WO2011133801A1 - Two stage resonant converter - Google Patents

Two stage resonant converter Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011133801A1
WO2011133801A1 PCT/US2011/033474 US2011033474W WO2011133801A1 WO 2011133801 A1 WO2011133801 A1 WO 2011133801A1 US 2011033474 W US2011033474 W US 2011033474W WO 2011133801 A1 WO2011133801 A1 WO 2011133801A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
converter
coupled
primary
switch
winding
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2011/033474
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Martin Liu
Original Assignee
Flextronics Ap, Llc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Flextronics Ap, Llc filed Critical Flextronics Ap, Llc
Priority to KR1020127027510A priority Critical patent/KR101865062B1/en
Priority to CA2796757A priority patent/CA2796757C/en
Priority to JP2013506310A priority patent/JP5903427B2/en
Priority to EP11772725.5A priority patent/EP2561604A4/en
Priority to CN201180029277.1A priority patent/CN102948057B/en
Publication of WO2011133801A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011133801A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/42—Circuits or arrangements for compensating for or adjusting power factor in converters or inverters
    • H02M1/4208—Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input
    • H02M1/4225—Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input using a non-isolated boost converter
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/337—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in push-pull configuration
    • H02M3/3376—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in push-pull configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current
    • H02M3/3378—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in push-pull configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current in a push-pull configuration of the parallel type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0048—Circuits or arrangements for reducing losses
    • H02M1/0054—Transistor switching losses
    • H02M1/0058—Transistor switching losses by employing soft switching techniques, i.e. commutation of transistors when applied voltage is zero or when current flow is zero
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P80/00—Climate change mitigation technologies for sector-wide applications
    • Y02P80/10—Efficient use of energy, e.g. using compressed air or pressurized fluid as energy carrier

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of converter topology. More particularly, the present invention relates to a two stage resonant DC/DC converter.
  • DC/DC converters In DC/DC converters, a DC input voltage is converted to a lower DC output voltage. Normally, the output voltage needs to be precisely regulated and input to output isolation is necessary in order to meet safety requirements.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a prior art two stage converter 100.
  • the two stage converter 100 comprises a power factor correction (PFC) boost converter 120 and an isolated buck-type converter 140.
  • the PFC boost converter 120 provides a high voltage DC current to the isolated buck -type converter 140.
  • the isolated buck-type converter 140 converts the high voltage DC current into a low- voltage DC current.
  • the switches of the second stage work under hard switching conditions, resulting in high switching losses, and thereby affecting the total efficiency of the converter and limiting the switching frequency.
  • the second stage needs a current-limiting circuit to provide over-current protection during abnormal conditions, such as during an output short circuit. This need for over-current protection increases the complexity of the control circuit.
  • a resonant converter comprises a controllable current source, a resonant tank circuit coupled to the current source, and an isolated buck-type converter coupled to the resonant tank circuit.
  • the isolated buck-type converter has an output.
  • the resonant tank circuit enables switches in the isolated buck-type converter to switch under soft-switching conditions.
  • the controllable current source is a switch-mode-type current source.
  • the resonant converter further comprises a power factor correction (PFC) boost converter coupled to an input of the controllable current source, wherein the PFC boost converter is configured to provide a voltage to the input of the controllable current source.
  • the PFC boost converter is configured to provide a DC input voltage to the input of the controllable current source
  • the isolated buck-type converter is configured to provide a DC output voltage to the output of the isolated buck-type converter.
  • the isolated buck-type converter comprises one of the group consisting of: a half-bridge converter, a full-bridge converter and a push-pull converter.
  • the isolated buck-type converter includes a push-pull converter that comprises: a transformer having a first primary winding, a second primary winding, a first secondary winding, and a second secondary winding, wherein the controllable current source is coupled to a node between the first and second primary windings to form a primary center tap; a first primary switch coupled between the first primary winding and the controllable current source; and a second primary switch coupled between the second primary winding and the controllable current source.
  • the push-pull converter further comprises a first secondary diode coupled between the first secondary winding and the output of the isolated buck-type converter, and a second secondary diode coupled between the second secondary winding and the output of the isolated buck-type converter.
  • the push-pull converter further comprises a first primary inductor coupled between the first primary winding and the first primary switch, and a second primary inductor coupled between the second primary winding and the second primary switch.
  • the push-pull converter further comprises a first secondary inductor coupled between the first secondary winding and the output of the isolated buck-type converter, and a second secondary inductor coupled between the second secondary winding and the output of the isolated buck-type converter.
  • the push-pull converter further comprises a first secondary switch coupled between the first secondary winding and the output of the isolated buck-type converter, and a second secondary switch coupled between the second secondary winding and the output of the isolated buck-type converter.
  • the isolated buck-type converter includes a full-bridge converter that comprises: a transformer having a first primary winding, a first secondary winding, and a second secondary winding; a first primary switch coupled between a first terminal of the first primary winding and the controllable current source; a second primary switch coupled between a second terminal of the first primary winding and the controllable current source; a third primary switch coupled between the first terminal of the first primary winding and the controllable current source, wherein the first primary switch and the third primary switch are coupled to the first terminal of the first primary winding through a common node; and a fourth primary switch coupled between the second terminal of the first primary winding and the controllable current source, wherein the second primary switch and the fourth primary switch are coupled to the second terminal of the first primary winding through a common node.
  • the full-bridge converter further comprises a first secondary diode coupled between the first secondary winding and the output of the isolated buck-type converter, and a second secondary diode coupled between the second secondary winding and the output of the isolated buck-type converter.
  • the full-bridge converter further comprises a primary inductor coupled between the first terminal of the first primary winding and the common node of the first primary switch and the third primary switch.
  • the full-bridge converter further comprises a secondary inductor coupled between a common node between the first and second secondary windings and the output of the isolated buck-type converter.
  • the full-bridge converter further comprises a first secondary switch coupled between the first secondary winding and the output of the isolated buck-type converter, and a second secondary switch coupled between the second secondary winding and the output of the isolated buck-type converter.
  • the isolated buck-type converter includes a half-bridge converter that comprises: a transformer having a first primary winding, a first secondary winding, and a second secondary winding; a first primary switch coupled between a first terminal of the first primary winding and the controllable current source; a second primary switch coupled between the first terminal of the first primary winding and the controllable current source, wherein the first primary switch and the second primary switch are coupled to the first terminal of the first primary winding through a common node.
  • the half-bridge converter further comprises a first secondary diode coupled between the first secondary winding and the output of the isolated buck-type converter, and a second secondary diode coupled between the second secondary winding and the output of the isolated buck-type converter.
  • the half-bridge converter further comprises a primary inductor coupled between the first terminal of the first primary winding and the common node of the first primary switch and the second primary switch.
  • the half-bridge converter further comprises a secondary inductor coupled between a common node between the first and second secondary windings and the output of the isolated buck-type converter.
  • the half-bridge converter further comprises a first secondary switch coupled between the first secondary winding and the output of the isolated buck-type converter, and a second secondary switch coupled between the second secondary winding and the output of the isolated buck-type converter.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a prior art two stage converter.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of a two stage resonant converter in accordance with the principles of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of a two stage resonant converter employing a push-pull converter in accordance with the principles of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4A is a waveform diagram of one embodiment of the first stage of a two stage resonant converter in accordance with the principles of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4B is a waveform diagram of one embodiment of the second stage of a two stage resonant converter in accordance with the principles of the present invention..
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of a two stage resonant converter employing a push-pull converter in accordance with the principles of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of yet another embodiment of a two stage resonant converter employing a push-pull converter in accordance with the principles of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of a two stage resonant converter employing a full-bridge converter in accordance with the principles of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of a two stage resonant converter employing a full-bridge converter in accordance with the principles of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of yet another embodiment of a two stage resonant converter employing a full-bridge converter in accordance with the principles of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of a two stage resonant converter employing a half-bridge converter in accordance with the principles of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of a two stage resonant converter employing a half-bridge converter in accordance with the principles of the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of yet another embodiment of a two stage resonant converter employing a half-bridge converter in accordance with the principles of the present invention.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of a controllable DC current source in accordance with the principles of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of a two stage resonant converter 200 in accordance with the principles of the present invention.
  • the two stage resonant converter 200 comprises a power factor correction (PFC) boost converter 220 coupled to an input of a controllable current source 230, which is coupled to a resonant tank circuit and isolated buck-type converter 240.
  • the PFC boost converter 220 provides a high voltage DC current to the controllable current source 230.
  • the controllable current source 230 provides a constant DC current to the resonant tank circuit and isolated buck-type converter 240, which converts the constant DC current into a low-voltage DC current.
  • the isolated buck-type converter 240 provides this low-voltage DC current to its output.
  • controllable current source 230 is a switch-mode-type current source.
  • isolated buck -type converter 240 comprises one of the group consisting of: a half-bridge converter, a full-bridge converter, and a push-pull converter.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of a two stage resonant converter 300 employing a push-pull converter in accordance with the principles of the present invention.
  • the two stage resonant converter 300 comprises a controllable DC current source 330 and a transformer 340.
  • the transformer comprises a first primary winding PI , a second primary winding P2, a first secondary winding SI, and a second secondary winding S2.
  • the controllable current source 330 is coupled to a node 342 between the first and second primary windings PI, P2 to form a primary center tap.
  • a first primary switch 344 is coupled between the first primary winding PI and the controllable current source 330.
  • a second primary switch 346 is coupled between the second primary winding P2 and the controllable current source 330.
  • a first secondary diode 356 is coupled between the first secondary winding S 1 and the output of the isolated buck-type converter, and a second secondary diode 358 is coupled between the second secondary winding S2 and the output of the isolated buck- type converter.
  • the output of the isolated buck- type converter is coupled to a load resistor 354.
  • an output capacitor 360 is coupled in parallel between the transformer 340 and the output of the isolated buck-type converter.
  • a first primary inductor 352 is coupled between the first primary winding P 1 and the first primary switch 344, and a second primary inductor 350 is coupled between the second primary winding P2 and the second primary switch 346.
  • a resonant capacitor 348 is coupled in parallel between the controllable DC current source 330 and the transformer 340. Together with the first primary inductor 352 and the second primary inductor 350, resonant capacitor 348 forms a resonant tank circuit.
  • FIG. 4A illustrates a waveform diagram of one embodiment of the first stage of a two stage resonant converter in accordance with the principles of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4B illustrates a waveform diagram of one embodiment of the second stage of the two stage resonant converter in accordance with the principles of the present invention.
  • FIGS. 4A-B an example is provided using the two stage resonant converter 300 of FIG. 3 with the controllable DC current source 1300 of FIG. 13, which will be discussed in further detail below.
  • the signals from bottom to top are: the gate drive of switch 1340 (Vg-Ql), the drain current of switch 1340 (Id-Ql), the current of diode 1330 (DDI), and the current of inductor 1350 (I-Ll).
  • switch 1340 (Ql) When switch 1340 (Ql) is turned on, the input voltage Vin is applied to first stage diode 1330 (Dl) and first stage diode 1330 (Dl) turns off.
  • First stage switch 1340 (Ql) conducts the inductor current. In this period of time, energy is transferred from input power source 1310 (Vin) to the second stage and stored in the first stage inductor 1350 (LI) in the mean time.
  • Afer first stage switch 1340 (Ql) turns off, first stage diode 1330 (Dl) conducts the inductor current, and the stored inductor energy keeps transferring to the second stage.
  • the signals from bottom to top are: the gate drive of switch 346 (Vg-Q3), the gate drive of switch 344 (Vg-Q2), the drain current of switch 344 (Id-Q2), the current of diode 358 (I-D3), and the drain to source voltage of switch 344 (Vds-Q2).
  • switch 344 (Q2) turns on and switch 346 (Q3) is off.
  • Diode 358 (D3) and diode 356 (D2) are both off, so the transformer secondary side is open.
  • the current in the primary side of the transformer is the magnetizing current, and it flows through switch 344 (Q2), first primary inductor 352 (Lr2) and first primary winding PI, and discharges the output capacitance of MOSFET switch 344 (Q2).
  • the drain current of switch 344 (Id-Q2) flows through the MOSFET body diode, and the voltage across switch 344 (Vds-Q2) is approximately zero, making switch 344 (Q2) turn on at ZVS (zero voltage switching) condition.
  • the turn on loss of MOSFET switch 344 (Q2) is low.
  • diode 358 From Tl on, diode 358 (D3) turns on and begins to conduct current.
  • the voltage of transformer secondary winding S2 is clamped to Vo.
  • the voltage of transformer primary winding P 1 is clamped to N*Vo, with N being the turns ratio of primary winding to secondary winding.
  • Resonant capacitor 348 (Cr) is resonant with first primary inductor 352 (Lr2), and the drain current of switch 344 (Id-Q2) increases from zero.
  • Current H-Q2 can be divided into two portions, the resonant portion, which equals Id3/N and transfers to the secondary side though the transformer, and the magnetizing portion. At T2 point, the resonant portion reduces to zero.
  • the secondary diode 358 (D3) turns off at ZCS (zero current switching condition) condition, and the switching loss is reduced. From T2 to T3, diode current is zero, so the transformer secondary side is "open.” On the primary side, only the magnetizing current is remaining.
  • switch 344 (Q2) is turned off by the drive signal. This is a near ZCS turn off because only a small magnetizing current flow through switch 344 (Q2).
  • T3 to T4 is a "dead time", during which both switch 344 (Q2) and switch 346 (Q3) are off.
  • the magnetizing current consists of two parts: (1) the drain current of switch 344 (Id-Q2), which flows from Q2's drain to source and charges the output capacitance of switch 344 (Q2); and (2) the drain current of switch 346 (Id-Q3), which flows from Q3's source to drain and discharges the output capacitance of switch 346 (Q3).
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of a two stage resonant converter 500 employing a push-pull converter in accordance with the principles of the present invention.
  • the two stage resonant converter 500 comprises a controllable DC current source 530 and a transformer 540.
  • the transformer 540 comprises a first primary winding PI, a second primary winding P2, a first secondary winding SI, and a second secondary winding S2.
  • the controllable current source 530 is coupled to a node 542 between the first and second primary windings PI , P2 to form a primary center tap.
  • a first primary switch 544 is coupled between the first primary winding PI and the controllable current source 530, and a second primary switch 546 is coupled between the second primary winding P2 and the controllable current source 530.
  • a first secondary diode 556 is coupled between the first secondary winding S 1 and the output of the isolated buck-type converter, and a second secondary diode 558 is coupled between the second secondary winding S2 and the output of the isolated buck-type converter.
  • a first secondary inductor 552 is coupled between the first secondary winding S 1 and the output of the isolated buck-type converter, and a second secondary inductor 554 is coupled between the second secondary winding S2 and the output of the isolated buck-type converter.
  • a resonant capacitor 548 is coupled in parallel between the controllable DC current source 530 and the transformer 540.
  • resonant capacitor 548 forms a resonant tank circuit.
  • the output of the isolated buck- type converter is coupled to a load resistor 550.
  • an output capacitor 560 is coupled in parallel between the transformer 540 and the output of the isolated buck- type converter.
  • a ground terminal 562 is coupled between the transformer 540 and the output of the isolated buck-type converter.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of yet another embodiment of a two stage resonant converter 600 employing a push-pull converter in accordance with the principles of the present invention.
  • the two stage resonant converter 600 comprises a controllable DC current source 630 and a transformer 640.
  • the transformer 640 comprises a first primary winding PI, a second primary winding P2, a first secondary winding SI, and a second secondary winding S2.
  • the controllable current source 630 is coupled to a node 642 between the first and second primary windings P 1 , P2 to form a primary center tap.
  • a first primary switch 644 is coupled between the first primary winding PI and the controllable current source 630, and a second primary switch 646 is coupled between the second primary winding P2 and the controllable current source 630.
  • a first primary inductor 654 is coupled between the first primary winding PI and the first primary switch 644, and a second primary inductor 652 is coupled between the second primary winding P2 and the second primary switch 646.
  • a resonant capacitor 648 is coupled in parallel between the controllable DC current source 630 and the transformer 640. Together with the first primary inductor 654 and the second primary inductor 652, resonant capacitor 648 forms a resonant tank circuit.
  • a first secondary switch 658 is coupled between the first secondary winding S 1 and the output of the isolated buck-type converter, and a second secondary switch 660 is coupled between the second secondary winding S2 and the output of the isolated buck- type converter.
  • the output of the isolated buck-type converter is coupled to a load resistor 656.
  • an output capacitor 664 is coupled in parallel between the transformer 640 and the output of the isolated buck-type converter.
  • a ground terminal 662 is coupled between the transformer 640 and the output of the isolated buck-type converter.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of a two stage resonant converter 700 employing a full-bridge converter in accordance with the principles of the present invention.
  • the two stage resonant converter 700 comprises a controllable DC current source 730 and a transformer 740.
  • the transformer 740 comprises a first primary winding P 1 , a first secondary winding S 1 , and a second secondary winding S2.
  • a first primary switch 742 is coupled between a first terminal of the first primary winding PI and the controllable current source 730.
  • a second primary switch 744 is coupled between a second terminal of the first primary winding PI and the controllable current source 730.
  • a third primary switch 746 is coupled between the first terminal of the first primary winding PI and the controllable current source 730.
  • a fourth primary switch 748 is coupled between the second terminal of the first primary winding PI and the controllable current source 730.
  • the first primary switch 742 and the third primary switch 746 are coupled to the first terminal of the first primary winding PI through a common node 750.
  • the second primary switch 744 and the fourth primary switch 748 are coupled to the second terminal of the first primary winding PI through a common node 752.
  • the output of the isolated buck-type converter is coupled to a load resistor 758.
  • an output capacitor 764 is coupled in parallel between the transformer 740 and the output of the isolated buck-type converter.
  • a primary inductor 756 is coupled between the first terminal of the first primary winding PI and the common node 750 of the first primary switch 742 and the third primary switch 746.
  • a resonant capacitor 754 is coupled in parallel between the controllable DC current source 730 and the transformer 740. Together with the primary inductor 756, resonant capacitor 754 forms a resonant tank circuit.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of a two stage resonant converter 800 employing a full-bridge converter in accordance with the principles of the present invention.
  • the two stage resonant converter 800 comprises a controllable DC current source 830 and a transformer 840.
  • the transformer 840 comprises a first primary winding P 1 , a first secondary winding S 1 , and a second secondary winding S2.
  • a first primary switch 842 is coupled between a first terminal of the first primary winding PI and the controllable current source 830.
  • a second primary switch 844 is coupled between a second terminal of the first primary winding PI and the controllable current source 830.
  • a third primary switch 840 is coupled between the first terminal of the first primary winding P 1 and the controllable current source 830.
  • a fourth primary switch 848 is coupled between the second terminal of the first primary winding PI and the controllable current source 830.
  • the first primary switch 842 and the third primary switch 840 are coupled to the first terminal of the first primary winding PI through a common node 850.
  • the second primary switch 844 and the fourth primary switch 848 are coupled to the second terminal of the first primary winding P 1 through a common node 852.
  • a first secondary diode 858 is coupled between the first secondary winding S 1 and the output of the isolated buck-type converter
  • a second secondary diode 860 is coupled between the second secondary winding S2 and the output of the isolated buck-type converter.
  • a secondary inductor 862 is coupled between a common node, between the second terminal of the first secondary winding S 1 and first terminal of the second secondary winding S2, and the output of the isolated buck-type converter.
  • the output of the isolated buck-type converter is coupled to a load resistor 856.
  • an output capacitor 864 is coupled in parallel between the transformer 840 and the output of the isolated buck-type converter.
  • a resonant capacitor 854 is coupled in parallel between the controllable DC current source 830 and the transformer 840. Together with the secondary inductor 862, resonant capacitor 854 forms a resonant tank circuit.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of yet another embodiment of a two stage resonant converter 900 employing a full-bridge converter in accordance with the principles of the present invention.
  • the two stage resonant converter 900 comprises a controllable DC current source 930 and a transformer 940.
  • the transformer 940 comprises a first primary winding PI, a first secondary winding SI, and a second secondary winding S2.
  • a first primary switch 942 is coupled between a first terminal of the first primary winding P 1 and the controllable current source 930.
  • a second primary switch 944 is coupled between a second terminal of the first primary winding PI and the controllable current source 930.
  • a third primary switch 946 is coupled between the first terminal of the first primary winding PI and the controllable current source 930.
  • a fourth primary switch 948 is coupled between the second terminal of the first primary winding PI and the controllable current source 930.
  • the first primary switch 942 and the third primary switch 946 are coupled to the first terminal of the first primary winding PI through a common node 950.
  • the second primary switch 944 and the fourth primary switch 948 are coupled to the second terminal of the first primary winding P 1 through a common node 952.
  • a primary inductor 956 is coupled between the first terminal of the first primary winding PI and the common node 950 of the first primary switch 942 and the third primary switch 946.
  • a resonant capacitor 954 is coupled between the controllable DC current source 930 and the transformer 940. Together with the primary inductor 956, resonant capacitor 954 forms a resonant tank circuit.
  • a first secondary switch 960 is coupled between the first secondary winding SI and the output of the isolated buck-type converter, and a second secondary switch 962 is coupled between the second secondary winding S2 and the output of the isolated buck-type converter.
  • the output of the isolated buck-type converter is coupled to a load resistor 958.
  • an output capacitor 968 is coupled in parallel between the transformer 940 and the output of the isolated buck-type converter.
  • a ground terminal 964 is coupled between the transformer 940 and the output of the isolated buck-type converter.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of a two stage resonant converter 1000 employing a half-bridge converter in accordance with the principles of the present invention.
  • the two stage resonant converter 1000 comprises a controllable DC current source 1030 and a transformer 1040.
  • the transformer 1040 comprises a first primary winding PI, a first secondary winding SI, and a second secondary winding S2.
  • a first primary switch 1042 is coupled between a first terminal of the first primary winding PI and the controllable current source 1030.
  • a second primary switch 1044 is coupled between the first terminal of the first primary winding PI and the controllable current source 1030.
  • the first primary switch 1042 and the second primary switch 1044 are coupled to the first terminal of the first primary winding PI through a common node 1046.
  • a first secondary diode 1058 is coupled between the first secondary winding S 1 and the output of the isolated buck-type converter
  • a second secondary diode 1060 is coupled between the second secondary winding S2 and the output of the isolated buck-type converter.
  • the output of the isolated buck-type converter is coupled to a load resistor 1056.
  • an output capacitor 1062 is coupled in parallel between the transformer 1040 and the output of the isolated buck- type converter.
  • a primary inductor 1054 is coupled between the first terminal of the first primary winding PI and the common node 1046 of the first primary switch 1042 and the second primary switch 1044.
  • a first resonant capacitor 1048 and a second resonant capacitor 1050 are coupled between the controllable DC current source 1030 and the transformer 1040.
  • first resonant capacitor 1048 and second resonant capacitor 1050 are coupled to the second terminal of the first primary winding PI through a common node 1052. Together with the primary inductor 1054, first resonant capacitor 1048 and second resonant capacitor 1050 form a resonant tank circuit.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of a two stage resonant converter 1100 employing a half-bridge converter in accordance with the principles of the present invention.
  • the two stage resonant converter 1100 comprises a controllable DC current source 1130 and a transformer 1140.
  • the transformer 1140 comprises a first primary winding P 1 , a first secondary winding S 1 , and a second secondary winding S2.
  • a first primary switch 1142 is coupled between a first terminal of the first primary winding PI and the controllable current source 1130.
  • a second primary switch 1144 is coupled between the first terminal of the first primary winding PI and the controllable current source 1130.
  • the first primary switch 1142 and the second primary switch 1144 are coupled to the first terminal of the first primary winding PI through a common node 1146.
  • a first secondary diode 1156 is coupled between the first secondary winding S 1 and the output of the isolated buck-type converter, and a second secondary diode 1158 is coupled between the second secondary winding S2 and the output of the isolated buck-type converter.
  • the output of the isolated buck-type converter is coupled to a load resistor 1154.
  • an output capacitor 1162 is coupled in parallel between the transformer 1140 and the output of the isolated buck- type converter.
  • a second inductor 1160 is coupled between a common node of the first and second secondary windings S 1 , S2 and the output of the isolated buck- type converter.
  • a first resonant capacitor 1148 and a second resonant capacitor 1150 are coupled between the controllable DC current source 1130 and the transformer 1140. In some embodiments, first resonant capacitor 1148 and second resonant capacitor 1150 are coupled to the second terminal of the first primary winding PI through a common node 1152. Together with the secondary inductor 1160, first resonant capacitor 1148 and second resonant capacitor 1150 form a resonant tank circuit.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of yet another embodiment of a two stage resonant converter 1200 employing a half-bridge converter in accordance with the principles of the present invention.
  • the two stage resonant converter 1200 comprises a controllable DC current source 1230 and a transformer 1240.
  • the transformer 1240 comprises a first primary winding PI, a first secondary winding S 1 , and a second secondary winding S2.
  • a first primary switch 1242 is coupled between a first terminal of the first primary winding PI and the controllable current source 1230.
  • a second primary switch 1244 is coupled between the first terminal of the first primary winding PI and the controllable current source 1230.
  • the first primary switch 1242 and the second primary switch 1244 are coupled to the first terminal of the first primary winding PI through a common node 1246.
  • a first secondary switch 1258 is coupled between the first secondary winding S 1 and the output of the isolated buck-type converter, and a second secondary switch 1260 is coupled between the second secondary winding S2 and the output of the isolated buck-type converter.
  • the output of the isolated buck- type converter is coupled to a load resistor 1256.
  • an output capacitor 1264 is coupled in parallel between the transformer 1240 and the output of the isolated buck- type converter.
  • a ground terminal 1262 is coupled between the transformer 1240 and the output of the isolated buck-type converter.
  • a primary inductor 1254 is coupled between the first terminal of the first primary winding PI and the common node 1246 of the first primary switch 1242 and the second primary switch 1244.
  • a first resonant capacitor 1248 and a second resonant capacitor 1250 are coupled between the controllable DC current source 1230 and the transformer 1240.
  • first resonant capacitor 1248 and second resonant capacitor 1250 are coupled to the second terminal of the first primary winding PI through a common node 1252. Together with the primary inductor 1254, first resonant capacitor 1248 and second resonant capacitor 1250 form a resonant tank circuit.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of a controllable DC current source 1300 in accordance with the principles of the present invention.
  • the controllable DC current source 1300 comprises an input voltage supply 1310, an input capacitor 1320, a first stage diode 1330, a first stage switch 1340, and a first stage inductor 1350.
  • Input capacitor 1320 is coupled in parallel with input voltage supply 1310, which generates an input supply voltage Vin, and with first stage diode 1330.
  • first stage switch 1340 is an N-channel MOSFET in enhancement mode. However, it is contemplated that other types of switches can be used as well.
  • a first terminal (or drain) of first stage switch 1340 is coupled to the positive terminal of input voltage supply 1310 and a first terminal of input capacitor 1320.
  • a third terminal (or source) of first stage switch 1340 is coupled to the cathode terminal of first stage diode 1330 and to a first terminal of first stage inductor 1350.
  • a second terminal of input capacitor 1320 is coupled to the negative terminal of input voltage supply 1310 and to the anode terminal of first stage diode 1330. Additionally, the anode terminal of first stage diode 1330 is also coupled to the negative terminal of input voltage supply 1310.
  • Controllable current source 1300 can be used for any of the controllable DC current sources previously shown and discussed with respect to FIGS. 2-3 and 5-12.
  • controllable current source other than the design illustrated in FIG. 13.

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Abstract

A resonant converter comprising: a controllable current source; a resonant tank circuit coupled to the current source; and an isolated buck-type converter coupled to the resonant tank circuit, the isolated buck-type converter having an output, wherein the resonant tank circuit enables switches in the isolated buck-type converter to switch under soft-switching conditions. In some embodiments, the controllable current source is a switch-mode-type current source. In some embodiments, the isolated buck-type converter comprises a half-bridge converter. In some embodiments, the isolated buck-type converter comprises a full-bridge converter. In some embodiments, the isolated buck-type converter comprises a push-pull converter.

Description

TWO STAGE RESONANT CONVERTER
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to the field of converter topology. More particularly, the present invention relates to a two stage resonant DC/DC converter.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
In DC/DC converters, a DC input voltage is converted to a lower DC output voltage. Normally, the output voltage needs to be precisely regulated and input to output isolation is necessary in order to meet safety requirements.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a prior art two stage converter 100. The two stage converter 100 comprises a power factor correction (PFC) boost converter 120 and an isolated buck-type converter 140. The PFC boost converter 120 provides a high voltage DC current to the isolated buck -type converter 140. The isolated buck-type converter 140 converts the high voltage DC current into a low- voltage DC current.
In this and other prior art converters, the switches of the second stage work under hard switching conditions, resulting in high switching losses, and thereby affecting the total efficiency of the converter and limiting the switching frequency. Additionally, the second stage needs a current-limiting circuit to provide over-current protection during abnormal conditions, such as during an output short circuit. This need for over-current protection increases the complexity of the control circuit.
What is needed in the art is a simplified DC/DC converter design that reduces switching losses. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In one aspect of the present invention, a resonant converter comprises a controllable current source, a resonant tank circuit coupled to the current source, and an isolated buck-type converter coupled to the resonant tank circuit. The isolated buck-type converter has an output. The resonant tank circuit enables switches in the isolated buck-type converter to switch under soft-switching conditions.
In some embodiments, the controllable current source is a switch-mode-type current source. In some embodiments, the resonant converter further comprises a power factor correction (PFC) boost converter coupled to an input of the controllable current source, wherein the PFC boost converter is configured to provide a voltage to the input of the controllable current source. In some embodiments, the PFC boost converter is configured to provide a DC input voltage to the input of the controllable current source, and the isolated buck-type converter is configured to provide a DC output voltage to the output of the isolated buck-type converter. In some embodiments, the isolated buck-type converter comprises one of the group consisting of: a half-bridge converter, a full-bridge converter and a push-pull converter.
In some embodiments, the isolated buck-type converter includes a push-pull converter that comprises: a transformer having a first primary winding, a second primary winding, a first secondary winding, and a second secondary winding, wherein the controllable current source is coupled to a node between the first and second primary windings to form a primary center tap; a first primary switch coupled between the first primary winding and the controllable current source; and a second primary switch coupled between the second primary winding and the controllable current source.
In some embodiments, the push-pull converter further comprises a first secondary diode coupled between the first secondary winding and the output of the isolated buck-type converter, and a second secondary diode coupled between the second secondary winding and the output of the isolated buck-type converter.
In some embodiments, the push-pull converter further comprises a first primary inductor coupled between the first primary winding and the first primary switch, and a second primary inductor coupled between the second primary winding and the second primary switch.
In some embodiments, the push-pull converter further comprises a first secondary inductor coupled between the first secondary winding and the output of the isolated buck-type converter, and a second secondary inductor coupled between the second secondary winding and the output of the isolated buck-type converter.
In some embodiments, the push-pull converter further comprises a first secondary switch coupled between the first secondary winding and the output of the isolated buck-type converter, and a second secondary switch coupled between the second secondary winding and the output of the isolated buck-type converter.
In some embodiments, the isolated buck-type converter includes a full-bridge converter that comprises: a transformer having a first primary winding, a first secondary winding, and a second secondary winding; a first primary switch coupled between a first terminal of the first primary winding and the controllable current source; a second primary switch coupled between a second terminal of the first primary winding and the controllable current source; a third primary switch coupled between the first terminal of the first primary winding and the controllable current source, wherein the first primary switch and the third primary switch are coupled to the first terminal of the first primary winding through a common node; and a fourth primary switch coupled between the second terminal of the first primary winding and the controllable current source, wherein the second primary switch and the fourth primary switch are coupled to the second terminal of the first primary winding through a common node.
In some embodiments, the full-bridge converter further comprises a first secondary diode coupled between the first secondary winding and the output of the isolated buck-type converter, and a second secondary diode coupled between the second secondary winding and the output of the isolated buck-type converter.
In some embodiments, the full-bridge converter further comprises a primary inductor coupled between the first terminal of the first primary winding and the common node of the first primary switch and the third primary switch.
In some embodiments, the full-bridge converter further comprises a secondary inductor coupled between a common node between the first and second secondary windings and the output of the isolated buck-type converter.
In some embodiments, the full-bridge converter further comprises a first secondary switch coupled between the first secondary winding and the output of the isolated buck-type converter, and a second secondary switch coupled between the second secondary winding and the output of the isolated buck-type converter.
In some embodiments, the isolated buck-type converter includes a half-bridge converter that comprises: a transformer having a first primary winding, a first secondary winding, and a second secondary winding; a first primary switch coupled between a first terminal of the first primary winding and the controllable current source; a second primary switch coupled between the first terminal of the first primary winding and the controllable current source, wherein the first primary switch and the second primary switch are coupled to the first terminal of the first primary winding through a common node.
In some embodiments, the half-bridge converter further comprises a first secondary diode coupled between the first secondary winding and the output of the isolated buck-type converter, and a second secondary diode coupled between the second secondary winding and the output of the isolated buck-type converter. In some embodiments, the half-bridge converter further comprises a primary inductor coupled between the first terminal of the first primary winding and the common node of the first primary switch and the second primary switch.
In some embodiments, the half-bridge converter further comprises a secondary inductor coupled between a common node between the first and second secondary windings and the output of the isolated buck-type converter.
In some embodiments, the half-bridge converter further comprises a first secondary switch coupled between the first secondary winding and the output of the isolated buck-type converter, and a second secondary switch coupled between the second secondary winding and the output of the isolated buck-type converter.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a prior art two stage converter.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of a two stage resonant converter in accordance with the principles of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of a two stage resonant converter employing a push-pull converter in accordance with the principles of the present invention.
FIG. 4A is a waveform diagram of one embodiment of the first stage of a two stage resonant converter in accordance with the principles of the present invention.
FIG. 4B is a waveform diagram of one embodiment of the second stage of a two stage resonant converter in accordance with the principles of the present invention..
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of a two stage resonant converter employing a push-pull converter in accordance with the principles of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of yet another embodiment of a two stage resonant converter employing a push-pull converter in accordance with the principles of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of a two stage resonant converter employing a full-bridge converter in accordance with the principles of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of a two stage resonant converter employing a full-bridge converter in accordance with the principles of the present invention. FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of yet another embodiment of a two stage resonant converter employing a full-bridge converter in accordance with the principles of the present invention.
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of a two stage resonant converter employing a half-bridge converter in accordance with the principles of the present invention.
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of a two stage resonant converter employing a half-bridge converter in accordance with the principles of the present invention.
FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of yet another embodiment of a two stage resonant converter employing a half-bridge converter in accordance with the principles of the present invention.
FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of a controllable DC current source in accordance with the principles of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The following description is presented to enable one of ordinary skill in the art to make and use the invention and is provided in the context of a patent application and its requirements. Various modifications to the described embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art and the generic principles herein can be applied to other embodiments. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiment shown, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and features described herein.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of a two stage resonant converter 200 in accordance with the principles of the present invention. The two stage resonant converter 200 comprises a power factor correction (PFC) boost converter 220 coupled to an input of a controllable current source 230, which is coupled to a resonant tank circuit and isolated buck-type converter 240. The PFC boost converter 220 provides a high voltage DC current to the controllable current source 230. The controllable current source 230 provides a constant DC current to the resonant tank circuit and isolated buck-type converter 240, which converts the constant DC current into a low-voltage DC current. The isolated buck-type converter 240 provides this low-voltage DC current to its output. In some embodiments, the controllable current source 230 is a switch-mode-type current source. In some embodiments, the isolated buck -type converter 240 comprises one of the group consisting of: a half-bridge converter, a full-bridge converter, and a push-pull converter. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of a two stage resonant converter 300 employing a push-pull converter in accordance with the principles of the present invention.
The two stage resonant converter 300 comprises a controllable DC current source 330 and a transformer 340. The transformer comprises a first primary winding PI , a second primary winding P2, a first secondary winding SI, and a second secondary winding S2. The controllable current source 330 is coupled to a node 342 between the first and second primary windings PI, P2 to form a primary center tap. A first primary switch 344 is coupled between the first primary winding PI and the controllable current source 330. A second primary switch 346 is coupled between the second primary winding P2 and the controllable current source 330.
In some embodiments, a first secondary diode 356 is coupled between the first secondary winding S 1 and the output of the isolated buck-type converter, and a second secondary diode 358 is coupled between the second secondary winding S2 and the output of the isolated buck- type converter. In some embodiments, the output of the isolated buck- type converter is coupled to a load resistor 354. In some embodiments, an output capacitor 360 is coupled in parallel between the transformer 340 and the output of the isolated buck-type converter. In some embodiments, a first primary inductor 352 is coupled between the first primary winding P 1 and the first primary switch 344, and a second primary inductor 350 is coupled between the second primary winding P2 and the second primary switch 346. In some embodiments, a resonant capacitor 348 is coupled in parallel between the controllable DC current source 330 and the transformer 340. Together with the first primary inductor 352 and the second primary inductor 350, resonant capacitor 348 forms a resonant tank circuit.
FIG. 4A illustrates a waveform diagram of one embodiment of the first stage of a two stage resonant converter in accordance with the principles of the present invention. FIG. 4B illustrates a waveform diagram of one embodiment of the second stage of the two stage resonant converter in accordance with the principles of the present invention. For the purposes of discussing FIGS. 4A-B, an example is provided using the two stage resonant converter 300 of FIG. 3 with the controllable DC current source 1300 of FIG. 13, which will be discussed in further detail below.
In FIG. 4A, the signals from bottom to top are: the gate drive of switch 1340 (Vg-Ql), the drain current of switch 1340 (Id-Ql), the current of diode 1330 (DDI), and the current of inductor 1350 (I-Ll). When switch 1340 (Ql) is turned on, the input voltage Vin is applied to first stage diode 1330 (Dl) and first stage diode 1330 (Dl) turns off. First stage switch 1340 (Ql) conducts the inductor current. In this period of time, energy is transferred from input power source 1310 (Vin) to the second stage and stored in the first stage inductor 1350 (LI) in the mean time. Afer first stage switch 1340 (Ql) turns off, first stage diode 1330 (Dl) conducts the inductor current, and the stored inductor energy keeps transferring to the second stage.
In FIG. 4B, the signals from bottom to top are: the gate drive of switch 346 (Vg-Q3), the gate drive of switch 344 (Vg-Q2), the drain current of switch 344 (Id-Q2), the current of diode 358 (I-D3), and the drain to source voltage of switch 344 (Vds-Q2). At time point TO, switch 344 (Q2) turns on and switch 346 (Q3) is off. Diode 358 (D3) and diode 356 (D2) are both off, so the transformer secondary side is open. The current in the primary side of the transformer is the magnetizing current, and it flows through switch 344 (Q2), first primary inductor 352 (Lr2) and first primary winding PI, and discharges the output capacitance of MOSFET switch 344 (Q2). At the turn on point, the drain current of switch 344 (Id-Q2) flows through the MOSFET body diode, and the voltage across switch 344 (Vds-Q2) is approximately zero, making switch 344 (Q2) turn on at ZVS (zero voltage switching) condition. The turn on loss of MOSFET switch 344 (Q2) is low. At time point Tl, the drain current of switch 344(Id-Q2) reaches zero, the body diode of MOSEFT switch 344 (Q2) turns off with zero current switching, and the current changes direction and shifts to the positive path (drain to source) of MOSFET switch 344 (Q2).
From Tl on, diode 358 (D3) turns on and begins to conduct current. The voltage of transformer secondary winding S2 is clamped to Vo. Accordingly, the voltage of transformer primary winding P 1 is clamped to N*Vo, with N being the turns ratio of primary winding to secondary winding. Resonant capacitor 348 (Cr) is resonant with first primary inductor 352 (Lr2), and the drain current of switch 344 (Id-Q2) increases from zero. Current H-Q2 can be divided into two portions, the resonant portion, which equals Id3/N and transfers to the secondary side though the transformer, and the magnetizing portion. At T2 point, the resonant portion reduces to zero. Accordingly the secondary diode 358 (D3) turns off at ZCS (zero current switching condition) condition, and the switching loss is reduced. From T2 to T3, diode current is zero, so the transformer secondary side is "open." On the primary side, only the magnetizing current is remaining.
At T3, switch 344 (Q2) is turned off by the drive signal. This is a near ZCS turn off because only a small magnetizing current flow through switch 344 (Q2). T3 to T4 is a "dead time", during which both switch 344 (Q2) and switch 346 (Q3) are off. On the primary side of the transformer, the magnetizing current consists of two parts: (1) the drain current of switch 344 (Id-Q2), which flows from Q2's drain to source and charges the output capacitance of switch 344 (Q2); and (2) the drain current of switch 346 (Id-Q3), which flows from Q3's source to drain and discharges the output capacitance of switch 346 (Q3). At time point T4, the drain current of switch 344 (Id-Q2) has reduced to zero and all the magnetizing current has flown through the body diode of MOSFET switch 346 (Q3). Switch 346 (Q3) turns on by the drive signal at ZVS condition. The next half cycle will repeat the similar work mechanism.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of a two stage resonant converter 500 employing a push-pull converter in accordance with the principles of the present invention. The two stage resonant converter 500 comprises a controllable DC current source 530 and a transformer 540. The transformer 540 comprises a first primary winding PI, a second primary winding P2, a first secondary winding SI, and a second secondary winding S2. The controllable current source 530 is coupled to a node 542 between the first and second primary windings PI , P2 to form a primary center tap. A first primary switch 544 is coupled between the first primary winding PI and the controllable current source 530, and a second primary switch 546 is coupled between the second primary winding P2 and the controllable current source 530.
In some embodiments, a first secondary diode 556 is coupled between the first secondary winding S 1 and the output of the isolated buck-type converter, and a second secondary diode 558 is coupled between the second secondary winding S2 and the output of the isolated buck-type converter. In some embodiments, a first secondary inductor 552 is coupled between the first secondary winding S 1 and the output of the isolated buck-type converter, and a second secondary inductor 554 is coupled between the second secondary winding S2 and the output of the isolated buck-type converter. In some embodiments, a resonant capacitor 548 is coupled in parallel between the controllable DC current source 530 and the transformer 540. Together with the first secondary inductor 552 and the second secondary inductor 554, resonant capacitor 548 forms a resonant tank circuit. In some embodiments, the output of the isolated buck- type converter is coupled to a load resistor 550. In some embodiments, an output capacitor 560 is coupled in parallel between the transformer 540 and the output of the isolated buck- type converter. In some embodiments, a ground terminal 562 is coupled between the transformer 540 and the output of the isolated buck-type converter.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of yet another embodiment of a two stage resonant converter 600 employing a push-pull converter in accordance with the principles of the present invention. The two stage resonant converter 600 comprises a controllable DC current source 630 and a transformer 640. The transformer 640 comprises a first primary winding PI, a second primary winding P2, a first secondary winding SI, and a second secondary winding S2. The controllable current source 630 is coupled to a node 642 between the first and second primary windings P 1 , P2 to form a primary center tap. A first primary switch 644 is coupled between the first primary winding PI and the controllable current source 630, and a second primary switch 646 is coupled between the second primary winding P2 and the controllable current source 630.
In some embodiments, a first primary inductor 654 is coupled between the first primary winding PI and the first primary switch 644, and a second primary inductor 652 is coupled between the second primary winding P2 and the second primary switch 646. In some embodiments, a resonant capacitor 648 is coupled in parallel between the controllable DC current source 630 and the transformer 640. Together with the first primary inductor 654 and the second primary inductor 652, resonant capacitor 648 forms a resonant tank circuit. In some embodiments, a first secondary switch 658 is coupled between the first secondary winding S 1 and the output of the isolated buck-type converter, and a second secondary switch 660 is coupled between the second secondary winding S2 and the output of the isolated buck- type converter. In some embodiments, the output of the isolated buck-type converter is coupled to a load resistor 656. In some embodiments, an output capacitor 664 is coupled in parallel between the transformer 640 and the output of the isolated buck-type converter. In some embodiments, a ground terminal 662 is coupled between the transformer 640 and the output of the isolated buck-type converter.
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of a two stage resonant converter 700 employing a full-bridge converter in accordance with the principles of the present invention.
The two stage resonant converter 700 comprises a controllable DC current source 730 and a transformer 740. The transformer 740 comprises a first primary winding P 1 , a first secondary winding S 1 , and a second secondary winding S2. A first primary switch 742 is coupled between a first terminal of the first primary winding PI and the controllable current source 730. A second primary switch 744 is coupled between a second terminal of the first primary winding PI and the controllable current source 730. A third primary switch 746 is coupled between the first terminal of the first primary winding PI and the controllable current source 730. A fourth primary switch 748 is coupled between the second terminal of the first primary winding PI and the controllable current source 730. The first primary switch 742 and the third primary switch 746 are coupled to the first terminal of the first primary winding PI through a common node 750. The second primary switch 744 and the fourth primary switch 748 are coupled to the second terminal of the first primary winding PI through a common node 752.
In some embodiments, a first secondary diode 760 coupled between the first secondary winding SI and the output of the isolated buck-type converter, and a second secondary diode 762 is coupled between the second secondary winding S2 and the output of the isolated buck-type converter. In some embodiments, the output of the isolated buck-type converter is coupled to a load resistor 758. In some embodiments, an output capacitor 764 is coupled in parallel between the transformer 740 and the output of the isolated buck-type converter. In some embodiments, a primary inductor 756 is coupled between the first terminal of the first primary winding PI and the common node 750 of the first primary switch 742 and the third primary switch 746. In some embodiments, a resonant capacitor 754 is coupled in parallel between the controllable DC current source 730 and the transformer 740. Together with the primary inductor 756, resonant capacitor 754 forms a resonant tank circuit.
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of a two stage resonant converter 800 employing a full-bridge converter in accordance with the principles of the present invention. The two stage resonant converter 800 comprises a controllable DC current source 830 and a transformer 840. The transformer 840 comprises a first primary winding P 1 , a first secondary winding S 1 , and a second secondary winding S2. A first primary switch 842 is coupled between a first terminal of the first primary winding PI and the controllable current source 830. A second primary switch 844 is coupled between a second terminal of the first primary winding PI and the controllable current source 830. A third primary switch 840 is coupled between the first terminal of the first primary winding P 1 and the controllable current source 830. A fourth primary switch 848 is coupled between the second terminal of the first primary winding PI and the controllable current source 830. The first primary switch 842 and the third primary switch 840 are coupled to the first terminal of the first primary winding PI through a common node 850. The second primary switch 844 and the fourth primary switch 848 are coupled to the second terminal of the first primary winding P 1 through a common node 852.
In some embodiments, a first secondary diode 858 is coupled between the first secondary winding S 1 and the output of the isolated buck-type converter, and a second secondary diode 860 is coupled between the second secondary winding S2 and the output of the isolated buck-type converter. In some embodiments, a secondary inductor 862 is coupled between a common node, between the second terminal of the first secondary winding S 1 and first terminal of the second secondary winding S2, and the output of the isolated buck-type converter. In some embodiments, the output of the isolated buck-type converter is coupled to a load resistor 856. In some embodiments, an output capacitor 864 is coupled in parallel between the transformer 840 and the output of the isolated buck-type converter. In some embodiments, a resonant capacitor 854 is coupled in parallel between the controllable DC current source 830 and the transformer 840. Together with the secondary inductor 862, resonant capacitor 854 forms a resonant tank circuit.
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of yet another embodiment of a two stage resonant converter 900 employing a full-bridge converter in accordance with the principles of the present invention. The two stage resonant converter 900 comprises a controllable DC current source 930 and a transformer 940. The transformer 940 comprises a first primary winding PI, a first secondary winding SI, and a second secondary winding S2. A first primary switch 942 is coupled between a first terminal of the first primary winding P 1 and the controllable current source 930. A second primary switch 944 is coupled between a second terminal of the first primary winding PI and the controllable current source 930. A third primary switch 946 is coupled between the first terminal of the first primary winding PI and the controllable current source 930. A fourth primary switch 948 is coupled between the second terminal of the first primary winding PI and the controllable current source 930. The first primary switch 942 and the third primary switch 946 are coupled to the first terminal of the first primary winding PI through a common node 950. The second primary switch 944 and the fourth primary switch 948 are coupled to the second terminal of the first primary winding P 1 through a common node 952.
In some embodiments, a primary inductor 956 is coupled between the first terminal of the first primary winding PI and the common node 950 of the first primary switch 942 and the third primary switch 946. In some embodiments, a resonant capacitor 954 is coupled between the controllable DC current source 930 and the transformer 940. Together with the primary inductor 956, resonant capacitor 954 forms a resonant tank circuit. In some embodiments, a first secondary switch 960 is coupled between the first secondary winding SI and the output of the isolated buck-type converter, and a second secondary switch 962 is coupled between the second secondary winding S2 and the output of the isolated buck-type converter. In some embodiments, the output of the isolated buck-type converter is coupled to a load resistor 958. In some embodiments, an output capacitor 968 is coupled in parallel between the transformer 940 and the output of the isolated buck-type converter. In some embodiments, a ground terminal 964 is coupled between the transformer 940 and the output of the isolated buck-type converter.
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of a two stage resonant converter 1000 employing a half-bridge converter in accordance with the principles of the present invention. The two stage resonant converter 1000 comprises a controllable DC current source 1030 and a transformer 1040. The transformer 1040 comprises a first primary winding PI, a first secondary winding SI, and a second secondary winding S2. A first primary switch 1042 is coupled between a first terminal of the first primary winding PI and the controllable current source 1030. A second primary switch 1044 is coupled between the first terminal of the first primary winding PI and the controllable current source 1030. The first primary switch 1042 and the second primary switch 1044 are coupled to the first terminal of the first primary winding PI through a common node 1046.
In some embodiments, a first secondary diode 1058 is coupled between the first secondary winding S 1 and the output of the isolated buck-type converter, and a second secondary diode 1060 is coupled between the second secondary winding S2 and the output of the isolated buck-type converter. In some embodiments, the output of the isolated buck-type converter is coupled to a load resistor 1056. In some embodiments, an output capacitor 1062 is coupled in parallel between the transformer 1040 and the output of the isolated buck- type converter. In some embodiments, a primary inductor 1054 is coupled between the first terminal of the first primary winding PI and the common node 1046 of the first primary switch 1042 and the second primary switch 1044. In some embodiments, a first resonant capacitor 1048 and a second resonant capacitor 1050 are coupled between the controllable DC current source 1030 and the transformer 1040. In some embodiments, first resonant capacitor 1048 and second resonant capacitor 1050 are coupled to the second terminal of the first primary winding PI through a common node 1052. Together with the primary inductor 1054, first resonant capacitor 1048 and second resonant capacitor 1050 form a resonant tank circuit.
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of a two stage resonant converter 1100 employing a half-bridge converter in accordance with the principles of the present invention. The two stage resonant converter 1100 comprises a controllable DC current source 1130 and a transformer 1140. The transformer 1140 comprises a first primary winding P 1 , a first secondary winding S 1 , and a second secondary winding S2. A first primary switch 1142 is coupled between a first terminal of the first primary winding PI and the controllable current source 1130. A second primary switch 1144 is coupled between the first terminal of the first primary winding PI and the controllable current source 1130. The first primary switch 1142 and the second primary switch 1144 are coupled to the first terminal of the first primary winding PI through a common node 1146.
In some embodiments, a first secondary diode 1156 is coupled between the first secondary winding S 1 and the output of the isolated buck-type converter, and a second secondary diode 1158 is coupled between the second secondary winding S2 and the output of the isolated buck-type converter. In some embodiments, the output of the isolated buck-type converter is coupled to a load resistor 1154. In some embodiments, an output capacitor 1162 is coupled in parallel between the transformer 1140 and the output of the isolated buck- type converter. In some embodiments, a second inductor 1160 is coupled between a common node of the first and second secondary windings S 1 , S2 and the output of the isolated buck- type converter. In some embodiments, a first resonant capacitor 1148 and a second resonant capacitor 1150 are coupled between the controllable DC current source 1130 and the transformer 1140. In some embodiments, first resonant capacitor 1148 and second resonant capacitor 1150 are coupled to the second terminal of the first primary winding PI through a common node 1152. Together with the secondary inductor 1160, first resonant capacitor 1148 and second resonant capacitor 1150 form a resonant tank circuit.
FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of yet another embodiment of a two stage resonant converter 1200 employing a half-bridge converter in accordance with the principles of the present invention. The two stage resonant converter 1200 comprises a controllable DC current source 1230 and a transformer 1240. The transformer 1240 comprises a first primary winding PI, a first secondary winding S 1 , and a second secondary winding S2. A first primary switch 1242 is coupled between a first terminal of the first primary winding PI and the controllable current source 1230. A second primary switch 1244 is coupled between the first terminal of the first primary winding PI and the controllable current source 1230. The first primary switch 1242 and the second primary switch 1244 are coupled to the first terminal of the first primary winding PI through a common node 1246.
In some embodiments, a first secondary switch 1258 is coupled between the first secondary winding S 1 and the output of the isolated buck-type converter, and a second secondary switch 1260 is coupled between the second secondary winding S2 and the output of the isolated buck-type converter. In some embodiments, the output of the isolated buck- type converter is coupled to a load resistor 1256. In some embodiments, an output capacitor 1264 is coupled in parallel between the transformer 1240 and the output of the isolated buck- type converter. In some embodiments, a ground terminal 1262 is coupled between the transformer 1240 and the output of the isolated buck-type converter. In some embodiments, a primary inductor 1254 is coupled between the first terminal of the first primary winding PI and the common node 1246 of the first primary switch 1242 and the second primary switch 1244. In some embodiments, a first resonant capacitor 1248 and a second resonant capacitor 1250 are coupled between the controllable DC current source 1230 and the transformer 1240. In some embodiments, first resonant capacitor 1248 and second resonant capacitor 1250 are coupled to the second terminal of the first primary winding PI through a common node 1252. Together with the primary inductor 1254, first resonant capacitor 1248 and second resonant capacitor 1250 form a resonant tank circuit.
FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of a controllable DC current source 1300 in accordance with the principles of the present invention. The controllable DC current source 1300 comprises an input voltage supply 1310, an input capacitor 1320, a first stage diode 1330, a first stage switch 1340, and a first stage inductor 1350. Input capacitor 1320 is coupled in parallel with input voltage supply 1310, which generates an input supply voltage Vin, and with first stage diode 1330. In some embodiments, first stage switch 1340 is an N-channel MOSFET in enhancement mode. However, it is contemplated that other types of switches can be used as well. A first terminal (or drain) of first stage switch 1340 is coupled to the positive terminal of input voltage supply 1310 and a first terminal of input capacitor 1320. A third terminal (or source) of first stage switch 1340 is coupled to the cathode terminal of first stage diode 1330 and to a first terminal of first stage inductor 1350.
A second terminal of input capacitor 1320 is coupled to the negative terminal of input voltage supply 1310 and to the anode terminal of first stage diode 1330. Additionally, the anode terminal of first stage diode 1330 is also coupled to the negative terminal of input voltage supply 1310. Controllable current source 1300 can be used for any of the controllable DC current sources previously shown and discussed with respect to FIGS. 2-3 and 5-12.
Furthermore, it is contemplated that the present invention can employ alternative
embodiments for the controllable current source other than the design illustrated in FIG. 13.
The present invention has been described in terms of specific embodiments incorporating details to facilitate the understanding of principles of construction and operation of the invention. Such reference herein to specific embodiments and details thereof is not intended to limit the scope of the claims appended hereto. It will be readily apparent to one skilled in the art that other various modifications may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements in the embodiments chosen for illustration without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the claims.

Claims

CLAIMS What is claimed is:
1. A resonant converter comprising:
a controllable current source;
a resonant tank circuit coupled to the current source; and
an isolated buck-type converter coupled to the resonant tank circuit, the isolated buck-type converter having an output,
wherein the resonant tank circuit enables switches in the isolated buck-type converter to switch under soft-switching conditions.
2. The resonant converter of Claim 1 , wherein the controllable current source is a
switch-mode-type current source.
3. The resonant converter of Claim 1, further comprising a power factor correction (PFC) boost converter coupled to an input of the controllable current source, wherein the PFC boost converter is configured to provide a voltage to the input of the controllable current source.
4. The resonant converter of Claim 3, wherein:
the PFC boost converter is configured to provide a DC input voltage to the input of the controllable current source; and
the isolated buck -type converter is configured to provide a DC output voltage to the output of the isolated buck-type converter.
5. The resonant converter of Claim 1, wherein the isolated buck- type converter
comprises one of the group consisting of: a half-bridge converter, a full-bridge converter and a push-pull converter.
6. The resonant converter of Claim 5, wherein the isolated buck- type converter comprises a push-pull converter, the push-pull converter comprising:
a transformer having a first primary winding, a second primary winding, a first secondary winding, and a second secondary winding, wherein the controllable current source is coupled to a node between the first and second primary windings to form a primary center tap;
a first primary switch coupled between the first primary winding and the controllable current source; and
a second primary switch coupled between the second primary winding and the controllable current source.
7. The resonant converter of Claim 6, wherein the push-pull converter further comprises:
a first secondary diode coupled between the first secondary winding and the output of the isolated buck-type converter; and
a second secondary diode coupled between the second secondary winding and the output of the isolated buck-type converter.
8. The resonant converter of Claim 6, wherein the push-pull converter further comprises:
a first primary inductor coupled between the first primary winding and the first primary switch; and
a second primary inductor coupled between the second primary winding and the second primary switch.
9. The resonant converter of Claim 6, wherein the push-pull converter further comprises:
a first secondary inductor coupled between the first secondary winding and the output of the isolated buck-type converter; and
a second secondary inductor coupled between the second secondary winding and the output of the isolated buck-type converter.
10. The resonant converter of Claim 6, wherein the push-pull converter further comprises:
a first secondary switch coupled between the first secondary winding and the output of the isolated buck-type converter; and
a second secondary switch coupled between the second secondary winding and the output of the isolated buck-type converter.
11. The resonant converter of Claim 5, wherein the isolated buck- type converter comprises a full-bridge converter, the full-bridge converter comprising:
a transformer having a first primary winding, a first secondary winding, and a second secondary winding;
a first primary switch coupled between a first terminal of the first primary winding and the controllable current source;
a second primary switch coupled between a second terminal of the first primary winding and the controllable current source;
a third primary switch coupled between the first terminal of the first primary winding and the controllable current source, wherein the first primary switch and the third primary switch are coupled to the first terminal of the first primary winding through a common node; and
a fourth primary switch coupled between the second terminal of the first primary winding and the controllable current source, wherein the second primary switch and the fourth primary switch are coupled to the second terminal of the first primary winding through a common node.
12. The resonant converter of Claim 11, wherein the full-bridge converter further
comprises:
a first secondary diode coupled between the first secondary winding and the output of the isolated buck-type converter; and
a second secondary diode coupled between the second secondary winding and the output of the isolated buck-type converter.
13. The resonant converter of Claim 11, wherein the full-bridge converter further
comprises a primary inductor coupled between the first terminal of the first primary winding and the common node of the first primary switch and the third primary switch.
14. The resonant converter of Claim 11, wherein the full-bridge converter further
comprises a secondary inductor coupled between a common node between the first and second secondary windings and the output of the isolated buck-type converter.
15. The resonant converter of Claim 11, wherein the full-bridge converter further comprises:
a first secondary switch coupled between the first secondary winding and the output of the isolated buck-type converter; and
a second secondary switch coupled between the second secondary winding and the output of the isolated buck-type converter.
16. The resonant converter of Claim 5, wherein the isolated buck-type converter
comprises a half-bridge converter, the half-bridge converter comprising:
a transformer having a first primary winding, a first secondary winding, and a second secondary winding;
a first primary switch coupled between a first terminal of the first primary winding and the controllable current source; and
a second primary switch coupled between the first terminal of the first primary winding and the controllable current source, wherein the first primary switch and the second primary switch are coupled to the first terminal of the first primary winding through a common node.
17. The resonant converter of Claim 16, wherein the half-bridge converter further
comprises:
a first secondary diode coupled between the first secondary winding and the output of the isolated buck-type converter; and
a second secondary diode coupled between the second secondary winding and the output of the isolated buck-type converter.
18. The resonant converter of Claim 16, wherein the half-bridge converter further
comprises a primary inductor coupled between the first terminal of the first primary winding and the common node of the first primary switch and the second primary switch.
19. The resonant converter of Claim 16, wherein the half-bridge converter further
comprises a secondary inductor coupled between a common node between the first and second secondary windings and the output of the isolated buck-type converter.
0. The resonant converter of Claim 16, wherein the half-bridge converter further comprises:
a first secondary switch coupled between the first secondary winding and the output of the isolated buck-type converter; and
a second secondary switch coupled between the second secondary winding and the output of the isolated buck-type converter.
PCT/US2011/033474 2010-04-22 2011-04-21 Two stage resonant converter WO2011133801A1 (en)

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KR1020127027510A KR101865062B1 (en) 2010-04-22 2011-04-21 Two stage resonant converter
CA2796757A CA2796757C (en) 2010-04-22 2011-04-21 Two stage resonant converter
JP2013506310A JP5903427B2 (en) 2010-04-22 2011-04-21 Resonant converter
EP11772725.5A EP2561604A4 (en) 2010-04-22 2011-04-21 Two stage resonant converter
CN201180029277.1A CN102948057B (en) 2010-04-22 2011-04-21 The two-stage resonant vibration converter of the soft handover in support isolation level

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US12/765,412 US8964413B2 (en) 2010-04-22 2010-04-22 Two stage resonant converter enabling soft-switching in an isolated stage

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CA2796757C (en) 2018-02-20
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US20110261590A1 (en) 2011-10-27
JP5903427B2 (en) 2016-04-13

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