Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
  • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
  • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
  • G01N21/47—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection
  • G01N21/4785—Standardising light scatter apparatus; Standards therefor
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
  • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
  • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
  • G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
  • G01N21/27—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands using photo-electric detection ; circuits for computing concentration
  • G01N21/274—Calibration, base line adjustment, drift correction
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
  • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
  • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
  • G01N21/47—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection
  • G01N21/49—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection within a body or fluid
  • G01N21/53—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection within a body or fluid within a flowing fluid, e.g. smoke
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
  • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
  • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
  • G01N21/47—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection
  • G01N21/49—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection within a body or fluid
  • G01N21/51—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection within a body or fluid inside a container, e.g. in an ampoule
  • G01N2021/513—Cuvettes for scattering measurements
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
  • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
  • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
  • G01N21/47—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection
  • G01N21/49—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection within a body or fluid
  • G01N21/51—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection within a body or fluid inside a container, e.g. in an ampoule

Definitions

• the invention relates to methods for determining the quality of the measurement results of a scattered light measuring device, as used for measuring particle concentrations in motor vehicle exhaust gases, and to a scattered light measuring device designed to carry out a method according to the invention.
• a measuring chamber usually arranged in a measuring chamber, bright light source such.
• a laser used and the measured colloid is passed through the measuring chamber.
• At least one light sensor is present in the measuring chamber, which detects scattered light that has been scattered by particles present in the colloid.
• scavenging air curtains are used to keep the light output surfaces of the light source and the light input surfaces of the light sensors that come into contact with the exhaust gases clean of deposits, the light input and output surfaces are contaminated over time by particle deposits, the intensity of the signals emitted by the light sensors decreases and the measurement results are falsified.
• a falsification of the measurement results can also be caused by an aging of components of the light source, the light sensors and / or the amplifier and evaluation electronics.
• Flue gas meters that are used for official measurements are subject to mandatory calibration, which further increases the need to ensure a sufficient accuracy of the measurement results. Disclosure of the invention
• a method according to the invention for determining the quality of the measurement results of a scattered light measuring device which is provided for measuring a particle concentration in motor vehicle exhaust gases and at least one scattered light measuring chamber, at least one light source and at least one light sensor, includes the step, the scattered light meter initially in a defined reference state , in which ideally no deposits in the scattered light measuring chamber are present and the components are in a mint condition, to operate (initialization). This condition is given, for example, immediately after the production of the scattered light measuring instrument or after the replacement or the thorough cleaning of the relevant components, such as, for example, the scattered light measuring chamber.
• the scattered light measuring device which is in a described reference state, is operated in a first defined operating state.
• the light source is switched off in the first operating state.
• the light source is switched on in the first operating state, and a first reference gas flow having a first defined particle concentration or a first measuring body having defined scattering properties is introduced into the scattered light measuring chamber in order to generate defined scattered light.
• the signal of one or more scattered light sensors is measured and stored as the first scattered light sensor signal S1.
• the scattered light meter is brought into a second defined operating state in which the light source is turned on and a second reference gas stream having a second defined particle concentration or a second measuring body with defined scattering properties, which differ from the scattering properties of the first measuring body is in the scattered light measuring chamber introduced to generate defined stray light, which differs from the scattered light in the first operating state.
• the signal of the scattered light sensor or the scattered light sensors is measured and stored as a second scattered light sensor signal S2.
• the difference D M2-M1 between the scattered light sensor signals measured in the two defined operating states M2 and M1 are calculated and compared with the reference signal difference R determined in the initialization.
• the deviation of the signal difference D from the reference signal difference R determined in the used or aged state of the scattered light measuring device is a reliable measure of the quality of the measurement results of the scattered light measuring device.
• a threshold value can be defined above which the user is warned and / or further operation of the scattered light measuring device is prevented the accuracy of the results no longer meets the (legal) requirements.
• Two threshold values can also be defined in such a way that if a first, lower threshold value is exceeded, a warning is output and if a second, higher threshold value is exceeded, the further operation of the scattered light measuring device is prevented.
• the light source in the first defined operating state is switched off and the dark value of the scattered light measuring chamber, i. H. the output signal of the scattered light sensor, which is output when the light source and the dark measuring chamber are turned off, is used as the scattered light sensor signal S1.
• the dark value of the scattered light measuring chamber i. H. the output signal of the scattered light sensor, which is output when the light source and the dark measuring chamber are turned off.
• the light source is switched on in both defined operating states and in each case
• a reference gas stream with a defined particle concentration is passed through the scattered-light measuring chamber, whereby the particle concentration ration in the second operating state differs from the particle concentration in the first operating state.
• one of the reference gases is a so-called zero gas, that is, a gas having a particularly low particle concentration.
• a zero gas is often available as a purge gas and / or as a gas for zeroing the meter. The method can therefore be carried out inexpensively using the existing zero gas without additional effort for the provision of a reference gas.
• a measuring body which diffuses incident light in a defined manner is introduced into the measuring chamber.
• the measuring body is designed so that it simulates the scattering behavior of a reference gas flow with a predetermined particle concentration. Since such a measuring body is not subject to a noticeable aging process and therefore has a constant scattering behavior over a long time, the use of such a measuring body makes it possible to repeat and permanently set a defined operating state particularly effectively and simply with high accuracy and reproducibility.
• the steps for determining the quality of the measurement results are carried out regularly at predetermined time intervals. This ensures that the quality of the measurement results of the scattered light measuring device is regularly monitored and contamination and / or aging of the components, which could adversely affect the measurement results, reliably and timely detected.
• the steps for determining the quality of the measurement results are performed regularly after a predetermined number of measurement operations.
• the quality of the measurement results even with a heavy use of the meter, in which a check at predetermined intervals is not sufficient, reliably monitored. If the meter is rarely used, such a procedure will result in unnecessary checks. saving time in which the device is not available for measurements.
• the two methods can also be combined in such a way that a check of the quality of the measurement results always takes place when a predetermined number of measuring operations have been carried out or when a predetermined time has passed since the last inspection, whichever criterion is reached earlier , Such a combination allows the measuring accuracy of the measuring device to be permanently ensured with the least possible effort under the most varied operating conditions of the measuring device.
• the results of all checks are stored permanently.
• the contamination and aging of the measuring device are logged over the entire service life and can be evaluated for calibration, monitoring and / or maintenance purposes.
• the initialization steps for determining the reference state are carried out immediately after the production of the scattered light measuring device.
• the measuring chamber is not polluted and the other components are in mint condition, so that the reference state can be determined very accurately.
• the initialization can be done by the manufacturer without burdening the user with it and it prevents inexperienced users from forgetting initialization or performing it incorrectly.
• the initialization can be made immediately after the installation of the scattered light meter at the site.
• the initialization can also be carried out after each cleaning of the scattered light measuring chamber and / or the exchange of components relevant for the measurement accuracy in order to obtain a current reference value in each case.
• the invention also includes a scattered light measuring device for measuring the particle concentration in motor vehicle exhaust gases with at least one storage device for storing the reference signal difference and a control device which is designed to control the scattered light measuring device so that it carries out a method according to the invention.
• a scattered light measuring device for measuring the particle concentration in motor vehicle exhaust gases with at least one storage device for storing the reference signal difference and a control device which is designed to control the scattered light measuring device so that it carries out a method according to the invention.
• the figure shows schematically an embodiment of a scattered light measuring device 3 for carrying out a method according to the invention.
• the scattered light measuring device 3 shown in FIG. 1 has a measuring chamber 26 with a light source 4, which, for B. is designed as a laser and emits light into the measuring chamber 26 during operation.
• a light source 4 which, for B. is designed as a laser and emits light into the measuring chamber 26 during operation.
• two light sensors 6a, 6b are arranged.
• the light sensors 6a, 6b are outside the scope of FIG. 1
• Measuring chamber 26 drawn, although in reality they are at least partially disposed within or on the measuring chamber 26.
• the light sensors 6a, 6b detect light emitted from the light source 4 after being scattered by particles present in the measuring chamber 26.
• the light source 4 and the light sensors 6a, 6b are arranged so that no light directly from the
• Light source 4 on or in the light sensors 6a, 6b radiates.
• the light sensors 6a, 6b are preferably arranged such that light, which is scattered by the particles in different angles, is detected by different light sensors 6a, 6b.
• the light sensors 6a, 6b are electrically connected to an evaluation unit 8, which evaluates the signals output by the light sensors 6a, 6b and in particular determines the particle concentration of the colloid in the measuring chamber 26 from the signals output by the light sensors 6a, 6b. The results of the evaluation are output via an output device 10.
• Output device 10 can be a display device (display), a printer and / or a data interface, which is designed to transmit the results to a data processing or data storage device, such as a data processing device. a floppy disk or a USB stick to transfer.
• a data processing or data storage device such as a data processing device. a floppy disk or a USB stick to transfer.
• exhaust gases to be measured of a motor vehicle 24 shown schematically are received by an exhaust gas probe 22, which is arranged in or on the exhaust of the motor vehicle 24, and fed through an exhaust hose and a switching element 32 of the measuring chamber 26. (Exhaust flow B).
• the switching element 32 is operatively connected to a control unit 28 and between an open state in which there is an influx of exhaust gases the motor vehicle 24 is allowed in the measuring chamber 26, and a closed state in which the influx of exhaust gases from the motor vehicle 24 is switched off in the measuring chamber 26, reversible.
• the control unit 28 is, for example, electrically or hydraulically with the switching element 32, the z. B. is formed as a valve, connected.
• An inventive scattered light measuring device 3 additionally has a zero gas source 12, the so-called zero gas, d. h., Gas with a particularly low particle concentration, provides.
• the zero gas source 12 has an air supply 14, which receives air from the environment. If the scattered light measuring device 3 in a particularly polluted and / or dusty
• the air supply 14 may be formed as a pipe or fireplace, which surrounds the ambient air from a greater distance, for. B. from outside the building. Alternatively, particularly clean air can also be taken from supplied gas cylinders.
• the air supply 14 supplies the received ambient air to a filter unit 16, which is designed to reduce the particle concentration in the intake air.
• the filter unit 16 has at least one fine filter 16b (eg a so-called HEPA filter) which is able to filter the supplied air in such a way that the level of the signal strength generated by the light sensors 6a, 6b, which is caused by those particles which are still present in the zero gas even after filtering, to a value which is lower than the value at the particle concentration, as it is present in exhaust gases from vehicles with a well-functioning particulate filter , is determined.
• a fine filter 16b eg a so-called HEPA filter
• the fine filter 16b is preceded by a coarse filter 16a, which filters out particularly coarse particles from the supplied air before they enter the fine filter 16b. This prevents rapid fouling and / or clogging of the fine filter 16b by coarse particles and the maintenance intervals for replacing or cleaning the filters 16a, 16b can be extended.
• the coarse filter 16a and the fine filter 16b can correspond to the respective degree of contamination. be replaced separately or cleaned to reduce maintenance costs.
• a pump 18 Downstream of the measuring chamber 26, a pump 18 is provided for conveying the zero gas.
• the pump 18 conveys the zero gas from the zero gas source 12 by sucking the zero gas through the measuring chamber 26.
• the pump 18 although it is operated during the measurement process, the exhaust gas flow B from the motor vehicle 24 through the measuring chamber 26.
• the pump 18 upstream of the measuring chamber 26 in the zero gas flow A and / or in the exhaust stream B is arranged.
• a pressure sensor 20 is provided which controls the pressure of the supplied
• control unit Measures zero gas and the result to a not shown in the figure 1 control unit continues.
• the pressure measured by the pressure sensor 20 can be used to control the pump 18 to always ensure a sufficient zero gas flow through the measuring chamber 26.
• the pump 18 With known performance of the pump 18 can be concluded from the pressure of the zero gas on the contamination of the filter unit 16, since a heavily contaminated filter unit 16, a large pressure drop occurs. If the pressure drop across the filter unit 16 exceeds a predetermined limit value, then a warning signal can be output, which indicates to the user that at least one of the filters 16a, 16b of the filter unit 16 is to be replaced.
• the pump 18 can be switched off when a second, higher limit value is exceeded, if the contamination of the filter is so strong that a reliable function of the zero gas source 12 is no longer guaranteed or there is a danger that the pump 18 overloaded and / or is damaged.
• a pressure sensor 20 may be arranged upstream of the filter unit 16 in order to measure the pressure of the zero gas upstream of the filter unit 16.
• a reference signal difference R is determined in a reference state of the scattered light measuring device 3, eg immediately after its production or delivery.
• the pump 18 of the zero gas source 12 is turned on, so that filtered by the filter unit 16 filtered zero gas from the zero gas source 12 into the measuring chamber 26.
• the light source 4 is turned on and the signals outputted from the light sensors 6a, 6b, which are based on scattered light scattered from particles present in the zero gas introduced into the measuring chamber 26, and detected by the light sensors 6a, 6b, become evaluated to define the zero state of the scattered light measuring device 3.
• control unit 28 controls the switching element 32 so that the supply of exhaust gases from the motor vehicle 24 into the measuring chamber 26 is opened and exhaust gases from the motor vehicle 24 through the measuring chamber 26 to flow (exhaust stream B), so that the particle concentration in the exhaust gases flowing through the measuring chamber can be measured.
• the zero gas flow A is not switched off during the measurement of the particle concentration in the exhaust gases of the motor vehicle 24. Instead, the zero gas from the zero gas source 12 flows simultaneously through the measuring chamber 26 with the exhaust gases to be measured.
• the zero gas is conducted, for example, as a purge gas directly in front of the sensors 6a, 6b and / or the light exit opening of the light source 4 in order to foul the sensors 6a , 6b or the light exit opening by the deposition of particles from the exhaust stream B to prevent or at least minimize.
• the zero gas flow A is turned off during the measurement in order to avoid dilution of the exhaust gas flow B by zero gas.

Landscapes

• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Biochemistry (AREA)
• Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
• Pathology (AREA)
• Immunology (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mathematical Physics (AREA)
• Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
• Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
• Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)

Priority Applications (4)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=43856153

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (6)

Cited By (1)

Families Citing this family (5)

Citations (4)

Family Cites Families (5)

• 2010
  • 2010-02-26 DE DE201010002420 patent/DE102010002420A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2011
  • 2011-01-03 IN IN4974DEN2012 patent/IN2012DN04974A/en unknown
  • 2011-01-03 CN CN201180011085.8A patent/CN102762972B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2011-01-03 US US13/581,233 patent/US8873052B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2011-01-03 WO PCT/EP2011/050031 patent/WO2011104039A1/de not_active Ceased
  • 2011-01-03 EP EP11701769.9A patent/EP2539688B1/de not_active Not-in-force

Patent Citations (4)

Non-Patent Citations (1)

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events