WO2011128524A1

WO2011128524A1 - Wall for protection against tsunamis

Info

Publication number: WO2011128524A1
Application number: PCT/FR2011/000204
Authority: WO
Inventors: Guy Le Vavasseur
Original assignee: Guy Le Vavasseur
Priority date: 2010-04-12
Filing date: 2011-04-08
Publication date: 2011-10-20
Also published as: WO2011128524A4; FR2958666B1; WO2011128524A8; FR2958666A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a wall for protection against tsunamis and earthquakes which is sufficiently buried so as to protect populations from the power of tsunamis or waves generated by a powerful storm which are capable of flooding a territory. On the ocean side, it is provided in the form of a wall in the shape of a half-oval resembling that of a wave, and reinforced at the end thereof by a plate made of polycarbonate, or an equivalent material, having a length of 2 m and a thickness of 20 cm embedded in the end of the wall. The opposite part, on the land side, has a convex shape, and includes in the lower portion thereof — in a land version, but not in the maritime version — a ditch made of concrete (DEFG) having a depth of at least 2 m, reinforced by inclined metal reinforcement bars (HI), to collect any runoff water. In a maritime dam, the maritime shape thereof is similar and it is extended on the river side by a symmetric structure to prevent the loss of fresh water and to convey it by pipelines to regions having a water deficit.

Description

REMPART ANTITSUNAMI

In 2004, an earthquake in Indonesia caused tsunamis that killed hundreds of thousands of people in Indonesia, Thailand and Sri Lanka.

These events have led to patent-based searches, mainly by Japanese, Russians and Chinese, to build antitsunami breakwaters and systems for the survival of coastal residents. Some breakwaters have been the subject of patents in the field and in particular, a patent filed in 2008 called "tsunami protection dike" providing a concave surface of the wall facing the sea. In its design, this breakwater could not not prevent waves of tsunami from passing over the breakwater, but only to slow down the power of the tsunami.

1 ₀ Others are interested in the detection means to warn people of a possible tsunami risk to enable them to seek refuge in backcountry. But no one has been interested in building a real anti-tsunami bulwark to protect people and their property and infrastructure.

Formerly, in the Middle Ages, cities and castles protected themselves against their enemies with the help of walled enclosures and sometimes by a double line of ramparts as in Carcassonne. Most of these ramparts have disappeared to allow the extension of cities to their suburbs, and the enemy of the time is no longer the same.

In modern times, with the consequences of greenhouse gases, and of global warming, the enemy has changed and is constituted for the coastal areas by the X.0 sea whose level can, at an unknown date, increase of a significant way or, following earthquakes, tsunamis cause catastrophic consequences for infrastructure, including port, with loss of life. In the meantime, Xynthia-type storms in western France have caused destruction and drowning.

The Aceh earthquake (9.3 on the Richter scale) and its tsunami made humans aware that the sea was a danger like a sword of Damocles over their heads and was not only a fun point to spend your holidays.

The waves constitute an upward and downward movement of the sea under the effect of sea currents and wind.

0 The increase in temperatures due to climate change has the effect

the corollary, with the melting ice of the mountain poles and glaciers, a rise in sea level that no one is able to quantify (from 1 to 70 meters) nor to set the deadline. In the North Atlantic and the Caribbean there are hurricanes or subtropical cyclones quite devastating with strong winds like that of Katrina which flooded the New

$ 2 T Orleans. Long located in these regions, they are being moved and could affect any region of the world. Due to the crossing of Ecuador by the trade winds, the intertropical zone is often swept by heavy monsoon rains sometimes covering 80% of their water supplies, but causing, as in 2010-2011, significant floods.

h _Q Europe is beginning to be hit by storms such as Xynthia, which are severe low-pressure atmospheric disturbances accompanied by strong winds and heavy precipitation on the coast and inland.

It can happen that some storms cause tidal waves with a huge wave of 20 to 30 meters in height.

In addition, an earthquake or an underwater eruption or landslide can be the cause of a superficial ocean wave with a wave up to 45 meters and called "tsunami" that can cause significant damage to hundreds of kilometers of the place of the show. The tsunami (Japanese word), sometimes accompanied by earthquakes are more common in the "Pacific Fire Belt", area bordered by deep o marine pits and volcanic areas, but no region can really be

considered safe.

Previous patents have been taken in the tsunami breakwater area, but the disadvantage of breakwaters is that if they partially break the power of the waves, which is their purpose in mitigating potential damage, The waves can pass overhead and damage the infrastructure of the country and cause loss of life. A single Chinese patent provides a part of my invention, namely to give a concave shape to the front face of a breakwater. An American patent has had the ambition to create a dam and not a rampart, with a slightly oval structure oriented towards the sea to allow road traffic superstructure of the dike, but his claims are limited.

Few patents have been aimed at trying to protect people and property behind an anti-tsunami bulwark or against storms, especially in low-lying island parts of the ocean.

In an attempt to save people and property, an antitsunami rampart - or two staggered antitsunami ramparts, one of which can be advanced into the sea - may be needed to "break" the impact of tsunami or storm surges forty-five meters high regardless of sea level rise.

The invention relates not to a dike, but a real antitsunami rampart. It _was the bulwark is not vertical as were the ramparts moyennageux but with a concave surface in the semi oval extending to the summit of 60 to 80 m and more.

The end of the half-oval of the rampart is its most vulnerable part, because its thickness is less than the rest of the rampart. It should therefore be reinforced by a lightweight material, but high strength. A polycarbonate blade is a material both lightweight and with high resistance, so as to push the sea backwards, so in the opposite direction of its normal trajectory. This wall can be built on land to protect a city, including port or an island or a territory or an entire country, taking into account the need for underground rock and fortify the shoreline continuously.

It can happen that the elevation of the sea level or the conjunction of this elevation and the force of a wave of tsunami stronger than that of waves previously known causes a temporary partial submersion of the antitsunami rampart. We can not allow this submersion to flood the rest of the territory to be protected. It is therefore necessary to provide for the recovery of runoff water in a ditch or ditch around the earth-side wall to carry this water in a cistern or a sewer.

In a maritime version of the antitsunami rampart implanted in the sea, this ditch is useless and the face opposite to the sea does not include it. In a tourist attraction, a marina is built, inland, behind the rampart. The problem it causes is the entry or exit of boats if the level of the oceans varies in height. The best solution is to create a metal lock whose sea side has the same shape as the antitsunami ram, and whose opening and closing is actuated by jacks.

To avoid flooding in the interior, a rampart not in the form of an antitsunami rampart is built around the marina and, if necessary, along the junction channel to the sea.

In the case of an island forming part of an archipelago, it is necessary to ensure communications by boats or planes or seaplanes with the other islands. As there is no question, for financial reasons and resistance, opening doors in the antitsunami rampart, the best solution is to provide reinforced concrete communications going deep below the antitsunami rampart.

Access is via a pedestrian inclined plane leading to an armored door, then through a submarine passage leading to a new security door (such as a fire door) to end in a reinforced concrete building sunk into the ground. floor of the sea and equipped with an elevator and / or a staircase leading to landings. Each of these bearings makes it possible, through an armored door - depending on the sea level - to access floating pontoons where mooring docks are provided for transferring passengers to boats or

seaplanes.

In a tunnel version in car or rail version there is a continuity of circulation as in a conventional tunnel but this can only be considered if the island where the tunnel ends is itself protected by an antitsunami rampart.

In the case of a coast to be protected by an antitsunami rampart, it is necessary to fortify the shoreline continuously to avoid infiltrations at the ends of the rampart allowing the sea to circumvent it and submerge the territory protected by the rampart.

It may happen that in the coast to be protected is one or more major sites to protect as constituting a vital issue for a country or region.

This was particularly the case in Japan with its nuclear plants affected by the tsunami deSendai of 11 March 2011 but unprotected. This may also be the case for high-risk "Seveso" sites or oil or gas terminals. These major sites should be projected by a double wall (sea and land) and both with earthquake-resistant building standards.

In the zone protected by the rampart, it can be the delta of a river, either several branches, or to a single mouth more or less wide. To avoid flooding of the land by the river, it is necessary to build an antitsunami rampart on each bank of the river upstream of the dam.

A dam is an artificial structure that cuts off the bed of a watercourse and is usually used to regulate it, provide towns with water, or irrigate

crops or to produce energy or to protect a population in case of floods. There are several types of reservoir dams, including masonry and concrete dams (gravity dams, arch dams, buttress dams), embankment dams, rockfill dams, homogeneous earth dams or dams. in heterogeneous earth.

) ϋ All existing dams have a major disadvantage which is ecologically permanent drowning, under their reservoirs, agricultural land or forests and sometimes villages, with consequences including pre-existing flora and fauna, and sometimes on the climate of the region.

None are designed to protect upstream land from the potential rise in the sea level, while restoring a country's water table.

Freshwater represents barely 2 to 3% of the world's water. Every year, billions of cubic meters of fresh water flow into the sea, which is a pure loss to the water needs of human populations. hundreds of thousands of men around the world are dying for lack of sufficient drinking water to ensure their survival, because

l ₀ resource is unevenly distributed in the world.

A day will come when the value of water will exceed that of fossil energy: it is possible by decreasing its comfort of living without oil, but you can not live without water!

Climatic phenomena, including the increase in temperature linked to the greenhouse effect, result in melting ice, both in the mountains and in the Arctic and Antarctic, and therefore an increase in the level of the seas and oceans , which accumulates with the freshwater weir that are the mouths of the rivers. Why lose all this fresh water that will one day form a new "deluge", but salty!

Is it not better to recover this precious water through a dam (s) built along the water and at its mouth and at the same time protect a part of the land $ 3 emerged? It is this type of dam, few of which exist in the world but i only for the purpose of submarine energy recovery such as that of the Rance, which is part of this patent.

However, it stands out for its purpose that is not energetic - this function can be optional - but defensive, and therefore in relief to protect the emerged lands and their water potential before it is too late!

Built continuously in the antitsunami and anti-seismic rampart, this sea dam is not vertical as were the middle ramparts, but with a concave half-oval surface extending to the top, and terminated by a high-strength polycarbonate blade, forming the end of the half -ovale, so as to push ^ ₀ the sea rearwardly in case of storm or tsunami, so in the opposite direction of its trajectory normal. It is built taking into account the need for basement rock and fortify the shoreline continuously.

Electrical resistors embedded in the concrete of the sea side wall recover the kinetic energy of the wave force and transform it into electricity.

5 On the ground side and in one piece with the first, a symmetrical wall ninety meters high, but devoid of polycarbonate plate, is planned.

In the bottom of the dam, nozzles and water intakes with suction pumps transfer the water into pipelines for transport to the regions.

hydrically deficient. There, part of the water is treated by a system allowing its purification for human consumption and is stored in a tablecloth

water. The other part is derived from a separate water table whose contents are used for industrial or agricultural purposes or discharged into an upstream river for navigation during low water periods.

In the case of a river of great width, it is preferable to cut the river in (* ⁾ several dams juxtaposed and interconnected, rather than having a single very large dam undergoing greater pressure.

Industrially speaking, the antitsunami rampart first has to drill holes deep enough in rocky soil, and drive piles into it so as to anchor it strongly, so that the force of the waves can overthrow the rampart.

VU It is then necessary to pour reinforced concrete, on a height of sixty to ninety meters, according to the shape of a half-oval facing the sea.

Resistors during concrete casting are embedded in the concrete on the sea side

On the back side is cast a counter-fort having a convex shape integrally integral with the front face.

M In the case of a sea dam, the principle is the same over a height of sixty to ninety meters high, but the rear face has a symmetrical shape, while not surmounted by a plate of polycarbonate.

The accompanying drawings illustrate the invention:

FIG. 1 represents in section the device of the invention, the antitsunami bulwark, object 3o of a patent of the same inventor

Figure 2 shows in section the rear part of this basic device.

Figure 3 shows in section the construction device of the maritime dam.

Figure 4 shows the dam in aerial type view, but filled.

Figure 5 shows a possible aerial view of a dam on a wide but filled river.

Figure 6 shows the barrage in aerial type view, but empty.

Figure 7 shows a part of the pipeline network in its terminal phase.

With reference to drawings 1 and 2, the device consists, on the sea side, of a "wall" having an oval shape, giving it the shape of a wave, and reinforced in its upper part by a polycarbonate plate or of a material having a resistance Continuous equivalent (BC) of at least two meters long and 20 cm thick embedded in the upper part of the rampart. This plate is intended to extend the half-oval, it will strengthen resistance to the sea, and help to push the waves backwards.

Figure 2 depicts the opposite side of the earth. It is convex and includes,

$ to about 150 cm from the ground, in its lower part - in a terrestrial version - a concrete ditch (DEFG) about two meters deep, but reinforced by inclined metal reinforcement beams (HI). This ditch is intended to collect any water from

runoff that may have crossed the polycarbonate sheet, as the strength of tsunami waves may vary especially if sea level has increased in the meantime.

This ditch goes around the ramparts inside and is connected by a ditch or a ditch to a storage tank. Out of the storm, he collects rainwater.

In a possible maritime version, this gap does not exist; it is replaced by reinforced concrete continuously in extension of the rear face

The inner edge of the ditch is protruded by a triangular surface so as to protect the entire device, and steel beams are recessed at intervals to connect the end and the friangujaire surface to the convex rear surface of the rampart. , so as to strengthen the whole, in the extension of its slope

pn reference to Figure 3, I device es | formed, sea coast, of a "wall" (1A) having oval shape, giving it the shape of a wave, and reinforced in its upper part by

Une¾ a polycarbonate sheet or material having a constant equivalent strength (BC) two to four meters long and 20 cm thick embedded in the upper part of the wall. This plate (BBCC), half (AACC) is embedded in the end of the wall, is intended to extend the half-oval which strengthens resistance to the sea _v and help to push the waves backwards .

Sur> On the backside, is poured a symmetrical wall (TV2), intended to constitute a reservoir of water coming from the river to bar and to pump. The rear face (V) does not have a polycarbonate plate at the end, but it is built in one piece with the sea side. In the superstructure, there is a space (T) intended to collect the maritime waters that can crossing the sea-side polycarbonate sheet, allowing the passage of a road

It will follow the axis of the river whose banks will be fortified either on the same principle as in Figure 1, or both, or in the hypothesis of a half-dam, without the part with polycarbonate plate.

With reference to FIG. 6, the shape of the upstream dam resembles a conventional "U" shaped dam, anchored to boreholes with metal girders, but whose bottom is concreted, with taps metallic water and filters to prevent dead bodies from obstructing them. These water intakes (U) with suction pumps are connected underground by pipes to metal pipes or pipe-lines (L).

In the same way, at least four (or six depending on the flow of the river) side nozzles (Z) with filters are built in the side walls of the dam and connected to water pipelines (L).

Referring to Figure 7, the pipelines from the dam are grouped into larger diameter (L) pipelines to supply deficit groundwater or to export water by pipeline, - and not by tankers as it was the case between Marseilles and Barcelona - towards deficit countries, even monen- ternally.

Solar photovoltaic panels are installed if electricity generation needs are needed.

These pipelines have a profile that can create mini waterfalls, generators of minicentrales electric or settling tanks to remove impurities in suspension. I Q In some places, they are split into two pipelines: one being treated (O) with a membrane filtration system eliminating viruses and other nanoparticles in a process of potabilization will be intended exclusively for the

human consumption, and the other (N), which is not undergoing any treatment or purification, will be used for agriculture, watering and industry, or for spilling upstream into • watercourses to maintain water quality. water level and ensure navigation. This has for

consequence of creating two water tables for example by department, these two layers (P and Q) must be imperatively separated.

On the other hand, the coastline will need to be fortified continuously to prevent seawater from getting around the dam, seeping into the hinterland and making it ineffective.

If water needs arise in other parts of a country, it may be

considered the connection of additional derivative pipelines for example to allow the injection of large water bodies without impacting local water tables.

There are inevitably pieces of region sacrificed, for lack of armourstone sufficiently resistant. In the case of expropriation, the buildings therein must not be destroyed, but must be filled with concrete to turn them into breakwaters against large waves.

To ease the pressure on the last dam before the sea, it is possible to envisage the construction of several dams along the water, but with the same anti-seismic principle of concrete bottoms, water intakes and nozzles connected to pipe-lines as before, and o concreting the upstream bottoms of any existing dams and providing them with water intakes (U) and nozzles (Z) connected to pipelines as before.

If the mouth of the river is in the form of a delta, it is necessary to build as many sea dams as branches of the delta.

Figure 5 describes how to consider dam construction if the mouth of the $ 3 river has a very large width. To envisage a single dam subjected to both the pressure of the sea and that of the flow of the river requires a work of art of considerable dimensions and expensive.

Consequently, it is better to create several "U" dams side by side and integral with each other, with water intakes and nozzles connected to pipelines at the bottom of the river to pump water two dams similar to that of Figure 3. These Pipelines are extended by larger pipelines.

If rocky points can not be found on the river bed to anchor the structure, the dam will be built further upstream, and, if applicable, directly above the first tributary upstream, unless a rampart is built in the main riverbed and a second in the tributary with the same characteristics as the main dam.

If the aim of the Antitsunami Storm is to protect an island, it must be taken into account that an island often has limited energy capabilities. The use of ecological energy sources is one way to overcome these deficiencies. The most classic currently are photovoltaics and wind. The art work of the antitsunami rampart has on its convex side walls of exposure to the sun on the opposite side to the sea

Photovoltaic cells can be glued to create electricity that can illuminate a population or desalinate seawater to supply drinking water to a city or port or ¾e or up country.

Sensors or electrical resistors are inserted into the concrete on the sea side to capture the kinetic energy of the waves and turn it into tidal power.

For tourism purposes and to allow inter-island cruises, a marina is built inside the protected area by the antitsunami rampart and serves as shelter in case of bad weather maritime.

Its problem is to allow the boats which are anchored to enter and to go out to sea, without this one coming to submerge by difference of level the city protected by the rampart.

One of the rare solutions is to replace the part of the concrete rampart on this section by a metal wall, having the same shape with a polycarbonate plate, but equipped with an all-metal lock and operating with hydraulic cylinders; in this case, this marina, equipped with a lock, is built with classic vertical walls without polycarbonate plate as to protect a city.

To allow sea-side communications with the outside world, the rampart can not be punctured so as not to diminish its resistance and efficiency; on the other hand, it is possible to dig underground pedestrian passages and then submarines outside the rampart. These passages are made of reinforced concrete or equivalent to give access to exterior concrete structures with stairs (or elevator) that can communicate through armored doors. These doors, according to the level of the Ocean, open on floating pontoons allowing the boarding of passengers, for example on boats or seaplanes.

In a more elaborate version, a submarine road tunnel connects a new city to an old city, provided that the second one is protected by an antitsunami rampart, so as to protect the new city in case of raising the level of the ocean.

In the case of one kilometer of antitsunami wall according to Figures 1 and 2, in a terrestrial version with a height of 70 meters high and 53.60 meters deep, the need for reinforced concrete is approximately 1 235 000 m3 polycarbonate 400 to 800 m3, and in metal ditch reinforcement, 200 metal beams of about 2 m. In the maritime version, these requirements would be around 1 240 000 m3 of reinforced concrete and 400 to 800 m3 of polycarbonate.

For reasons of budgetary savings, a version of less height can be considered with the same profile wall antitsunami, but it is to take the risk of decreased efficiency and a result with the disadvantage of being insufficient especially in the long run.

Claims

1) An antitsunami rampart characterized by the fact that it has a minimum height of sixty to eighty meters high, above the upper level of the highest tide to avoid a submersion of the environment that it must protect and by the fact that its sea side outer face has a rather oval shape so tsunami waves in their Γ trajectory follow the shape of the rampart and are returned back.

2) antitsunami ram according to claim 1, characterized in that its upper end (A) is formed continuously of a polycarbonate (BC) plate at least two meters long and 20 cm thick , embedded in the concrete and completing the half-oval with respect to the base, this plate directed towards the wave constituting the part

\\ superior of the rampart and contributing to reinforce it.

3) antitsunami rampart according to claims 1 and 2, characterized by the existence in a terrestrial version - but not in a version of maritime pre-rampart - of a concrete ditch (DEFG) of at least two meters depth of in order to collect any runoff water that has passed through the polycarbonate plate, the opposite edge being of triangular shape, but secured to the convex portion of the wall by metal beams recessed from one side to the other and inclined (HI) in the axis of the convex rear part of the rampart.

4) Antitsunami rampart according to claims 1, 2 and 3 characterized by the absence in a version of maritime pre-bulwark, the concrete ditch with metal girders

2 only exists in the terrestrial version, and the concave part of which will be in one piece with the part facing the tsunami.

5) antitsunami ram according to claims 1 and 2 characterized in that the structure, which has a shape evoking the shape of a wave, is anchored in the ground by vertical beams (JK), and is made of reinforced concrete, or another component having a

Superior resistance while having antiseismic characteristics.

6) antitsunami rampart according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in an island option, photovoltaic panels are optionally bonded to the convex portion of the wall subjected to maximum solar radiation to provide electricity that can illuminate the city or desalt seawater to supply the city with fresh water, according to the reverse membrane process.

7) Antitsunami rampart according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that sensors inserted into the concrete can capture the kinetic energy of vaguer and turn into tidal electricity.

8) antitsunami rampart according to claims 1 and 2 characterized in that, in a marina version, the same structure can be metallic with the same form of antitsunami bulwark and open and close with the help of hydraulic cylinders for access to a marina with a lock, but surrounded by conventional vertical walls without polycarbonate as to protect a yille.

9) antitsunami rampart according to claim 8, characterized by the fact that for 4 · $ to allow an exit of an island, submarine pedestrian inclined planes with doors armored accesses provide access to underground passages and underwater ramparts consisting of concrete structures with elevator / or stairs to communicate by armored doors opening on floating pontoons for the boarding of passengers for example on boats or seaplanes. These structures are preferably close to the lock of the marina so that in case of tsunami warning, the pontoons can be towed to the shelter in the marina.

10) antitsunami rampart according to claims there 4 characterized in that to protect a sensitive site, an antitsunami and antiseismic rampart is built on earth according to claims 1 to 5, and that, in front of this rampart, is built in the sea an antitsunami seawall and anti-seismic with neighboring features intended to break the shock of the tsunami wave, before it eventually reaches the second rampart.

1 l) antitsunami rampart according to claim 9 characterized in that to allow a road exit to another island or agglomeration, a road tunnel or underwater railway is constructed provided that the interconnected islands are protected if by a Antitsunami rampart.

12) Antitsunami rampart in a version of Maritime dam according to claim 1 characterized in that it has at least a height of sixty to ninety-two meters high, above the upper level of the highest tide for avoid submerging the environment that it must protect, the populations and infrastructures located near the mouths, but also that it avoids an unnecessary loss of freshwater and that the structure (1ATW2), which has a double wave shape, is anchored in the ground by vertical beams (JK), and is made of reinforced concrete or another component having superior strength while having anti-seismic characteristics.

13) Antitsunami ram in a version of Maritime dam according to claim 1 characterized in that the structure (1ATW2) is formed at the base as a sea side antitsunami wall in a rather oval shape, and that its upper end (A) consists of a continuous polycarbonate (BBCC) plate at least two to four meters long and 20 cm thick, half of which (AACC) is embedded in the concrete and almost half an oval report at the base so tsunami waves ¾ in their trajectory follow the shape of the rampart and are returned back.

14) Antitsunami rampart in a version of Maritime dam according to claims 1 and 2 characterized in that it is formed at the base as an antitsunami wall with a polycarbonate plate (BC), while the dam side it n There is no polyurethane plate, the two waves (1ATW2) being integral with each other, to δ strengthen the structure like a reservoir tank land side.

15) antitsunami rampart in a version of maritime dam according to one of the preceding claims characterized in that its bottom at the foot of the wall must be concreted, its general structure has the shape of a "U", that takes water (U) embedded in the concrete are provided at the bottom with filters against dead bodies and that side nozzles (Z) with filters and suction pumps, located in the walls reduce the water pressure from upstream to the marine dam.

16) Antitsunami rampart in a version of Marine dam according to claims 13 and 14 characterized in that the water intakes U are at the bottom of the dam, and the nozzles (Z) with suction pumps are in the walls side of the dam and that they will be connected by pipes to pipe-lines (L), with a view to supplying this water to the regions having, temporarily or permanently, water deficits, so as to ensure a better distribution of water. water in a country or region.

17) Antitsunami rampart in a version of Maritime dam according to 0 claims 1, 12 and 15 characterized in that some of the pipelines are split, from a certain point: one (M) will be treated with a purification unit (O) membrane filtration type eliminating viruses and other nanoparticles according to a developed process taking into account this feature and the other (N) is not subject to any prior treatment if not a filtration. The waters thus treated are stored in them

(P and Q), the first (P) of which is reserved only for the

human water consumption and the other (Q) for industrial and agricultural purposes or watering or discharge into the wild or in rivers to maintain the water level during low water, or transported to countries with need, either temporarily or over a longer period.

> 18) Antitsunami rampart in a version of Maritime Dam according to one of the

preceding claims, characterized in that it may be completed over water by half-dams concrete bottom, and on the tributaries (whose banks must be fortified to protect the pumping system), with water intakes (U) and nozzles (W). the same type, or, as a precautionary measure, in case the level of saline water rise exceeds the forecasts of the disaster scenarios, by "maritime" type dams according to claim 1.

19) Antitsunami rampart in a version of Maritime dam according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that any dams existing upstream must have a concrete bottom, that water intakes (U) are embedded therein , that v side nozzles (W) with suction pumps are built in their side walls and that the whole is connected by piping either to an independent water pipeline network or to the existing water pipeline network ( L) and by the fact that if the river divides into arms forming a delta, there is a similar maritime dam on each arm and that if the mouth of the river has a very great width, either one builds as many maritime dams coast integral side 5 ^" of each other, according to the features of the preceding claims, or

transforms the base of the U into a longitudinal structure like a conventional dam, but reinforcing the central part, while maintaining the concrete structures and their points of water intake, creating on each side infrastructures similar to those of

previous claims ..

, ⁰ 20) Antitsunami rampart in a version of Maritime Dam according to one of the previous claims, characterized in that the shoreline must be continuously fortified by anti-seismic antitsunami walls to protect hinterlands from the hazards of possible storms or tsunamis, and to prevent the sea dam from being bypassed.

21) Antitsunami rampart in a version of Maritime dam on a river of large width according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is composed of as many side by side dams as necessary, that the parts in "U" two dams side by side are common and that their nozzles and intakes are sucked up to common pipelines and that they are placed in the bottom of the river to regroup them little by little upstream once the river is less wide. If rocky points can not be found in the river bed to anchor the structure, the dam is built further upstream, and, where applicable, perpendicular to the first tributary upstream, unless a rampart is built cjans the bed of the main river and a second in one of the affluent with} ps ii) êrrjg ^r 'characteristics as those of the main dam.