WO2011109032A1 - Système et appareil de commande de turbine éolienne - Google Patents

Système et appareil de commande de turbine éolienne Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011109032A1
WO2011109032A1 PCT/US2010/039712 US2010039712W WO2011109032A1 WO 2011109032 A1 WO2011109032 A1 WO 2011109032A1 US 2010039712 W US2010039712 W US 2010039712W WO 2011109032 A1 WO2011109032 A1 WO 2011109032A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
blades
wind turbine
control system
axis
rotational speed
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2010/039712
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Kenneth James Deering
Original Assignee
Kenneth James Deering
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US12/660,914 external-priority patent/US20100226772A1/en
Application filed by Kenneth James Deering filed Critical Kenneth James Deering
Publication of WO2011109032A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011109032A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F03D7/0264—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor for stopping; controlling in emergency situations
    • F03D7/0268—Parking or storm protection
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F03D7/022—Adjusting aerodynamic properties of the blades
    • F03D7/0236—Adjusting aerodynamic properties of the blades by changing the active surface of the wind engaging parts, e.g. reefing or furling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/20—Rotors
    • F05B2240/202—Rotors with adjustable area of intercepted fluid
    • F05B2240/2022—Rotors with adjustable area of intercepted fluid by means of teetering or coning blades
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/40—Transmission of power
    • F05B2260/406—Transmission of power through hydraulic systems
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a wind turbine. More particularly, the device disclosed herein and described relates to systems for controlling a wind turbine.
  • a typical wind turbine includes a rotor with multiple blades. When the blades are exposed to a sufficient level of airflow, aerodynamic forces created by the blades causes the rotor to rotate about an axis. To enhance the rotor's exposure to airflow, the rotor may be elevated to a certain height above ground by a support structure (e.g. a tower). The rotational energy of the rotor can be harnessed in many ways, for example, to produce electricity. In order for the energy captured by the rotor to be harnessed efficiently, the rotor needs to able to rotate both under low wind speed and high wind speed conditions.
  • US Patent 5,584,655 describes a rotor using flap actuators to actively and controllably change the cone angle of the blades.
  • the blades may freely pivot through a range of cone angles (e.g. in response to different wind conditions).
  • this configuration may not be suitable in low wind speed conditions since the rotor will rotate at lower speed and may not generate sufficient centrifugal force to bias the blades outwards.
  • US Patent 5,584,665 does not describe any attempts to control or regulate blade flapping. As such, there is an unmet need for turbine blade control system which adjusts the blades to allow the rotor to rotate both under low wind speed conditions, as well as high wind speed conditions.
  • Such a control should endeavor to adjust the blades during high wind speed conditions to alleviate the greater level of force communicated by the wind to each blade, as well as make adjustments during low wind speeds to maximize force imparted by the blades to the rotor to thereby concurrently maintain rotation of the engaged rotor.
  • a wind turbine rotor comprised of two or more such hinged blades can be referred to as a flapping hinge rotor.
  • the representative embodiments described herein employ the use of a hydraulic actuator located in proximity to each flapping hinge to controllably regulate, maintain or adjust the flap angle position of the associated blade.
  • the hydraulic actuator employs valves which may be opened, closed or throttled by means of command signals issued by the turbine control computer or control system.
  • valves in the hydraulic actuator e.g. flap motion restraint valves
  • flap motion restraint valves are opened and thereby minimizes the resistance or regulation to blade flapping motions. This can be important because by so doing, bending moment loads imposed on the blade and other structural elements of the turbine are substantially diminished.
  • appropriate valves in the hydraulic actuator e.g. flap motion restraint valves
  • blade flapping motions are restrained or prevented.
  • valves which enable adjustment of blade flap angle may be utilized to position each blade to the appropriate position to enable initiation of rotor rotation and acceleration to normal operating speed (e.g. flap actuator extend valves and flap actuator retract valves).
  • valves e.g. flap actuator extend valves
  • flap actuator extend valves are initially activated to provide a bias moment in order to more effectively counteract moments induced by aerodynamic forces.
  • a wind turbine including: a plurality of blades arranged for rotation about an axis, said blades in use being moveable between different incline positions relative to a plane substantially normal to said axis; and a control system for:
  • the present invention also provides a wind turbine including:
  • a plurality of blades arranged for rotation about an axis, said blades being selectively moveable between different incline positions relative to a plane substantially normal to said axis; a sensor for detecting a rotational speed of said blades about said axis;
  • a controller for selectively resisting movement of said blades to a different incline position based on a comparison of said rotational speed with a target speed value determined based on an energy output level for said turbine.
  • Figure 1 is a rear view of a wind turbine
  • Figure 2 is a side view of the wind turbine shown in Figure 1 ;
  • Figure 3 is a top view of the connecting structures between the blades and the hub;
  • Figure 4 is a block diagram of a control system
  • Figures 5, 6, 7 and 8 are block diagrams showing the components in a hydraulic flap actuator configured in a parked state, start-up state, power-production state, and shut down state respectively;
  • FIG 9 is a block diagram showing the components in two different hydraulic flap actuators configured for inter-operation with each other during power production.
  • wind turbine 100 which includes a plurality of blades 104a and 104b coupled to a hub 302 (see Figure 3) located within a housing 106.
  • the blades 104a and 104b are rotatable (e.g. together with the hub 302) about a rotational axis 102.
  • a tower 110 supports the housing 106 at a height 108 about the ground. The height 108 should be greater than half the span length 116 of the blades 104a and 104b to avoid the blades from hitting the ground.
  • the tower 110 has a base portion 112 that is connected to the ground.
  • the tower 110 may have one or more guide wires 114a, 114b and 114c connecting the tower 110 to anchors on the ground to help secure the tower 1 10 (e.g. when operating in high wind conditions).
  • Figure 2 is a side view of the wind turbine 100 shown in Figure 1.
  • the blades 104a and 104b of the wind turbine 100 rotate about a rotational axis 102 in a rotational direction
  • Each of the blades 104a and 104b has a longitudinal axis 202 and 204 that runs along the length of each blade.
  • Each blade 104a and 104b has an end portion that is pivotally coupled to a hub 302 (as shown in Figure 3).
  • Each of the blades 104a and 104b can be moved or adjusted to an incline position where the length of the blade 104a and 104b is inclined at a flap angle (represented by ⁇ and ⁇ ' in Figure 2) relative to a rotational plane 206 that is substantially normal to the rotational axis 102.
  • the blades 104a and 104b may be initially configured to a first incline position (e.g. with a minimal flap angle) so that the blades 104a and 104b can rotate substantially in parallel with the rotational plane 206.
  • the blades 104a and 104b may be moveable to a different incline position (e.g. to a greater flap angle up to a predetermined maximum flap angle).
  • the flap angle of each blade 104a and 104b may vary due to a combination of centrifugal forces and aerodynamic forces exerted onto each respective blade 104a and 104b by the wind.
  • FIG 3 is diagram showing an example of the connecting structures between the blades 104a and 104b and the hub 302.
  • the hub 302 is the structure that couples the blades 104a and 104b to a drive shaft 303.
  • the rotation of the blades 104a and 104b causes the hub 302 and the drive shaft 303 to rotate.
  • One end of the drive shaft 303 may be coupled to an
  • Each blade 104a and 104b has an end portion that is pivotally coupled to the hub 302, so that each blade 104a and 104b can pivot about a respective pivot axis 304 and 306.
  • each blade 104a and 104b (relative to the plane of rotation 206) is controlled by one or more actuators 308 and 310, which controls (and allows adjustments of) the relative distance between a pivot point 312b and 314b of a blade 104a and 104b and a pivot point 312a and 314a of the hub 302.
  • the incline position of all blades 104a and 104b of the wind turbine 100 may be controlled by a single actuator 308 or 310.
  • the incline position of each blade 104a and 104b may be respectively controlled by a different actuator 308 and 310.
  • Each of the actuators 308 and 310 may be hydraulic actuator, which moves a driving arm 320 and 322 towards or away from the respective actuator 308 and 310 by controlling the application of hydraulic pressure.
  • each actuator 308 and 310 controls the extension or retraction of an arm assembly, which moves the incline position of the blades 104a and 104b to a greater or lesser flap angle respectively.
  • Each arm assembly includes a first arm portion 316a and 318a having a bore formed therein for receiving a smaller second arm portion 316b and 318b.
  • the first and second arm portions 316a, 316b, 318a and 318b can move towards or away from each other (e.g. under the control of an actuator 308 and 310) in order to retract or extend the overall length of the arm assembly.
  • the actuator 308 and 310 may be securely coupled to the first arm portions 316a and 318a, and the end of the arms 320 and 322 may be securely coupled to the second arm portions 316b and 318b (or vice versa). In this configuration, extension or retraction of each actuator arm 320 and 322 causes the arm assembly to extend or retract accordingly.
  • each first arm portion 316a and 318a is pivotally coupled to the hub
  • FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing the components of a blade control system 400 for controlling the flapping motion of the blades 104a and 104b.
  • the blade control system 300 includes a sensor 402, processor 404, data store 406, and one or more flap control actuators 408 and 410 (where in the representative embodiment shown in Figure 4, there is a different flap control actuator 408 and 410 for each respective blade 104a and 104b).
  • the processor 404 may be part of a standard industrial duty computer running a real-time operating system. The processes performed by the processor 404 may be provided by way of computer program code (e.g. in languages such as C++ or Ada).
  • the processes performed by the processor 404 can also be executed at least in part by dedicated hardware circuits, e.g. Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASDICS) or Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs).
  • the sensor 402 detects a rotational speed of the blades 104a and 104b about the rotational axis 102, and generates detected speed data representing a rotational speed of the blades 104a and 104b.
  • the detected speed data is provided to the processor 404.
  • the processor 404 accesses, from a data store 406, target speed data representing a target speed value.
  • the data store 406 refers to any means for storing data (including, for example, a hard disk, flash memory, Random Access Memory (RAM), Read Only Memory (ROM) and one or more data files).
  • the target speed value represents a predetermined speed of rotation of the blades 104a and 104b, and which may be determined based on an energy output level to be produced by the rotation of the blades 104a and 104b.
  • the target speed value may represent a minimum rotational speed of the blades 104a and 104b in order for a generator (coupled to the hub 302) to generate a predetermined level of energy output.
  • the level of energy output may be a maximum rated power output (e.g. of electricity) to be produced by the generator. Different wind turbines can be designed to produce different levels of rated power.
  • the processor 404 compares a first value represented by the detected speed data with a second value represented by the target speed data. If the first value is less than the second value, the processor 404 generates control data representing commands or instructions for adjusting the opening and/or closing of certain valves in each flap control actuator 408 and 410 in order to resist the blades 104a and 104b from moving to different incline positions. In this configuration, the flap control actuators 408 and 410 apply resistance to movements of the blades 104a and
  • the blades 104a and 104b in deviation from its current incline position.
  • the blades 104a and 104b may be securely held at a minimal incline position so that the blades 104a and 104b are rotatable along the rotational plane 206.
  • This configuration is particularly useful during the start-up phase of the wind turbine 100, since the blades 104a and 104b (at a minimal incline position) have greatest exposure to the prevailing wind to drive the rotation of the blades 104a and 104b.
  • the aerodynamic forces exerted onto the blades 104a and 104b by the wind is more effectively translated into rotational motion.
  • the processor 404 generates control data representing commands or instructions for adjusting the opening and/or closing of certain valves in each flap control actuator 408 and 410 in order to inhibit resistance to movement of the blades 104a and 104b to different incline positions.
  • the blades 104a and 104b can move (with minimal resistance) to different incline positions relative to the rotational plane 206 (e.g. between a maximum and minimum incline position).
  • the blades 104a and 104b are rotate at a speed that generates sufficient centrifugal force to bias the blades 104a and 104b outwardly (i.e. away from the rotational axis 102).
  • the incline position of each blade 104a and 104b is determined by the balance between the centrifugal force on each blade and the load on the relevant blade 104a and 104b from the wind (in direction B).
  • the ability for the blades 104a and 104b to move to a different incline position (or flap) is particularly advantageous for power production. For example, if the wind turbine 100 receives a sudden gust of strong wind, the blades 104a and 104b can deflect to a different incline position to absorb at least some of the force of the wind, thus reducing the amount of force (and potentially damage) placed on the blade coupling mechanism that connects each blade 104a and 104b to the hub 302.
  • Figure 5 is a block diagram showing the hydraulic components in a representative embodiment of an actuator 308 (when configured in a parked state). Each actuator 308 and 310 has the same components, and operate in the same way.
  • the parked state represents the configuration where all valves of the actuator 308 and 310 are in the de-energized state.
  • the actuator 308 has a cylinder 502, which houses a piston 324 formed at one end of the arm 320.
  • the cylinder 502 has a front end with an opening through which the arm 320 extends.
  • the piston 324 divides the cylinder 502 into a front chamber 504 and a rear chamber 506.
  • the piston 324 When hydraulic fluid is fed into the front chamber 504, the piston 324 is pushed away from the front end, which retracts the arm 320 into the cylinder 502. This causes the arm assembly to retract and position the blade 104a to an incline position with a smaller flap angle.
  • the piston 324 is pushed towards the front end, which extends the arm 320 from the cylinder 502. This causes the arm assembly to extend and position the blade 104a to an incline position with a greater flap angle.
  • the actuator 308 includes a high pressure source 508, low pressure source 510 and 512, a blade retract valve 514, a blade restraint valve 516, a blade extend valve 518, pressure releasing valves 520 and 522, one-way valves 524 and 526 and pilot valves 528, 530, 532, 534 and 536.
  • the blade retract valve 514, blade restraint valve 516, and blade extend valve 518 each may be a solenoid controlled valve that can either be configured in an on state (allowing fluid to flow through the valve) or an off state (resisting fluid from flowing through the valve).
  • the blade retract valve 514, blade restraint valve 516, and blade extend valve 518 are all on the off state. This prevents hydraulic fluid from the high pressure source 508 from adjusting the position of the arm 320.
  • the arm 320 is therefore securely held in its current position (relative to the cylinder), which resists movement of the corresponding blade 104a to a different incline position.
  • FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing the hydraulic components in a representative embodiment of an actuator 308 (when configured in a start-up state). In this state, the blade retract valve 514 is energized (under the control of the control data from the processor 404).
  • Hydraulic fluid from the high pressure source 508 flows via path 602 into the front chamber 504. At the same time, hydraulic fluid travels via path 604 to open the pilot valve 532, which allows any hydraulic fluid in the rear chamber 506 to flow (via path 606) into the low pressure source 512. In this configuration, the arm 320 (and arm assembly 316a and 316b) retracts and moves the blade 104a to an incline position with a minimal flap angle.
  • FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing the hydraulic components in a representative embodiment of an actuator 308 (when configured in a power-production state).
  • the blade restraint valve 516 is energized (under the control of the control data from the processor 404).
  • Hydraulic fluid from the high pressure source 508 flows via paths 702 and 704 to open the pilot valves 528 and 530.
  • This establishes a path 706 that allows the hydraulic fluid in the front chamber 504 to flow into the rear chamber 506 (and vice versa) with minimal resistance.
  • Such flow is also assisted by hydraulic pressure provided by the low pressure source 512.
  • the arm 320 and arm assembly 316a and 316b
  • the processor 404 only generates a control data for energizing the blade restraint valve 516 if the value represented by the detected speed data is equal to or greater than the target speed value represented by the target speed data.
  • the target speed value should ideally represent a rotational speed where the blades 104a and 104b have developed sufficient centrifugal force to bias the blades 104a and 104b away from the rotational axis 102.
  • FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing the hydraulic components in a representative embodiment of an actuator 308 (when configured in a shut-down state).
  • the blade extend valve 518 is energized (under the control of the control data from the processor 404).
  • Hydraulic pressure from the high pressure source 508 flows via path 802 to open the pilot valves 534 and 536.
  • the pilot valve 536 opens, hydraulic fluid from the high pressure source 508 flows (via path 804) into the rear chamber 506 of the cylinder
  • Figure 9 is a block diagram showing two different actuators 308 and 310 that are connected together by a path 900.
  • the blade restraint valves 516 and 15 516' are energized for operation in a manner similar to that described with reference to Figure 7.
  • the hydraulic fluid from the front and rear chambers 504, 504', 506 and 506' of both actuators 508 and 510 can flow into either of the low pressure sources 512 and 512'.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention a trait à une turbine éolienne et à un système lié à la commande de turbines éoliennes. Le dispositif de turbine éolienne est constitué d'une pluralité de pales disposées de manière à pouvoir tourner autour d'un axe. Lors de l'utilisation, les pales sont mobiles entre différentes positions inclinées par rapport à un plan sensiblement perpendiculaire à l'axe. Le système de commande permet de détecter la vitesse de rotation des pales autour de l'axe et de résister de façon sélective au mouvement des pales à une position inclinée différente en fonction d'une comparaison de la vitesse de rotation avec une valeur de vitesse cible déterminée par le niveau d'énergie produite en ce qui concerne la turbine.
PCT/US2010/039712 2010-03-05 2010-06-23 Système et appareil de commande de turbine éolienne WO2011109032A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US12/660,888 2010-03-05
US12/660,914 US20100226772A1 (en) 2009-02-25 2010-03-05 Blade control system
US12/660,914 2010-03-05
US12/660,888 US20100226774A1 (en) 2009-02-25 2010-03-05 Wind turbine control system and apparatus

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2011109032A1 true WO2011109032A1 (fr) 2011-09-09

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ID=44544081

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2010/039712 WO2011109032A1 (fr) 2010-03-05 2010-06-23 Système et appareil de commande de turbine éolienne

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WO (1) WO2011109032A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103696912A (zh) * 2013-12-26 2014-04-02 南京航空航天大学 一种基于地面效应的拍动翼风力机及工作方法
US20210324831A1 (en) * 2018-08-01 2021-10-21 Vestas Wind Systems A/S Noise reduction in a wind turbine with hinged blades

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0979127A (ja) * 1995-09-13 1997-03-25 Matsushita Seiko Co Ltd 風力発電装置
JP2004308498A (ja) * 2003-04-03 2004-11-04 Mie Tlo Co Ltd 風力発電装置
US20070086893A1 (en) * 2004-03-26 2007-04-19 Pedersen Troels F Method and apparatus to determine the wind speed and direction experienced by a wind turbine
KR20070071409A (ko) * 2005-12-30 2007-07-04 (주) 썬에어로시스 원심력을 이용한 풍력발전기용 블레이드 플래핑장치

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0979127A (ja) * 1995-09-13 1997-03-25 Matsushita Seiko Co Ltd 風力発電装置
JP2004308498A (ja) * 2003-04-03 2004-11-04 Mie Tlo Co Ltd 風力発電装置
US20070086893A1 (en) * 2004-03-26 2007-04-19 Pedersen Troels F Method and apparatus to determine the wind speed and direction experienced by a wind turbine
KR20070071409A (ko) * 2005-12-30 2007-07-04 (주) 썬에어로시스 원심력을 이용한 풍력발전기용 블레이드 플래핑장치

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103696912A (zh) * 2013-12-26 2014-04-02 南京航空航天大学 一种基于地面效应的拍动翼风力机及工作方法
CN103696912B (zh) * 2013-12-26 2016-08-31 南京航空航天大学 一种基于地面效应的拍动翼风力机及工作方法
US20210324831A1 (en) * 2018-08-01 2021-10-21 Vestas Wind Systems A/S Noise reduction in a wind turbine with hinged blades

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