WO2011094997A1 - 多功能激光数控加工系统 - Google Patents

多功能激光数控加工系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011094997A1
WO2011094997A1 PCT/CN2010/075109 CN2010075109W WO2011094997A1 WO 2011094997 A1 WO2011094997 A1 WO 2011094997A1 CN 2010075109 W CN2010075109 W CN 2010075109W WO 2011094997 A1 WO2011094997 A1 WO 2011094997A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
processing
control
platform
axis
data loading
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PCT/CN2010/075109
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
苏力
刘朝涛
杨燕宾
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重庆斯沃德光电设备设计制造有限公司
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Publication of WO2011094997A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011094997A1/zh

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/08Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece
    • B23K26/0869Devices involving movement of the laser head in at least one axial direction
    • B23K26/0876Devices involving movement of the laser head in at least one axial direction in at least two axial directions
    • B23K26/0884Devices involving movement of the laser head in at least one axial direction in at least two axial directions in at least in three axial directions, e.g. manipulators, robots
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/14Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor
    • B23K26/1435Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor involving specially adapted flow control means

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to a laser processing device, in particular to a multifunctional laser numerical control machining system. Background technique
  • laser technology has been widely used in the field of cutting, drilling and welding of workpieces, including laser cutting process, laser welding process, laser marking process, laser drilling process, laser quenching process, laser spraying process, Laser cladding process, laser engraving process.
  • laser processing it is often necessary to perform laser processing at different angles on a plurality of different positions of the workpiece, and even a laser processing head is required to walk on the workpiece.
  • auxiliary gas required and the pressure are different for different processing processes.
  • oxygen with a gas pressure of 280 KF3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ 300 is usually required as an auxiliary gas
  • a gas pressure of about 50 Kf3 ⁇ 4 is required.
  • Even some complicated processing techniques require a certain amount of gas.
  • the ratio is mixed as an auxiliary gas.
  • the laser processing device has a single function, and cannot process the workpiece at different angles of different positions, and the relative travel of the laser processing head and the workpiece cannot be realized.
  • the laser processing auxiliary gas is usually only provided with a single intake pipe. To complete different processing processes, it is necessary to replace different gas sources and laser processing devices, and frequently replace the gas source device or laser processing during processing. Equipment, work is cumbersome, and in the process of replacing the gas source, the auxiliary gas is easy to leak, which may cause pollution and waste.
  • the prior art cannot meet a variety of lasers. Requirements for system integration.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a multi-function laser numerical control machining system capable of being compatible with a variety of laser processing processes, and capable of achieving relative walking of a laser processing head and a workpiece, and dynamically machining the workpiece from any angle.
  • the present invention provides a multifunctional laser numerical control machining system, which is provided with a central control system, a laser head three-dimensional walking system and a processing parameter input device, the key of which is: the central control system is provided with a processor and a process a process library, a data loading platform and a processing control platform: the parameter input end of the processor is connected to the processing parameter input device, acquires processing parameters, extracts a processing process flow in the process flow library, and processes parameters and processing techniques The process is sent to the data loading platform;
  • At least one processing process flow is installed in the process flow library
  • the data loading platform implants the processing parameters into a processing flow sent by the processor, generates a machining program, and sends the machining program to the machining control platform, and the three-dimensional output end group of the machining control platform connects the laser Head three-dimensional walking system.
  • the process flow library is provided with a cutting process flow, a welding process flow, a marking process flow, a punching process flow, a quenching process flow, a spray processing process, a fusing process flow, and an engraving process flow.
  • the data loading platform is provided with a cutting data loading platform, a welding data loading platform, a marking data loading platform, a punching data loading platform, a quenching data loading platform, a spraying data loading platform, a flooding data loading platform and an engraving data loading platform.
  • the rotation output end of the processing control platform is connected with a clamping system, and the clamping system is composed of a clamping and transmission mechanism and an adaptive mechanism;
  • the clamping and transmission mechanism comprises a clamping base, wherein the clamping base is mounted with a first horizontal rotating shaft via a bearing, and one end of the first horizontal rotating shaft is connected with a rotating power mechanism, and the other end of the first horizontal rotating shaft is mounted with an activity a collet, the movable collet facing the adaptive mechanism;
  • the movable chuck is used to hold the workpiece and drive the workpiece to rotate.
  • the adaptive mechanism cooperates with the movable chuck to ensure the workpiece can rotate smoothly and reliably.
  • the adaptive mechanism includes an adapting head base on which a second horizontal rotating shaft is mounted via a bearing, and an adaptive head is fixed on the second horizontal rotating shaft, the adaptive head is oriented toward the movable collet; Different workpieces, different adaptive heads can be set to meet the needs of different workpieces.
  • the adaptive head is conical with a cone tip of the conical adaptive head facing the movable collet.
  • the conical adaptive head cone faces the circular tube being machined, and the round tubes of different diameters can be placed on the tapered surface of the conical adaptive head.
  • the first horizontal axis, the movable chuck, the second horizontal axis, and the central axis of the adaptive head are on the same line.
  • Coaxial rotation can improve the stability of the workpiece.
  • a support mechanism is further disposed between the clamping and transmission mechanism and the adaptive mechanism, the support mechanism includes a movable support column, and the upper end of the movable support column is fixed with a saddle-shaped support platform, and the saddle-shaped support platform is symmetrically mounted a left telescopic support arm and a right telescopic support arm, wherein the extension lines of the left telescopic support arm and the right telescopic support arm center line intersect on the straight line, and the upper ends of the left telescopic support arm and the right telescopic support arm are installed Roller.
  • one or more can be installed between the transmission and the adaptive mechanism.
  • the left telescopic arm and the right telescopic arm are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the straight line, which can adapt the workpiece lifting of different diameters and diameters, and the height of the movable supporting column can be adjusted, and can adapt to the lifting of the workpiece.
  • the rotating power mechanism is a rotating electric machine connected to the machining control platform, and a pulley is fixed on an output shaft of the rotating electric machine, and the pulley is connected with the first horizontal rotating shaft belt.
  • the laser head three-dimensional traveling system is provided with an X-axis motor, and an output shaft of the X-axis motor is connected with an X-axis screw of an X-axis screw nut pair, and an X-axis nut and an X-axis slide of the X-axis screw nut pair Fixed connection, the X-axis slide table is equipped with a reel motor;
  • the Y-axis screw of the Y-axis screw nut pair is connected to the output shaft of the Y-axis motor, and the Y-axis nut of the Y-axis screw nut pair is fixedly connected with the Y-axis slide, and the Y-axis slide is mounted with z a shaft motor; an output shaft of the Z-axis motor is connected with a Z-axis screw of a Z-axis screw nut pair, and a z-axis nut of the Z-axis screw nut pair is fixedly connected with the Z-axis slide, and the Z-axis slide is fixed A laser head is mounted.
  • the laser head faces the straight line.
  • the three-dimensional output end group of the central control system is composed of an X-direction control end, a Y-direction control end and a z-direction control end, the X-direction control end is connected to the X-axis motor, and the Y-direction control end is connected to the Y-axis motor.
  • the Z-direction control terminal is connected to the Z-axis motor.
  • the laser head three-dimensional walking system realizes the three-dimensional free walking of the laser head in the X-axis, Y-axis and z-axis directions, and cooperates with the clamping system to drive the workpiece.
  • the steel tube realizes the rotation, the workpiece rotates, and the laser head can be different.
  • the workpiece is machined at an angle.
  • the laser head three-dimensional walking system and the clamping system work together to meet the functions of machining the workpiece at different angles from different positions, and also realize the relative walking of the laser processing head and the workpiece.
  • the gas control end group of the processing control platform is connected with a gas control system, and the gas control end
  • the auxiliary gas control device includes an air outlet manifold and an air nozzle, wherein the air outlet manifold is provided with a manifold pressure sensor and an air outlet flow control port, and an air outlet of the air outlet manifold is connected to the air nozzle, in the jet
  • An outlet pressure sensor is installed on the mouth, and at least one intake branch is connected to the air inlet of the outlet manifold;
  • Each branch pipe is equipped with a branch pipe pressure sensor and an intake flow control port;
  • the signal output ends of the manifold pressure sensor and the branch pipe pressure sensor are connected to the processing control platform;
  • control inputs of the outlet flow control port and the intake air flow control port are all coupled to the process control platform.
  • the processing control platform adjusts the intake flow control valve on each intake manifold according to the parameter requirements of the auxiliary gas of different processing technologies and the gas pressure detected by each branch pressure sensor, so that the branches are connected according to a given gas mixing ratio.
  • the ratio of the air source intake flow rate is in accordance with the gas mixing ratio.
  • the gas flowing in each branch is mixed in the gas outlet pipe, and the processing control platform detects the mixed gas pressure and the gas pressure of the gas outlet through the manifold pressure sensor and the outlet pressure sensor, and adjusts the gas flow rate according to the set gas pressure parameter of the gas outlet.
  • the gas mixing ratio By setting the gas mixing ratio, it is possible to provide a single gas source or a mixture of multiple gas sources, and integrate the air nozzle with the laser processing head to reduce the replacement of the gas source or the replacement of the laser device during processing.
  • the cumbersome process provides automatic control of different auxiliary gases for different laser processing processes.
  • a gas mixing tank is also installed on the gas outlet manifold.
  • the air inlet of the air outlet manifold is connected with three air inlet branches, which are respectively connected with an argon gas source, a nitrogen gas source and an oxygen gas source.
  • gases such as argon, nitrogen and oxygen are often used as the gas source.
  • gases such as argon, nitrogen and oxygen are often used as the gas source.
  • different gas sources such as carbon dioxide and helium can also be provided.
  • the branch pipe pressure sensor is installed at an intake end of the intake air flow control port, and the manifold pressure sensor is installed at an intake end of the outflow flow rate control port.
  • the pressure sensor is installed at the intake end of the flow control port to prevent the gas pressure from being detected due to the influence of the flow control.
  • a multi-function laser numerical control machining system capable of being compatible with a variety of laser processing processes and capable of processing workpieces from a plurality of different positions and angles.
  • automatic control technology is adopted to control the gas mixing ratio of single gas source or multiple gas sources and gas pressure.
  • the relevant laser head is set.
  • the walking path, the supply ratio of the auxiliary gas and the gas pressure are automatically controlled by the automatic control technology to meet the needs of various laser processing system integration.
  • Figure 1 is a block diagram of the connection of the central control system
  • Figure 2 is a general assembly diagram of the laser head three-dimensional walking system and the clamping system
  • Figure 3 is an assembly structure diagram of the clamping system
  • Figure 4 is an assembly structure diagram of a three-dimensional laser head system
  • Figure 5 is a plan view of a three-dimensional laser head system
  • Figure 6 is an assembled structural view of the support mechanism
  • Figure 7 is a connection diagram of the gas control system.
  • a multi-function laser CNC machining system is provided with a central control system, a laser head three-dimensional walking system 1 and a processing parameter input device.
  • the central control system is provided with a processor 2, a process flow library 3, and data.
  • the parameter input end of the processor 2 is connected to the processing parameter input device, and the processing parameter can be obtained by using the keyboard and the mouse as the most common processing parameter input device, and the processor 2 is connected to the process flow library 3 and the data loading platform 4 respectively.
  • the processor 2 extracts the processing flow in the process flow library 3, and sends the processing parameters and the processing flow to the data loading platform 4;
  • At least one processing process flow is installed in the process flow library 3;
  • the data loading platform 4 implants the processing parameters into the processing flow sent by the processor 2, generates a machining program, and sends the machining program to the machining control platform 5, and the three-dimensional output end group of the machining control platform 5
  • the laser head three-dimensional walking system 1 is connected.
  • the machining control platform 5 controls the working steps of the three-dimensional walking system 1 of the laser head according to the machining program.
  • the process flow library 3 is equipped with a cutting process flow, a welding process flow, a marking process flow, a punching process flow, a quenching process flow, a spray processing process, a fusing process flow, and an engraving process flow.
  • the data loading platform 4 is provided with a cutting data loading platform, a welding data loading platform, a marking data loading platform, a punching data loading platform, a quenching data loading platform, a spraying data loading platform, a flooding data loading platform and an engraving data loading platform. a data loading platform or multiple Data loading platform. According to the actual operation needs, the data loading platform 4 generates a corresponding processing procedure, and a plurality of laser processing processes can be completed by using one set of devices.
  • the rotation output end of the processing control platform 5 is connected with a clamping system, and the clamping system is composed of a clamping and transmission mechanism and an adaptive mechanism;
  • the clamping and transmission mechanism includes a clamping base 6 on which a first horizontal rotating shaft 7 is mounted via a bearing, and one end of the first horizontal rotating shaft 7 is connected to a rotating power mechanism, and the first horizontal rotating shaft 7 is The other end is equipped with a movable collet 8 which faces the adaptive mechanism;
  • the movable chuck 8 is used for holding the workpiece and driving the workpiece to rotate, and the adaptive mechanism cooperates with the movable chuck 8 to ensure the workpiece can rotate smoothly and reliably.
  • the movable collet 8 has a lot of structures, all of which are existing fixture technology, such as hoop technology.
  • the adaptive mechanism includes an adapting head base 9 on which a second horizontal rotating shaft 10 is mounted via a bearing, and an adaptive head 11 is fixed on the second horizontal rotating shaft 10, and the adaptive head 11 faces the The movable collet 8;
  • different adaptive heads 11 can be set to meet the needs of different workpieces.
  • the adaptive head 11 is conical with the cone tip of the conical adaptive head 11 facing the movable collet 8.
  • Conical adaptive head 11 The tapered surface faces the circular tube to be processed, and the round tubes of different diameters can be fitted on the tapered surface of the conical adaptive head 11.
  • the first horizontal shaft 7, the movable chuck 8, the second horizontal shaft 10, and the central axis of the adaptive head 11 are on the same straight line a.
  • Coaxial rotation can improve the stability of the workpiece.
  • a support machine is also installed between the clamping and transmission mechanism and the adaptive mechanism.
  • the support mechanism includes a movable support column 12, and the upper end of the movable support column 12 is fixed with a saddle-shaped support table 13, and the saddle-shaped support table 13 is symmetrically mounted with a left telescopic support arm 14a and a right telescopic support arm 14b.
  • An extension line of the center line of the left telescopic support arm 14a and the right telescopic support arm 14b intersects on the straight line a, and the upper end of the left telescopic support arm 14a and the right telescopic support arm 14b are mounted with the roller 15.
  • one or more support mechanisms can be installed between the transmission and the adaptive mechanism to lift the workpiece and maintain the balance of the workpiece.
  • the left telescopic arm 14a and the right telescopic arm 14b are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the straight line a, and can be adapted to the workpiece lifting of different sizes and diameters.
  • the height of the movable supporting column 12 can be adjusted, and can be adapted to the size of the workpiece lifting.
  • the rotating power mechanism is a rotating electric machine 16, and the rotating electric machine 16 is connected to the machining control platform 5.
  • the output shaft of the rotating electric machine 16 is fixed with a pulley, and the pulley and the first horizontal rotating shaft 7 Belt connection.
  • the laser head three-dimensional traveling system 1 is provided with an X-axis motor 17, and an output shaft of the X-axis motor 17 is connected with an X-axis screw 17a of an X-axis screw nut pair, the X The X-axis nut of the shaft nut pair is fixedly connected to the X-axis slide 18, and the Y-axis slide 18 is mounted with a Y-axis motor 19;
  • the Y-axis screw 19a of the Y-axis screw nut pair is connected to the output shaft of the Y-axis motor 19, and the Y-axis nut of the Y-axis screw nut pair is fixedly connected with the Y-axis slide 20, and the Y-axis slide 20 a Z-axis motor 21 is mounted thereon;
  • the Z-axis screw 21a of the Z-axis screw nut pair is connected to the output shaft of the Z-axis motor 21, and the Z-axis nut of the Z-axis screw nut pair is fixedly connected to the Z-axis slide 22, and the Z-axis slide 22 A laser head 23 is mounted thereon.
  • the laser head 23 faces the straight line a.
  • the three-dimensional output terminal group of the central control system is composed of an X-direction control terminal, a Y-direction control terminal, and a Z-direction control terminal, and the X-direction control terminal is connected to the X-axis motor 17 and Y-direction control.
  • the Y-axis motor 19 is connected to the end, and the Z-axis motor 21 is connected to the Z-direction control end.
  • the laser head three-dimensional walking system realizes the three-dimensional free walking of the laser head 23 in the X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis directions, and cooperates with the clamping system to drive the workpiece, such as the steel tube to achieve the rotation, the rotation of the workpiece, and realize the laser head 23
  • the workpiece is machined from different angles.
  • the laser head three-dimensional walking system cooperates with the clamping system to meet the functions of machining the workpiece at different angles from different positions, and also realizes the relative walking of the laser processing head and the workpiece.
  • the gas control end group of the processing control platform 5 is connected with a gas control system, and the gas control end group is connected with an auxiliary gas control device, and the auxiliary gas control device includes an air outlet manifold 31 and an air nozzle 32.
  • the outlet manifold 31 is provided with a manifold pressure sensor 24 and an outlet flow control port 25, and an outlet port of the outlet header 31 is connected to the air nozzle 32, and an air outlet pressure sensor 26 is mounted on the air nozzle 32, and the outlet manifold 31 is mounted on the air nozzle 32.
  • the intake port is connected with at least one intake branch pipe 27;
  • Each of the intake manifolds 27 is provided with a branch pipe pressure sensor 28 and an intake flow control port 29; the signal output ends of the manifold pressure sensor 24 and the branch pipe pressure sensor 28 are connected to the machining control platform 5;
  • the processing control platform 5 adjusts the intake flow control valve on each intake branch pipe according to the parameter requirements of the auxiliary gas of different processing processes and the gas pressure detected by each branch pipe pressure sensor, so that each branch road is adjusted according to a given gas mixing ratio.
  • the ratio of the connected air source intake flow rate is in accordance with the gas mixture Proportion.
  • the gas flowing in each branch is mixed in the gas outlet pipe, and the processing control platform 5 detects the mixed gas pressure and the gas pressure of the gas outlet through the manifold pressure sensor and the outlet pressure sensor, and adjusts the gas output according to the set gas pressure parameter of the gas outlet.
  • the flow control is such that the pressure of the auxiliary gas injected from the air nozzle and the gas mixing ratio can meet the requirements of the corresponding processing technology.
  • the gas mixing ratio By setting the gas mixing ratio, it is possible to provide a single gas source or a mixture of multiple gas sources, and integrate the air nozzle with the laser processing head to reduce the replacement of the gas source or the replacement of the laser device during processing.
  • the cumbersome process provides automatic control of different auxiliary gases for different laser processing processes.
  • a gas mixing tank 30 is also mounted on the gas outlet manifold 31.
  • the intake port of the air outlet manifold 31 is connected to three intake manifolds 27, which are respectively connected to an argon gas source 1a, a nitrogen gas source 1b, and an oxygen gas source 1c.
  • the branch pipe pressure sensor 28 is installed at the intake end of the intake air flow control port 29, and the manifold pressure sensor 24 is installed at the intake end of the outflow flow rate control port 25.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Description

说 明 书 多功能激光数控加工系统 技术领域
本发明属于激光加工装置, 尤其涉及一种多功能激光数控加工系统。 背景技术
随着加工工艺飞速发展, 激光技术已经广泛应用于工件的切割、 打孔 以及焊接领域中, 包括激光切割工艺、 激光焊接工艺、 激光标记工艺、 激 光打孔工艺、 激光淬火工艺、 激光喷涂工艺、 激光覆融工艺、 激光雕刻工 艺。 而在激光加工的过程中常常需要对工件的多个不同位置进行不同角度 的激光加工, 甚至需要激光加工头在工件上行走。
同时, 对于不同的加工工艺, 所需辅助气体类型以及气压都有所不同。 比如说, 在切割工艺中通常需要气压为 280 KF¾〜300 的氧气作为辅助 气体, 而在焊接工艺中则需气压为 50 Kf¾左右的氮气, 甚至有一些复杂的 加工工艺还需要多种气体按照一定的比例混合后作为辅助气体。
但现有技术的缺点是: 激光加工装置功能单一, 无法满足多个不同位 置不同角度对工件进行加工, 更无法实现激光加工头与工件的相对行走。 同时, 激光加工的辅助气体通常也只设置有单路进气管, 要完成不同的加 工工艺, 需要通过更换不同的气体气源和激光加工装置, 在加工时频繁的 更换气源装置或者是激光加工设备, 工作繁琐, 而且在替换气源的过程中, 辅助气体容易泄露, 可能造成污染和浪费, 现有技术无法满足多种激光加 工系统集成的要求。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种多功能激光数控加工系统, 能够兼容多种激 光加工工艺, 并能实现激光加工头与工件的相对行走, 从任意角度对工件 进行动态加工。
为达到上述目的, 本发明提供了一种多功能激光数控加工系统, 设置有 中央控制系统、 激光头三维行走系统和加工参数输入装置, 其关键在于: 所 述中央控制系统设置有处理器、 工艺流程库、 数据加载平台和加工控制平台: 所述处理器的参数输入端连接所述加工参数输入装置, 获取加工参数, 提取所述工艺流程库内的加工工艺流程, 并将加工参数和加工工艺流程送入 所述数据加载平台;
所述工艺流程库内安装有至少一种加工工艺流程;
所述数据加载平台将所述加工参数植入处理器送来的加工工艺流程, 生 成加工程序, 并将加工程序送入所述加工控制平台, 该加工控制平台的三维 输出端组连接所述激光头三维行走系统。
所述工艺流程库内安装有切割加工工艺流程、 焊接加工工艺流程、 标记 加工工艺流程、 打孔加工工艺流程、 淬火加工工艺流程、 喷涂加工工艺流程、 覆融加工工艺流程、 雕刻加工工艺流程中的一种工艺流程或多种工艺流程。
所述数据加载平台内安装有切割数据加载平台、 焊接数据加载平台、 标 记数据加载平台、 打孔数据加载平台、 淬火数据加载平台、 喷涂数据加载平 台、 覆融数据加载平台和雕刻数据加载平台中的一种数据加载平台或多种数 据加载平台。 所述加工控制平台的旋转输出端连接有夹持系统, 该夹持系统由夹持及 传动机构和自适应机构组成;
其中夹持及传动机构包括夹持基座, 该夹持基座上经轴承安装有第一水 平转轴, 该第一水平转轴的一端连接转动动力机构, 该第一水平转轴的另一 端安装有活动夹头, 该活动夹头朝向所述自适应机构;
活动夹头用于加持工件, 并带动工件旋转, 自适应机构配合活动夹头, 保证工件能平稳可靠旋转。
所述自适应机构包括适应头基座, 该适应头基座上经轴承安装有第二水 平转轴, 该第二水平转轴上固定有自适应头, 该自适应头朝向所述活动夹头; 根据不同的工件, 设置不同的自适应头, 可以满足不同工件的加持需要。 所述自适应头为圆锥形, 该圆锥形自适应头的锥尖朝向所述活动夹头。 圆锥形自适应头锥面朝向被加工的圆管, 不同直径的圆管都可以套装在圆锥 形自适应头的锥面上。
所述第一水平转轴、 活动夹头、 第二水平转轴和自适应头的中轴线在同 一直线上。
同轴旋转, 能提高工件的稳定性。
在所述夹持及传动机构和自适应机构之间还安装有支撑机构, 该支撑机 构包括活动支撑柱, 该活动支撑柱的上端固定有马鞍形支撑台, 该马鞍形支 撑台上对称安装有左伸缩支臂和右伸缩支臂, 所述左伸缩支臂和右伸缩支臂 中心线的延长线在所述直线上相交, 且所述左伸缩支臂和右伸缩支臂的上端 都安装有滚轮。
如果工件过大过长, 可以在传动机构和自适应机构之间安装一个或多个 支撑机构, 用来托举工件, 维持工件的平衡。 左伸缩支臂和右伸缩支臂对称 布置在直线的两侧, 能自适应不同大小直径的工件托举, 活动支撑柱的高度 可以调节, 能适应大小工件托举。
所述转动动力机构为转动电机, 该转动电机连接所述加工控制平台, 该 转动电机的输出轴上固定有皮带轮, 该皮带轮与所述第一水平转轴皮带连接。
所述激光头三维行走系统设置有 X轴电机,该 X轴电机的输出轴连接有 X 轴丝杆螺母副的 X轴丝杆, 该 X轴丝杆螺母副的 X轴螺母与 X轴滑台固定连 接, 该 X轴滑台上安装有丫轴电机;
所述 Y轴电机的输出轴连接有 Y轴丝杆螺母副的 Y轴丝杆, 该 Y轴丝杆 螺母副的 Y轴螺母与 Y轴滑台固定连接, 该 Y轴滑台上安装有 z轴电机; 所述 Z轴电机的输出轴连接有 Z轴丝杆螺母副的 Z轴丝杆, 该 Z轴丝杆 螺母副的 z轴螺母与 Z轴滑台固定连接, 该 Z轴滑台上安装有激光头。
所述激光头朝向所述直线。
所述中央控制系统的三维输出端组由 X向控制端、 Y向控制端和 z向控制 端组成, 所述 X向控制端连接所述 X轴电机, Y向控制端连接所述 Y轴电机, Z向控制端连接所述 Z轴电机。
激光头三维行走系统实现了激光头在 X轴、 Y轴、 z轴方向上的三维的自 由行走, 配合夹持系统带动加工工件, 如钢管实现自转, 工件的自转, 实现 了激光头能从不同角度对工件进行加工。 激光头三维行走系统和夹持系统配 合工作, 满足了多个不同位置不同角度对工件进行加工的功能, 也实现激光 加工头与工件的相对行走。
所述加工控制平台的气体控制端组连接有气体控制系统, 该气体控制端 组连接有辅助气体控制装置, 所述辅助气体控制装置包括出气总管、 喷气嘴, 其中出气总管上安装有总管压力传感器和出气流量控制闽, 该出气总管的出 气口连接所述喷气嘴, 在喷气嘴上安装有出气压力传感器, 所述出气总管的 进气口连接有至少一路进气支管;
每一路进气支管安装有支管压力传感器和进气流量控制闽;
所述总管压力传感器和支管压力传感器的信号输出端都连接在所述加工 控制平台上;
所述出气流量控制闽和进气流量控制闽的控制输入端都连接在所述加工 控制平台上。
加工控制平台根据不同加工工艺辅助气体的参数要求以及各个支管压力 传感器检测到的气体压力, 按照给定的气体混合比例, 调节各路进气支管上 的进气流量控制阀, 使得各个支路上连接的气源进气流量之比符合气体混合 比例。 各个支路中流入的气体在出气总管中混合, 加工控制平台通过总管压 力传感器以及出气压力传感器检测混合后的气体压力以及出气口的气体压 力, 根据设定的出气口气体压力参数, 调节出气流量控制闽, 使得喷气嘴喷 出辅助气体的压力以及气体混合比例能够满足相应加工工艺的要求。 通过设 定气体混合比例, 既可以提供单一气源, 也可以实现多种气源的混合, 将喷 气嘴与激光加工头做成一体, 减少了在加工过程中更换气源或是更换激光设 备的繁琐工序, 对不同激光加工工艺提供不同辅助气体实现了自动控制。
所述出气总管上还安装有混气罐。
通过在出气总管上安装混气罐优化了多种气体的混合效果, 使得气体混 合更加均匀, 输出的气体压力更稳定。 所述出气总管的进气口连接有三路进气支管, 分别与氩气气源, 氮气气 源以及氧气气源连接。
根据常用加工工艺辅助气体的要求, 常常采用氩气, 氮气以及氧气等气 体作为气体气源, 对于一些特殊工艺, 也可以设置不同的气体气源, 比如二 氧化碳以及氦气等。
所述支管压力传感器安装在进气流量控制闽的进气端, 所述总管压力传 感器安装在出气流量控制闽的进气端。
将压力传感器安装在流量控制闽的进气端, 防止因为流量控制闽的影响 而对气体压力的检测弓 I起误差。
本发明的显著效果是: 一种多功能激光数控加工系统, 能够兼容多种激 光加工工艺, 并能从多个不同位置不同角度对工件进行加工。 同时根据不同 激光加工工艺对辅助气体的要求, 采用自动控制技术实现对单一气源或者多 种气源的气体混合比例以及气体压强进行控制, 根据不同的加工工艺的需求, 设定相关激光头的行走路径、 辅助气体的供应比例和气体压强, 采用自动控 制技术自动完成相应控制流程, 满足多种激光加工系统集成的需要。
附图说明
图 1是中央控制系统的连接框图;
图 2是激光头三维行走系统和夹持系统的总装图;
图 3是夹持系统的装配结构图;
图 4是激光头三维行走系统的装配结构图;
图 5是激光头三维行走系统的俯视图;
图 6是支撑机构的装配结构图; 图 7是本气体控制系统的连接关系图。
具体实 式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一歩详细说明。
如图 1 所示: 一种多功能激光数控加工系统, 设置有中央控制系统、 激 光头三维行走系统 1和加工参数输入装置,所述中央控制系统设置有处理器 2、 工艺流程库 3、 数据加载平台 4和加工控制平台 5:
所述处理器 2的参数输入端连接所述加工参数输入装置, 借助键盘、 鼠 标作为最常见的加工参数输入装置, 就可以获取加工参数, 处理器 2分别连 接工艺流程库 3和数据加载平台 4,处理器 2提取所述工艺流程库 3内的加工 工艺流程, 并将加工参数和加工工艺流程送入所述数据加载平台 4;
所述工艺流程库 3内安装有至少一种加工工艺流程;
所述数据加载平台 4将所述加工参数植入处理器 2送来的加工工艺流程, 生成加工程序, 并将加工程序送入所述加工控制平台 5, 该加工控制平台 5的 三维输出端组连接所述激光头三维行走系统 1。
加工控制平台 5根据加工程序控制激光头三维行走系统 1的工作歩骤。 所述工艺流程库 3 内安装有切割加工工艺流程、 焊接加工工艺流程、 标 记加工工艺流程、 打孔加工工艺流程、 淬火加工工艺流程、 喷涂加工工艺流 程、 覆融加工工艺流程、 雕刻加工工艺流程中的一种工艺流程或多种工艺流 程。
所述数据加载平台 4 内安装有切割数据加载平台、 焊接数据加载平台、 标记数据加载平台、 打孔数据加载平台、 淬火数据加载平台、 喷涂数据加载 平台、 覆融数据加载平台和雕刻数据加载平台中的一种数据加载平台或多种 数据加载平台。 根据实际操作需要, 数据加载平台 4生成相应的加工工艺程 序, 利用一套装置, 就能够完成多种激光加工工艺。
如图 3所示: 所述加工控制平台 5的旋转输出端连接有夹持系统, 该夹 持系统由夹持及传动机构和自适应机构组成;
其中夹持及传动机构包括夹持基座 6,该夹持基座 6上经轴承安装有第一 水平转轴 7, 该第一水平转轴 7的一端连接转动动力机构, 该第一水平转轴 7 的另一端安装有活动夹头 8, 该活动夹头 8朝向所述自适应机构;
活动夹头 8用于加持工件,并带动工件旋转,自适应机构配合活动夹头 8, 保证工件能平稳可靠旋转。 活动夹头 8的结构很多, 都是现有的工装夹具技 术, 如抱箍技术。
所述自适应机构包括适应头基座 9,该适应头基座 9上经轴承安装有第二 水平转轴 10, 该第二水平转轴 10上固定有自适应头 11, 该自适应头 11朝向 所述活动夹头 8;
根据不同的工件, 设置不同的自适应头 11, 可以满足不同工件的加持需 要。
所述自适应头 11 为圆锥形, 该圆锥形自适应头 11 的锥尖朝向所述活动 夹头 8。 圆锥形自适应头 11锥面朝向被加工的圆管, 不同直径的圆管都可以 套装在圆锥形自适应头 11的锥面上。
所述第一水平转轴 7、 活动夹头 8、 第二水平转轴 10和自适应头 11的中 轴线在同一直线 a上。
同轴旋转, 能提高工件的稳定性。
如图 6所示: 在所述夹持及传动机构和自适应机构之间还安装有支撑机 构, 该支撑机构包括活动支撑柱 12, 该活动支撑柱 12的上端固定有马鞍形支 撑台 13,该马鞍形支撑台 13上对称安装有左伸缩支臂 14a和右伸缩支臂 14b, 所述左伸缩支臂 14a和右伸缩支臂 14b中心线的延长线在所述直线 a上相交, 且所述左伸缩支臂 14a和右伸缩支臂 14b的上端都安装有滚轮 15。
如果工件过大过长, 可以在传动机构和自适应机构之间安装一个或多个 支撑机构, 用来托举工件, 维持工件的平衡。 左伸缩支臂 14a和右伸缩支臂 14b对称布置在直线 a的两侧, 能自适应不同大小直径的工件托举, 活动支撑 柱 12的高度可以调节, 能适应大小工件托举。
如图 3所示: 所述转动动力机构为转动电机 16, 该转动电机 16连接所述 加工控制平台 5, 该转动电机 16的输出轴上固定有皮带轮, 该皮带轮与所述 第一水平转轴 7皮带连接。
如图 2、 4、 5所示: 所述激光头三维行走系统 1设置有 X轴电机 17, 该 X轴电机 17的输出轴连接有 X轴丝杆螺母副的 X轴丝杆 17a, 该 X轴丝杆螺 母副的 X轴螺母与 X轴滑台 18固定连接, 该 X轴滑台 18上安装有 Y轴电机 19;
所述 Y轴电机 19的输出轴连接有 Y轴丝杆螺母副的 Y轴丝杆 19a, 该 Y 轴丝杆螺母副的 Y轴螺母与 Y轴滑台 20固定连接,该 Y轴滑台 20上安装有 Z 轴电机 21;
所述 Z轴电机 21的输出轴连接有 Z轴丝杆螺母副的 Z轴丝杆 21a, 该 Z 轴丝杆螺母副的 Z轴螺母与 Z轴滑台 22固定连接, 该 Z轴滑台 22上安装有 激光头 23。
所述激光头 23朝向所述直线 a。 如图 7所示: 所述中央控制系统的三维输出端组由 X向控制端、 Y向控制 端和 Z向控制端组成, 所述 X向控制端连接所述 X轴电机 17, Y向控制端连 接所述 Y轴电机 19, Z向控制端连接所述 Z轴电机 21。
激光头三维行走系统实现了激光头 23在 X轴、 Y轴、 Z轴方向上的三维 的自由行走, 配合夹持系统带动加工工件, 如钢管实现自转, 工件的自转, 实现了激光头 23能从不同角度对工件进行加工。 激光头三维行走系统和夹持 系统配合工作, 满足了多个不同位置不同角度对工件进行加工的功能, 也实 现激光加工头与工件的相对行走。
如图 7所示: 所述加工控制平台 5的气体控制端组连接有气体控制系统, 该气体控制端组连接有辅助气体控制装置, 所述辅助气体控制装置包括出气 总管 31、 喷气嘴 32, 其中出气总管 31上安装有总管压力传感器 24和出气流 量控制闽 25, 该出气总管 31的出气口连接所述喷气嘴 32, 在喷气嘴 32上安 装有出气压力传感器 26,所述出气总管 31的进气口连接有至少一路进气支管 27;
每一路进气支管 27安装有支管压力传感器 28和进气流量控制闽 29; 所述总管压力传感器 24和支管压力传感器 28的信号输出端都连接在所 述加工控制平台 5上;
所述出气流量控制闽 25和进气流量控制闽 29的控制输入端都连接在所 述加工控制平台 5上。
加工控制平台 5根据不同加工工艺辅助气体的参数要求以及各个支管压 力传感器检测到的气体压力, 按照给定的气体混合比例, 调节各路进气支管 上的进气流量控制阀, 使得各个支路上连接的气源进气流量之比符合气体混 合比例。 各个支路中流入的气体在出气总管中混合, 加工控制平台 5通过总 管压力传感器以及出气压力传感器检测混合后的气体压力以及出气口的气体 压力, 根据设定的出气口气体压力参数, 调节出气流量控制闽, 使得喷气嘴 喷出辅助气体的压力以及气体混合比例能够满足相应加工工艺的要求。 通过 设定气体混合比例, 既可以提供单一气源, 也可以实现多种气源的混合, 将 喷气嘴与激光加工头做成一体, 减少了在加工过程中更换气源或是更换激光 设备的繁琐工序, 对不同激光加工工艺提供不同辅助气体实现了自动控制。
所述出气总管 31上还安装有混气罐 30。
所述出气总管 31的进气口连接有三路进气支管 27, 分别与氩气气源 1a, 氮气气源 1b以及氧气气源 1c连接。
所述支管压力传感器 28安装在进气流量控制闽 29的进气端, 所述总管 压力传感器 24安装在出气流量控制闽 25的进气端。
尽管以上结构结合附图对本发明的优选实施例进行了描述, 但本发明不 限于上述具体实施方式, 上述具体实施方式仅仅是示意性的而不是限定性的, 本领域的普通技术人员在本发明的启示下, 在不违背本发明宗旨及权利要求 的前提下, 可以作出多种类似的表示, 如更改三维行走系统的结构、 活动夹 头 8的结构、 活动支撑柱 10的高度调节方式、 支撑臂的装配方式、 气源种类 和数量、 更换压力传感器和流量控制闽的相对位置等方式, 这样的变换均落 入本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、 一种多功能激光数控加工系统, 设置有中央控制系统、 激光头三维行 走系统 (1 ) 和加工参数输入装置, 其特征在于: 所述中央控制系统设置有处 理器 (2)、 工艺流程库 (3)、 数据加载平台 (4) 和加工控制平台 (5): 所述处理器 (2) 的参数输入端连接所述加工参数输入装置, 获取加工参 数, 提取所述工艺流程库 (3) 内的加工工艺流程, 并将加工参数和加工工艺 流程送入所述数据加载平台 (4);
所述工艺流程库 (3) 内安装有至少一种加工工艺流程;
所述数据加载平台 (4) 将所述加工参数植入处理器 (2) 送来的加工工 艺流程, 生成加工程序, 并将加工程序送入所述加工控制平台 (5), 该加工 控制平台 (5) 的三维输出端组连接所述激光头三维行走系统 (1 )。
2、 根据权利要求 1 所述的多功能激光数控加工系统.其特征在于: 所述 工艺流程库 (3) 内安装有切割加工工艺流程、 焊接加工工艺流程、 标记加工 工艺流程、 打孔加工工艺流程、 淬火加工工艺流程、 喷涂加工工艺流程、 覆 融加工工艺流程、 雕刻加工工艺流程中的一种工艺流程或多种工艺流程。
3、 根据权利要求 1 所述的多功能激光数控加工系统.其特征在于: 所述 数据加载平台 (4) 内安装有切割数据加载平台、 焊接数据加载平台、 标记数 据加载平台、 打孔数据加载平台、 淬火数据加载平台、 喷涂数据加载平台、 覆融数据加载平台和雕刻数据加载平台中的一种数据加载平台或多种数据加 载平台。
4、 根据权利要求 1 所述的多功能激光数控加工系统.其特征在于: 所述 加工控制平台 (5) 的旋转输出端连接有夹持系统, 该夹持系统由夹持及传动 机构和自适应机构组成;
其中夹持及传动机构包括夹持基座 (6), 该夹持基座 (6) 上经轴承安装 有第一水平转轴 (7), 该第一水平转轴 (7) 的一端连接转动动力机构, 该第 一水平转轴 (7) 的另一端安装有活动夹头 (8), 该活动夹头 (8) 朝向所述 自适应机构;
所述自适应机构包括适应头基座 (9), 该适应头基座 (9) 上经轴承安装 有第二水平转轴 (10), 该第二水平转轴 (10) 上固定有自适应头 (11 ), 该 自适应头 (11 ) 朝向所述活动夹头 (8);
所述自适应头 (11 ) 为圆锥形, 该圆锥形自适应头 (11 ) 的锥尖朝向所 述活动夹头 (8)。
所述第一水平转轴 (7)、 活动夹头 (8)、 第二水平转轴 (10) 和自适应 头 (11 ) 的中轴线在同一直线 (a) 上。
5、 根据权利要求 4所述的多功能激光数控加工系统.其特征在于: 在所 述夹持及传动机构和自适应机构之间还安装有支撑机构, 该支撑机构包括活 动支撑柱 (12), 该活动支撑柱 (12) 的上端固定有马鞍形支撑台 (13), 该 马鞍形支撑台 (13) 上对称安装有左伸缩支臂 (14a) 和右伸缩支臂 (14b), 所述左伸缩支臂 (14a) 和右伸缩支臂 (14b) 中心线的延长线在所述直线 a 上相交, 且所述左伸缩支臂 (14a) 和右伸缩支臂 (14b) 的上端都安装有滚 轮 (15)。
6、 根据权利要求 4所述的多功能激光数控加工系统.其特征在于: 所述 转动动力机构为转动电机(16),该转动电机(16)连接所述加工控制平台(5), 该转动电机 (16) 的输出轴上固定有皮带轮, 该皮带轮与所述第一水平转轴 (7) 皮带连接。
7、 根据权利要求 1 所述的多功能激光数控加工系统.其特征在于: 所述 激光头三维行走系统 (1 ) 设置有 X轴电机 (17), 该 X轴电机 (17) 的输出 轴连接有 X轴丝杆螺母副的 X轴丝杆 (17a), 该 X轴丝杆螺母副的 X轴螺母 与 X轴滑台 (18) 固定连接, 该 X轴滑台 (18) 上安装有 Y轴电机 (19); 所述 Y轴电机 (19) 的输出轴连接有丫轴丝杆螺母副的 Y轴丝杆 (19a), 该 Y轴丝杆螺母副的丫轴螺母与 Y轴滑台 (20) 固定连接, 该 Y轴滑台 (20) 上安装有 Z轴电机 (21 );
所述 Z轴电机 (21 ) 的输出轴连接有 Z轴丝杆螺母副的 Z轴丝杆 (21a), 该 Z轴丝杆螺母副的 Z轴螺母与 Z轴滑台 (22) 固定连接, 该 Z轴滑台 (22) 上安装有激光头 (23)。
8、 根据权利要求 4或 7所述的多功能激光数控加工系统.其特征在于: 所述激光头 (23) 朝向所述直线 (a)。
9、 根据权利要求 7所述的多功能激光数控加工系统.其特征在于: 所述 中央控制系统的三维输出端组由 X向控制端、 Y向控制端和 Z向控制端组成, 所述 X向控制端连接所述 X轴电机(17), Y向控制端连接所述 Y轴电机(19), Z向控制端连接所述 Z轴电机 (21 )。
10、 根据权利要求 1所述的多功能激光数控加工系统.其特征在于: 所述 加工控制平台 (5) 的气体控制端组连接有气体控制系统, 该气体控制端组连 接有辅助气体控制装置, 所述辅助气体控制装置包括出气总管 (31 )、 喷气嘴
(32), 其中出气总管 (31 ) 上安装有总管压力传感器 (24) 和出气流量控制 闽 (25), 该出气总管 (31 ) 的出气口连接所述喷气嘴 (32), 在喷气嘴 (32) 上安装有出气压力传感器 (26), 所述出气总管 (31 ) 的进气口连接有至少一 路进气支管 (27);
每一路进气支管 (27) 安装有支管压力传感器 (28) 和进气流量控制闽 (29);
所述总管压力传感器 (24) 和支管压力传感器 (28) 的信号输出端都连 接在所述加工控制平台 (5) 上;
所述出气流量控制闽 (25) 和进气流量控制闽 (29) 的控制输入端都连 接在所述加工控制平台 (5) 上。
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