WO2011110896A1 - Système de conversion intégrée d'énergie solaire - Google Patents

Système de conversion intégrée d'énergie solaire Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011110896A1
WO2011110896A1 PCT/IB2010/050984 IB2010050984W WO2011110896A1 WO 2011110896 A1 WO2011110896 A1 WO 2011110896A1 IB 2010050984 W IB2010050984 W IB 2010050984W WO 2011110896 A1 WO2011110896 A1 WO 2011110896A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
dha
cell
solar energy
heat
energy conversion
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2010/050984
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Mehmet Bahattin Daloglu
Original Assignee
Sunlego Enerji Sistemleri Sanayi Ve Ticaret Anonim Sirketi
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sunlego Enerji Sistemleri Sanayi Ve Ticaret Anonim Sirketi filed Critical Sunlego Enerji Sistemleri Sanayi Ve Ticaret Anonim Sirketi
Priority to PCT/IB2010/050984 priority Critical patent/WO2011110896A1/fr
Priority to TR2012/09911T priority patent/TR201209911T2/tr
Publication of WO2011110896A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011110896A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
    • H02S40/40—Thermal components
    • H02S40/44—Means to utilise heat energy, e.g. hybrid systems producing warm water and electricity at the same time
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
    • F24S10/70—Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed through tubular absorbing conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
    • F24S23/30—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with lenses
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
    • F24S23/30—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with lenses
    • F24S23/31—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with lenses having discontinuous faces, e.g. Fresnel lenses
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/054—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
    • H01L31/0547—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means comprising light concentrating means of the reflecting type, e.g. parabolic mirrors, concentrators using total internal reflection
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/44—Heat exchange systems
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/52—PV systems with concentrators
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/60—Thermal-PV hybrids

Definitions

  • This invention relates to solar energy conversion system for integrating the conversion of solar energy into electrical and thermal energy.
  • Photovoltaic cells are containing a solar photovoltaic material that converts solar energy into direct current electricity.
  • converting systems use lenses or mirrors and tracking systems to focus a large area of sunlight onto a small cell area. Those systems are called concentrated photovoltaic (CPV) systems.
  • Photovoltaic cell technology has been greatly improved and so the conversion efficiency increased considerably.
  • Materials often used for photovoltaic cells are Si-based (monocrystalline silicon or poly crystalline silicon). Si - based solar cells' efficiency reached up to 27.6% and in some applications, this type of cells can be operated under more than 400X concentration.
  • the best progress in cell technology lies in the use of triple junction semiconductors.
  • III - V elements like Gallium- Arsenide (GaAs) together with Al, In and P allow a better temperature behavior of the cell.
  • III - V technology allowed the development of multi junction solar cells. The use of these cells allows a better use of the solar spectrum as each of the junctions is optimized to capture the radiation of a different part of the spectrum. Based on the spectral response, the theoretical limit efficiency of silicon cells is 40%, whereas multi junction cells could potentially reach 76%. High efficiencies allow the reduction of the cell size down to 1 cm 2 or even less. Decreasing the area also allows the improvement of the thermal response and the reduction of the serial resistance.
  • majority of systems using multi junction cells have concentration ratios of more than 450X, with some applications using ratios of up to 1200X.
  • Thermal management continues to be a challenge for CPV systems. Most of them use some type of heat sink or thermal dissipater as passive cooling. In most of the designs an alumina or copper plate is used to mount the cell die as it is a good electrical insulator and a good thermal conductor. Concentration up to 1200X heat dissipation is carried out by passive coolers. In higher concentration systems an active cooling system is needed due to the high heat flux and the limited thermal dissipation area.
  • Optical designs that meet the criteria for high concentration systems are one of the most important keys to CPV systems.
  • Fresnel lenses or mirrors have been used.
  • Fresnel lens is still the mostly used optical element in CPV systems; because of simplicity of design, as well as reduced cost.
  • a secondary optical element SOE
  • This element is normally made of a solid glass or hollow metal prism both of which allow a better light distribution on the triple junction cell and improve the collection of the solar energy.
  • Optical systems without SOE can also provide very high efficiencies.
  • tracking systems should be more or less accurate and should be adapted for every module technology. Up to a concentration ratio of 5X, there is no need for sun tracking. For concentrations, up to 40X, the tracker can be one axis with elevation movement in a polar axis or east - west movement in a north - south axis. However, for high concentration systems it is known that two - axis sun tracking with a very high accuracy such as less than 0,1 degree is mandatory.
  • PVT collectors available today are simple non - concentrating, non - tracking collectors.
  • the co - generated heat is available at relatively low temperature that can be achieved by flat plate silicon PV collectors, usually about 40-60°C. Since the conversion efficiency of PV cells decreases with temperature, keeping the temperature low is considered as an advantage.
  • the collected thermal energy is suitable for domestic water heating or space heating, but it is not enough for applications which require higher temperatures, such as absorption or adsorption cooling.
  • a solar energy system covering is disclosed that comprises a lens array configured to distribute light incident on the covering to solar receptors beneath the covering.
  • the lens array may have a support structure covered by a continuous plastic sheet with Fresnel lens ribs or circular Fresnel elements or the lens array may comprise a number of Fresnel tiles.
  • Each lens may concentrate light onto a solar receptor, such as a photovoltaic chip.
  • a solar energy converter with improved photovoltaic efficiency is disclosed. That converter comprises a lens array concentrating solar light on photovoltaic cells and an active cooling system to dissipate heat generated from cells. Summary of the invention
  • the object of the invention is to provide a solar energy conversion system that incorporates concentrated photovoltaic (CPV) system and thermal energy generation through a dual heat absorber (DHA). Further object of the invention is to provide a solar energy conversion system which transfers generated excess heat from CPV, to heat a fluid used in various applications.
  • CPV concentrated photovoltaic
  • DHA dual heat absorber
  • Fig. 1 - is the sectional side view of one embodiment of an integrated solar energy conversion system
  • Fig. 2 - is the sectional side view of one embodiment of an integrated solar energy conversion system without secondary optical element.
  • Fig. 3 - is the schematic view of the dual heat absorber
  • Fig. 4 - is the schematic view of the integrated solar energy conversion system with multiple dual heat absorbers
  • Fig. 5 - is the schematic view of the dual heat absorber with multiple PV cells
  • the integrated solar energy conversion system (1) comprises; -at least one housing (2) to cover the system (1),
  • -at least one lens (4) concentrating sunlight, -at least one photovoltaic cell (5) converting solar energy into electrical energy, -at least one optical element (6) to improve the acceptance angle of rays and -at least one dual heat absorber (7) to absorb heat dissipated from photovoltaic cell (5) and also absorb thermal energy from concentrated sunlight that cannot reach to the cell (5).
  • Housing (2) covers the PV cell (5), optical element (6) and heat absorber (7) while controlling the layout and also the optical orientation.
  • Housing (2) can be a member of any tracking mechanism such as single or double axis tracking mechanisms.
  • Housing (2) is preferably a square prism; however it can be conical or cylindrical shaped in different embodiments.
  • Housing (2) comprises at least two holes; at least one in upper surface and at least one in bottom surface.
  • Lens (4) is mounted over the hole in upper surface while base plate (3) is mounted to the bottom surface.
  • Base plate (3) and housing (2) preferably made of a metal, for example, aluminum or steel of different type or grade. In different applications fiberglass, plastic or any other supporting material can be used.
  • Lens (4) can be any type of concentrating piece, such as a Fresnel or a convex lens with or without a glass sheet. In different embodiments of the invention, multiple lenses (4) in spherical, conical or planar forms can be used.
  • Dual heat absorber (DHA) (7) is comprised of one base platform and one upper platform with an opening (79) between upper and base platforms.
  • Heat absorber (7) is preferably manufactured from a metal with good heat conductivity, for example, aluminum, steel or copper.
  • Heat absorber (7) comprises at least one entrance (71) that a heat transfer fluid is entering; an upper chamber (72) inside the upper platform, a lower chamber (73) inside the lower platform, a channel (74) transferring fluid from entrance (71) to upper chamber (72) and from upper chamber (72) to lower chamber (73) and an exit (75) where fluid leaves the DHA (7).
  • DHA (7) comprises also a cavity (76) at the center of upper platform, where sunlight passes to interior of the DHA (7).
  • PV cell (5) is mounted inside DHA (7) under the cavity (76), to bottom surface of the opening (79). Heat generated by PV cell (5) is absorbed by DHA (7) and transferred to fluid inside lower chamber (73).
  • optical element (6) is placed inside the cavity (76) in order to increase amount of sunlight passing in.
  • Upper heating surface (77) of the upper platform is directed to sunlight so DHA (7) heats up with the sunlight and transfers this heat to fluid inside upper chamber (72).
  • DHA (7) designed for one PV cell (5) can also be structured to become system (1) of DHA (7) units with multiple PV cells (5), in series or in other patterns so that fluid flow through the chambers will be within the system of DHA (5) patterned as a whole (fig. 4).
  • heat transfer channels (74) through DHA (7) continues inside neighbor DHA (7) units.
  • fluid flow can be distributed to different DHA (7) units, also it is possible to link DHA (7) units in series to have a continuous flow throughout the system (1).
  • DHA (7) comprises many cavities (76), with one PV cell (5) under each cavity (76) (fig. 5).
  • the heat transfer fluid is typically water, although other fluids may be used, especially for temperatures exceeding 100°C.
  • a suitable pump unit(s) the hot fluid leaving the system (1) may be circulated to a suitable heat exchanger which provides the thermal energy to the selected application, such as an adsorption cooling machine.
  • continuously tracked sunlight passes through the lens (4) and by passing secondary optical element (6) the concentrated light reaches the PV cell (5) and some of the concentrated solar energy is converted to electrical power and the rest is dissipated in the form of heat energy.
  • Water from a circulation system enters to DHA (7) from entrance (71), captures excess thermal energy hence keeping the PV cell (5) at correct temperatures such as less than 90°C and the bottom platform of DHA (7) acts as a heat sink for the cell (5).
  • the concentration on the PV cell (5) can be from 5X to 3000X.
  • Shape of the frame (78) depends to the shape of the lens (4). For example, if the lens (4) is square shaped, frame (78) also becomes square shaped. The capability of the upper platform for absorbing the heat energy from the concentrated sunlight rays imaging to upper platform is increased through the appropriate surface coating or surface finishing of the upper platform.
  • DHA (7) is a poly purpose component which acts as a heat sink, as a heat collector and the case for the PV cell (5). Utilization of different concentration factors at upper platform and the base of DHA (7) allow better optimization of electric and heat generation simultaneously.
  • DHA (7) allows eliminating inefficiencies of PV cell (5) due to tracking errors, by keeping the concentrated sunlight image in uniform size and shape on the PV cell (5), while allowing the concentrated sunlight image size and shape to vary on the upper surface (77) of the DHA (7). So when concentrated sunlight reaching to PV cell (5) decreases, heating of the surface (77) increases.
  • CPV/thermal (CPVT) system collecting the dissipated heat from the CPV system leads to a CPV/thermal (CPVT) system, providing both electricity and heat at medium rather than low temperatures, within the range of 60 to 130°C.
  • the cooling system can be adjusted to provide a wide range of temperatures by regulating the flow rate of the cooling fluid. Therefore, thermal energy may be provided to a variety of thermal processes in addition to the usual domestic heat application.
  • Using the waste heat of solar energy conversion system (1) for cooling can lead to higher overall efficiency than trying to generate additional electricity. In the solar energy conversion system (1), the thermal energy is a low cost byproduct and could lead to a much more competitive solar cooling solution.
  • the system (1) in the present invention converts the incoming solar flux by 24 - 27 % AC electricity and 35 - 45 % thermal energy. So synergistically this system yields about 60 % or more conversion of solar energy spectrum. Theoretical efficiencies are in excess of 70 % and expected to increase as these technologies further develop.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système de conversion d'énergie solaire (1) qui permet d'intégrer la conversion de l'énergie solaire en énergie électrique et thermique et qui comporte un boîtier (2) abritant le système (1), une plaque de base (3), une lentille (4) concentrant la lumière solaire, une cellule photovoltaïque (5) convertissant l'énergie solaire en énergie électrique et un double échangeur thermique (7) afin d'absorber la chaleur dissipée par la cellule photovoltaïque (5) et d'absorber également l'énergie thermique issue de la lumière solaire concentrée qui ne peut pas atteindre la cellule (5).
PCT/IB2010/050984 2010-03-08 2010-03-08 Système de conversion intégrée d'énergie solaire WO2011110896A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/IB2010/050984 WO2011110896A1 (fr) 2010-03-08 2010-03-08 Système de conversion intégrée d'énergie solaire
TR2012/09911T TR201209911T2 (tr) 2010-03-08 2010-03-08 Güneş enerjisi dönüşümü için tümleşik bir sistem.

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/IB2010/050984 WO2011110896A1 (fr) 2010-03-08 2010-03-08 Système de conversion intégrée d'énergie solaire

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WO2011110896A1 true WO2011110896A1 (fr) 2011-09-15

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WO (1) WO2011110896A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2013123954A1 (fr) * 2012-02-21 2013-08-29 Docter Optics Gmbh Concentrateur solaire

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4080221A (en) * 1976-11-09 1978-03-21 Manelas Arthur J Solar cell electric and heating system
US4830678A (en) * 1987-06-01 1989-05-16 Todorof William J Liquid-cooled sealed enclosure for concentrator solar cell and secondary lens
EP0789405A2 (fr) * 1996-02-07 1997-08-13 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Méthode pour refroidir des cellules solaires
US20050046977A1 (en) * 2003-09-02 2005-03-03 Eli Shifman Solar energy utilization unit and solar energy utilization system
WO2005022652A1 (fr) * 2003-08-29 2005-03-10 Solar Systems Pty Ltd Extraction de chaleur d'un objet
US20090314333A1 (en) 2008-06-20 2009-12-24 University Of Central Florida Research Foundation, Inc. Solar Energy Converter with Improved Photovoltaic Efficiency, Frequency Conversion and Thermal Management Permitting Super Highly Concentrated Collection
US20100006140A1 (en) 2008-07-14 2010-01-14 Parker James L Solar Energy System
DE102008035735A1 (de) * 2008-07-31 2010-02-04 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Offenes verkapseltes Konzentratorsystem für Solarstrahlung

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4080221A (en) * 1976-11-09 1978-03-21 Manelas Arthur J Solar cell electric and heating system
US4830678A (en) * 1987-06-01 1989-05-16 Todorof William J Liquid-cooled sealed enclosure for concentrator solar cell and secondary lens
EP0789405A2 (fr) * 1996-02-07 1997-08-13 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Méthode pour refroidir des cellules solaires
WO2005022652A1 (fr) * 2003-08-29 2005-03-10 Solar Systems Pty Ltd Extraction de chaleur d'un objet
US20050046977A1 (en) * 2003-09-02 2005-03-03 Eli Shifman Solar energy utilization unit and solar energy utilization system
US20090314333A1 (en) 2008-06-20 2009-12-24 University Of Central Florida Research Foundation, Inc. Solar Energy Converter with Improved Photovoltaic Efficiency, Frequency Conversion and Thermal Management Permitting Super Highly Concentrated Collection
US20100006140A1 (en) 2008-07-14 2010-01-14 Parker James L Solar Energy System
DE102008035735A1 (de) * 2008-07-31 2010-02-04 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Offenes verkapseltes Konzentratorsystem für Solarstrahlung

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2013123954A1 (fr) * 2012-02-21 2013-08-29 Docter Optics Gmbh Concentrateur solaire

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
TR201209911T2 (tr) 2012-11-21

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