WO2011119048A1 - Composition alimentaire permettant de prévenir contre l'infection ou l'infestation d'un parasite chez le poisson - Google Patents

Composition alimentaire permettant de prévenir contre l'infection ou l'infestation d'un parasite chez le poisson Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011119048A1
WO2011119048A1 PCT/NO2011/000107 NO2011000107W WO2011119048A1 WO 2011119048 A1 WO2011119048 A1 WO 2011119048A1 NO 2011000107 W NO2011000107 W NO 2011000107W WO 2011119048 A1 WO2011119048 A1 WO 2011119048A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fish
trans
feed
alkadienal
decadienal
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PCT/NO2011/000107
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English (en)
Inventor
José Miguel TRONCOSO KIRSTEN
Jorge Eduardo Pino Marambio
Nestor Javier GONZÁLEZ FORETIC
Dr. José Luis GONZÁLEZ VECINO
Adel El-Mowafi
Kari Ruohonen
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Ewos Innovation As
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Publication of WO2011119048A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011119048A1/fr

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/105—Aliphatic or alicyclic compounds

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a fish feed and to a composition as given in the preamble of the claims 1 and 17.
  • the invention also relates to a use of a composition and methods of preventing an infection and/or infestation of a parasite in fish.
  • Sea lice (Caligus rogercresseyi) infestation is for the time being one of the most important health challenges for the salmon production industry. This external parasite impairs production efficiency, causes stress and damages to the fish and is as a secondary infection a possible vector for other pathogens like the Infectious Salmon Anaemia virus (ISAv) and the Piscirickettsia salmonis.
  • ISAv Infectious Salmon Anaemia virus
  • infestation rates have increased significantly mainly affecting species like the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), Rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss) and Coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch).
  • sea lice infestations are considered as one of the most serious health problems in aquaculture of Salmon. This higher infestation rate is probably a consequence of a combination of factors including the development of extensive resistances of the sea lice to most of the applied chemical antiparasite agents used in treatment today.
  • the objective of the present invention is thus to provide new effective agents and methods for inhibiting the infestation of sea lice and other copepod parasites in fish, which are not harmful for the fish or to the environment.
  • a first aspect of the present invention relates to a fish feed comprising conventional feed ingredients such as protein, lipid, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals, wherein said fee comprises an alkadienal, optionally substituted in one or several positions with fluoride, chloride, hydroxyl or C1-C4 alkyl. Preferable, said alkadienal is not substituted.
  • an alkadiene entity of said alkadienal contains 6 to 16 carbons, more preferable 7-12 carbons.
  • said alkadienal is a decadienal.
  • said alkadienal is 2-4-decadienal.
  • said alkadienal is trans-trans-2-4-decadienal.
  • said alkadienal is extracted from peanut oil, potato juice, diatoms, algae or marine fungus.
  • the concentration of said alkadienal is 0.0009 wt% or more of the feed wet weight.
  • said fish feed is for a species selected from the family of Salmonidae.
  • the Salmonidae is selected from Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), Rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss), Coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), and Artie charr (Salvelinus alpinus).
  • the feed is for a fish in fish farming.
  • the fish feed is for use in the inhibition of parasitic infections and/or infestation to a fish fed said fish feed, and/or for the treatment and/or prophylaxis of infection of said fish.
  • the fish feed for use in the treatment and/or prophylaxis of infection and/or infestation of an ectoparasite.
  • the fish feed is for use in the treatment and/or prophylaxis of infection and/or infestation of sea lice.
  • the fish feed is for use in the treatment and/or prophylaxis of infection and/or infestation of sea lice in salmonids.
  • the sea lice are a Copepod species belonging to the family of Caligidae, preferably selected from Caligus rogercresseyi, Caligus elongatus, and
  • a second aspect of the present invention relates to a composition
  • a composition comprising an alkadienal, optionally substituted optionally substituted in one or several positions with fluoride, chloride, hydroxyl or C1-C4 alkyl, for the treatment and/or prophylaxis of a parasite infection and/or infestation in a fish.
  • in said composition is injected intraperitoneally to said fish.
  • said composition is administered to said fish in an amount corresponding to 2.37 mg to 60 mg of said alkadienal per day, more preferable in an amount corresponding to 2.37 mg to 28 mg per day, and more preferably in a concentration of less than 28 mg per day.
  • said composition is administered to said fish orally.
  • said amount of alkadienal given orally to said fish is 0.013 mg to 0.026 mg per day, more preferable in an amount of 0.013 mg to 0.020 mg per day, and more preferably in an amount of 0.020 mg or less per day.
  • said alkadienal is not substituted.
  • an alkadiene entity of said alkadienal contains 6 to 16 carbons, more preferable 7-12 carbons.
  • said alkadienal is a decadienal.
  • said alkadienal is 2-4-decadienal.
  • said alkadienal is trans-trans-2-4-decadienal.
  • said alkadienal is extracted from peanut oil, potato juice, diatoms, algae or marine fungus.
  • said fish feed is for a species selected from the family of Salmonidae.
  • the Salmonidae is selected from Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), Rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss), Coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), and Artie charr (Salvelinus alpinus).
  • said parasite is an ectoparasite.
  • said ectoparasite is sea lice.
  • said sea lice are a Copepod species belonging to the family of Caligidae, preferably selected from Caligus rogercresseyi, Caligus elongatus, and
  • a third aspect of the present invention relates to a use of a composition according to one of the claims 17-32 for the manufacturing of a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment and/or prophylaxis of parasite infection and/or infestation.
  • said parasite is sea lice, and wherein the composition is used for the treatment and/or prophylaxis of a fish, such as a Salmonidae is selected from
  • a fourth aspect of the present invention relates to a method for preventing an infection and/or infestation with a parasite in fish characterized in that the fish is administered a composition according to any of the claims 17-32, or fed a feed according to any of the claims 1-16.
  • the amount of ingested trans-trans-2-4-decadienal is at least 0.052 mg/fish, preferably from 0.052 mg to 0.311 mg/fish.
  • the fish are fed said feed for at least 4 days, preferably for a period between 4 and 12 days.
  • a fifth aspect of the present invention relates to a method for inhibition of the frontal filament eversion in sea lice copepodids and/or for reducing the maturation, the reproductive ability of sea lice and/or the occurrence of sea lice larvae, and/or for reducing the number of sea lice in nauplius II developmental stage, wherein the fish is administered a composition according to any of the claims 17-32, or fed a feed according to any of the claims 1 -16.
  • the amount of ingested trans-trans-2-4-decadienal is at least 0.052 mg/fish, preferably from 0.052 mg to 0.311 mg/fish.
  • the fish are fed said feed for at least 4 days, preferably for a period between 4 and 12 days, and more preferable for at least 12 days.
  • a representative compound is CAS No. [25152-84-5] with the formula:
  • trans-trans-2-4-decadienal did not or only to a low degree affects the infestation with sea lice, it was surprisingly possible to affect the sea lice infestation and quantitative amount indirectly by feeding the fish a diet comprising said active alkadienal compound.
  • the fish does not have to be isolated or removed from the cultivation unit such as a sea cage in order to be treated, since the fish can simplify be fed the diet comprising the active compound.
  • the cultivation unit such as a sea cage
  • fish can simplify be fed the diet comprising the active compound.
  • fish have often to be kept or transferred to an isolated/enclosed unit. This affords more handling and is thus more laborious and is furthermore stressful for the fish.
  • it is thus possible to treat the fish in the cultivation units without isolating the fish.
  • the present invention it was thus possible to identify a new agent suitable for prophylaxis and treatment of ectoparasite infections in fish, which can be
  • Figure 1 shows the trans-trans-2-4-decadienal persistency in sea water during a period of 15 days for three temperatures (10°C, 12°C and 14°C).
  • FIG. 2 shows the Specific Feeding Rate (SFR %) in S. salar obtained daily for each treatment with trans-trans-2-4-decadienal and for the control group.
  • Figure 3 shows estimates of parameters describing the effects of the trans-trans- 2-4-decadienal dose in feed fed to Salmon and of the exposure time on various sea lice (C. rogercresseyi) stages ( Figures 3 A-F).
  • DxT denotes the mean estimate, thick lines 50% confidence intervals and thin lines 95% confidence intervals.
  • Figure 4 shows the frontal filament inhibition of copepodids of C. rogercresseyi.
  • the copepodids were collected from sea lice females of the control feed treatment or from the treatment with feed comprising the higher dose of trans-trans-2-4- decadienal (0.0018 wt % of the feed wet weight). Lower cases indicate statistical significant differences.
  • trans-trans-2-4-decadienal The persistency of trans-trans-2-4-decadienal in sea water was tested for three different temperatures (10°C, 12°C and 14°C).
  • 0.5 g/l of trans-trans-2-4-decadienal was diluted in sea water and incubated in triplicate for each temperature treatment in 250 ml bottles with aeration using an incubator for a period of 15 days.
  • Samples (6 ml/ sample/bottle) were taken at the start of the test and after 1 , 3, 6, 10 and 15 days.
  • trans-trans-2-4-decadienal was extracted in an EFS (Biotage, Uppsala - Sweden) column with a glass cartridge of 6 ml (layer C2 (500 mg) over ENV+ (200 mg)), using one cartridge per each replica.
  • EFS Biotage, Uppsala - Sweden
  • Cartridges were prepared previously with 2 ml of methanol HPLC grade and the methanol was removed with water HPLC grade (2 ml). After the extraction of trans- trans-2-4-decadienal, impurities were removed with more water HPLC grade (2 ml). The chemical compounds absorbed in both phases, C2 and ENV+, were eluted with 2 ml of ethanol HPLC grade.
  • Volatile and non-volatile fractions were obtained through a vacuum distillation. Distillation was performed during 24 hours with a pressure of 0.04 torr and ambient temperature (average 20°C). Liquid to liquid extraction:
  • Volatile (organic) fraction of the distilled was obtained though a liquid to liquid extraction, using diethyl ether (20ml) and distilled ether (3 x 20 ml). Organic phases were mixed and dried with CaSO . The extract obtained was concentrated until 100 ⁇ and stored in vials (-18°C) until further analysis. Trans-trans-2-4-decadienal was determined using GC-MS analysis (Pino-Marambio et a/., 2007).
  • Mucus was obtained directly from Salmo salar. Fish were anaesthetized with AQUI-S (BAYER, Germany) in a bath for about 5 minutes. Mucus was collected by scraping the body of the fish, thereby avoiding any contamination. The collected mucus was frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at -80°C until further use.
  • Mucus samples were defrosted at room temperature and filtrated at 100 ⁇ for the retention of the scales and rest of tissues of fish, if necessary.
  • 1 I of agar comprising mucus as attractant was prepared by dissolving 30 g agar in 1
  • the water temperature in the trial varied between 12°C to 13°C and the oxygen saturation varied from 80% to 110%, with an average of 92%.
  • the Specific Feeding Rate (SFR %) obtained for each treatment was similar in the trial period ( Figure 2).
  • the highest average SFR (1.3 %) was recorded at the seventh day for all treatments, while at the first day the lowest SFR (0.57%) was recorded for doses 0.0009% of trans-trans-2-4-decadienal in feed and 0.0018% of trans-trans-2- 4-decadienal in feed, compared to the control (SFR 0.7%).
  • the amount of trans- trans-2-4-decadienal consumed per fish is shown in Table 3.
  • Table 3 Average specific growth rate (SFR), average fish weight, time (days), feed consumed (g), concentration of trans-trans-2-4-decadienal (%) and amount of trans- trans-2-4-decadienal consumed per fish.
  • the trans-trans-2-4-decadienal dose did not show any effect on the total larvae count, while the exposure time affected the total larvae count (Figure 3D).
  • Figure 3D The latter is explainable by the constant release of larvae from the egg strings and their accumulation in the different larvae life stages (nauplius I, nauplius II and copepodids).
  • a LD50 (Lethal dose, 50 %) trial was performed to evaluate the lethal dose of trans- trans-2-4-decadienal for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). 138 fish were pit-tagged and allocated in six tanks (23 fish/tank; biomass per tank: 15 kg/m 3 ), each one with a total capacity of 350 I, with an average weight of 75 g/fish.
  • trans-trans-2-4-decadienal After 7 days, fish were injected once intraperitoneally with 0.1 ml of the following concentrations of trans- trans-2-4-decadienal in a salt serum: 0.57 mg trans-trans-2-4-decadienal /l/day, 1 .13 mg trans-trans-2-4-decadienal/l/day, 5.65 mg trans-trans-2-4-decadienal/l/day, 28.24 mg trans-trans-2-4-decadienal/l/day or 56.47 mg trans-trans-2-4-decadienal/l/day.
  • Non-injected fish were used as a control.
  • Environmental variables were recorded daily, such as sea water temperature (°C) and oxygen saturation in sea water (%). Fish were not fed during the exposure trial (7 days).
  • sample preparation 0.1 g of fish tissue (liver, muscle, brain, kidney or intestine) was homogenized and placed in a Falcon tube (NALGENE, Centrifuge Tube Oak RidgeTM Sealing Cap P 10 ml). 1 ml of NaCI (1 mg/ml) and 1 ml of hexane (HPLC grade) was added to the sample and stirred for homogenization. Subsequently, samples were centrifuged at 10.000 rpm for 20 min and placed in a freezer (-18 °C) for 1 hour. The supernatant was withdrawn and filtered (DURAPORE membrane GV (PVDF), ⁇ .22 ⁇ , 13 mm diameter, Hydrophilic, 100/CX).
  • DURAPORE membrane GV PVDF
  • the filtered solution was concentrated to 100 ⁇ under a Nitrogen stream. 1 ⁇ of this solution was injected for GC-MS analysis using a calibrated gas chromatograph (Focus GC) coupled to a mass spectrometer (Thermo) and equipped with a BP-1 capillary column (30 m, 0.22 mm, 0.25 ⁇ ; SGE, Australia). The oven temperature was kept at 40°C for 2 min and then programmed with a gradient at 10°C min "1 to 250°C. The carrier gas was helium. The injector temperature and transfer line to the mass detector was kept at 250°C. Electron impact ionization was employed with energies of 70 eV at 250°C.
  • temperature of sea water was in average 12°C with variability less than 1 °C, while oxygen saturation varied from 90% to 100%.
  • trans-trans-2-4-decadienal dissolved in sea water, at 10°C compared to 12°C and 14°C, trans-trans-2-4-decadienal seems persists for a longer time at a lower water temperature.
  • the trans-trans-2-4- decadienal dissolved in sea water persists for a maximum of 10 days in temperatures between 10°C and 14°C.
  • the results of the assessment test for the present invention show that the unsaturated aldehyde, i.e. trans-trans-2-4- decadienal is not a persistent compound in sea water. This is considered as a great advantage and precondition for the suitability of this agent when used in the treatment of fish in an aquatic environment, especially when used in open systems.
  • trans-trans-2-4-decadienal A direct administration of trans-trans-2-4-decadienal to the sea water gave little or no effect on the sea lice infestation in Atlantic salmon (results not shown). Surprisingly, it was found in the present invention that it is possible to negatively affect the sea lice population, when trans-trans-2-4-decadienal was added to the feed and fed to the fish infested by said sea lice.
  • trans-trans-2-4-decadienal effectively reduces the maturation and reproductive ability of sea lice. It was demonstrated that trans-trans-2-4-decadienal also has a detrimental effect in the availability of eggs in the eggstrings of C. rogercresseyi, when Atlantic salmon (S. salar) is treated with unsaturated aldehyde added in the feed. The demonstrated effects on the different sea lice stages will lead to a quantitative reduction of availability of sea lice larvae in the sea cages used in fish farming and, through this, to a reduction of probability of infestation of copepodids to the fish.
  • Trans-trans-2-4- decadienal negatively affects the viability of the copepodids of C. rogercresseyi during the process of infestation.
  • Trans-trans-2-4- decadienal according to the present invention is thus considered being a bioactive compound which is effective in the prevention of the infestation and attachment of the ectoparasite to the skin of fish.
  • the intestine was the organ of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) that accumulated more trans-trans-2-4-decadienal and a higher frequency of mild damages was present in this organ.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Birds (AREA)
  • Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
  • Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
  • Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
  • Fodder In General (AREA)
  • Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
  • Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention a trait à des aliments pour poissons, lesquels aliments comprennent un alcadiénal. L'alcadiénal ou des aliments comprenant ledit composé peuvent être utilisés dans le cadre du traitement et de la prophylaxie d'une infection et/ou d'une infestation de parasite chez un animal.
PCT/NO2011/000107 2010-03-26 2011-03-28 Composition alimentaire permettant de prévenir contre l'infection ou l'infestation d'un parasite chez le poisson WO2011119048A1 (fr)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103404689A (zh) * 2013-08-19 2013-11-27 中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心 利用响应曲面优化水产饲料中蛋白与脂肪配比的方法
WO2017039454A1 (fr) * 2015-09-04 2017-03-09 Ewos Innovation As Composition alimentaire pour la prévention et le traitement d'infections parasitaires des poissons

Citations (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH10139602A (ja) * 1996-11-14 1998-05-26 Nof Corp 害虫忌避剤
WO1999046986A1 (fr) * 1998-03-20 1999-09-23 The United States Of America, Represented By The Secretary Of Agriculture Antifourmi

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH10139602A (ja) * 1996-11-14 1998-05-26 Nof Corp 害虫忌避剤
WO1999046986A1 (fr) * 1998-03-20 1999-09-23 The United States Of America, Represented By The Secretary Of Agriculture Antifourmi

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G. ROMANO: "A marine diatom-derived aldehyde induces apoptosis in copepod and sea urchin embryos", JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY, vol. 206, no. 19, 1 October 2003 (2003-10-01), pages 3487 - 3494, XP055000857, ISSN: 0022-0949, DOI: 10.1242/jeb.00580 *
I. BUTTINO ET AL: "Aldehyde-encapsulating liposomes impair marine grazer survivorship", JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY, vol. 211, no. 9, 1 May 2008 (2008-05-01), pages 1426 - 1433, XP055000858, ISSN: 0022-0949, DOI: 10.1242/jeb.015859 *
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PINO-MARAMBIO, J.E., MORDUE (LUNTZ), A.J., BIRKETT, M.A., CARVAJAL, J., ASENCIO, G., MELLADO, A., QUIROZ, A.E.: "Caligus rogercresseyi", vol. 271, 2000, article "Behavioural Studies of Host, Non-Host and Mate Location by the Sea Louse", pages: 70 - 76
ROTH M ET AL: "Current practices in the chemotherapeutic control of sea lice infestations in aquaculture: A review", JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES, OXFORD, GB, vol. 16, no. 1, 1 January 1993 (1993-01-01), pages 1 - 26, XP009146063, ISSN: 0140-7775, DOI: DOI:10.1111/J.1365-2761.1993.TB00844.X *

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103404689A (zh) * 2013-08-19 2013-11-27 中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心 利用响应曲面优化水产饲料中蛋白与脂肪配比的方法
WO2017039454A1 (fr) * 2015-09-04 2017-03-09 Ewos Innovation As Composition alimentaire pour la prévention et le traitement d'infections parasitaires des poissons
CN108366587A (zh) * 2015-09-04 2018-08-03 Ewos创新股份有限公司 用于预防和治疗鱼类寄生虫感染的饲料组合物

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