公司生产的 ws-5000型号的聚氨脂树脂粘结剂。 所述防老剂的种类为本领域技术人 员所公知，可以通过商购得到，例如，广州志一化工有限公司的抗黄变剂 UV30和 V85-P。
根据本发明， 当所述墙体挂板用作墙体内侧挂板时， 为了进一步提高所述墙体挂板 的安全性， 所述吸水性面层 1还可以含有阻燃剂， 所述阻燃剂的含量可以在很大范围内 改变， 为了即保证阻燃性又不影响吸水性面层 1 的吸水性能， 优选情况下， 相对于 100 重量份的第一骨料， 所述阻燃剂的含量为 1-60重量份。
所述阻燃剂的种类为本领域技术人员所公知， 例如， 可以为氢氧化铝、 氢氧化镁、 含磷阻燃剂、 含氯阻燃剂、 三氧化锑和三氧化钼中的一种或几种。 所述阻燃剂的平均粒 子直径可以在很大范围内改变， 优选情况下， 所述阻燃剂的平均粒子直径可以为 45μηι 以下。 所述含磷阻燃剂和含氯阻燃剂的种类为本领域技术人员所公知， 可以通过商购得 至 IJ， 例如， 江苏雅克科技股份有限公司生产的 Yoke TPP型含磷阻燃剂， 青岛玉洲化工有 限公司生产的氯化石蜡等。
本发明中， 所述防水性底层 2可以含有第二骨料、 第三骨料和第二粘结剂， 所述第 二骨料、第三骨料和第二粘结剂的含量可以在很大范围内改变， 优选情况下， 相对于 100 重量份的第二骨料， 所述第三骨料的含量为 1-20重量份， 所述第二粘结剂的含量为 1-40 重量份。
所述第二骨料的种类没有特别的限制， 例如， 可以为防水砂， 所述第二骨料可以通 过商购得到， 例如， 北京仁创科技集团有限公司生产防水砂 STS-303。 此外， 所述第二 骨料的平均粒子直径可以在很大范围内改变， 优选情况下， 所述第二骨料的平均粒子直 径可以为 50-150μηι。
所述第三骨料的种类没有特别的限制， 例如， 可以为聚苯颗粒、 陶粒、 珍珠岩和蛭 石中的一种或多种， 所述第三骨料的平均粒子直径可以在很大范围内改变， 优选情况下， 所述第三骨料的平均粒子直径可以为 l-20mm。
根据本发明， 所述第二粘结剂可以为无机粘结剂和 /或有机粘结剂，所述无机粘结剂 的种类为本领域技术人员所公知， 例如， 可以为水泥和 /或水玻璃， 所述无机粘结剂可以 通过商购得到， 例如， 拉法基公司生产的 425#型号的水泥。
所述有机粘结剂的种类为本领域技术人员所公知，例如，可以为有机硅树脂粘结剂， 所述有机粘结剂可以通过商购得到， 例如， 道康宁公司生产的 CN-8603型号的有机硅树 脂粘结剂等。
本发明中， 所述墙体挂板的大小没有特别的限制， 只要便于安装即可， 所述吸水性 面层 1和防水性底层 2的厚度没有特别的限制， 根据墙体挂板使用地域条件的不同而可 以在很大范围内改变， 例如， 在空气湿度较大的地区， 可以适当增加吸水性面层 1 的厚 度， 在高寒地区， 则可以适当增加防水性底层 2的厚度以提高保温效果， 考虑到墙体挂 板的重量以及生产成本， 优选情况下， 所述吸水性面层 1的厚度可以为 l-20mm， 所述防 水性底层 2的厚度可以为 10-50mm。
根据本发明， 所述支撑体 3包括相互交叉固定连接或形成一体结构的多个支撑杆， 所述支撑体 3可以呈 "井"字状分布 （如图 3所示）。 根据本发明， 所述墙体挂板还包括嵌 在板状物内的一个或多个连接部件 5， 所述连接部件 5具有第一孔 7、第二孔 8和第三孔 9， 所述第一孔 7、 第二孔 8和第三孔 9的中心线彼此垂直， 一个支撑杆插入或通过第一 孔 7， 另一个支撑杆插入或通过第二孔 8， 从而通过连接部件 5将多个支撑杆固定连接， 所述第三孔 9用于固定紧固件， 所述墙体挂板通过紧固件与承重柱 10连接。通过连接部 件 5使所述多个支撑杆彼此连接（如图 4所示）， 使支撑体 3的材料选择不受到加工工艺 的限制。
所述连接部件 5的种类没有特别的限制， 只要能够将所述多个支撑杆连接到一起即 可。
如图 5-图 8所示， 在一种优选的实施方式中， 所述连接部件 5可以包括本体 6、 用 于固定支撑体 3的第一孔 7和第二孔 8， 其中， 所述第一孔 7和第二孔 8位于本体 6中， 并且第一孔 7和第二孔 8彼此分隔开。
所述第一孔 7和第二孔 8可以是通孔， 也可以使盲孔， 只要能够将多个支撑杆固定 在一起即可， 优选情况下， 所述第一孔 7和第二孔 8是通孔。 所述第一孔 7和第二孔 8 的中心线之间的角度没有特别的限制，可以根据所述支撑杆的走向而在很大范围内改变， 例如， 所述第一孔 7和第二孔 8的中心线可以彼此垂直、彼此平行或以其他的角度排列， 优选情况下，所述第一孔 7和第二孔 8的中心线彼此垂直，从而能够使所述支撑体 3呈"井" 字状分布。
所述连接部件 5的本体 6的形状没有特别的限制， 例如， 所述本体 6可以为球体、 椭圆体、 长方体或正方体， 优选情况下， 所述本体 6为正方体。
根据本发明， 所述墙体挂板可以通过各种本领域公知的方式设置在墙体上， 例如， 通过粘贴的方式。 为了便于所述墙体挂板在建筑物上的固定， 优选情况下， 所述连接部 件 5的本体 6还可以具有第三孔 9，第三孔 9用于固定紧固件，所述墙体挂板通过紧固件 与墙体连接。
所述第一孔 7、 第二孔 8和第三孔 9的中心线之间的角度没有特别的限制， 只要便 于将所述墙体挂板固定在建筑物上即可， 优选情况下， 所述第一孔 7、第二孔 8和第三孔 9的中心线彼此垂直。
所述紧固件的种类为本领域技术人员所公知， 例如， 可以为螺钉、 螺杆、 铆钉和背 栓中的一种或多种。
所述墙体挂板的制备方法没有特别的限制， 例如， 可以分别将吸水性面层 1和防水 性底层 2的材料加入到模具中， 设置支撑体 3， 固化， 所述支撑体 3设置在所述吸水性面 层 1或防水性底层 2中， 或者设置在所述吸水性面层 1和防水性底层 2之间。
所述吸水性面层 1的材料、 防水性底层 2的材料和支撑体 3的材料和含量在上文中 已有记载， 在此不再赘述。 根据本发明， 所述支撑体 3的设置方式没有特别的限制， 优选情况下， 所述支撑体 3均匀地设置在所述吸水性面层 1中或设置在所述防水性底层 2中，或者均匀地设置在所 述吸水性面层 1和所述防水性底层 2之间， 例如， 所述支撑体 3可以呈 "井"字状分布。
优选情况下， 所述多个支撑杆通过连接部件 5彼此连接， 通过连接部件 5使所述多 个支撑杆彼此连接， 使支撑体 3的材料选择不受到加工工艺的限制。 所述连接部件 5的 种类没有特别的限制， 只要能够将所述多个支撑杆连接到一起即可。 优选使用本发明提 供的连接部件 5， 所述连接部件 5的结构如上文所述， 在此不再赘述。
根据本发明， 所述固化的方法没有特别的限制， 只要能够使吸水性面层 1和防水性 底层 2固化即可， 优选情况下， 可以通过加热固化和 /或微波固化的方法进行固化， 优选 通过加热固化的方式进行固化， 所述固化的温度为 20-120°C， 固化的时间为 1-24小时。
本发明还提供了一种墙体结构， 下面参考附图对本发明的具体实施方式进行详细地 描述。
如图 9至图 11所示， 根据本发明的墙体结构包括：
多根承重柱 10;
内墙面和外墙面， 该内墙面和外墙面彼此平行地固定布置在所述承重柱 10 的相反 的两侧， 所述内墙面包括内侧挂板 11， 所述外墙面包括外侧挂板 12;
保温材料 （未显示）， 该保温材料填充在所述内墙面和外墙面之间的空间中； 其中， 所述外侧挂板 12为本发明提供的墙体挂板， 该墙体挂板的所述吸水面层朝 向所述外墙面的外侧； 和 /或
所述内侧挂板 11 为本发明提供的墙体挂板， 该墙体挂板的所述吸水面层朝向所述 内墙面的内侧。
当本发明提供的墙体挂板用作外侧挂板时， 为了进一步提高所述墙体挂板抗自然界 侵蚀的能力， 所述吸水性面层 1优选还可以含有防老剂， 或者在所述吸水性面层 1上设 置防老层 4;所述防老剂的种类和含量、以及防老层 4的组成和厚度等在上文中已有描述， 在此不再赘述。
当本发明提供的墙体挂板用作内侧挂板时， 为了进一步提高所述墙体挂板的安全 性， 所述吸水性面层 1优选还含有阻燃剂， 所述阻燃剂的种类和含量在上文中已有描述， 在此不再赘述。
完成建造后， 承重柱 10通常可以竖直设立在地面上， 这里所谓的地面应该做较宽 范围的解释， 即该地面不仅包括大地 （承重柱 10可以直接设立的大地上）， 还包括任何 建筑基础， 如高层建筑楼宇中的任意一层的地面。承重柱 10可以通过多种方式设立在地 面上， 如预先埋设， 在地面上堆砌而成等， 还可以在地面上直接焊接钢管而形成承重柱 10。 承重柱 10的主要作用在于支撑并承载重力载荷， 因而承重柱 10通常具有较高的结 构强度。
承重柱 10为多个， 如两个、 三个 （如图 9所示） 或更多个。 承重柱 10可以为各种 形式的承重柱， 如钢管混凝土结构或钢结构。承重柱 10的截面形状可以为任意合适的形 状， 如多边形。 但优选地， 为了便于与内侧挂板 11和外侧挂板 12 (直接地或间接地）相 连接， 承重柱 10的截面形状为矩形， 如图 9所示。
为了便于墙体结构的设置， 两个相邻的承重柱 10之间的距离可以为 2米至 5米， 更优选地可以为 3米至 4米。 当然， 根据不同的应用场合， 承重柱 10自身的结构参数以 及两个相邻的承重柱 10之间的间距都可以有所不同。
本发明所涉及的墙体结构的应用场合包括但不限于： 利用多根承重柱 10 以及分别 包括内侧挂板和外侧挂板的内墙面和外墙面来形成墙体结构， 以便于对建筑物的内部空 间进行分隔。
与传统的墙体结构不同， 本发明的墙体结构的内墙面与外墙面是通过内侧挂板 11 和外侧挂板 12来形成的。 通常， 将内侧挂板 11固定设置在承重柱 10的内侧上， 从而能 够形成内墙面； 将外侧挂板 12固定设置在承重柱 10的外侧上， 从而形成外墙面。 下面 将对内侧挂板 11和外侧挂板 12进行详细地描述。
如上所述， 内侧挂板 11和外侧挂板 12分别固定设置在承重柱 10的内侧和外侧上， 从而形成内墙面和外墙面， 并且在内墙面、 外墙面之间形成空间。 该空间用于容纳所述 保温材料， 从而允许本发明所提供的墙体结构具有较好的保温效果。
优选地， 为了获得较好的保温效果， 所述内墙面和外墙面距离为 15cm至 30cm， 从 而允许保温材料所形成的保温层的厚度为 15cm至 30cm。 进一步优选地， 上述内墙面和 外墙面距离为 20cm至 25cm。
内侧挂板 11和外侧挂板 12可以预先在生产地点 （如工厂） 制成。 当需要进行组装 墙体结构时，再将内侧挂板 11和外侧挂板 12运送到施工现场，即承重柱 10所在的场所。 因此， 利用本发明的技术方案能够縮小现场施工所进行的工序和时间， 从而能够提高所 述墙体结构的构建效率。
而且， 通过将内侧挂板 11和外侧挂板 12连接在承重柱 10上后， 则形成位于内墙 面和外墙面之间的空间， 即形成容纳保温材料的空间， 将保温材料填充到该空间即可制 得所述墙体结构。 因而， 该构建过程工艺简单， 操作方便， 也同样能够提高构建墙体的 构建效率。
容纳保温材料的空间的底部可以为地面， 或者还可以另外设置底部密封件 （未显 示）， 以防止保温材料从内侧挂板 11和外侧挂板 12的底部泄露出来。 而所述空间的顶部 可以为开放的， 也可以优选设置有顶盖 （未显示）， 以将所述空间密封起来。 这些都可以 根据具体的应用场合而加以选择。
如上所述， 内侧挂板 11可以为一个， 也可以为多个； 外侧挂板 12可以为一个， 也 可以为多个。
当内侧挂板 11和外侧挂板 12均为一个时， 通过将一个内侧挂板 11固定设置在承 重柱 10的内侧， 从而形成内墙面， 在该情况下， 内墙面包括一个内侧挂板 11 ; 通过将一 个外侧挂板 12固定设置在承重墙 10的外侧， 从而形成外墙面， 在该情况下， 外墙面包 括一个外侧挂板 12。 但本发明并不限于此种情况， 例如， 内墙面可以包括多个内侧挂板 11， 而外墙面可 以包括一个外侧挂板 12; 或者内墙面可以包括一个内侧挂板 11， 而外墙面可以包括多个 外侧挂板； 或者， 内墙面可以包括多个内侧挂板 11， 而外墙面可以包括多个外侧挂板。
为了形成内墙面和外墙面， 内侧挂板 11和外侧挂板 12可以通过多种方式连接到承 重柱 10上。 例如， 可以通过粘结剂将所述挂板粘接在承重柱 10上； 或者利用榫卯连接 的方式将所述挂板装配在所述承重柱 10上等。
但为了更为可靠且牢固地将所述挂板 （包括内侧挂板 11和外侧挂板 12) 连接在承 重柱 10上， 优选地， 所述墙体结构还包括连接件， 内侧挂板 11和外侧挂板 12通过所述 连接件固定在承重柱 10上。 例如， 连接件可以为紧固件 （如螺栓、 螺钉或铆钉）。 优选 地， 可以利用连接件将内侧挂板 11和外侧挂板 12可拆卸地固定设置在承重柱 10的两侧 上。
例如， 对于相邻的两个承重柱 10之间的内墙面和外墙面分别包括一个内侧挂板 11 和一个外侧挂板 12的情形， 所述内侧挂板 11和外侧挂板 12上均设置有第一连接件， 所 述承重柱 10上设置有第二连接件， 所述第一连接件和第二连接件中的一者具有凸起， 另 一者具有凹槽， 通过将所述凹槽挂在所述凸起上， 从而利用所述第一连接件和第二连接 件将所述内侧挂板 11和外侧挂板 12与相邻的两个承重柱 10固定连接。
例如， 第一连接件可以具有凸起， 如挂钩； 而第二连接件可以具有凹槽， 如挂槽。 因此， 通过将挂钩挂在挂槽中， 从而实现第一连接件与第二连接件的可拆卸的固定连接， 进而实现内侧挂板 11和外侧挂板 12分别与承重柱 10的固定连接。 而且， 利用凸起和凹 槽的装配关系， 能够快速且方便地实现内侧挂板 11和外侧挂板 12分别与承重柱 10的固 定连接。
再如， 该墙体结构还包括固定在相邻的两个承重柱 10之间的连接杆， 两个承重柱 10之间的内墙面和外墙面分别包括多个内侧挂板 11和多个外侧挂板 12; 每个内侧挂板 11和外侧挂板 12均包括具有凹槽的第一连接件，所述凹槽挂在所述连接杆上，从而利用 所述第一连接件将所述内侧挂板 11和外侧挂板 12与所述两个承重柱 10固定连接。
在内墙面或外墙面分别具有多个内侧挂板 11和外侧挂板 12的情况中， 为了便于两 个承重柱 10之间的内侧挂板 11和外侧挂板 12的设置连接， 在相邻的两个承重柱 10之 间固定有连接杆。所述多个内侧挂板 11和外侧挂板 12上均包括具有凹槽的第一连接件， 将所述凹槽挂在所述连接杆上， 从而分别将所述内侧挂板 11和外侧挂板 12固定到连接 杆上，进而与所述承重柱 10可拆卸地固定连接。实际上，连接杆能够相当于凸起的作用， 以便于第一连接件的凹槽的挂靠。
连接杆可以为多个， 在两个相邻的承重柱 10 的外侧可以固定设置多个连接杆， 用 于分别设置多个外侧挂板 12; 在两个相邻的承重柱 10的内侧可以固定设置多个连接杆， 用于分别设置多个内侧挂板 11。
根据不同的设置方式， 连接杆可以具有不同的连接方式。 连接杆可以为单根杆， 也 可以为多个短杆彼此连接的连接杆。 连接杆可以倾斜于水平方向延伸， 但优选情况下， 连接杆沿水平方向延伸， 以方便各个挂板的挂置。
所述第一连接件的凹槽可以具有多种形式。 例如， 如图 9至图 13所示， 最好由图 11和图 12所示， 所述第一连接件可以为 h形件 13， 该 h形件 13设置在内侧挂板 11和 外侧挂板 12上且该 h形件 13的开口朝下， 从而形成所述凹槽。 该凹槽可以挂在连接杆 上， 从而利用 h形件 13的开口将所述挂板挂在所述连接杆上。
连接杆可以为各种截面形状的杆状件， 如矩形， 薄板状等。 但优选地， 可以使用角 铁作为连接杆。 由于角铁在工业中应用广泛， 因此连接杆的连接设置较为方便。 而且， 即便是拆卸下来后， 也不影响角铁在其他领域的应用， 从而能够节省成本。
例如， 连接杆可以包括： 第一角铁件 17， 该第一角铁件 17包括固定边 18和支撑边 19， 所述固定边 18 (固定） 贴合在承重柱 10上； 第二角铁件 20， 该第二角铁件 20包括 连接边 21和突出边 22， 所述连接边 21与支撑边 19固定连接， 所述突出边 22与所述第 一角铁件 17的固定边 18彼此平行且相互间隔，该突出边 22向上突出并插入所述 h形件 13的开口中， 从而将作为第一连接件的 h形件的凹槽 （即开口） 挂置在连接杆上， 如图 9和图 12所示。
虽然在说明书中描述为"角铁件"， 但这里的角铁件不限于材料为铁， 所述角铁件的 材料可以为适于应用于本发明技术方案的各种金属材料 （如铝、 钢、 铜等） 和 /或非金属 材料 （如各种工程塑料等）。
作为另一种可选择的方式， 连接杆可以包括贴合在承重柱 10上的基底部 14， 从该 基底部 14垂直于基底部 14延伸的支撑部 15， 以及从支撑部 15垂直于该支撑部 15向上 延伸的凸起部 16， 该凸起部 16能够插入 h形件 13的开口中， 从而将作为第一连接件的 h形件的凹槽 （即开口） 挂置在连接杆上， 如图 12所示。
另外， 所述连接杆还可以为 H型角钢， 该 H型角钢的一侧凸起能够插入作为第一 连接件的 h形件 13的开口之中。
在上述连接方式中， 所谓的固定连接既可以是可拆卸的固定连接 （例如， 通过螺栓 连接等）， 也可以是不可拆卸的固定连接 （如焊接、 粘结或铆接等）。 根据具体的应用场 合加以选择。 但优选地， 上述固定连接为可拆卸的固定连接， 从而方便对墙体结构进行 拆卸、 装配和维护， 还能够便于对墙体结构内的保温材料进行补充。
而且， 利用上述机械连接方式形成的所述墙体结构， 结构强度较高， 具有较高的抗 震性。
根据本发明的一种实施方式， 所述墙体结构形成为直墙， 相邻的所述内侧挂板 11 彼此邻接， 相邻的所述外侧挂板 12彼此邻接。
也就是说， 形成该直墙的多个承重柱 10排列为一条直线， 根据排列为一条直线的 多个承重柱 10， 能够形成直墙。 而且， 所述内侧挂板 11和外侧挂板 12都依次邻接， 从 而构成该直墙的内侧面和外侧面。
为了便于设置承重柱 10， 优选地， 相邻的两个承重柱 10之间的间距为
根据本发明的另一种实施方式， 如图 9和图 11所示， 所述墙体结构至少包括相互 之间形成拐角的两个直墙， 在每个直墙上， 每个第二连接件都是水平延伸而连接到的多 个承重柱 10上， 相邻的所述内侧挂板 11彼此邻接， 相邻的所述外侧挂板 12彼此邻接， 并且在拐角处， 相邻的所述内侧挂板 11彼此（直接地或间接地）邻接， 相邻的外侧挂板 12也是彼此 （直接地或间接地） 邻接。
在完成所述墙体结构的装配之后， 所述内侧挂板 11和外侧挂板 12形成所述墙体结 构的内墙面和外墙面。 如果不需要对墙体结构进行装修， 则内侧挂板 11 和外侧挂板 12 可以为光板。
然而， 对于要求墙体结构具有较高装饰性的场合中， 优选地， 内侧挂板 11和 /或外 侧挂板 12的表面上设置有装饰图案。 因而， 完成所述墙体结构的装配之后， 不需要再对 所述挂板进行任何装饰， 而直接形成符合装饰性要求的墙体结构。
考虑到建筑物的防火要求， 优选地， 所述内侧挂板 11和 /或外侧挂板 12由耐火材料 制成， 例如可以为石材、 混凝土、 陶瓷或玻璃等， 还可以为这些材料与轻质材料的复合 挂板。
由于在所述挂板之间设置有保温材料， 为了尽可能地防止外界的湿气或水气进入保 温材料中， 而使保温材料的保温效果下降， 优选地， 内侧挂板 11和 /或外侧挂板 12包括 层叠的透水层和不透水层， 该不透水层与所述保温材料直接接触。
具体来说， 透水层其实用作保水层， 即该透水层能够吸收一定的水分， 从而使由上 述墙体结构所限定的空间具有保湿的作用， 尤其是作为墙体结构内侧的挂板优选设置有 透水层。 而不透水层能够确保墙体结构的内部保持干燥， 以防止对墙体结构内部的保温 材料的保温效果产生不良影响。 作为墙体结构外侧的挂板设置有透水层， 从而能够保持 或吸收一定的水分， 以使整个墙体结构所限定的空间的温度不会很高， 在夏天天气较热 的季节， 这种降温效果尤为明显。
所述内侧挂板 11和 /或外侧挂板 12可以为单块或者多块拼接而成， 如图 10所示， 外侧挂板 12包括多个相互拼接的多个挂板单元 12'。 这可以根据挂板的大小及其应用场 合而加以选择。优选地， 为了避免保温材料会通过挂板单元 12'之间的间隙或者相邻挂板 之间的间隙而泄露出来， 在上述间隙上设置密封件， 以将该间隙密封。 例如， 所述密封 件可以为各种橡胶密封条， 或者密封件为密封胶 （如玻璃胶）。
位于所述承重柱 10、内侧挂板 11和外侧挂板 12之间的空间的保温材料可以为各种 常用的保温材料， 如石棉等。
但优选地， 所述保温材料为包括发泡水泥、 聚苯颗粒、 矿物棉、 陶粒混凝土、 珍珠 岩、膨胀蛭石混凝土中的一种或多种的无机轻质材料和 /或无机-有机复合轻质材料。这些 材料具有相对较长的使用寿命， 因而该保温材料具有与整体墙体结构基本差不多的使用 寿命， 从而能够在墙体结构的使用过程中持续保持有良好的保温效果。
而且， 所述保温材料优选为耐火材料制成， 从而提高墙体结构的耐火等级。
优选地， 为了降低墙体结构的整体重量， 所述墙体结构还包括多个中空管， 该多个 中空管固定在所述承重柱 10、 内侧挂板 11和外侧挂板 12之间的空间中， 并被所述保温 材料包围。
所述中空管可以为各种管件， 如中空的钢管， 或者毛竹等。 所述多个中空管可以并 排地设置在所述承重柱 10、 内侧挂板 11和外侧挂板 12之间的空间中， 并固定连接于所 述承重柱和 /或所述挂板。
通过设置中空管， 能够使墙体结构的整体重量降低， 可以减少保温材料的消耗量， 而且中空管也有利于墙体结构的保温和隔热作用。
本发明所提供的墙体结构将所述挂板和在挂板之间的保温材料结合在一起， 在整体 上实现保温、 隔热、 吸音的效果。 而且， 还可以在挂板上进行装饰， 从而能够同时实现 墙体结构的装饰效果。
以上对本发明所提供的墙体结构的主要部件及其连接关系进行了详细地描述。 另 夕卜， 本发明还提供了一种墙体结构的构建方法， 下面结合附图对该墙体结构的构建方法 进行描述。 由于在上述关于墙体结构的描述中， 已经对墙体结构的构建过程做了一定程 度的描述， 因而在这里所述墙体结构的构建方法的描述略微简化， 并省略重复的内容。
根据本发明的墙体结构的构建方法包括如下步骤：
( 1 ) 在地面上竖直设立彼此间隔的至少两个承重柱 10;
(2)将内侧挂板 11和外侧挂板 12连接于所述承重柱 10， 所述内侧挂板 11位于所 述承重柱 10的内侧， 从而形成内墙面， 所述外侧挂板 12位于所述承重柱 10的外侧， 从 而形成外墙面； 以及
(3 )将保温材料填充在所述承重柱 10、 内侧挂板 11和外侧挂板 12之间的空间中。 如上所述， 在预定的地点设立至少两个承重柱 10， 例如通过堆砌、焊接钢柱等方法 而设立所述承重柱 10。
而内侧挂板 11和外侧挂板 12则可以在加工地点 （如工厂） 预先加工。 当需要构建 所述墙体结构时， 将所述挂板 11和 12运输到设立有上述承重柱 10的施工处。
本发明所提供的构建方法比较简单， 将内侧挂板 11和外侧挂板 12分别连接到承重 柱 10上后， 使内侧挂板 11构成墙体结构的内侧面， 而外侧挂板 12构成墙体结构的外侧 面， 然后将保温材料填充在所述承重柱 10、 内侧挂板 11和外侧挂板 12之间的空间中即 可。
所述方法不需要在保温材料两侧进行堆砌作业， 而是通过简单的装配过程来实现墙 体结构， 因而构建效率较高。 此外， 内侧挂板 11和外侧挂板 12的厚度可以相对较薄， 因而能够使得保温材料的厚度较厚， 从而获得较好的保温效果。 而且， 利用承重柱 10来 实现整个墙体结构的负载能力， 也使墙体结构具有较高的结构强度和稳定性。
如上所述， 所述挂板可以通过多种方式来实现与承重柱 10 的连接， 如粘结、 榫接 等。 但优选地， 所述构建方法还包括： 在步骤 （2) 中， 在所述内侧挂板 11和外侧挂板 12上设置具有凸起或凹槽第一连接件，在所述承重柱 10上设置具有凹槽或凸起第二连接 件， 通过使所述第一连接件和所述第二连接件的对应的凹槽和凸起相互配合而将内侧挂 板 11和外侧挂板 12连接于所述承重柱 10。 关于内侧挂板 11和外侧挂板 12与承重柱 10的装配关系， 在上述对墙体结构的描 述中已经进行了详细地描述， 这里不再赘述。
上文结合本发明的实施方式描述了本发明所提供的墙体结构以及墙体结构的构建 方法， 而且， 上述墙体结构以及构建方法的特征可以以任何合适的方式彼此相互组合、 搭配， 从而获得没有在本说明书中描述的其他实施方式。 此外， 本说明书应视为描述性 或解释性的， 而不是对本发明保护范围的限制。 而且， 本说明书中公开的各个特征并不 限于权利要求书中各个权利要求的引用关系， 而是可以以任意合适的方式单独和 /或组合 地结合在一起， 从而可以做出各种修改、 替换和变化。
下面通过实施例对本发明进行更加详细的说明。 实施例 1
本实施例用于说明本发明提供的墙体挂板。
( 1 ) 将 100重量份的硅砂 （平均粒子直径为 200μηι)、 6重量份的环氧树脂粘结剂 (广州西卡建筑材料有限公司， Sika 731 ) 混合均匀， 得到吸水性面层用材料。
(2)将 100重量份的防水砂（北京仁创科技集团有限公司， STS-303,平均粒子直径 为 60μηι)、 5重量份的珍珠岩（平均粒子直径为 2mm)、 25重量份的水泥（拉法基， 425#) 混合均匀， 得到防水性底层用材料。
( 3 )在尺寸为 30x60x3厘米的钢制模具中加入步骤（1 ) 中得到的吸水性面层用材 料， 之后， 设置"井"字形支撑体 （直径为 4mm， 冷拔钢筋）， 之后将步骤 （2) 中得到的 防水性底层用材料加入到模具中， 在 80°C下固化 6小时， 得到墙体挂板 Al。
步骤 （1 ) 和步骤 （2) 得到的材料的加入量， 使得到的板材的面层的厚度为 0.8厘 米， 底层的厚度为 2.2厘米。 实施例 2
本实施例用于说明本发明提供的墙体挂板。
( 1 ) 将 100重量份的硅砂 （平均粒子直径为 100μηι)、 5重量份的环氧树脂粘结剂 (广州西卡建筑材料有限公司， Sika 731 )、 5 重量份的不饱和树脂粘结剂 （天津奥邦树 脂有限公司， 1680、 5重量份的聚氨脂树脂粘结剂（渡边化学品 （广州）有限公司公司， ws-5000)和 0.0005重量份的防老剂（广州志一化工有限公司， 抗黄变剂 V85-P)混合均 匀， 得到吸水性面层用材料。
(2)将 100重量份的防水砂 （北京仁创科技集团有限公司， STS-303 , 平均粒子直 径为 150μηι)、 15重量份的陶粒 （平均粒子直径为 10mm)、 35重量份的水泥 （拉法基， 425#) 混合均匀， 得到防水性底层用材料。
( 3 )在尺寸为 30x60x5厘米的钢制模具中加入步骤（1 ) 中得到的吸水性面层用材 料， 之后， 设置"井"字形支撑体 （直径为 4mm， 冷拔钢筋）， 之后将步骤 （2) 中得到的 防水性底层用材料加入到模具中， 在 40°C下固化 20小时， 得到墙体挂板 A2。 步骤（1 )和步骤（2)得到的材料的加入量， 使得到的板材的面层的厚度为 1厘米， 底层的厚度为 4厘米。 实施例 3
本实施例用于说明本发明提供的墙体挂板。
( 1 ) 将 100重量份的硅砂 （平均粒子直径为 400μηι)、 5重量份的环氧树脂粘结剂 (广州西卡建筑材料有限公司， Sika 731 )、 5 重量份的聚氨脂树脂粘结剂 （渡边化学品 (广州） 有限公司公司， ws-5000) 混合均匀， 得到吸水性面层用材料。
(2)将 100重量份的防水砂 （北京仁创科技集团有限公司， STS-303 , 平均粒子直 径为 100μηι)、 10重量份的蛭石 （平均粒子直径为 15mm)、 10重量份的水泥 （拉法基，
425#) 混合均匀， 得到防水性底层用材料。
( 3 )在尺寸为 30x60x4厘米的钢制模具中加入步骤（1 ) 中得到的吸水性面层用材 料， 之后， 设置"井"字形支撑体 （直径为 4mm， 冷拔钢筋）， 之后将步骤 （2) 中得到的 防水性底层用材料加入到模具中， 在 100°C下固化 4小时。
(4)将 100重量份的聚氨脂树脂粘结剂 (渡边化学品（广州）有限公司公司， ws-5000) 与 0.5重量份的防老剂（广州志一化工有限公司， 抗黄变剂 V85-P)混合均匀， 得到防老 层用材料， 之后在步骤 （3 ) 得到的板材的面层上进行涂覆并固化， 得到墙体挂板 A3。
步骤（1 )和步骤（2)得到的材料的加入量， 使得到的板材的面层的厚度为 1厘米， 底层的厚度为 3厘米， 涂覆的厚度使防老层的厚度为 50μηι。 实施例 4
本实施例用于说明本发明提供的墙体挂板。
( 1 )将 100重量份的硅砂 （平均粒子直径为 60μηι)、 2.5重量份的环氧树脂粘结剂 (广州西卡建筑材料有限公司， Sika 731 )、 2.5重量份的聚氨脂树脂粘结剂（渡边化学品 (广州） 有限公司公司， ws-5000) 混合均匀， 得到吸水性面层用材料。
(2)将 100重量份的防水砂 （北京仁创科技集团有限公司， STS-303 , 平均粒子直 径为 120μηι)、 8重量份的蛭石（平均粒子直径为 lmm)、 20重量份的水泥（拉法基， 425#) 混合均匀， 得到防水性底层用材料。
( 3 )在尺寸为 30x60x4厘米的钢制模具中加入步骤（1 ) 中得到的吸水性面层用材 料， 之后， 设置"井"字形支撑体 （直径为 4mm， 冷拔钢筋）， 之后将步骤 （2) 中得到的 防水性底层用材料加入到模具中， 在 120°C下固化 4小时。
(4)将 100重量份的聚氨脂树脂粘结剂 (渡边化学品（广州）有限公司公司， ws-5000) 与 3重量份的防老剂 （广州志一化工有限公司， 抗黄变剂 V85-P) 混合均匀， 得到防老 层用材料， 之后在步骤 （3 ) 得到的板材的面层上进行涂覆并固化， 得到墙体挂板 A4。
步骤 （1 ) 和步骤 （2) 得到的材料的加入量， 使得到的板材的面层的厚度为 0.5厘 米， 底层的厚度为 3.5厘米， 涂覆的量使防老层的厚度为 80μηι。 实施例 5
本实施例用于说明本发明提供的墙体挂板。
( 1 )将 100重量份的硅砂（平均粒子直径为 260μηι)、 15重量份的环氧树脂粘结剂 (广州西卡建筑材料有限公司， Sika 731 )、 0.001重量份的防老剂（广州志一化工有限公 司， 抗黄变剂 V85-P) 混合均匀， 得到吸水性面层用材料。
(2)将 100重量份的防水砂 （北京仁创科技集团有限公司， STS-303 , 平均粒子直 径为 180μηι)、 5重量份的珍珠岩 （平均粒子直径为 5mm)、 30重量份的水泥 （拉法基， 425#) 混合均匀， 得到防水性底层用材料。
( 3 )在尺寸为 30x60x3厘米的钢制模具中加入步骤（1 ) 中得到的吸水性面层用材 料， 之后， 设置"井"字形支撑体 （直径为 4mm， 冷拔钢筋）， 之后将步骤 （2) 中得到的 防水性底层用材料加入到模具中， 在 100°C下固化 5小时， 得到墙体挂板 A5。
步骤 （1 ) 和步骤 （2) 得到的材料的加入量， 使得到的板材的面层的厚度为 0.2厘 米， 底层的厚度为 1.5厘米。 实施例 6
本实施例用于说明本发明提供的墙体挂板。
( 1 )将 100重量份的硅砂（平均粒子直径为 120μηι)、 10重量份的阻燃剂（氢氧化 铝， 平均粒子直径为 20μηι)、 5重量份的环氧树脂粘结剂 （广州西卡建筑材料有限公司， Sika 731 ) 混合均匀， 得到吸水性面层用材料。
(2)将 100重量份的防水砂 (北京仁创科技集团有限公司，平均粒子直径为 100μηι)、 8重量份的蛭石 （平均粒子直径为 5mm)、 8重量份的有机硅树脂粘结剂 （道康宁公司， CN-8603 ) 混合均匀， 得到防水性底层用材料。
( 3 )在尺寸为 30x60x3厘米的钢制模具中加入步骤（1 ) 中得到的吸水性面层用材 料， 之后， 设置"井"字形支撑体 （直径为 4mm， 冷拔钢筋）， 之后将步骤 （2) 中得到的 防水性底层用材料加入到模具中， 在 120°C下固化 4小时， 得到墙体挂板 A6。
步骤（1 )和步骤（2)得到的材料的加入量， 使得到的板材的面层的厚度为 1厘米， 底层的厚度为 2厘米。 实施例 Ί
本实施例用于说明本发明提供的墙体挂板。
( 1 ) 将 100重量份的硅砂 （平均粒子直径为 70μηι)、 20重量份的阻燃剂 （三氧化 锑， 平均粒子直径为 10μηι)、 10重量份的 （氢氧化镁， 平均粒子直径为 8μηι)、 10重量 份的环氧树脂粘结剂 （广州西卡建筑材料有限公司， Sika 731 )、 5 重量份的不饱和树脂 粘结剂 （天津奥邦树脂有限公司， 1680 混合均匀， 得到吸水性面层用材料。
(2)将 100重量份的防水砂 (北京仁创科技集团有限公司，平均粒子直径为 100μηι)、 5重量份的蛭石颗粒 （平均粒子直径为 lmm)、 8重 份的有机硅树脂粘结剂 （道康宁公 司， CN-8603 ) 混合均匀， 得到防水性底层用材料。
(3 )在尺寸为 30x60x5厘米的钢制模具中加入步骤（1 ) 中得到的吸水性面层用材 料， 之后， 设置"井"字形支撑体 （直径为 4mm， 冷拔钢筋）， 之后将步骤 （2) 中得到的 防水性底层用材料加入到模具中， 在 120°C下固化 5小时， 得到墙体挂板 A7。
步骤 （1 ) 和步骤 （2) 得到的材料的加入量， 使得到的板材的面层的厚度为 1.0厘 米， 底层的厚度为 4.0厘米。
实施例 8-14
分别将实施例 1-7中制得的墙体挂板 A1-A7称重， 然后浸没入水中， 从水中捞出， 放置直到不滴水为止， 再称重， 求出含水量。 与墙体挂板的吸水性面层的体积相比得面 层的含水系数。 之后， 使用用自动加压混凝土渗水性测试仪测试 （天津建筑材料仪器公 司， HP-30) 分别检测墙体挂板 A1-A7 的面层、 底层， 以及防老层的渗流系数。 并用导 热系数测定仪（天津英贝尔科技发展有限 A厶、司， imDRY3001- II )分别检测墙体挂板 A1-A7 的导热系数。 结果如下表 1所示。
表 1
Figure imgf000017_0001
从上表 1的数据可以看出， 本发明提供的墙体挂板的导热系数能够达到要求， 并且 吸水性表层的含水系数、 渗流系数以及防水性底层的渗流系数也能够达到要求， 从而使 墙体挂板除了具有保暖性能以外， 在空气的温度上升时所述面层中水分的蒸发， 带走墙 体大量的热量从而降低室温进一步地降低了建筑物的生活能耗。 并且当本发明的墙体挂 板用作墙体外侧挂板 （在面层中含有防老剂或者具有防老层） 时， 还能够显著地提高墙 体挂板抗自然界侵蚀的能力， 提高了挂板的使用寿命； 当本发明的墙体挂板用作墙体内 侧挂板时， 在面层中含有阻燃剂时， 还能够显著提高挂板的防火性能和安全性。

Claims

权利要求书
1 . 一种墙体挂板， 其中， 该墙体挂板包括板状物和支撑体 （3 )， 所述支撑体 （3 ) 嵌在所述板状物中， 所述板状物包括吸水性面层 （1 ) 和防水性底层 （2)。
2.根据权利要求 1所述的墙体挂板，其中，所述吸水性面层（1 )的厚度为 l-20mm， 所述防水性底层 （2) 的厚度为 10-50mm。
3.根据权利要求 1所述的墙体挂板，其中，所述吸水性面层（1 )的吸水系数为 0.1-1.5 克 /立方厘米， 渗流系数为 0.5-15厘米 /秒； 所述防水性底层 （2) 的渗流系数为 lx lO—6至 ΐ χ ΐο-12厘米 /秒。
4. 根据权利要求 1-3中任意一项所述的墙体挂板， 其中， 所述吸水性面层 （1 ) 含 有第一骨料和第一粘结剂，相对于 100重量份的第一骨料，所述第一粘结剂的含量为 1-30 重量份， 所述第一骨料为硅砂和 /或玻璃微珠， 并且所述第一骨料的平均粒子直径为 20-900μηΐ; 所述第一粘结剂为环氧树脂粘结剂， 或者为环氧树脂粘结剂与不饱和树脂粘 结剂和 /或聚氨脂树脂粘结剂的混合物。
5. 根据权利要求 4所述的墙体挂板， 其中， 所述吸水性面层 （1 ) 还含有防老剂， 相对于 100重量份的第一骨料， 所述防老剂的含量为 0.0001-0.006重量份。
6. 根据权利要求 1-3中的任意一项所述的墙体挂板， 其中， 该墙体挂板还包括防老 层 （4)， 该防老层 （4)位于吸水性面层 （1 ) 上， 防老层 （4) 的渗流系数为 0.5-15厘米
/秒。
7. 根据权利要求 6所述的墙体挂板， 其中， 所述防老层 （4) 含有防老剂和第三粘 结剂， 相对于 100重量份的第三粘结剂， 所述防老剂的含量为 0.01-5重量份， 所述第三 粘结剂为环氧树脂粘结剂， 或者为环氧树脂粘结剂与不饱和树脂粘结剂和 /或聚氨脂树脂 粘结剂的混合物， 所述防老层的厚度为 1-100μηι。
8. 根据权利要求 1所述的墙体挂板， 其中， 所述防水性底层 （2) 含有第二骨料、 第三骨料和第二粘结剂， 相对于 100重量份的第二骨料， 所述第三骨料的含量为 1-20重 量份， 所述第二粘结剂的用量为 1-40重量份； 所述第二骨料为防水砂， 并且所述第二骨 料的平均粒子直径为 50-150μηι; 所述第三骨料为聚苯颗粒、 陶粒、 珍珠岩和蛭石中的一 种或多种， 并且所述第三骨料的平均粒子直径为 l-20mm; 所述第二粘结剂为无机粘结剂 和 /或有机粘结剂， 所述无机粘结剂为水泥和 /或水玻璃， 所述有机粘结剂为有机硅树脂粘 结剂。
9. 根据权利要求 1-3中的任意一项所述的墙体挂板， 其中， 所述吸水性面层 （1) 还含有阻燃剂， 相对于 100重量份的第一骨料， 所述阻燃剂的含量为 1-60重量份。
10. 根据权利要求 9所述的墙体挂板， 其中， 所述阻燃剂为氢氧化铝、 氢氧化镁、 含磷阻燃剂、 含氯阻燃剂、 三氧化锑和三氧化钼中的一种或多种。
11. 根据权利要求 1 所述的墙体挂板， 其中， 所述支撑体 （3) 包括相互交叉固定 连接或形成一体结构的多个支撑杆。
12. 根据权利要求 11 所述的墙体挂板， 其中， 墙体挂板还包括嵌在板状物内的一 个或多个连接部件（5)， 所述连接部件（5)具有第一孔（7)、第二孔（8)和第三孔（9)， 所述第一孔 （7)、 第二孔 （8) 和第三孔 （9) 的中心线彼此垂直， 一个支撑杆插入或通 过第一孔 （7)， 另一个支撑杆插入或通过第二孔 （8)， 从而通过连接部件 （5)将多个支 撑杆固定连接，所述第三孔（9)用于固定紧固件，所述墙体挂板通过紧固件与承重柱（10) 连接。
13. 一种墙体结构， 该墙体结构包括：
多根承重柱 （10);
内墙面和外墙面， 该内墙面和外墙面彼此平行地固定布置在所述承重柱 （10) 的相 反的两侧， 所述内墙面包括内侧挂板 （11)， 所述外墙面包括外侧挂板 （12);
保温材料， 该保温材料填充在所述内墙面和外墙面之间的空间中；
其中， 所述外侧挂板（12)为权利要求 1-8和 11-12中的任意一项所述的墙体挂板， 该墙体挂板的所述吸水面层朝向所述外墙面的外侧； 和 /或
所述内侧挂板（11)为权利要求 1-4和 8-12中的任意一项所述的墙体挂板， 该墙体 挂板的所述吸水面层朝向所述内墙面的内侧。
14. 根据权利要求 13所述的墙体结构， 其中， 相邻的两个承重柱 （10) 之间的内 墙面和外墙面分别包括一个内侧挂板 （11) 和一个外侧挂板 （12)。
15. 根据权利要求 14所述的墙体结构， 其中， 所述内侧挂板（11)和外侧挂板（12) 上均设置有第一连接件， 所述承重柱 （10) 上设置有第二连接件， 所述第一连接件和第 二连接件中的一者具有凸起， 另一者具有凹槽， 通过将所述凹槽挂在所述凸起上， 从而 利用所述第一连接件和第二连接件将所述内侧挂板 （11 ) 和外侧挂板 （12) 与相邻的两 个承重柱 （10) 固定连接。
16. 根据权利要求 13所述的墙体结构， 其中， 该墙体结构还包括固定在相邻的两 个承重柱 （10) 之间的连接杆， 两个承重柱 （10) 之间的内墙面和外墙面分别包括多个 内侧挂板 （11 ) 和多个外侧挂板 （12); 每个内侧挂板 （11 ) 和外侧挂板 （12) 均包括具 有凹槽的第一连接件， 所述凹槽挂在所述连接杆上， 从而利用所述第一连接件将所述内 侧挂板 （11 ) 和外侧挂板 （12) 与所述两个承重柱 （10) 固定连接。
17. 根据权利要求 16所述的墙体结构， 其中， 所述连接杆沿水平方向延伸。
18. 根据权利要求 16或 17所述的墙体结构， 其中， 所述连接杆为角铁。
19. 根据权利要求 13所述的墙体结构， 其中， 所述内墙面和外墙面距离为 15cm至 30cm。
20. 根据权利要求 13所述的墙体结构， 其中， 相邻的两个承重柱 （10) 之间的距 离为 2米至 5米。
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TWI755463B (zh) * 2017-12-19 2022-02-21 林淑華 隔間室改良結構

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CN113530235A (zh) * 2021-07-19 2021-10-22 屈志斌 一种清洁环保的建筑施工方法

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