WO2011108248A1 - 燃料電池発電システム - Google Patents
燃料電池発電システム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011108248A1 WO2011108248A1 PCT/JP2011/001159 JP2011001159W WO2011108248A1 WO 2011108248 A1 WO2011108248 A1 WO 2011108248A1 JP 2011001159 W JP2011001159 W JP 2011001159W WO 2011108248 A1 WO2011108248 A1 WO 2011108248A1
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- time
- power generation
- fuel cell
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04537—Electric variables
- H01M8/04604—Power, energy, capacity or load
- H01M8/04619—Power, energy, capacity or load of fuel cell stacks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04858—Electric variables
- H01M8/04925—Power, energy, capacity or load
- H01M8/0494—Power, energy, capacity or load of fuel cell stacks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/10—Fuel cells in stationary systems, e.g. emergency power source in plant
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/40—Combination of fuel cells with other energy production systems
- H01M2250/405—Cogeneration of heat or hot water
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04992—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the implementation of mathematical or computational algorithms, e.g. feedback control loops, fuzzy logic, neural networks or artificial intelligence
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02B90/10—Applications of fuel cells in buildings
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P90/00—Enabling technologies with a potential contribution to greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions mitigation
- Y02P90/40—Fuel cell technologies in production processes
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fuel cell power generation system controlled based on an operation plan.
- Patent Document 1 For example, in the fuel cell system described in Patent Document 1 (corresponding to the “fuel cell power generation system” in the present invention), by defining the power generation time of the fuel cell per day within a predetermined range, Proposals intended for improvement have been made. Specifically, the permissible operating time of the fuel cell system (see “power generation time” in the present invention) for each month so as to correspond to the change in monthly heat demand and further to the daily heat demand. (See FIG. 3 of Patent Document 1).
- Patent Document 2 the power generation efficiency of the fuel cell stack provided in the fuel cell power generation system Has been disclosed that the power generation time decreases as the power generation time increases (the cogeneration system deteriorates as the power generation time increases) (see FIG. 3 of Patent Document 2).
- Patent Document 2 below also discloses that the heat recovery efficiency increases while the power generation efficiency decreases as the power generation time increases. And the structure which determines the electric power generation amount corresponding to the fall of these electric power generation efficiency and the raise of heat recovery efficiency is disclosed.
- Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 described above have sufficient durability (for example, 10-year durability) required in an installation location or an installation area while at least responding to the heat demand of the consumer. There is still room for improvement from the viewpoint of securing the property.
- a fuel cell power generation system of the present invention includes a fuel cell stack that generates power, and operates with power supplied from a main power supply of the entire system.
- the calendar section that identifies the date and time of the day, and a matrix with the time divisions determined by dividing one year as rows and the energization time divisions determined by dividing the target value of cumulative energization time as columns
- the upper limit value of the power generation time per unit time of the fuel cell stack is stored as individual elements, and all the elements in the matrix are calculated.
- the sum of the generated power generation time is measured by the storage unit set to coincide with the lifetime of the fuel cell stack measured in advance, the actual measurement data of the date and time specified by the calendar unit, and the measurement unit.
- An operation control unit configured to set a power generation operation plan within each unit time in consideration of at least a consumer's heat demand, and to control the fuel cell stack to perform a power generation operation based on the plan; It has.
- the upper limit value of the power generation time of the fuel cell stack per unit time (for example, per day) is determined. Further, within the range of the upper limit value of the power generation time, a power generation operation plan within a unit time (for example, one day) is set in consideration of at least the heat demand of the consumer, and the fuel cell stack is determined based on the plan. Control can be performed to perform power generation operation.
- the fuel cell power generation system of the present invention achieves a predetermined lifetime of the fuel cell stack within a period of one year in order to achieve the required durability target period (for example, 10 years). How to set the power generation plan (power generation time, power generation timing, etc.) for the unit time in the power generation time per unit time (for example, one day). Can be determined.
- the fuel cell power generation system of the present invention can ensure sufficient durability (for example, 10-year durability) required in the installation location and the installation area while at least responding to the heat demand of the consumer.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an example of a schematic configuration of the fuel cell power generation system of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing an example of an operation method of the fuel cell power generation system of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is an example of a matrix of power generation times per unit time in the fuel cell power generation system of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is an example of a matrix of integration coefficients used for calculating the power generation time per unit time in the fuel cell power generation system of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating an example of an operation method of the fuel cell power generation system according to the first embodiment.
- a fuel cell power generation system is a fuel cell power generation system that includes a fuel cell stack for generating power and operates with power supplied from the main power supply of the entire system.
- the power supply from the main power supply is in an ON state.
- a measurement unit that measures the cumulative energization time that is the accumulation of time, a calendar unit that has a clock function and a calendar function, and specifies a date and time when the power supply from the main power supply is in an ON state; It has a matrix in which the time divisions determined by dividing one year are rows and the energization time divisions determined by dividing the target value of cumulative energization time are columns, and the matrix includes fuel cell stacks as individual elements.
- the upper limit value of the power generation time per unit time is stored, and the sum of the power generation times calculated for all elements in the matrix is stored in advance.
- the storage unit set to match the life time of the clock, the actual measurement data of the date and time specified by the calendar unit, and the actual measurement data of the cumulative energization time measured by the measurement unit are applied to the matrix, and the unit
- a calculation unit that determines an upper limit value of power generation time per hour, and a power generation operation plan within each unit time within a range of the upper limit value of power generation time per unit time determined by the calculation unit,
- An operation control unit that is set in consideration of the heat demand and controls to perform the power generation operation of the fuel cell stack based on the plan.
- the “main power source” is a power source that supplies main power necessary for the operation of the fuel cell power generation system from the outside of the fuel cell power generation system, and may include, for example, a commercial power source.
- the fuel cell when the fuel cell is generating power, even when the power generated by itself is used for the operation of the fuel cell power generation system, the power required for startup or standby may be supplied from an external power source.
- the external power supply can be the main power supply.
- the “target value of cumulative energization time” is the endurance time of the fuel cell power generation system required in the installation location or the installation area, for example, the state where the power supply from the main power supply of the fuel cell power generation system is ON ( This is the target value for the time for maintaining power generation. Specifically, for example, 10 years (87600 hours) can be set as the target value of the cumulative energization time.
- Unit time refers to the time that becomes a break when the operation of the fuel cell power generation system is repeated. Specifically, for example, the unit time can be one day, one week, ten days, one month, or the like.
- the “upper limit value of power generation time per unit time” is a unit time set in consideration of the lifetime of the fuel cell stack measured in advance (power generation time capable of power generation with a predetermined power generation efficiency) (for example, The upper limit of power generation time per day).
- the upper limit value of the power generation time per unit time is set so that the total power generation time is equal to or less than the lifetime.
- the upper limit value of the power generation time per unit time can be calculated by taking 40,000 hours, 50,000 hours, 60,000 hours, etc. as the total of the power generation times to reach the lifetime.
- the heat demand may be automatically sent to the operation control unit by the heat demand measurement unit or may be input by the operator, for example. Good.
- the upper limit value of the power generation time per unit time is set to be shorter as the cumulative energization time is longer.
- the fuel cell power generation system of the third invention is particularly the fuel cell power generation system of either the first invention or the second invention, wherein the upper limit value of the power generation time per unit time is high during the year when the heat demand is high. It is set to be longer.
- the fuel cell power generation system according to the fourth aspect of the invention is particularly the fuel cell power generation system according to any one of the first or second aspect, wherein the upper limit value of the power generation time per unit time is the average daily temperature of the year. Is set to be longer at relatively low periods.
- the fuel cell power generation system according to the fifth aspect of the invention is particularly the fuel cell power generation system according to any one of the first to fourth aspects of the invention, wherein the generation time per unit time stored in the matrix is based on the temperature information of the installation location.
- a rewrite processing unit capable of rewriting the upper limit value is provided.
- a fuel cell power generation system is the fuel cell power generation system according to any one of the first to fourth aspects, particularly comprising a plurality of matrices corresponding to the temperature information of the installation location in advance. And a selection processing unit for selecting a plurality of matrices provided in the storage unit.
- the fuel cell power generation system of the seventh invention is the fuel cell power generation system of the fifth or sixth invention, in particular, the temperature information includes installation location information stored in advance in the storage unit, average temperature information of the installation location, and This is at least one piece of temperature information detected by a temperature detector that detects the outside air temperature at the installation location.
- the fuel cell power generation system is the fuel cell power generation system according to any one of the first to seventh aspects of the invention, particularly for generating power within an actual unit time determined by the power generation operation plan determined by the operation control unit A display unit for displaying the driving time is provided.
- a fuel cell power generation system is the fuel cell power generation system according to any one of the first to eighth aspects of the invention, wherein the measurement unit, the storage unit, and the operation control unit are configured to be supplied with power from a commercial power source.
- the calendar unit is configured such that power is supplied from power supply means independent of the commercial power source and the fuel cell stack.
- “Independent from commercial power supply and fuel cell stack” means that power can be supplied from the power supply means to the calendar unit even when power supply from the commercial power supply is stopped and power generation in the fuel cell stack is also stopped. Means.
- the calendar unit may be configured to be supplied with power not only from the power supply means but also from a commercial power source or a fuel cell stack.
- the operation method of the fuel cell power generation system according to the tenth aspect of the invention is an operation method of the fuel cell power generation system, wherein the cumulative energization time is defined as the accumulated time during which the power supply from the main power source is in the ON state.
- Dividing and setting the time division, dividing the target value of cumulative energization time to determine the energization time division, and determining the upper limit value of power generation time per unit time for each combination of time division and energization time division Steps for predetermining the matrix, a step for specifying the date and time when the power supply from the main power supply is ON, a step for measuring the cumulative energization time, and the specified date and time belong to any timing category As well as which energization time category the measured cumulative energization time belongs to, and based on the determined result and the matrix, A step of determining an upper limit value of time, a step of setting a plan of power generation operation in each unit time within a range of the determined upper limit value of power generation time per unit time, and based on the set plan Operating the fuel cell system.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an example of a schematic configuration of the fuel cell power generation system of the first embodiment.
- the fuel cell power generation system 100 of the present embodiment includes at least a fuel cell stack 101 that performs power generation, a measurement unit 109, a calendar unit 104, a storage unit 106, a calculation unit 107, and an operation.
- the fuel cell power generation system 100 including the control unit 110 operates with electric power supplied from a commercial power source 150 that is a main power source of the entire system.
- the main power source is not necessarily a commercial power source and may be another power source.
- ON / OFF of power supply from the main power supply can be controlled by a main switch (not shown).
- the fuel cell stack 101 can be composed of an arbitrary fuel cell stack. Specific examples include a PEFC stack and a SOFC stack.
- the measurement unit 109 measures the accumulated energization time that is the accumulation of the time during which the power supply from the main power source is in the ON state.
- the measuring unit 109 includes, for example, a clock counter, a CPU, and a memory.
- the measuring unit 109 measures and stores the accumulated energization time, and sends the accumulated energization time to the operation unit 107 in response to a request from the operation unit 107. Output.
- the calendar unit 104 has a clock function and a calendar function, and specifies the date and time when the power supply from the main power supply is in an ON state.
- the calendar unit 104 includes, for example, a calendar circuit supplied with power from the battery 105, a real time clock (real time clock), and the like. Output.
- the calendar unit 104 manages the date and time using the power supplied from the battery 105 regardless of whether the power supply from the main power supply is on or off.
- the storage unit 106 has a matrix (row) in which the time period determined by dividing one year is a row, and the energization time period determined by dividing the target value of the cumulative energization time is a column.
- the upper limit value of the power generation time per unit time of the fuel cell stack is stored as an individual element, and the sum of the power generation times calculated for all the elements in the matrix is measured in advance. It is set to match the lifetime of the battery stack.
- the storage unit 106 is configured by, for example, a volatile memory or a non-volatile memory, and in response to a request from the calculation unit 107, the calculation unit calculates an upper limit value of the power generation time per unit time stored in a specific row and column. It outputs to 107.
- the calculation unit 107 applies the actual measurement data of the date and time specified by the calendar unit and the actual measurement data of the accumulated energization time measured by the measurement unit 109 to the matrix of the storage unit 106, and calculates the power generation time per unit time. Determine the upper limit.
- the computing unit 107 can be composed of, for example, a CPU and a memory.
- the operation control unit 110 sets a power generation operation plan within each unit time within the range of the upper limit value of the power generation time per unit time determined by the calculation unit 107 in consideration of at least the heat demand of the consumer. Then, the fuel cell stack is controlled to perform the power generation operation based on the plan.
- the operation control unit 110 can be constituted by, for example, a CPU and a memory.
- the operation plan is determined by reflecting the number of years since the start of use by using the cumulative energization time, and by using the date and time to reflect changes in the environment in one year such as the season. Therefore, stable and efficient operation can be continued.
- the operation control unit 110 determines a power generation start time and an end time based on information from the input unit 108, the calendar unit 104, the measurement unit 109, and the storage unit 106, and generates power from power demand and heat demand during operation.
- a power amount (power generation amount) may be determined, and the operation of the fuel cell power generation system 100 may be controlled based on the determined power generation start time, end time, and power generation power amount.
- the calendar unit 104, the storage unit 106, the calculation unit 107, the measurement unit 109, and the operation control unit 110 each include a calculation device such as a CPU, MPU, PLC (Programmable Logic Controller), and a logic circuit
- these calculation devices are One may be provided as a whole, one may be provided for each part, or one may be provided for any combination of the parts.
- the calendar unit 104, the storage unit 106, the calculation unit 107, the measurement unit 109, and the operation control unit 110 are each provided with a storage device such as a DRAM, a flash memory, or a hard disk, one storage device is provided as a whole. Alternatively, one may be provided for each part, or one may be provided for any combination of the parts.
- the fuel cell power generation system 100 further includes an updating unit 111, a battery 105, an input unit 108, a display unit 112, a power demand measuring unit 102, and a heat demand measuring unit 103. ing.
- the update unit 111 may be, for example, a rewrite processing unit that can rewrite the upper limit value of the power generation time per unit time stored in the matrix based on the temperature information of the installation location, or the fuel cell power generation
- a selection processing unit that selects the plurality of matrices provided in the storage unit 106 based on the temperature information of the installation location There may be.
- the rewrite processing unit is not limited to the upper limit value of the power generation time that is an element of the matrix. For example, the mode of dividing the time division and the mode of dividing the energization time division so that the spring is 2 months and the winter is 4 months May be configured to be changeable.
- the temperature information includes installation location information stored in advance in the storage unit 106, average temperature information of the installation location, and temperature information detected by a temperature detector (not shown) that detects the outside temperature of the installation location. May be at least one piece of information.
- the plurality of matrices may be stored in a single storage unit 106 or may be stored in a plurality of storage units 106.
- the update unit 111 may include, for example, an input device such as a touch panel or a key switch, a CPU, and a memory.
- the battery 105 can be composed of, for example, a dry battery or a storage battery.
- the input unit 108 can be configured by, for example, an I / O circuit.
- the power demand measuring unit 102 can be configured by, for example, a power meter provided at a connection part between a home where the fuel cell power generation system 100 is installed and a power system (commercial power supply).
- the power demand measuring unit 102 outputs, for example, the power demand in the home to the operation control unit 110 via the input unit 108.
- the heat demand measuring unit 103 stores, for example, a hot water meter that measures the amount of hot water consumed in a home where the fuel cell power generation system 100 is installed, or hot water heated indirectly or directly by the fuel cell power generation system 100.
- a temperature sensor provided inside a hot water tank may be used.
- the heat demand measuring unit 103 outputs, for example, the heat demand in the home to the operation control unit 110 via the input unit 108.
- the display unit 112 displays the power generation operation time within the actual unit time determined by the power generation operation plan determined by the operation control unit 110.
- the display unit 112 may display the power generation start time and end time determined by the operation control unit 110 and the current power generation amount.
- the display unit 112 can be configured with, for example, a liquid crystal panel.
- the storage unit 106, the calculation unit 107, the measurement unit 109, and the operation control unit 110 are supplied with electric power from the commercial power source 150, and the calendar unit 104 is supplied with electric power from a power supply unit independent of the commercial power source 150 and the fuel cell stack 101. It is preferable.
- the storage unit 106, the calculation unit 107, the measurement unit 109, the operation control unit 110, the update unit 111, the input unit 108, the power demand measurement unit 102, the heat demand measurement unit 103, and the display unit 112 are connected to a commercial power source.
- the calendar unit 104 operates with the electric power supplied from the battery 105. In such a configuration, even when power is not supplied from the commercial power source and the fuel cell stack, the calendar unit 104 can operate with the power supplied from the battery 105.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing an example of an operation method of the fuel cell power generation system of the first embodiment.
- the operation method of the fuel cell power generation system divides one year when the cumulative energization time is defined as the cumulative time during which the power supply from the main power source is in the ON state.
- a matrix for determining the upper limit value of power generation time per unit time for each combination of the time period and the energization time period is determined in advance by determining the time period and dividing the target value of the cumulative energization time.
- the step (STEP 11) for predetermining the matrix may be performed, for example, by being stored in the storage unit 106 in the factory before shipment of the fuel cell power generation system, or the fuel cell power generation system is already installed. In some cases, it may be performed by an input device (not shown) or the update unit 111 by a user or maintenance staff.
- STEPs 12 to 14 can be the same as STEP 101 in FIG. 2 described later, for example.
- STEP 15 can be the same as STEP 102 in FIG. 2 described later, for example.
- STEP 16 can be the same as STEPs 104 to 107 in FIG. 2 described later, for example.
- the fuel cell power generation system 100 realizes high energy efficiency by using electric power generated by an electrochemical reaction in the fuel cell stack 101 and also recovering and using heat.
- the operation control unit 110 plans the operation of the fuel cell power generation system 100 every predetermined unit time so that power generation is performed in a time zone in which more energy saving and economical efficiency can be exhibited.
- planning the operation means, for example, determining a time for starting power generation and a time for stopping power generation, or in addition, determining a power generation amount in each time zone.
- the predetermined unit time may be one day, for example, or may be a long period such as one week, ten days, or one month. More specifically, for example, data on power demand and heat demand in the user's home is collected on a daily basis, and the time zone with the highest demand is specified. Thereafter, the power generation start time and end time are calculated so that an optimal amount of hot water is accumulated and an optimal amount of power is generated in the specified time zone. During operation, the power generation amount in each time zone is calculated based on the power demand and the heat demand.
- the fuel cell power generation system 100 By operating the fuel cell power generation system 100 in accordance with this operation plan, the fuel cell power generation system 100 has sufficient heat when the user's home power load and heat load are large, that is, when the heat demand and power demand are large. And can be supplied with electricity. Therefore, heat generation due to gas combustion in a water heater other than the fuel cell power generation system 100 and purchase of power from the power system can be reduced, and energy saving and economic efficiency are improved.
- the operable years are about 6 to 7 years.
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing an example of an operation method of the fuel cell power generation system of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is an example of a matrix of power generation times per unit time in the fuel cell power generation system of the first embodiment.
- the operation method of the fuel cell power generation system 100 will be described with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3.
- the upper limit value of the power generation time per unit time is determined by the calculation unit 107 (STEP 101). This setting is performed based on the matrix stored in the storage unit 106.
- the matrix is a matrix in which the time period determined by dividing one year is a row, and the energization time period determined by dividing the target value of accumulated energization time is a column.
- the matrix stores the upper limit value of the power generation time per unit time of the fuel cell stack as individual elements, and the sum of the power generation times calculated for all the elements in the matrix is measured in advance. This will be described more specifically with reference to the example of FIG.
- the four seasons have 90 days in winter (December-February), 92 days in spring (March-May), and 92 days in summer (June-August). (September to November) is 91 days.
- the product of each element of the matrix (for example, 24 hours for the winter season and the first energization time section) and the number of days for each time section is totaled for 36328 hours. This is the life time of the fuel cell stack.
- the “lifetime of the fuel cell stack measured in advance” refers to, for example, the designed life of the fuel cell stack, and does not necessarily have to be strictly measured. The lifetime may be an approximate number.
- the individual elements of the matrix are preferably set as follows:
- the upper limit value of the power generation time per unit time of the fuel cell stack 101 becomes longer in the same energization time period as the heat demand is higher (for example, the winter season [for example, December to February]). It is preferable to set as follows. Alternatively, in the same energization time period, the time period in which the average daily temperature of the year is relatively low (for example, winter [for example, December to February]) per unit time of the fuel cell stack 101 It is preferable that the upper limit value of the power generation time is set to be long.
- the upper limit of power generation time per unit time is set so that the power generation time is shorter in the season when the heat demand is low (summer) and the power generation time is longer in the season when the heat demand is high (winter) Is preferred.
- the year is divided into four seasons by season. However, the year is divided into three seasons of winter, summer, spring and autumn, or weekly (52 Time period) or monthly units (12 time periods). Also, based on the distribution of average temperature obtained in advance according to the surrounding environment where the equipment is installed, one year is divided into a plurality of time segments, and for each time segment, the power generation time is shorter as the average temperature is higher. The upper limit value of the power generation time per unit time may be set so that the power generation time becomes longer as the average temperature is lower.
- the column is preferably set so that the upper limit value of the power generation time per unit time of the fuel cell stack 101 becomes shorter as the cumulative energization time becomes longer in the same time period.
- the exhaust heat recovery efficiency increases as the total power generation time becomes longer.
- the upper limit value of the power generation time per unit time increases as the cumulative energization time increases in the same period. May be set. Further, the target value of the cumulative energization time was set to 10 years, and this was divided into 10 at regular intervals in each energization time segment for each year. However, in order to keep the balance between the heat demand and the heat supply in accordance with the characteristics of the apparatus and the heat demand, the same time period may be divided into finer, rougher, and unequal intervals.
- the matrix shown in FIG. 3 is set according to the general Japanese season.
- the annual climate varies greatly from region to region, for example, the northern and southern regions in Japan, and the northern and southern hemispheres on a global scale.
- lifestyles vary from region to region. Therefore, the heat demand varies greatly in the environment where it is installed. Therefore, it is desirable to individually create a matrix suitable for the installed environment and update the matrix in the storage unit 106 automatically or manually using the update unit 111.
- the term “automatic” refers to, for example, creating a matrix based on the distribution of the average temperature input in advance or the distribution of the average temperature created based on the date / time information of the calendar unit 104 and the temperature sensor that measures the outside temperature, and updating the matrix. It means to do.
- the operation control unit 110 includes a matrix (for example, a storage unit 106) that stores actual measurement data of the date and time specified by the calendar unit 104 and actual measurement data of the cumulative energization time measured by the measurement unit 109. Applying to FIG. 3), the upper limit value of the power generation time per unit time is determined.
- a matrix for example, a storage unit 106 that stores actual measurement data of the date and time specified by the calendar unit 104 and actual measurement data of the cumulative energization time measured by the measurement unit 109.
- the upper limit of power generation time per unit time is set to 24 hours.
- the user turns off the main switch of the fuel cell power generation system 100 in order to go out for a long time.
- the operation control unit 110 When the main switch is turned on again on the 1st, the operation control unit 110 generates power generation time per unit time based on June 1 which is actually measured date and time and 3100 hours which is actually measured data of energization time. Is set to 10 hours.
- any column of the matrix is specified, and the measured value of the cumulative energization time that depends on the ON / OFF of the power supply from the main power supply.
- the upper limit value of the power generation time per unit time can be appropriately set, and the life of the fuel cell power generation system 100 is extended until the target value of the cumulative energization time is reached (a state in which power generation is possible). It is easy to realize).
- an operation plan is created by the operation control unit 110 (STEP 102).
- the operation plan predicts a time zone in which power demand and heat demand occur based on the past operation results stored in the operation control unit 110, and based on this, the power generation time generates power per unit time.
- the power generation start time and power generation end time of the fuel cell power generation system 100 are determined so as to be equal to or less than the upper limit of time.
- the user can check the operation status of the apparatus.
- the energy efficiency can be further improved by concentrating the time period in which the user uses power and heat (hot water) during the operation of the fuel cell power generation system 100.
- the operation plan only needs to be set in consideration of at least heat demand, and does not necessarily need to consider power demand.
- the operation control unit 110 starts power generation in the fuel cell power generation system 100 when the power generation start time comes based on the created operation plan (STEPs 103 and 104).
- the power generation in the fuel cell power generation system 100 may not be performed according to the created operation plan, but may be performed at an optimum output according to actual power demand and heat demand.
- the operation control unit 110 determines whether the power generation time is less than the upper limit value of the power generation time per unit time (STEP 108). If the power generation time is not less than the upper limit value of the power generation time per unit time, the operation control unit 110 returns to the step of setting the upper limit value of the power generation time per unit time (STEP 101) and repeats the above-described steps again.
- the operation control unit 110 calculates the difference between the upper limit value of the power generation time per unit time and the actual power generation time (STEP 109). Then, returning to the above-described process, the operation control unit 110 adds the difference calculated in STEP 109 when setting the upper limit value of the power generation time per unit time (STEP 101).
- the operation control unit 110 may determine the upper limit value of the power generation time per unit time by calculating the product of the unit time and the ratio.
- the upper limit value of power generation time per unit time of the fuel cell stack is stored as an individual element is not limited to the case where the upper limit value itself is stored, and the upper limit value is acquired. Including the case where other information is stored.
- the power generation start time and the power generation end time are set based on the power demand and the heat demand, and the operation is performed.
- the operation is performed from the predetermined power generation start time.
- the operation may be terminated when a time corresponding to the upper limit value of the power generation time per unit of time has elapsed since the power generation start time.
- the calendar unit 104 manages the date and time by supplying power from the battery 105 without depending on ON / OFF of the power supply from the main power supply in the fuel cell power generation system 100.
- the date and time may be acquired or managed without depending on ON / OFF of the power supply from the main power source in the fuel cell power generation system 100 using a radio clock or communication. It doesn't matter.
- the upper limit value of the power generation time per unit time is determined in light of the storage content of the storage unit 106.
- the power generation plan is set within the range of the upper limit value, and the power generation operation of the fuel cell power generation system 100 is performed. In this case, the life of the fuel cell power generation system 100 is extended until the target value of the cumulative energization time is reached without depending on ON / OFF of the power supply from the main power supply in the fuel cell power generation system 100 (a state in which power generation is possible). It is easy to realize).
- the upper limit value of the power generation time per unit time stored in the storage unit 106 becomes shorter as the cumulative energization time becomes longer in the same time period, the change in exhaust heat recovery efficiency according to the total power generation time Accordingly, the upper limit value of the power generation time is determined so that the heat supply does not become excessive. Therefore, efficient operation can be performed while maintaining a balance between heat demand and heat supply.
- the heat is well balanced against the heat demand. It can be supplied and can be operated efficiently.
- a fuel cell Information suitable for the environment in which the power generation system 100 is installed can be stored in the storage unit 106, and efficient operation can be performed.
- the user can change the fuel cell power generation that changes every day.
- the operating status of the system 100 can be confirmed.
- the fuel cell power generation system can ensure sufficient durability (for example, 10-year durability) required in an installation location or an installation area while at least responding to the heat demand of the consumer. It is useful as a fuel cell power generation system.
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Abstract
Description
図1は、第1実施形態の燃料電池発電システムの概略構成の一例を示すブロック図である。
燃料電池発電システム100は、システム全体の主電源である商用電源150から供給される電力で動作する。なお、主電源は必ずしも商用電源である必要はなく、他の電源であってもよい。主電源からの電力供給のON/OFFは、図示されないメインスイッチにより制御されうる。
図3の例示に沿ってより具体的に説明する。4つの時期区分の日数は、冬季(12~2月)が90日間であり、春季(3月~5月)が92日間であり、夏季(6月~8月)が92日間であり、秋季(9月~11月)が91日間である。マトリクスのそれぞれの要素(例えば、冬季および第1通電時間区分については24時間)とそれぞれの時期区分の日数との積を、全ての要素について合計すると、36328時間となる。これが燃料電池スタックの寿命時間となっている。なお、「予め計測されている燃料電池スタックの寿命時間」とは、例えば、設計上の燃料電池スタックの寿命を指し、必ずしも厳密に計測されている必要はない。寿命時間は概数であってよい。
上述の説明では、図3に示したような、単位時間当たりの発電時間の上限値がそのまま格納されたマトリクスを用いる場合を例示した。しかしながら、マトリクスは、図4に示すような、単位時間(例えば、単位時間が1日の場合には24時間)に対する、単位時間当たりの発電時間の上限値の比率(係数:例えば、単位時間が24時間、上限値が6時間の場合には、6/24=25%)を格納するものであってもよい。この場合、運転制御部110は、単位時間と比率の積を演算することで、単位時間当たりの発電時間の上限値を決定してもかまわない。
101 燃料電池スタック
102 電力需要計測部
103 熱需要計測部
104 カレンダー部
105 電池
106 記憶部
107 演算部
108 入力部
109 計測部
110 運転制御部
111 更新部
112 表示部
150 商用電源
Claims (10)
- 発電を行う燃料電池スタックを備え、システム全体の主電源から供給される電力で動作する燃料電池発電システムにおいて、
前記主電源からの電力供給がONの状態にある時間の累積である累積通電時間を計測する計測部と、
時計機能とカレンダー機能とを有しており前記主電源からの電力供給がONの状態となっているときの日時を特定するカレンダー部と、
1年間を分割して定められる時期区分を行とし、累積通電時間の目標値を分割して定められる通電時間区分を列とするマトリクスを有しており、前記マトリクスには個々の要素として前記燃料電池スタックの単位時間当たりの発電時間の上限値が格納されており、前記マトリクス内のすべての要素について演算される発電時間の和は予め計測されている前記燃料電池スタックの寿命時間に一致するよう設定されている記憶部と、
前記カレンダー部により特定される日時の実測データと、前記計測部により計測される前記累積通電時間の実測データとを、前記マトリクスに当てはめて、単位時間当たりの発電時間の上限値を決定する演算部と、
前記演算部で決定された単位時間当たりの発電時間の上限値の範囲内で、それぞれの単位時間内における発電運転の計画を少なくとも需要者の熱需要を考慮して設定し、前記計画に基づいて前記燃料電池スタックの発電運転を行うよう制御する運転制御部と、
を備えている、燃料電池発電システム。 - 前記単位時間当たりの前記発電時間の上限値は、前記累積通電時間が長くなるほど短くなるよう設定されている、
請求項1に記載の燃料電池発電システム。 - 前記単位時間当たりの前記発電時間の上限値は、一年間のうちの熱需要が高い時期ほど長くなるよう設定されている、
請求項1または2に記載の燃料電池発電システム。 - 前記単位時間当たりの前記発電時間の上限値は、一年間のうちの一日の平均気温が相対的に低い時期ほど長くなるよう設定されている、
請求項1または2に記載の燃料電池発電システム。 - 設置場所の気温の情報に基づいて、前記マトリクスに格納されている単位時間当たりの発電時間の上限値を書換え可能な書換え処理部を備えている、
請求項1~4のうちのいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池発電システム。 - 設置場所の気温の情報に対応したマトリクスを予め複数備えており、設置場所の気温の情報に基づいて、前記記憶部に備えられている前記複数のマトリクスを選択する選択処理部を備えている、
請求項1~4のうちのいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池発電システム。 - 前記気温の情報は、前記記憶部に予め格納された設置場所情報、前記設置場所の平均気温情報、及び、前記設置場所の外気温を検出する温度検知器が検知した温度情報のうちの少なくとも一つの情報である、
請求項5又は6に記載の燃料電池発電システム。 - 前記運転制御部により決定される前記発電運転の計画で定められた実際の単位時間内での発電運転の時間を表示する表示部を備えている、
請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池発電システム。 - 前記計測部、前記記憶部、及び前記運転制御部は、前記商用電源から電力が供給される構成とされており、
前記カレンダー部は、前記商用電源及び前記燃料電池スタックから独立した電力供給手段から電力が供給されるように構成されている、
請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池発電システム。 - 燃料電池発電システムの運転方法であって、
主電源からの電力供給がONの状態にある時間の累積を累積通電時間とするとき、
1年間を分割して時期区分を定め、累積通電時間の目標値を分割して通電時間区分を定め、時期区分と通電時間区分との組合せのそれぞれについて単位時間当たりの発電時間の上限値を決定するためのマトリクスを予め定めるステップと、
主電源からの電力供給がONの状態となっているときの日時を特定するステップと、
累積通電時間を計測するステップと、
前記特定された日時がいずれの時期区分に属するかを決定すると共に、前記計測された累積通電時間がいずれの通電時間区分に属するかを決定し、該決定した結果と前記マトリクスとに基づいて単位時間当たりの発電時間の上限値を決定するステップと、
前記決定された単位時間当たりの発電時間の上限値の範囲内で、それぞれの単位時間内における発電運転の計画を設定するステップと、
前記設定された計画に基づいて燃料電池システムを運転するステップとを有する、
燃料電池発電システムの運転方法。
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KR1020117030053A KR20120013435A (ko) | 2010-03-01 | 2011-02-28 | 연료 전지 발전 시스템 |
EP11750361.5A EP2544285A4 (en) | 2010-03-01 | 2011-02-28 | FUEL CELL ENERGY GENERATION SYSTEM |
JP2011526740A JPWO2011108248A1 (ja) | 2010-03-01 | 2011-02-28 | 燃料電池発電システム |
US13/321,653 US20120070755A1 (en) | 2010-03-01 | 2011-02-28 | Fuel cell power generation system |
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JP2021158017A (ja) * | 2020-03-27 | 2021-10-07 | 東京瓦斯株式会社 | 燃料電池コージェネレーションシステムの制御装置 |
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