WO2011094720A1 - Composite biomass fuel compact - Google Patents
Composite biomass fuel compact Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2011094720A1 WO2011094720A1 PCT/US2011/023245 US2011023245W WO2011094720A1 WO 2011094720 A1 WO2011094720 A1 WO 2011094720A1 US 2011023245 W US2011023245 W US 2011023245W WO 2011094720 A1 WO2011094720 A1 WO 2011094720A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- additive
- biomass fuel
- fuel compact
- biomass
- hydroxide
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 85
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title description 8
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000002335 preservative effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 15
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 244000207740 Lemna minor Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000006439 Lemna minor Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000001855 Portulaca oleracea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010907 stover Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 241001520808 Panicum virgatum Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004484 Briquette Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000018646 Pinus brutia Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010828 animal waste Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002817 coal dust Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010893 paper waste Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000068645 Carya illinoensis Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000009025 Carya illinoensis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 241001070941 Castanea Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000014036 Castanea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000208682 Liquidambar Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000006552 Liquidambar styraciflua Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000124008 Mammalia Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000061176 Nicotiana tabacum Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000002637 Nicotiana tabacum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000008331 Pinus X rigitaeda Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011613 Pinus brutia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000269722 Thea sinensis Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000009754 Vitis X bourquina Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000012333 Vitis X labruscana Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000006365 Vitis vinifera Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000014787 Vitis vinifera Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002154 agricultural waste Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011111 cardboard Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011093 chipboard Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010816 packaging waste Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010909 process residue Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010925 yard waste Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000098338 Triticum aestivum Species 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 description 6
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000003139 biocide Substances 0.000 description 3
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003115 biocidal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000417 fungicide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 244000075850 Avena orientalis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007319 Avena orientalis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrous Oxide Chemical class [O-][N+]#N GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000305267 Quercus macrolepis Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019752 Wheat Middilings Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- -1 and the like Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002551 biofuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000378 calcium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052918 calcium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001684 chronic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004825 constant-volume calorimetry Methods 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UQGFMSUEHSUPRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N disodium;3,7-dioxido-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3,5,7-tetraborabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].O1B([O-])OB2OB([O-])OB1O2 UQGFMSUEHSUPRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003309 forest litter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000855 fungicidal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005431 greenhouse gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PAZHGORSDKKUPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium metasilicate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O PAZHGORSDKKUPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052912 lithium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010705 motor oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005615 natural polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005691 oxidative coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007655 standard test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011885 synergistic combination Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L5/00—Solid fuels
- C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L5/00—Solid fuels
- C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
- C10L5/44—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on vegetable substances
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to renewable energy sources, and in particular, resources that do not depend on fossil fuels and that reduce emissions of "greenhouse gas” carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. More specifically, the present disclosure relates to compositions and structures for combustible biomass, or biofuel materials.
- biomass materials, in which a combustible combination of waste, such as wood chips or sawdust, along with certain additives, are combined and processed to create an energy resource that can take the place of, or be combined with, for example, coal.
- a common biomass is the wood pellet, which is now subject to a standard developed by the Pellet Fuels Institute. More specifically, a "premium” oak species wood pellet provides 8810 BTU/lb, and a “standard” pine species wood pellet provides 9600 BTU/lb. Furthermore, both ash and chlorine content are provided by the standard.
- Known biomass materials contain natural lignins, which are released with heat of the constituent materials in order to bind the materials together into a burnable mass.
- Natural lignins for example from various wood sources, are complex natural polymers resulting from oxidative coupling of, primarily, 4- hydroxyphenylpropanoids. Additionally, other materials such as thermoplastic resins have been used to bind the constituent materials together.
- a biomass fuel compact comprising a body having a combustible biomass composition and an adhesive additive, wherein the adhesive additive comprises a starch and a hydroxide.
- a biomass fuel compact comprising a combustible biomass composition and an adhesive additive.
- the adhesive additive comprises at least one of a starch and a hydroxide.
- a biomass fuel compact comprising a body having a combustible biomass composition, an adhesive additive comprising a starch and a hydroxide, a silicate additive, and at least one of a viscosity additive and a preservative.
- the hydroxide is selected from the group consisting of alkali metal hydroxides, alkaline earth hydroxides, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, and caustic soda.
- Further additives may also include a silicate additive, (which may be a liquid or powder form), a viscosity additive, a preservative, (which may include fungicide or biocide), and a BTU additive (which may include any combustible oil source).
- silicate additive which may be a liquid or powder form
- a viscosity additive which may include fungicide or biocide
- BTU additive which may include any combustible oil source.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of various geometric forms of a body of a biomass fuel compact constructed in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 2A is a perspective view of an alternate form of a body for the biomass fuel compact in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure
- FIG. 2B is a front view of the alternate form of the body for the biomass fuel compact of FIG. 2A accordance with the principles of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 2C is a side view of the alternate form of the body for the biomass fuel compact of FIG. 2A accordance with the principles of the present disclosure.
- a biomass fuel compact that comprises a body, which may be in any shape or form, such as the exemplary forms shown in FIG. 1 .
- the body 10 may be in the form of a pellet, a briquette, or a puck. It should be understood that these geometric forms are merely exemplary and thus they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present disclosure.
- the body 10 comprises a combustible biomass composition that can essentially be any combustible material, or combination of combustible materials, and/or their use waste.
- these materials may include saw dust, cardboard and chipboard, grass, switchgrass, energy crops, hay, tree bark, sweetgum seed pods, pinecones, newsprint, wheat straw, duckweed, pine needles, mixed leaves, yard waste, agricultural waste, cotton waste, grape and wine offal, corn stover, crop stovers, peat, tobacco waste, tea waste, coffee waste, food processing waste, food packaging waste, nut meats and shells, chestnut hulls, pecan shells, animal waste, livestock waste, mammal waste, municipal solid waste, paper waste, pallets, and egg cartons.
- the biomass fuel compact is highly durable do to its inventive adhesive additive.
- the biomass fuel compact uses a Stein Hall type adhesive made from starch, or any other suitable material to replace the natural lignins as set forth above.
- a Stein Hall adhesive about 5% to 20% of the total starch content is gelatinized into a high viscosity paste called primary starch.
- the remainder of the starch (about 80% to 90%) stays ungelatinized and is called secondary starch.
- the starch may be one produced from wheat, oats, rice, corn, wheat middling, wheat waste or even wood and the like, but containing a gelatinized fraction that upon substantial drying will tightly bond the biomass composition.
- the adhesive additive includes a hydroxide.
- the hydroxide may be, for example, alkali metal hydroxides, alkaline earth hydroxides, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, and caustic soda, among others.
- the synergistic combination of starch and hydroxide provide a highly durable biomass fuel compact, in which any number of constituent combustible materials may be used, without relying on any natural lignins or other undesirable binders.
- the innovative adhesive is provided to bind the constituent biomass composition and also to form a substantially continuous shell around the exterior portion of the fuel compact.
- the biomass fuel compact according to the present disclosure is highly durable and significantly reduces the traditional dust issues associated with biomass compositions, as set forth above.
- the biomass fuel compact comprises, by percent weight, about 69 - 98% biomass composition, about 1 - 30% starch, and less than 1 % hydroxide. Another composition is about 90 - 95% biomass and about 5 - 10% of the inventive adhesive additive.
- Further additives are also provided by the present disclosure, which may include, by way of example, a silicate additive, (which may be a liquid or powder form), a viscosity additive, a preservative, and a BTU additive.
- the silicate additive is included to provide added weather resistance and hydrogen bonding of biomass particles.
- the silicate may include sodium, potassium, or lithium, or mixtures of these three in one form of the present disclosure.
- the viscosity additive may be a naturally occurring biomass such as duckweed reduced to a flour particle size, or rice hulls, or coal dust, or any other viscosity altering substance.
- the preservatives may include, by way of example, fungicides, biocides, or mixtures of these two, in one form of the present disclosure.
- the preservative may include sodium tetraborate or borax containing compounds at a concentration of about 1 to about 5%, and more particularly, about 1 to about 2%.
- sodium silicate may be added to improve water repellency and act as a biocide, along with any oil, natural or petroleum based, used motor oil, or oil derivatives as the BTU additive.
- each of the viscosity additive and the BTU additive are combustible materials.
- the viscosity additive in one form, is a naturally occurring biomass such as duckweed, rice hulls, and coal dust.
- the BTU additive is an oil or an oil derivative, either natural or petroleum based, and either new, off specification, or waste oil.
- the biomass fuel compact comprises about 50 - 95% biomass, about 5 - 50% starch, about 0.005 - 0.05% hydroxide, about 0.1 - 5% silicate additive, and about 0.1 - 2% viscosity additive or preservative.
- the BTU additive may comprise about 1 to about 40% of the final fuel compact composition.
- an energy content of about 8,500 BTU/lb is achieved with the claimed biomass fuel compact.
- FIGS. 2A - 2C one innovative form of the body for the biomass fuel compact is illustrated and generally indicated by reference numeral 20.
- the body is modeled after a kernel of corn, which is has a hard outer shell, is transportable, has relatively flat sides, and an advantageous aspect ratio in order to be highly durable for handling and downstream operations.
- the body 20 has an upper portion 22, a lower portion 24, and tapered sidewalls 26, 28, 30, and 32 extending from the upper portion 22 to the lower portion 24, wherein the upper portion 22 is wider than the lower portion 24.
- the body 20 comprises rounded edges 34 as shown, in order to provide increased durability.
- the tapered sidewalls 26 and 28 are generally parallel and opposed as shown, as are the tapered walls 30 and 32. At least one of the tapered sidewalls 26, 28, 30, and 32 defines a flat surface in one form of the present disclosure. Additionally, the body 20 may define an aperture 40 formed therethrough in another form of the present disclosure.
- This aperture 40 which is shown in this exemplary form as a hole, is provided to increase the surface area to facilitate dry- down of the compact and also to improve the rate of combustion. It should be understood that this geometry, along with the pellet, puck, and briquette as previously set forth, are merely exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present disclosure.
- a composite biomass fuel compact is provided by the present disclosure that is durable, that reduces the amount of dust normally associated with known biomass compositions, that is lower cost, higher efficiency, and reduces and/or improves regulated or unregulated emissions.
- the innovative adhesive tends to not only bind the composite biomass, but also to form a substantially continuous shell around the exterior of the compact, providing for a highly durable composite biomass fuel compact.
- BTU content was tested using a bomb calorimetry, Model IKA c2000 basic.
- the test method was ASTM D5865, standard test method for Gross Calorific value of Coal and Coke.
- Five variations of the innovative composite biomass fuel compact were tested for BTU content. The results were as follows:
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
Abstract
A biomass fuel compact is provided by the present disclosure that includes a body having a combustible biomass composition and an adhesive additive. The adhesive additive includes a starch and a hydroxide. Further additives may also be provided, which include a silicate additive, a viscosity additive, a preservative, and a BTU additive, wherein each of the silicate additive, the viscosity additive, the preservative, and the BTU additive are combustible materials. Various geometries and compositions for the biomass fuel compact are also provided by the present disclosure.
Description
COMPOSITE BIOMASS FUEL COMPACT
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application is based upon Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 61/336,989, entitled "Improved Biomass Fuel Pellet," filed January 29, 2010, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety and continued preservation of which is requested. This application is also related to the application "Biomass Fuel Compact Processing Method" filed concurrently herewith, which is commonly assigned with the present application, and the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
FIELD
[0002] The present disclosure relates to renewable energy sources, and in particular, resources that do not depend on fossil fuels and that reduce emissions of "greenhouse gas" carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. More specifically, the present disclosure relates to compositions and structures for combustible biomass, or biofuel materials.
BACKGROUND
[0003] The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not constitute prior art.
[0004] With the recent emphasis on renewable energy sources, efforts have been made in the art to create so-called "biomass" materials, in which a combustible combination of waste, such as wood chips or sawdust, along with certain additives, are combined and processed to create an energy resource that can take the place of, or be combined with, for example, coal. A common biomass is the wood pellet, which is now subject to a standard developed by the Pellet Fuels Institute. More specifically, a "premium" oak species wood pellet provides 8810 BTU/lb, and a "standard" pine species wood pellet provides 9600 BTU/lb. Furthermore, both ash and chlorine content are provided by the standard.
[0005] Known biomass materials contain natural lignins, which are released with heat of the constituent materials in order to bind the materials together into a burnable mass. Natural lignins, for example from various wood sources, are
complex natural polymers resulting from oxidative coupling of, primarily, 4- hydroxyphenylpropanoids. Additionally, other materials such as thermoplastic resins have been used to bind the constituent materials together.
[0006] However, these natural lignins and thermoplastic binders do not create a biomass that is durable for transport or other processing operations. Moreover, these biomass forms suffer from chronic crumbling and dust generation during production and downstream handling. Significant amounts of dust can become an explosive issue, and thus current binders in the art may ultimately cause safety hazards. As a further disadvantage of known binders, product uniformity is an issue, with irregular lengths and ragged cuts, which further add to the dust problem. As other materials without natural lignins are added, such as switchgrass, forest litter, paper waste, cane waste, and the like, product quality is reduced, and the dust issue often becomes more aggravated. Additionally, some of the known binders generate gases during the burning process that are environmentally undesirable, and in fact, some of the binders are not completely combusted during the burning process.
SUMMARY
[0007] In one form of the present disclosure, a biomass fuel compact is provided that comprises a body having a combustible biomass composition and an adhesive additive, wherein the adhesive additive comprises a starch and a hydroxide.
[0008] In another form, a biomass fuel compact is provided that comprises a combustible biomass composition and an adhesive additive. The adhesive additive comprises at least one of a starch and a hydroxide.
[0009] In still another form, a biomass fuel compact is provided that comprises a body having a combustible biomass composition, an adhesive additive comprising a starch and a hydroxide, a silicate additive, and at least one of a viscosity additive and a preservative.
[0010] In variations of these biomass fuel compacts, the hydroxide is selected from the group consisting of alkali metal hydroxides, alkaline earth hydroxides, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, and caustic soda. Further additives may also include a silicate additive, (which may be a liquid or powder form), a viscosity additive, a preservative, (which may include fungicide or biocide), and a BTU additive (which may include any combustible oil
source). Additionally, various geometries and compositions for the biomass fuel compacts are also provided by the teachings of the present disclosure.
[0011] Further areas of applicability will become apparent from the description provided herein. It should be understood that the description and specific examples are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure.
DRAWINGS
[0012] In order that the disclosure may be well understood, there will now be described various forms thereof, given by way of example, reference being made to the accompanying drawings, in which:
[0013] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of various geometric forms of a body of a biomass fuel compact constructed in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure; and
[0014] FIG. 2A is a perspective view of an alternate form of a body for the biomass fuel compact in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure;
[0015] FIG. 2B is a front view of the alternate form of the body for the biomass fuel compact of FIG. 2A accordance with the principles of the present disclosure; and
[0016] FIG. 2C is a side view of the alternate form of the body for the biomass fuel compact of FIG. 2A accordance with the principles of the present disclosure.
[0017] The drawings described herein are for illustration purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure in any way.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0018] The following description is merely exemplary in nature and is not intended to limit the present disclosure, application, or uses.
[0019] According to the principles of the present disclosure, a biomass fuel compact is provided that comprises a body, which may be in any shape or form, such as the exemplary forms shown in FIG. 1 . As indicated, the body 10 may be in the form of a pellet, a briquette, or a puck. It should be understood that these geometric forms are merely exemplary and thus they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present disclosure.
[0020] The body 10 comprises a combustible biomass composition that can essentially be any combustible material, or combination of combustible materials,
and/or their use waste. By way of example, these materials may include saw dust, cardboard and chipboard, grass, switchgrass, energy crops, hay, tree bark, sweetgum seed pods, pinecones, newsprint, wheat straw, duckweed, pine needles, mixed leaves, yard waste, agricultural waste, cotton waste, grape and wine offal, corn stover, crop stovers, peat, tobacco waste, tea waste, coffee waste, food processing waste, food packaging waste, nut meats and shells, chestnut hulls, pecan shells, animal waste, livestock waste, mammal waste, municipal solid waste, paper waste, pallets, and egg cartons.
[0021] Advantageously, the biomass fuel compact is highly durable do to its inventive adhesive additive. Generally, the biomass fuel compact uses a Stein Hall type adhesive made from starch, or any other suitable material to replace the natural lignins as set forth above. In a Stein Hall adhesive, about 5% to 20% of the total starch content is gelatinized into a high viscosity paste called primary starch. The remainder of the starch (about 80% to 90%) stays ungelatinized and is called secondary starch. The starch may be one produced from wheat, oats, rice, corn, wheat middling, wheat waste or even wood and the like, but containing a gelatinized fraction that upon substantial drying will tightly bond the biomass composition.
[0022] Additionally, the adhesive additive includes a hydroxide. The hydroxide may be, for example, alkali metal hydroxides, alkaline earth hydroxides, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, and caustic soda, among others. The synergistic combination of starch and hydroxide provide a highly durable biomass fuel compact, in which any number of constituent combustible materials may be used, without relying on any natural lignins or other undesirable binders.
[0023] In one form, the innovative adhesive is provided to bind the constituent biomass composition and also to form a substantially continuous shell around the exterior portion of the fuel compact. With this shell, the biomass fuel compact according to the present disclosure is highly durable and significantly reduces the traditional dust issues associated with biomass compositions, as set forth above.
[0024] In one exemplary composition of the present disclosure, the biomass fuel compact comprises, by percent weight, about 69 - 98% biomass composition, about 1 - 30% starch, and less than 1 % hydroxide. Another composition is about 90 - 95% biomass and about 5 - 10% of the inventive adhesive additive.
[0025] Further additives are also provided by the present disclosure, which may include, by way of example, a silicate additive, (which may be a liquid or powder form), a viscosity additive, a preservative, and a BTU additive. The silicate additive is included to provide added weather resistance and hydrogen bonding of biomass particles. The silicate may include sodium, potassium, or lithium, or mixtures of these three in one form of the present disclosure. The viscosity additive may be a naturally occurring biomass such as duckweed reduced to a flour particle size, or rice hulls, or coal dust, or any other viscosity altering substance. The preservatives may include, by way of example, fungicides, biocides, or mixtures of these two, in one form of the present disclosure. In another form, the preservative may include sodium tetraborate or borax containing compounds at a concentration of about 1 to about 5%, and more particularly, about 1 to about 2%. Moreover, sodium silicate may be added to improve water repellency and act as a biocide, along with any oil, natural or petroleum based, used motor oil, or oil derivatives as the BTU additive.
[0026] The additives may also include materials that will benefit the combustion or emission profile of the biomass. When calcium hydroxide is used as a source of hydroxide, it may react to form calcium silicate, which scavenges sulfur dioxide and nitrous oxides in air emissions from combustion in flue gas. When lithium hydroxide is used, it may react and form lithium silicate, which forms a zeolite capable of sequestering carbon dioxide from combustion gases. Furthermore, it is contemplated that the addition of a mix of alkali metal or alkaline earth hydroxides may be beneficial to the emission of undesirable gases from combustion of the innovative compacts according to the teachings of the present disclosure.
[0027] Each of the viscosity additive and the BTU additive, in one form of the present disclosure, are combustible materials. The viscosity additive, in one form, is a naturally occurring biomass such as duckweed, rice hulls, and coal dust. Furthermore, by way of example, the BTU additive is an oil or an oil derivative, either natural or petroleum based, and either new, off specification, or waste oil.
[0028] In a further exemplary composition, the biomass fuel compact comprises about 50 - 95% biomass, about 5 - 50% starch, about 0.005 - 0.05% hydroxide, about 0.1 - 5% silicate additive, and about 0.1 - 2% viscosity additive or preservative. In should be noted that the BTU additive may comprise about 1 to about 40% of the final fuel compact composition. Further compositions according to the teachings of the present disclosure are set forth below in Table 1 , with an
exemplary target value for one biomass composition that comprises grass, corn stover, or a mixture thereof, according to the teachings of the present disclosure:
Table 1
[0029] According to the various compositions of the present disclosure, an energy content of about 8,500 BTU/lb is achieved with the claimed biomass fuel compact.
[0030] Referring now to FIGS. 2A - 2C, one innovative form of the body for the biomass fuel compact is illustrated and generally indicated by reference numeral 20. Generally, the body is modeled after a kernel of corn, which is has a hard outer shell, is transportable, has relatively flat sides, and an advantageous aspect ratio in order to be highly durable for handling and downstream operations.
[0031] As shown, the body 20 has an upper portion 22, a lower portion 24, and tapered sidewalls 26, 28, 30, and 32 extending from the upper portion 22 to the lower portion 24, wherein the upper portion 22 is wider than the lower portion 24. In one form, the body 20 comprises rounded edges 34 as shown, in order to provide increased durability. The tapered sidewalls 26 and 28 are generally parallel and opposed as shown, as are the tapered walls 30 and 32. At least one of the tapered sidewalls 26, 28, 30, and 32 defines a flat surface in one form of the present disclosure. Additionally, the body 20 may define an aperture 40 formed therethrough in another form of the present disclosure. This aperture 40, which is shown in this exemplary form as a hole, is provided to increase the surface area to facilitate dry- down of the compact and also to improve the rate of combustion. It should be understood that this geometry, along with the pellet, puck, and briquette as previously set forth, are merely exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present disclosure.
[0032] Accordingly, a composite biomass fuel compact is provided by the present disclosure that is durable, that reduces the amount of dust normally associated with known biomass compositions, that is lower cost, higher efficiency, and reduces and/or improves regulated or unregulated emissions. The innovative
adhesive tends to not only bind the composite biomass, but also to form a substantially continuous shell around the exterior of the compact, providing for a highly durable composite biomass fuel compact.
[0033] Various forms of composite biomass fuel compacts described herein were tested for durability per the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineering ASABE S269.4, Dec1991 (R2007) Sec. 5 Durability test standard. A "GAMET" Pellet durability test was utilized to run the testing experiments for 10 minutes @ 50 rpm at room temperature. A Pellet Durability Index (PDI) was defined by dividing the weight of the compacts before and after testing. After testing, the compacts are screened and the remaining whole compacts are weighted. The starting weight is standardized at 500 grams. The PDI equals the remainder after testing divided by 500 multiplied by 100 to arrive at a percentage. The test results are as follows:
1 . Premium "wood" fuel pellet, manufactured by "Greenway" MFG by Hassell and Hughes, Collinwood, TN 38450 - PDI = 93.88.
2. Switchgrass Puck, manufactured by local providers, without any adhesive - PDI = 68.4.
3. Innovative composite biomass fuel compact according to the teachings of the invention - PDI = 99.99. (Using saw dust)
[0034] BTU content was tested using a bomb calorimetry, Model IKA c2000 basic. The test method was ASTM D5865, standard test method for Gross Calorific value of Coal and Coke. Five variations of the innovative composite biomass fuel compact were tested for BTU content. The results were as follows:
1 . Corn Stover mixed with animal waste - BTU content = 6,942 BTU/lb
2. Mixed biomass (mixture of agricultural fibers) - BTU Content = 7,893 BTU/lb
3. Mixed biomass in Sample 2, with addition of BTU booster (hydraulic fluid) - BTU content = 10,137 BTU/lb.
4. Corn Stover pellet in Sample 1 , with addition of BTU booster - BTU content = 1 1 , 908 BTU/lb.
[0035] It should be noted that the invention is not limited to the various forms described and illustrated as examples. A large variety of modifications have been described and more are part of the knowledge of the person skilled in the art. These and further modifications as well as any replacement by technical equivalents may
be added to the description and figures, without leaving the scope of the protection of the disclosure and of the present patent.
Claims
1 . A biomass fuel compact comprising:
a body comprising:
a combustible biomass composition; and
an adhesive additive comprising:
a starch; and
a hydroxide.
2. The biomass fuel compact according to Claim 1 , wherein the hydroxide is selected from the group consisting of alkali metal hydroxides, alkaline earth hydroxides, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, and caustic soda.
3. The biomass fuel compact according to Claim 1 further comprising at least one of a silicate additive, a viscosity additive, a preservative, and a BTU additive, wherein each of the viscosity additive and the BTU additive are combustible materials.
4. The biomass fuel compact according to Claim 3, wherein the BTU additive is one of an oil and an oil derivative.
5. The biomass fuel compact according to Claim 3, wherein the viscosity additive is a naturally occurring biomass selected from the group consisting of duckweed, rice hulls, and coal dust.
6. The biomass fuel compact according to Claim 1 , wherein the biomass composition is selected from the group consisting of saw dust, cardboard and chipboard, grass, switchgrass, energy crops, hay, tree bark, sweetgum seed pods, pinecones, newsprint, wheat straw, duckweed, pine needles, mixed leaves, yard waste, agricultural waste, cotton waste, grape and wine offal, corn stover, crop stovers, peat, tobacco waste, tea waste, coffee waste, food processing waste, food packaging waste, nut meats and shells, chestnut hulls, pecan shells, animal waste, livestock waste, mammal waste, municipal solid waste, paper waste, pallets, and egg cartons.
7. The biomass fuel compact according to Claim 1 comprising, by percent weight:
69 - 98% biomass composition;
1 - 30% starch; and
less than 1 % hydroxide.
8. The biomass fuel compact according to Claim 1 , wherein the body has an upper portion, a lower portion, and tapered walls extending from the upper portion to the lower portion, wherein the upper portion is wider than the lower portion.
9. The biomass fuel compact according to Claim 8, wherein the body further comprises rounded edges.
10. The biomass fuel compact according to Claim 1 , wherein the body comprises parallel opposed sidewalls and parallel opposed end walls, and at least one of the sidewalls defines a flat surface.
1 1 . The biomass fuel compact according to Claim 1 , wherein the body defines an aperture formed therethrough.
12. The biomass fuel compact according to Claim 1 , wherein the body is selected from the group consisting of a pellet, a briquette, and a puck.
13. A biomass fuel compact comprising:
a combustible biomass composition; and
an adhesive additive comprising at least one of a starch and a hydroxide.
14. The biomass fuel compact according to Claim 13, wherein the hydroxide is selected from the group consisting of alkali metal hydroxides, alkaline earth hydroxides, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, and caustic soda.
15. The biomass fuel compact according to Claim 13 further comprising at least one of a silicate additive, a viscosity additive, a preservative, and a BTU additive, wherein each of the viscosity additive and the BTU additive are combustible materials.
16. The biomass fuel compact according to Claim 15, wherein the BTU one of an oil and an oil derivative.
17. The biomass fuel compact according to Claim 13, wherein the biomass fuel compact comprises, by percent weight:
90 - 95% biomass; and
5 - 10% adhesive additive.
18. A biomass fuel compact comprising:
a body comprising:
a combustible biomass composition;
an adhesive additive comprising:
a starch; and
a hydroxide;
a silicate additive; and
at least one of a viscosity additive and a preservative.
19. The biomass fuel compact according to Claim 18, wherein the biomass fuel compact comprises, by percent weight:
50 - 95% biomass;
5 - 50% starch;
0.005 - 0.05% hydroxide;
0.1 - 5% silicate additive; and
0.1 - 2% viscosity additive or preservative.
20. The biomass fuel compact according to Claim 18 further comprising a BTU additive.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US33698910P | 2010-01-29 | 2010-01-29 | |
US61/336,989 | 2010-01-29 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2011094720A1 true WO2011094720A1 (en) | 2011-08-04 |
Family
ID=43662019
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2011/023245 WO2011094720A1 (en) | 2010-01-29 | 2011-01-31 | Composite biomass fuel compact |
PCT/US2011/023246 WO2011094721A1 (en) | 2010-01-29 | 2011-01-31 | Biomass fuel compact processing method |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2011/023246 WO2011094721A1 (en) | 2010-01-29 | 2011-01-31 | Biomass fuel compact processing method |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US20110119996A1 (en) |
WO (2) | WO2011094720A1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2012068640A1 (en) * | 2010-11-25 | 2012-05-31 | Creedmore Pty Ltd | Fuel for co-combustion with coal in coal fired power plant having low co2 emissions |
WO2014027054A3 (en) * | 2012-08-14 | 2014-06-26 | Didier Bernard | Biomass-based fuel, production thereof and suitable supply system |
CN104449926A (en) * | 2014-12-26 | 2015-03-25 | 重庆大学 | Tobacco straw coal-biomass briquette and preparation method thereof |
Families Citing this family (20)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20130212935A1 (en) * | 2011-01-31 | 2013-08-22 | Enginuity Worldwide, LLC | Composite carbonaceous fuel compact |
US20130217785A1 (en) * | 2011-01-31 | 2013-08-22 | Enginuity Worldwide, LLC | Composite animal feed compact |
ES2482915B1 (en) * | 2011-06-23 | 2015-07-03 | Foster Wheeler Usa Corporation | Process for the production of biofuels by coprocessing biomass in a thermal processing unit in a refinery. |
PL229082B1 (en) | 2012-03-06 | 2018-06-29 | Ecofuel Spolka Z Ograniczona Odpowiedzialnoscia | Pressure-molded agglomerated solid fuel, a method for producing a molded agglomerated solid fuel and the use thereof |
WO2013163127A1 (en) * | 2012-04-23 | 2013-10-31 | Enginuity Worldwide, LLC | Moisture resistant biomass fuel compact and method of manufacturing |
US20130276363A1 (en) * | 2012-04-23 | 2013-10-24 | Enginuity Worldwide, Inc. | Moisture Resistant Biomass Fuel Compact and Method of Manufacturing |
CN102851093A (en) * | 2012-06-29 | 2013-01-02 | 东北林业大学 | Method for preparing biological powder fuel by using peony pods and seed coats |
WO2014152931A1 (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2014-09-25 | Enginuity Worldwide, LLC | Moisture resistant biomass fuel compact and method of manufacturing |
WO2015109293A1 (en) * | 2014-01-17 | 2015-07-23 | Enginuity Worldwide, LLC | Biomass fire-log and method of manufacture |
CN104087360B (en) * | 2014-06-27 | 2016-01-06 | 南京融点食品科技有限公司 | A kind of tea resources energy-conserving and environment-protective method of comprehensive utilization |
CN104307419B (en) * | 2014-10-19 | 2017-01-11 | 刘盛林 | Biomass hopper briquetting machine |
US10202557B2 (en) | 2014-12-19 | 2019-02-12 | The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary Of Agriculture | Methods of producing calcined coke from bio-oil and calcined coke produced thereby |
US11060033B2 (en) | 2017-06-23 | 2021-07-13 | The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary Of Agriculture | Compositions and methods for producing calcined coke from biorenewable sources |
CN108034471A (en) * | 2017-12-07 | 2018-05-15 | 广德盛源电器有限公司 | A kind of pecan shell biological particles |
CN109097140A (en) * | 2018-09-21 | 2018-12-28 | 河南博顿生物科技有限公司 | A kind of biomass fuel of resistive connection slag |
CN109628192B (en) * | 2018-11-23 | 2021-06-04 | 龙正环保股份有限公司 | Biomass compact forming fuel and preparation method thereof |
KR102198219B1 (en) * | 2019-05-17 | 2021-01-04 | 김용학 | Fuel pellet containing cotton waste and a preparing method thereof |
WO2020235906A1 (en) * | 2019-05-17 | 2020-11-26 | Kim Yong Hak | Pellets for solid fuel including cotton waste and preparation method therefor |
DE202020103683U1 (en) | 2020-06-25 | 2021-06-28 | Emsland-Stärke Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung | Shaped body essentially made of biomaterial |
KR102448474B1 (en) * | 2022-03-29 | 2022-09-28 | 강성림 | Manufacturing method of pellet fuel composition using horse-manure and sawdust |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS60166396A (en) * | 1984-02-07 | 1985-08-29 | Shine Kk | Production of fuel from papermaking sludge as raw material |
KR900003790B1 (en) * | 1987-09-10 | 1990-05-31 | 박병구 | A process for the manufacture of a solid fuel |
EP1063278A2 (en) * | 1999-06-24 | 2000-12-27 | Swedish Match UK Limited | Synthetic fire logs |
WO2006037304A1 (en) * | 2004-10-04 | 2006-04-13 | Gesellschaft Für Innovative Beteiligungen Mbh (Gfib) | Carbon wet-pelletising method for obtaining pallets |
HUP0600380A2 (en) * | 2006-05-08 | 2008-08-28 | Bioener Kft | Method and adhesive for pellets and bricetts |
WO2009139621A1 (en) * | 2008-05-14 | 2009-11-19 | Meneba B.V. | Wood fuels having improved fuel ash properties, and their preparation |
Family Cites Families (32)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US93775A (en) * | 1869-08-17 | Improved kindling-wood | ||
US1311980A (en) * | 1919-08-05 | Process of making cellulose | ||
US1762481A (en) * | 1924-01-12 | 1930-06-10 | Ramar Syndicate Inc | Cementitious product and process of obtaining same |
US1941350A (en) * | 1932-05-27 | 1933-12-26 | Hazel Stewart | Treatment of vegetable fibers to separate and recover the fibrous and nonfibrous constituents |
US2102937A (en) * | 1935-07-26 | 1937-12-21 | Stein Hall Mfg Co | Plyboard adhesive |
US2128241A (en) * | 1936-01-04 | 1938-08-30 | Carlisle Lumber Company | Briquette press |
US2051025A (en) * | 1936-06-17 | 1936-08-18 | Stein Hall Mfg Co | Method of making ply board |
US2212557A (en) * | 1936-08-17 | 1940-08-27 | Stein Hall Mfg Co | Composition adapted for use as an adhesive |
US2325840A (en) * | 1941-04-04 | 1943-08-03 | John A Erickson | Method of waterproofing fuel briquettes |
US2341377A (en) * | 1942-10-31 | 1944-02-08 | Harvey M Hinderer | Barbecue fuel |
US4236897A (en) * | 1978-09-18 | 1980-12-02 | Johnston Ian F | Fuel pellets |
US4326854A (en) * | 1979-03-09 | 1982-04-27 | Tanner John D | Synthetic firelog |
US4260573A (en) * | 1980-02-07 | 1981-04-07 | Kenneth Overman | Method for pelletizing wood particulate matter |
US4612017A (en) * | 1981-02-18 | 1986-09-16 | Georgia-Pacific Corporation | Pelletizing wood |
US4529407A (en) * | 1981-06-25 | 1985-07-16 | Pickering Fuel Resources, Inc. | Fuel pellets |
US4828573A (en) * | 1987-04-13 | 1989-05-09 | Technology Research & Development, Inc. | Method of manufacturing a pelletized fuel |
US5562743A (en) * | 1989-06-19 | 1996-10-08 | University Of North Texas | Binder enhanced refuse derived fuel |
US5000788A (en) * | 1990-04-12 | 1991-03-19 | Sprout-Bauer, Inc. | Method for preparing starch based corrugating adhesives using waste wash water |
US5125931A (en) * | 1990-09-24 | 1992-06-30 | Dynecology Incorporated | Sewage sludge disposal process and apparatus |
US5429645A (en) * | 1990-12-06 | 1995-07-04 | Benson; Peter H. | Solid fuel and process for combustion of the solid fuel |
SE469596B (en) * | 1991-05-03 | 1993-08-02 | Innovation Investment Consulta | THE WOODEN PELLET OF WOOD AND THE KITS AND EQUIPMENT FOR THEIR PREPARATION |
US5431702A (en) * | 1993-03-25 | 1995-07-11 | Dynecology, Inc. | Waste conversion process and products |
US5643342A (en) * | 1995-08-02 | 1997-07-01 | Pelletech Fuels, Inc. | Fuel pellet and method of making the fuel pellet |
US6506223B2 (en) * | 1997-12-05 | 2003-01-14 | Waste Technology Transfer, Inc. | Pelletizing and briquetting of combustible organic-waste materials using binders produced by liquefaction of biomass |
CA2222190A1 (en) * | 1998-02-02 | 1999-08-02 | Billy J. Major | New synergistic binder composition |
US6136054A (en) * | 1998-07-27 | 2000-10-24 | Duraflame, Inc. | Synthetic fireplace log comprising waxed cardboard and method of producing |
US6165238A (en) * | 1999-06-14 | 2000-12-26 | Cq Inc. | Fuel pellet and method for its production |
NL1013007C2 (en) * | 1999-09-09 | 2001-03-12 | Dsm Nv | Method for manufacturing fuel granules. |
DE10243066A1 (en) * | 2002-07-15 | 2004-04-15 | Panel Tuning Gmbh | Process for the production of solid biomass fuel |
DE10322228A1 (en) * | 2003-05-18 | 2004-12-09 | Dieffenbacher Gmbh + Co. Kg | Process for the production of compacts |
US7331309B2 (en) * | 2005-02-01 | 2008-02-19 | Nature's Earth Products, Inc. | Clumping animal litter composition and method of producing the same |
DE102007044584A1 (en) * | 2007-09-19 | 2009-04-16 | Fachhochschule Hannover | Production of fuel pellets, involves extruding undried starting material containing a binder, e.g. thermoplastic biopolymer, and a combustible material, e.g. wood chips, and removing liquid before discharge |
-
2011
- 2011-01-31 WO PCT/US2011/023245 patent/WO2011094720A1/en active Application Filing
- 2011-01-31 US US13/018,211 patent/US20110119996A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2011-01-31 US US13/018,155 patent/US20110119997A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2011-01-31 WO PCT/US2011/023246 patent/WO2011094721A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS60166396A (en) * | 1984-02-07 | 1985-08-29 | Shine Kk | Production of fuel from papermaking sludge as raw material |
KR900003790B1 (en) * | 1987-09-10 | 1990-05-31 | 박병구 | A process for the manufacture of a solid fuel |
EP1063278A2 (en) * | 1999-06-24 | 2000-12-27 | Swedish Match UK Limited | Synthetic fire logs |
WO2006037304A1 (en) * | 2004-10-04 | 2006-04-13 | Gesellschaft Für Innovative Beteiligungen Mbh (Gfib) | Carbon wet-pelletising method for obtaining pallets |
HUP0600380A2 (en) * | 2006-05-08 | 2008-08-28 | Bioener Kft | Method and adhesive for pellets and bricetts |
WO2009139621A1 (en) * | 2008-05-14 | 2009-11-19 | Meneba B.V. | Wood fuels having improved fuel ash properties, and their preparation |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
DATABASE WPI Week 199123, Derwent World Patents Index; AN 1991-169362, XP002628454 * |
DATABASE WPI Week 200876, Derwent World Patents Index; AN 2008-M89837, XP002628453 * |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2012068640A1 (en) * | 2010-11-25 | 2012-05-31 | Creedmore Pty Ltd | Fuel for co-combustion with coal in coal fired power plant having low co2 emissions |
CN103732727A (en) * | 2010-11-25 | 2014-04-16 | 克雷默私人有限公司 | Fuel for co-combustion with coal in coal fired power plant having low CO2 emissions |
WO2014027054A3 (en) * | 2012-08-14 | 2014-06-26 | Didier Bernard | Biomass-based fuel, production thereof and suitable supply system |
CN104449926A (en) * | 2014-12-26 | 2015-03-25 | 重庆大学 | Tobacco straw coal-biomass briquette and preparation method thereof |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20110119996A1 (en) | 2011-05-26 |
WO2011094721A1 (en) | 2011-08-04 |
US20110119997A1 (en) | 2011-05-26 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US20110119996A1 (en) | Composite biomass fuel compact | |
US20130212935A1 (en) | Composite carbonaceous fuel compact | |
Ungureanu et al. | Influence of biomass moisture content on pellet properties–review | |
Emerhi | Physical and combustion properties of briquettes produced from sawdust of three hardwood species and different organic binders | |
Döring | Power from pellets: technology and applications | |
Sen et al. | Influence of binders on physical properties of fuel briquettes produced from cassava rhizome waste | |
Onuegbu et al. | Enhancing the properties of coal briquette using spear grass (Imperata Cylindrica) | |
Onuegbu et al. | Comparative analyses of densities and calorific values of wood and briquettes samples prepared at moderate pressure and ambient temperature | |
CN103732727A (en) | Fuel for co-combustion with coal in coal fired power plant having low CO2 emissions | |
US20130276363A1 (en) | Moisture Resistant Biomass Fuel Compact and Method of Manufacturing | |
US20120204482A1 (en) | Moisture resistant biomass fuel compact and method of manufacturing | |
Chaiyaomporn et al. | Fuel pellets production from biodiesel waste | |
Amirta et al. | Trial production of fuel pellet from Acacia mangium bark waste biomass | |
US9453175B2 (en) | Biomass fire-log and method of manufacture | |
WO2014152931A1 (en) | Moisture resistant biomass fuel compact and method of manufacturing | |
Voicea et al. | Biomass and the thermo-physical-chemical properties of this related to the compaction process | |
CN103221517A (en) | Solid fuel | |
RU2650676C2 (en) | Long burning log | |
WO2013163127A1 (en) | Moisture resistant biomass fuel compact and method of manufacturing | |
Nwaokocha et al. | Investigation of bio-waste as alternative fuel for cooking | |
Kamperidou et al. | Assessment of the thermal characteristics of pellets made of agricultural crop residues mixed with wood | |
Sasongko et al. | Review of types of biomass as a fuel-combustion feedstock and their characteristics | |
Faisal et al. | Production of briquettes from a blend of hdpe (high density polyethylene) plastic wastes and teak (Tectona grandis Linn. f) sawdust using different natural adhesives as the binder | |
Varnero et al. | Power form agripellets | |
CN107955662A (en) | A kind of environmentally friendly biomass hybrid fuel |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 11703781 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
122 | Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase |
Ref document number: 11703781 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |