WO2011089273A1

WO2011089273A1 - Energy-collecting building-covering structure

Info

Publication number: WO2011089273A1
Application number: PCT/ES2010/000018
Authority: WO
Inventors: Manuel Lahuerta Romeo
Original assignee: Tempero 2000 S.L.
Priority date: 2010-01-22
Filing date: 2010-01-22
Publication date: 2011-07-28
Also published as: ES2392912B1; ES2392912A1

Abstract

Energy-collecting building-covering structure, formed by juxtaposed square-based pyramids, whose edges converge in nodes (5), that is intended to be placed on the roof of one, two or more buildings incorporating, built into the volume of said structure (1), two types of energy collectors, solar collectors (6) and wind collectors (7), able to supply the energy requirements of said building or buildings (2), as well as, also, to accumulate the leftover energy and to use it at times of greater demand, or to sell it to the network, having for them the connection of said collectors (6, 7) to the elements conventionally required for this as well as a computerised control system; in which, when the structure (1) covers one, two or more buildings (2), it strengthens them structurally constituting a reinforcement that increases the stability of the unit and gives it anti-seismic properties.

Description

STRUCTURE COVERED ICIO OF ENERGY CAPTURE

D E S C R I P C I O N

OBJECT OF THE INVENTION

The invention, as expressed in the statement of the present specification, refers to an energy-saving building cover structure that contributes to the function to which several advantages and innovative features are intended, which will be described in detail below, which represent a Remarkable improvement of the current state of the art in his field.

More particularly, the object of the invention is focused on a structure whose purpose is to integrate both solar and wind energy collectors on one, two or more buildings while also fulfilling, when one or more buildings encompasses a reinforcing function to act as armor of the buildings to which it encompasses, providing them with anti-seismic properties, with the advantage that, on the one hand, solar collectors will be easily accessible to carry out supervision and maintenance operations and, on the other hand, than with wind collectors, using The hollow spaces and the strong points of the structure (knots) on which they pivot take advantage of the tunnel effect between the sunroof and the roof of the buildings.

In this way, thanks to the studied structural characteristics of the spatial design of the proposed structure, it allows to cover large lights and overhangs with low weight and high rigidity, allowing to have larger areas and open spaces that

REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) they allow to easily integrate an important number of energy collectors, advantageously improving the conditions of energy self-sufficiency of the buildings and, therefore, of the cities.

FIELD OF APPLICATION OF THE INVENTION

The scope of the present invention is part of the technical construction sector, particularly in the field of construction of buildings, urbanizations and cities so that they are energetically sustainable, both from the energy point of view and from the merely constructive one, covering both objectives from prefabricated elements and subsequently assembled "in situ".

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The idea that human activity has a controlled impact on the environment and the community, guaranteeing its sustainability over time, implies the need to conceive groups of people, whether in buildings, towns or cities, with other criteria. These groups end up becoming large consumers of energy, as is the case with cities.

The consumption of electricity in the home represents, in average terms, 35% of the total demand, increasing this percentage in countries closer to the Poles and as their quality of life increases. Of this 35%, demand peaks occur in the early hours of the afternoon and evening coinciding with the hours of lunch and dinner being the highest peak two hours after sunset.

Sustainability, from the point of view of architecture, tries to achieve, through passive systems and non-aggressive assets with the environment, that the individual interacting with the building, obtain adequate levels of comfort and habitability. To achieve this not only technically but economically, governments encourage the collection of solar energy on facades and roofs, giving priority to the price of kh exported to the grid, in the specific case of sensors integrated in the building.

Generating "in situ", just where it is consumed, means increasing the security of energy supply, reducing transport losses and improving respect for the environment by eliminating large transport networks.

However, to ensure the supply of electricity to buildings and cities, it takes more than a law that encourages the kWh collected and exported to the grid.

On the one hand, the areas that can be used in buildings for solar collection are reduced to that of roofs or terraces, since on the walls, only the solar noon orientation would be usable, and the solar collectors do not perform well placed vertically, with which the only really usable space are the decks. However, the buildings, especially in the city, have a lot of height in relation to the occupied area, so that the usable area (terrace or deck) is not enough so that the energy to be captured represents a significant part of the demand of the building itself, so that the policy of prioritizing the kWh captured and exported to the network does not solve, at the city level, the problem since the usable areas are small (terraces) and the energy captured does not coincide in time with the maximum demand (late afternoon-night hours) so it will be necessary to find technical and architectural solutions that allow to expand the catchment areas in order to capture more energy, store it during the hours of more availability to have it when needed, that is, during the peak that is generated in the evening.

On the other hand, the use of wind energy on buildings is, until now, a pending subject. The integration of both types of energy (solar + wind) in the same structure that also forms part of the building's own resistant structure, increases its stability and the security of energy supply to the building.

Thus, the objective of the present invention is to provide the state of the art with an innovative structure covering buildings in which the above criteria are integrated, it should be noted that the existence of any other invention or solution developed by the applicant is unknown. based on these premises, nor based on these principles that present technical, structural and constitutive characteristics similar to those presented by the structure that is recommended here.

EXPLANATION OF THE INVENTION Thus, expanding the catchment areas is to talk about expanding the available areas on terraces or roofs without logically damaging the stability of the building. On the contrary, the most interesting thing is to take advantage of the new roof to increase the stability of the buildings it covers.

To increase the area, it will be necessary to cover common areas between buildings or outside the buildings by cantilevers. To increase stability, instead of supporting the entire structure on a building, we must do it on two or more buildings provided that the structure is continuous, rigid and of low weight that also exerts low wind resistance and is capable of overcoming large overhangs and lights Between supports. These characteristics correspond to those of a spatial structure design. The recommended structure based on the union of bars by means of knots forming pyramids of square base, juxtaposed, and sides formed by equilateral or isosceles triangles, meets the characteristics listed above.

In turn, its design determines that the distance between the supports of said structure (columns) coincides with integer multiples of the equidistance between nodes of the structure. Therefore the design of the resistant structure of the buildings is conditioned by the spatial structure whose distance between columns will be integer multiples of the equidistance between nodes. At the same time, the union between nodes and columns will be adequately sized, so that it is a "structural whole" that assembles the entire structure of the building from the top and when it is a structure that encompasses one, two or more buildings, will improve stability. of the set thus providing seismic constructions. Since the recommended structure is formed by a set of tubes joined by their ends forming pyramids whose vertices are outdated and juxtaposed, you can take advantage of the design of its upper base (squares) to inscribe solar panels that will constitute a sunroof. As the panels require periodic cleaning it will be convenient to look for a fixing system that allows accessibility.

The most appropriate will be to fix the panel frame or panels hingedly on the sides that form the top base of each pyramid, so that as a window sheet it can be folded down and facilitate cleaning. As the operator will have to walk supported on the sides of the lower frames, with harness, which allows him to move and make sure, it will be preferable that the bars that form the sides of the lower base of the spatial structure are of square structural tube, in order to offer a flat surface to support the feet.

For its part, the height of the structure, that is, the distance between its upper and lower bases, will be such that a man can travel between these bases and access the handle or bolts that open the panels' frames. The latter may be supported on legs that, in turn, are fixed on the lower base knots. All the nodes of the structure will be drilled in its vertical axis to serve as supports for legs or turbines.

In this way we will achieve the objectives outlined above, that is: increased areas available for greater solar collection, increased stability of the buildings covered and armed by The structure, low wind resistance, easy integration of photovoltaic collectors and good accessibility to them.

Another characteristic of the structure proposed by the invention that is interesting to highlight is the large volume occupied by its gaps or empty spaces. These spaces will be used to place wind turbines that, working confined between the sunroof and the roof of the building, capture wind energy without disturbing the capture of solar origin, resulting in a hybrid energy system integrated into the same structure.

This provision will be adequate, for example, in places between the tropics where there are usually many hours of sun and its zenith close to the vertical of the place, thus prioritizing solar collection over wind. In other locations, for example, outside the tropics or in which it is of interest to prioritize wind uptake over the solar, the wind turbines distributed as more interest may share the roof with solar collectors, in this case their rotor diameters and therefore Its power could be greater.

The wind turbine model that preferably incorporates the proposed structure is based on a self-tuning boomerang-like structure, which pivots recessed from a knot of the upper base of the structure, aided by a rudder. Said design allows to place the axis of the rotor rotation plane on the same pivot axis. This solution eliminates gyroscopic effects and takes full advantage of the hollow space occupied by the turbine rotor. It is, therefore, a structure that integrates within its volume two types of energy, solar on its roof and wind inside. This hybridization will help decrease the volume of the storage system (batteries or supercapacitors), etc.) by increasing the security of supply.

Likewise, the existence of a control and communications system that is responsible for managing the destination of the collected energy is contemplated, managing the whole according to the energy available at each moment, the demand and the state of charge of the batteries , that is, to decide whether the energy generated at any time is destined for consumption of the building itself or buildings, or to complete the storage and / or sale to the network.

For the sizing of energy storage, preferably from a specific computer program, such as the so-called "HO ER" prepared by the company NREL, with the appropriate modifications to the application, in which it is prioritized to seek the maximum amount whose flows economic could be used to finance the investment.

Therefore, it is verified that the oversized solar roof with respect to the buildings' own demand together with wind integration and energy accumulation allows to achieve the objective of obtaining energy-sustainable cities by taking advantage of the common areas between buildings such as squares, parks or recreational areas, covered by structures such as the one proposed here, energy generating surfaces that represent an innovative concept of energy and architectural integration that, thanks to the accumulator system and the program computerized will allow an energy availability that represents a new concept in the way of integrating and taking advantage of renewable sources.

The described structure covering energy collection structures, therefore, represents an innovation of structural and constitutive characteristics unknown until now for the purpose to which it is intended, reasons that together with its practical utility, provide it with sufficient grounds to obtain the privilege of exclusivity that is request.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

To complement the description that is being made and in order to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, this descriptive report is attached, as an integral part thereof, of a set of drawings, in which with character Illustrative and not limiting, the following has been represented:

Figure number 1.- It shows a profile view of the structure covering energy collection buildings object of the invention, in an example of it covering two nearby buildings that share common areas, such as an access staircase, belonging for example to The same community, appreciating in it the main parts and elements that it includes, as well as their configuration and layout.

Figure number 2.- Shows a profile view of another example of the structure according to the invention, which in this case encompasses two buildings of Same characteristics as those of the previous figure but separated by a busy route.

Figure number 3.- Shows a perspective view of a detail of the sunroof that incorporates the structure of the invention, showing the performance of an operator to clean the solar collectors.

Figure number 4. - It shows, in a side elevation view of the structure, the detail of one of the wind turbines that incorporates pivoting in one of the upper nodes, showing in it the boomerang-shaped layered tube that forms the gondola.

PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

In view of the aforementioned figures, and in accordance with the numbering adopted, an example of a preferred embodiment of the invention can be observed therein, which comprises the parts and elements indicated and described in detail below.

Thus, as can be seen in these figures, the energetic collection structure covered by the invention consists of a tubular structure (1), based on a spatial design formed by juxtaposed square-based pyramids, whose edges converge in knots (5) of union of the different tubes that conform it, which is eminently designed and intended to be incorporated on the roof of one, two or more adjacent or nearby buildings (2), and within whose volume two types of energy collectors, collectors are integrated solar (6) and wind collectors (7), without discarding the possibility of have only one type of them, that is, only solar collectors or only wind collectors, said collectors being trained not only to supply the energy demand of said building or buildings (2), but also to accumulate the excess energy and to have it at the time of greatest demand, or to sell it to the network, counting for them with the connection of said sensors (6.7) to the elements conventionally necessary for this as well as to a computerized control system.

It is also important to note that, when the structure covers one or more of a building (2), it constitutes a structural reinforcement that provides the whole with greater stability and anti-seismic properties.

The solar collectors (6) are integrated into the square frames that form the upper base of the structure (1), being hinged to its sides by hinges (8) and bolts, so that they form a practicable sunroof, having been provided on the knots of the lower base an articulated leg that supports the solar collectors.

On the other hand, the nodes (5) of the structure (1) serve as support and pivotal support of the gondolas (9) of the wind collectors (7), which, having the shape of a bent tube as a boomerang, integrate into its lower end is the generator (10) and the turbine rotor (11) which rotates describing a plane whose center of rotation is in the orientation axis on which it pivots, assisted by a rudder (12), thus eliminating the gyroscopic moments.

It should also be noted that said turbine (11) it will preferably be a microturbine and that the wind collectors (7) are preferably arranged, alternatively, occupying the hollow spaces of the spatial structure (1) being located between the roof of the building (2) and the upper base of the structure (1).

Also, when interested, the wind collectors (7) may be located outside the structure (1) mounted on the nodes (5) of the upper base, properly distributed on its upper base, alternating its spaces with the sunroof, or on the overhangs, to prioritize wind uptake over solar.

On the other hand, it should be noted that the inclined tubes or crossbars (13) that join the upper and lower bases of the structure (1) are dimensioned in number, in addition to supporting the structural loads to be supported, so that the wind causes the smallest possible wake when passing between them, in order to improve the aerodynamic behavior in the turbines (7).

Likewise, it should be noted that said crossbars (13) and, especially the shaping tubes of the lower base of the structure, will preferably be of quadrangular section to facilitate the movement on them of the personnel when accessing the solar (6) and wind collectors (6) 7) in the repair and / or maintenance work.

Finally, it is important to note that, preferably, the separation between the nodes (5) that are part of the lower base of the structure (1) determines the existing separation or that is given to the columns (4) that form the structure of the building (2), on which the structure is fixed, covered and assembled, such that said separation must be integer multiples of the separation between nodes (5) of the structure (1) ), resulting in a "structural whole."

In accordance with Figure 1, it can be seen how the recommended structure (1), in a specific example of embodiment of the invention, is installed so that it covers and encompasses two contiguous buildings (2) four stories high, whose intermediate area is used to locate the common stairs (3) that give access to each floor. The columns (4) of both buildings (2) are equidistant, keeping three distances between nodes (5) of the structure (1).

The photovoltaic collectors (6) that are hidden by the bars of the spatial structure are located in the upper base of the structure (1). From the upper nodes (5) and alternatively, the wind turbines (7) occupy the hollow spaces between bars of the structure, at the rate of four rows of four turbines on each building (2) that will total 32 turbines throughout the structure .

In this specific example, the separation between columns (4) of the building (2) will be 7m, each of the buildings having four floors of 196 m ² , which will house two houses of 98 m ² , per floor. The set will have 8 + 8 = 16 homes of 98 m ² . The structure (1) will fly on each side of the building 4.66 m, equivalent to two inverted tetrahedra, having a total area of 44.32 x 23.32 = 1033.5 m ² , where solar collectors will be installed (6) , whose panels will occupy 80% of the total, which is at a rate of 130 Watts / m ² , an installed solar power 1033.5 x 0.8 x 130 = 107,484 years. If the building is located in an area of the planet between the tropics we consider a potential of 1300 equivalent hours, the annual energy captured by the sunroof would be:

1300 x 107.484 = 139.729 k h.

The diameter of the rotor (11) capable of rotating within the volume occupied by the gaps of this structure (1) will be 2.2 m. This rotor working at λ = 4.5, will rotate at 508 rpm, when the incident wind is 13 m / s, driving a permanent magnet generator (10) that would give an instantaneous power of:

W = 0.21 x D ² xV ³ = 2,233 Watts = 2.2 kW

Where D = rotor diameter in m

V = wind speed in m / s

Considering a site of regular wind potential with 1200 equivalent hours, the 32 wind turbines (7) will produce an annual energy of:

32x2,2x1200 = 84,480 kWh./year

Summarizing the energy structure that encompasses two buildings as the example has:

Total area 1,033.5 m ²

Installed Solar Power 107 kW.

Installed Wind Power 70 kW. Total Installed Power 177 kW. Solar energy captured .. 139,729 kWh./year

Wind energy captured 84,480 kWh./year

Captured energy (solar + wind) 224.209 kWh./year

Energy / area ratio 217 kWh / m ² per year

Once the annual energy available is justified, we will compare it with the demand of the building in order to evaluate the energy balance.

In any case, they will be housing executed under the Technical Building Code, applying the best criteria in terms of quality and energy efficiency. All the insulations on floor, deck, walls and windows will be of maximum efficiency as well as consumers (refrigerators, washing machines, lighting, television, microwaves, irons, etc). The kitchen, oven and boiler for heating and domestic hot water will work with gas.

Thus the building will have:

Consumers Hours / day kWh kWh / year

/day

Combi refrigerator class A 155W 24 0, 95 346

Washing machine class A of 2.300W 1 0.9 327

6 light bulbs of 15W 3 0.27 98.55

Led TV 100 W 4 0.4 146

Microwave 800 W 0.3 0, 24 87.4

Iron 2000 W 1 2 730

Total consumption per house 4.76 1,734, 95 As these are 16 homes, the total annual consumption of the homes will be 1736 x6 = 62,496 kWh. /year . For the lighting of the areas outside the buildings, there will be six 60 Watt luminaires that will work an average of 12 h / day totaling:

6x60x12x365 / 1000 = 1,577 kWh./year

Total consumption = housing consumption + consumption in common areas = 62,496 + 1,577 = 64,073 KWh./year Therefore, if the available energy amounts to

179,637 kWh./year and the energy consumed amounts to 64,073 kWh./year, the energy to be exported will be 115,294 kWh. / year This represents a very positive energy balance being able to export the remaining energy.

In the case of selling it to the network at a price of € 0.3 / kWh during afternoon peak hours, they would generate annual revenues of: 115,294 x 0.3 = € 34,588.2 that would be used to finance investments.

If the example used had corresponded with the element represented in figure 2 to the result expressed above, it would have to be increased by 68% more, since, as observed in said figure 2, the example represented in it consists of a structure (1) covering two buildings (2) of the same characteristics as in the example of figure 1, but in this case faced and separated by a busy road, and in which the dimensions of the The structure with respect to the number of dwellings in the buildings is much higher (28 openings instead of 19), which represents 68% more, on the previous example, of energy surface. Outside the volume of the structure, 7 rows of wind turbines have been placed above its upper base. This alternative will be the most appropriate when looking for sustainable cities.

Describing sufficiently the nature of the present invention, as well as the way of putting it into practice, it is not considered necessary to extend its explanation so that any expert in the field understands its scope and the advantages that derive from it, stating that, within its essentiality, it may be implemented in other embodiments that differ in detail from that indicated by way of example, and to which it will also achieve the protection that is sought provided that it is not altered, changed or modified its fundamental principle .

Claims

1. - ENERGY CAPTURE COVERED STRUCTURE, of the type formed by juxtaposed square-based pyramids, whose edges converge in junction nodes (5) of the different tubes that make it up, and intended to be incorporated on the roof of buildings (2), characterized by covering one, two or more adjacent or nearby buildings incorporating, integrated within the volume of said structure (1), solar energy collectors (6) and / or wind collectors (7), capable of supplying the energy demand of said building or buildings (2), as well as, to accumulate the remaining energy and dispose of it at the time of greatest demand, or to sell it to the network, counting for them with the connection of said collectors (6.7) to the elements conventionally necessary for this as well as to a computerized control system; in which, when the structure (1) encompasses one, two or more buildings (2), they are structurally constituted by a reinforcement that increases the stability of the assembly and gives it anti-seismic properties.

2. - ENERGY RECOVERY COVERED STRUCTURE, according to claim 1, characterized in that the solar collectors (6) are integrated in the square frames that form the upper base of the structure (1), being tied to its sides articulately by hinges (8) and bolts, so that they form a practicable sunroof.

3. - ENERGY RECOVERY COVERED STRUCTURE, according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the wind collectors (7) are incorporated into the structure in the nodes (5) thereof, which serve as support and pivotal support of the gondolas (9) thereof; and because said gondolas integrate at its lower end the generator (10) and the turbine rotor (11) which rotates describing a plane whose center of rotation is in the orientation axis on which it pivots assisted by a rudder (12), eliminating So the gyroscopic moments.

4. - ENERGY RECOVERY COVERED STRUCTURE, according to claim 3, characterized by the fact that the gondolas (9) of the wind collectors (7) are in the form of a bent tube as a boomerang.

5. - ENERGY CAPTURE COVERED STRUCTURE, according to claim 3, characterized in that the turbine (11) is a microturbine.

6. - ENERGY RECOVERY COVERED STRUCTURE, according to some of the preceding claims, characterized in that the wind collectors (7) are arranged, alternatively occupying the hollow spaces of the spatial structure (1) being located between the roof of the building ( 2) and the upper base of the structure (1).

7. - ENERGY RECOVERY COVERED STRUCTURE, according to some of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that, when it is of interest to prioritize wind uptake over the solar, wind collectors (7) are located outside the structure (1) being mounted on the nodes (5) of the upper base, properly distributed on its upper base, alternating its spaces with the sunroof, or on the overhangs.

8. - STRUCTURE COVERED BUILDINGS ENERGY, according to claim 1, characterized in that the inclined tubes or crossbars (13) that join the upper and lower bases of the structure (1) are sized to support the structural loads and to that the wind causes the smallest possible wake when passing between them, in order to improve the aerodynamic behavior in the turbines (7).

9. - ENERGY RECOVERY COVERED STRUCTURE, according to claim 1 and 8, characterized in that the crossbars (13) and, especially, the shaping tubes of the lower base of the structure are of quadrangular section to facilitate movement over they of the personnel when accessing the solar collectors (6) and wind (7) in the repair work and / or

10.- ENERGY RECOVERY COVERED STRUCTURE, according to some of the preceding claims, characterized in that the separation between the nodes (5) that are part of the lower base of the structure (1) conditions the existing separation or that be given to the columns (4) that form the structure of the building (2, on which said structure (1) is fixed, covered and assembled, so that said separation must be integer multiples of the separation between nodes (5) of the structure (1).