WO2011097940A1 - 一种在线检测强制风冷式刹车鼓 - Google Patents

一种在线检测强制风冷式刹车鼓 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011097940A1
WO2011097940A1 PCT/CN2011/000031 CN2011000031W WO2011097940A1 WO 2011097940 A1 WO2011097940 A1 WO 2011097940A1 CN 2011000031 W CN2011000031 W CN 2011000031W WO 2011097940 A1 WO2011097940 A1 WO 2011097940A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
brake drum
brake
line detection
air
forced air
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PCT/CN2011/000031
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
于宥源
于晓芳
Original Assignee
Yu Youyuan
Yu Xiaofang
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Application filed by Yu Youyuan, Yu Xiaofang filed Critical Yu Youyuan
Publication of WO2011097940A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011097940A1/zh

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D65/00—Parts or details
    • F16D65/02—Braking members; Mounting thereof
    • F16D65/10—Drums for externally- or internally-engaging brakes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D65/00—Parts or details
    • F16D65/78—Features relating to cooling
    • F16D65/82—Features relating to cooling for internally-engaging brakes
    • F16D65/827—Features relating to cooling for internally-engaging brakes with open cooling system, e.g. cooled by air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D51/00—Brakes with outwardly-movable braking members co-operating with the inner surface of a drum or the like
    • F16D2051/001—Parts or details of drum brakes
    • F16D2051/003—Brake supports
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D66/00—Arrangements for monitoring working conditions, e.g. wear, temperature
    • F16D2066/001—Temperature

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a brake drum for an automobile, and more particularly to an on-line detection of a forced air-cooled brake drum. '
  • the object of the present invention is to avoid the above disadvantages and to provide a heat that can be quickly dissipated in the brake drum. Go', achieve safe, reliable, effective, and durable use of brake drums and brake shoes, extend their service life, and reduce the cost of use of real-time online detection of forced air-cooled brake drums.
  • the technical solution of the present invention is: an on-line detection of a forced air-cooled brake drum, comprising a brake drum, wherein the brake drum is provided with an air inlet, wherein: the heat dissipation holes of the spokes of the brake drum are further provided with
  • the collecting hood is provided with a temperature measuring sensor on the brake cam shaft connected to the brake drum, and a position sensor is arranged on the brake shoe cam shaft in the brake drum.
  • the temperature sensor and the thermocouple sensor are connected in series with the cold junction compensator and connected to the voltage amplifier.
  • the output of the voltage amplifier is connected to the voltage comparator for temperature measurement, and the output of the voltage comparator for temperature measurement is connected to the transistor.
  • the position sensor is connected to the relay, and the relay is connected in series with the amplifier, the voltage comparator, the light emitting diode and the alarm.
  • the air inlets are equally sized, equidistantly distributed on the brake drum and communicated with the inside and outside of the vent holes on the spokes.
  • the air guiding openings of the air collecting hood are arranged to the left and right.
  • the plate spring of the windshield is clamped on the vent hole of the spoke.
  • the relay has a contact A and a contact B therein.
  • the device of the invention has low manufacturing cost and simple process, and is suitable for various drum brakes while maintaining the shape and size of the original brake drum.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view showing the assembly of the present invention on a brake drum
  • Figure 2 is a side view of Figure 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a wind collecting hood according to the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic view showing the structure of the brake drum after the air inlet is opened;
  • Figure 5 is a schematic structural view of an automobile hub in the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic view showing the structure of a collecting hood mounted on an automobile hub according to the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic structural view of a brake camshaft in the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic view showing the installation position of the temperature sensor and the position sensor on the brake in the present invention
  • Figure 9 is a flow chart of the brake drum temperature alarm control system in the present invention
  • Figure 10 is a circuit diagram of a brake drum temperature alarm control system of the present invention.
  • Figure 11 is a circuit diagram of a position alarm control system in the present invention.
  • thermocouple sensor positive end
  • thermocouple sensor negative Terminal 7-cold terminal compensator
  • 8-voltage amplifier 9-temperature measuring voltage comparator, 10-triode, 11-alarm, 12-relay, 13-amplifier, 14-voltage comparator, 15-LED , 16-alarm.
  • the brake drum 1 is provided with an air inlet 2, the air inlet 2 is of equal size, equidistantly distributed on the brake drum and communicated with the inner and outer vents of the spoke, the spokes of the brake drum 1 A hood 3 is further disposed on the vent hole, and the air vent of the hood 3 is disposed on the left and right sides.
  • the brake cam shaft connected to the brake drum 1 is provided with a temperature measuring sensor 4, and the brake shoe in the brake drum Position sensing on the brake camshaft
  • the temperature sensor 4 and the thermocouple sensor are connected in series with the cold junction compensator 7 and connected to the voltage amplifier 8.
  • the output of the voltage amplifier 8 is connected to the temperature measuring voltage comparator 9, and the voltage comparator 9 is used for temperature measurement. It is connected to the triode 10.
  • the position sensor 5 is connected to the relay 12, the relay 12 and the amplifier 13, the voltage comparator 14, the light-emitting diode 15 and the alarm 16 are sequentially connected in series, and the windshield 4 is clamped on the vent hole of the spoke by a plate spring, Relay 12 has contact A and contact B therein.
  • a windshield 3 is mounted on the air inlet 2 of the pair of brake drum spokes and the brake drum 1, during the driving process, the outside world
  • the natural wind is blown into the brake drum through the collecting hood 3, thereby achieving the purpose of cooling the brake shoes and the brake drum.
  • the temperature sensor 4 is mounted on the outer side of the brake camshaft
  • the position sensor 5 is mounted on the inner top end
  • the control panel is mounted on the dashboard of the cab.
  • the control panel has a beeper that prompts the temperature sensor to detect the alarm control temperature and The maximum or minimum alarm control gap between the brake drum and the brake shoe detected by the position sensor.
  • the buzzer in the driver's cab starts to alarm, prompting the driver that the temperature of the brake shoe is too high.
  • the brake shoe should be used repeatedly during the stop and deceleration process. After the brake shoe is in frictional contact with the brake drum for a long time, the brake gap between the brake drum and the brake drum will follow the driving of the car. The mileage is increased.
  • the buzzer installed in the cab will give an alarm signal. , prompting the driver to replace or repair the brake shoes, thereby reducing the safety accident caused by the brake failure during the driving process.
  • Thermocouple sensor 6 and AD590 cold end compensator 7 convert the temperature signal of the brake drum into a voltage signal, which is related to the brake drum temperature.
  • the signal changes linearly proportionally within the measured temperature range, that is, the sensor output voltage rises when the temperature rises, and the sensor output voltage signal is amplified by the voltage amplifier 8 and then input to the temperature measuring voltage comparator 9 for comparison with the reference voltage (reference voltage).
  • the set value is the amplified voltage value corresponding to the alarm temperature.
  • the angular displacement sensor converts the cam corner signal into a voltage signal to the amplifier 13, and the amplified voltage signal and
  • the gap between the brake shoe friction plate and the brake drum changes linearly and inversely proportionally, that is, the sensor output voltage increases when the gap decreases, and the amplified voltage signal is compared with the reference voltage by the voltage comparator 14 (reference voltage setting value)
  • the comparator 14 For the amplified voltage value corresponding to the minimum gap, if the gap is less than the set value, the corresponding amplified signal is higher than the set value, the comparator outputs a high level to turn on the transistor, and the alarm 16 and the LED 15 are circuit-guided. Pass, realize the alarm.
  • the relay is combined with the B contact.
  • the angular displacement sensor converts the cam's corner signal into a voltage signal that is transmitted to the amplifier 13.
  • the corner signal reflects the gap between the brake drum and the brake shoe friction plate.
  • This voltage signal and brake The gap between the hoof friction plate and the brake drum changes linearly proportionally, that is, the sensor output voltage rises when the gap increases, and the sensor output voltage signal is amplified by the amplifier 13 and input to the voltage comparator for comparison with the reference voltage (reference voltage
  • the set value is the amplified voltage value corresponding to the maximum gap). If the gap is higher than the set value, the output voltage of the amplifier is higher than the reference voltage value, and the comparator outputs a high level to turn on the transistor, and the alarm 16 and the LED circuit are turned on to realize an alarm.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Braking Arrangements (AREA)

Description

说明书 一种在线检测强制风冷式刹车鼓
一、 技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于汽车的刹车鼓， 具体涉及一种在线检测强制风冷式刹 车鼓。 '
二、 背景技术
当前国内外货运汽车作为陆地的重要交通工具， 其中制动系统的旋转元件 刹车鼓 （鼓式制动器）， 为用于车辆行驶中安全有效减速停车至关重要的工具。 因温度变化加之市区、 丘陵、 山区的路障多、 坡道多、 弯道急， 为了行驶安全， 驾驶员会连续多次制动减速， 使用刹车， 因此鼓式制动器会因连续摩擦而急剧 升温， 高温降低了有效制动。 在制动强度很大的紧急或频繁制动中， 鼓式制动 器几乎承担了耗散汽车全部动力的任务， 此时由于在短时内制动摩擦产生的热 量来不及逸散到大气中， 致使制动鼓内外温度升高， 温度越高， 热衰退现象越 明显， 刹车越不灵敏、 越不安全。 为此， 货运汽车的时速最高限制为 110公里 / 小时。
目前的货运汽车， 为了降低制动鼓的温度， 有效制动刹车， 多用自行改装 的水喷淋装置， 为刹车鼓淋水降温， 这种方法不但增加了车辆自重并且也不规 范， 而且在寒冷的地区因结冰而无法使用该装置。 因刹车高温而产生的意外机 体故障， 使刹车失灵而引发交通事故的事件也屡见不鲜。
三、 发明内容
本发明的目的是避免上述缺点， 提供一种能使制动鼓内产生的热气迅速散 去'， 达到安全、 可靠、 有效、 耐用的使用刹车鼓与刹车蹄， 延长其使用寿命， 降低使用成本的实时在线检测强制风冷式刹车鼓。
本发明的技术方案： 一种在线检测强制风冷式刹车鼓， 包括制动鼓， 制动 鼓上设置有进风口， 其特征在于： 所述的制动鼓的轮辐的散热孔上还设置有集 风罩， 在制动鼓连接的制动凸轮轴上设置有测温传感器， 在制动鼓内的刹车蹄 制动凸轮轴上设置有位置传感器。
所述的测温传感器与热电偶传感器串联与冷端补偿器并联接入电压放大 器， 电压放大器的输出端与测温用电压比较器连接， 测温用电压比较器输出端 与三极管连接。 - 所述的位置传感器与继电器连接， 继电器与放大器、 电压比较器、 发光二 极管和报警器依次串联。
所述的进风口为等尺寸、 等距离分布于制动鼓上且与轮辐上的通风孔内外 相联通。
所述的集风罩的导风口分左右设置。
所述的集风罩的用板式弹簧卡在轮辐的通风孔上。
所述的继电器内有触点 A和触点 B。
本发明的优点： 1、本发明中， 制动鼓与制动蹄摩擦时产生的热量与从进风 口进入的外界空气对流而迅速散去， 以达到安全、 可靠、 有效、 耐用的使用刹 车鼓与刹车蹄的目的， 延长其使用寿命。
2、 本发明装置制造成本低， 工艺简单，：旦在保持原制动鼓外形、 尺寸不变 的情况下， 适用于各种鼓式制动器。
四、 附图说明 以下通过附图对本发明作进一步的说明。
图 1是本发明在刹车鼓上的装配示意图；
图 2是图 1的侧视图；
图 3是本发明中集风罩的结构示意图；
图 4是本发明中在制动鼓上开有进,风口后的结构示意图；
图 5是本发明中汽车轮毂的结构示意图；
图 6是本发明中 个集风罩安装于汽车轮毂上的结构示意图；
图 7是本发明中制动凸轮轴的结构示意图；
• 图 8是本发明中测温传感器和位置传感器在制动器上的安装位置示意图； 图 9是本发明中刹车鼓测温报警控制系统工作流程图；
图 10为本发明中刹车鼓温度报警控制系统电路图；
图 11为本发明中位置报警控制系统电路图。
上述附图标号说明： 1-制动鼓， 2-进风口， 3-集风罩， 4-测温传感器， 5 - 位置传感器， 6-1热电偶传感器正端， 6- 2热电偶传感器负端， 7-冷端补偿器， 8-电压放大器， 9-测温用电压比较器， 10-三极管， 11 -报警器， 12-继电器， 13 - 放大器 ,14-电压比较器, 15-发光二极管， 16-报警器。
五、 具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明进行详细说明。
本发明包括制动鼓 1， 制动鼓上设置有进风口 2， 进风口 2为等尺寸、 等距 离分布于制动鼓上且与轮辐上的通风孔内外相联通， 制动鼓 1 的轮辐的散热孔 上还设置有集风罩 3， 集风罩 3的导风口分左右设置， 在制动鼓 1连接的制动凸 轮轴上设置有测温传感器 4，在制动鼓内的刹车蹄制动凸轮轴上设置有位置传感 器 5，测温传感器 4与热电偶传感器串联与冷端补偿器 7并联接入电压放大器 8， 电压放大器 8的输出端与测温用电压比较器 9连接， 测温用电压比较器 9输出 端与三极管 10连接。 位置传感器 5与继电器 12连接， 继电器 12与放大器 13、 电压比较器 14、 发光二极管 15和报警器 16依次串联， 所述的集风罩 4用板式 弹簧卡在轮辐的通风孔上， 所述的继电器 12内有触点 A和触点 B。
参见图 1-图 8在刹车鼓的斜面上加工 5个等距离的孔， 在刹车鼓轮辐与制 动鼓 1对中的进风口 2上安装有集风罩 3， 在汽车行驶过程中， 外界的自然风经 过集风罩 3 被吹进刹车鼓内， 从而达到给刹车蹄和刹车鼓降温的目的。 在制动 凸轮轴外侧顶端安装测温传感器 4, 在其内侧顶端安装位置传感器 5， 在驾驶室 的仪表盘上安装控制板， 控制板上有蜂 器， 提示测温传感器检测的报警控制 温度和位置传感器检测的刹车鼓与刹车蹄的最大或最小报警控制间隙。
当汽车刹车蹄的温度高于系统设置的最高控制温度时， 驾驶员驾驶室内的 蜂鸣器开始报警， 提示驾驶员刹车蹄的温度过高， 此时驾驶员若不停车给刹车 蹄降温， 刹车蹄将会因为温度过高而降低其制动性能。 汽车经长时间使用过程 后， 在其停车、 减速过程中都要反复使用刹车蹄， 刹车蹄经才长时间与汽车制 动鼓摩擦接触后， 其与制动鼓的刹车间隙会随汽车的行车的里程增长而加大， 当在制动凸轮轴外侧顶端安装的位置传感器检査到刹车蹄与刹车鼓之间的距离 大于最小安全刹车间隙时， 安装在驾驶室内的蜂鸣器将发出报警信号， 提示驾 驶员应对刹车蹄进行更换或维修， 从而减少了在汽车行车过程中因刹车失灵而 造成的安全事故。
参见图 9-图.10刹车鼓温度控制系统的控制原理：热电偶传感器 6和 AD590 冷端补偿器 7将刹车鼓的温度信号转变为电压信号， 此电压信号与刹车鼓温度 信号在所测温度范围内成线性正比例关系变化， 即温度升高时传感器输出电压 升高， 传感器输出电压信号经电压放大器 8放大后输入测温用电压比较器 9与 参考电压作比较 (参考电压设定值为报警温度对应的放大后的电压值)，如果温度 高于设定值， 则放大器输出电压比参考电压值高， 比较器输出高电平使三极管 10导通， 报警器 11、 三极管电路导通， 实现报警。 参见图 11刹车鼓与刹车蹄间隙检测系统的工作原理： 不制动时， 继电器与 A触点结合， 角位移传感器将凸轮的转角信号转变为电压信号传给放大器 13， 放大后的电压信号与制动蹄摩擦片和制动鼓之间的间隙成线性反比例关系变 化， 即间隙减小时传感器输出电压升高， 放大后的电压信号与参考电压通过电 压比较器 14进行比较 （参考电压设定值为最小间隙对应的放大后的电压值）， 如果间隙小于设定值， 则相应的放大信号高于设定值， 比较器输出高电平使三 极管导通， 报警器 16、 发光二极管 15电路导通， 实现报警。制动时，继电器与 B 触点结合,角位移传感器将凸轮的转角信号转变为电压信号传给放大器 13， 转角 信号反映制动鼓与刹车蹄摩擦片之间的间隙， 此电压信号与制动蹄摩擦片和制 动鼓之间的间隙成线性正比例关系变化， 即间隙增大时传感器输出电压升高， 传感器输出电压信号经放大器 13 放大后输入到电压比较器与参考电压作比较 (参考电压设定值为最大间隙对应的放大后的电压值)。如果间隙高于设定值， 则 放大器输出电压比参考电压值高， 比较器输出高电平使三极管导通， 报警器 16、 发光二极管电路导通， 实现报警。

Claims

权利要求书
1、 一种在线检测强制风冷式刹车鼓， 包括制动鼓 （1 )， 制动鼓上设置有进 风口 （2)， 其特征在于： 所述的制动鼓 （1 ) 的轮辐的散热孔上还设置有集风罩 (3)， 在制动鼓 （1 ) 连接的制动凸轮轴上设置有测温传感器 （4), 在制动鼓内 的刹车蹄制动凸轮轴上设置有位置传感器 （5)。
' 2、 根据权利要求 1所述的一种在线检测强制风冷式刹车鼓， 其特征在于： 所述的测温传感器 （4) 与热电偶传感器串联与冷端补偿器 （7) 并联接入电压 放大器 （8 )， 电压放大器 （8 ) 的输出端与测温用电压比较器 （9) 连接， 测温 用电压比较器 （9) 输出端与三极管 （10) 连接。
3、 根据权利要求 1所述的一种在线检测强制风冷式刹车鼓， 其特征在于： 所述的位置传感器 （5 ) 与继电器 （12) 连接， 继电器 （12) 与放大器 （13 )、 电压比较器 （14)、 发光二极管 （15 ) 和报警器 （16) 依次串联。 '
4、 根据权利要求 1所述的一种在线检测强制风冷式刹车鼓， 其特征在于： 所述的进风口 （2) 为等尺寸、 等距离分布于制动鼓上且与轮辐上的通风孔内外 相联通。
5、 根据权利要求 1所述的一种在线检测强制风冷式刹'车鼓， 其特征在于： 所述的集风罩 （3 ) 的导风口分左右设置。
6、 根据权利要求 1所述的一种在线检测强制风冷式刹车鼓， 其特征在于： 所述的集风罩 （4) 用板式弹簧卡在轮辐的通风孔上。
7、 根据权利要求 3所述的一种在线检测强制风冷式刹车鼓， 其特征在于： 所述的继电器 （12) 内有触点 A和触点 B。
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