ES2392912A1 - Energy-collecting building-covering structure - Google Patents

Abstract

Energy-collecting building-covering structure, formed by juxtaposed square-based pyramids, whose edges converge in nodes (5), that is intended to be placed on the roof of one, two or more buildings incorporating, built into the volume of said structure (1), two types of energy collectors, solar collectors (6) and wind collectors (7), able to supply the energy requirements of said building or buildings (2), as well as, also, to accumulate the leftover energy and to use it at times of greater demand, or to sell it to the network, having for them the connection of said collectors (6, 7) to the elements conventionally required for this as well as a computerised control system in which, when the structure (1) covers one, two or more buildings (2), it strengthens them structurally constituting a reinforcement that increases the stability of the unit and gives it anti-seismic properties.

Description

OBJECT OF THE INVENTION

The invention, as expressed in the statement of the present specification, refers to an energetic structure covering energy collection that contributes to the function to which several advantages and innovative features are intended, which will be described in detail below, which represent a remarkable Improvement of the current state of the art in your field.

More in particular, the object of the invention

It focuses on a structure that aims to

integrate both solar energy collectors and

wind on one, two or more buildings complying

in addition, when one or more buildings cover a function of

reinforcement to act of armor of the buildings to which

covers endowing them with anti-seismic properties, with the

advantage that, on the one hand, solar collectors will be

easily accessible to perform the operations of

supervision and maintenance and, on the other hand, that with the wind collectors, using the hollow spaces and the strong points of the structure (knots) on which they pivot, the tunnel effect between the sunroof and the roof of the buildings is used .

In this way, thanks to the studied structural characteristics of the spatial design of the proposed structure, it allows to cover large lights and overhangs with low weight and high rigidity, allowing to have larger areas and open spaces that

allow you to easily integrate a significant number of

energy collectors,

getting better advantageously the

terms

from self-sufficiency energetic from the

buildings and,

so, from the cities

FIELD OF APPLICATION OF THE INVENTION

The scope of the present invention is part of the technical construction sector, particularly in the field of construction of buildings, urbanizations and cities so that they are energetically sustainable, both from the energy point of view and from the merely constructive one, covering both objectives from prefabricated elements and subsequently assembled "in situ".

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The idea that human activity has a controlled impact on the environment and the community, guaranteeing its sustainability over time, implies the need to conceive groups of people, whether in buildings, towns or cities, with other criteria. These groups end up becoming large consumers of energy, as is the case with cities.

The consumption of electricity in the home represents, in average terms, 35% of the total demand, increasing this percentage in countries closer to the Poles and as their quality of life increases. Of this 35%, demand peaks occur in the early hours of the afternoon and evening

coinciding with the hours of lunch and dinner being the highest peak two hours after sunset.

Sustainability, from the point of view of architecture, tries to achieve, through passive systems and non-aggressive assets with the environment, that the individual interacting with the building, obtain adequate levels of comfort and habitability. To achieve this not only technically but economically, governments encourage solar energy collection on facades and roofs, giving priority to the price of kWh exported to the grid, in the specific case of sensors integrated in the building.

Generating "in situ", just where it is consumed, means increasing the security of energy supply, reducing transport losses and improving respect for the environment by eliminating large transport networks.

However, to ensure the supply of electricity to buildings and cities, it takes more than a law that encourages the kWh collected and exported to the grid.

On the one hand, the areas that can be used in buildings for solar collection are reduced to that of roofs or terraces, since on the walls, only the solar noon orientation would be usable, and the solar collectors do not perform well placed vertically, with which the only really usable space are the decks. However, the

buildings,

in special in the city, they have a lot

height

in relationship to the area busy with the that the

surface

usable (terrace or cover) no is

enough so that the energy to be captured represents a significant part of the demand of the building itself, with which the policy of prioritizing the kWh captured and

exported

to net, no solution to, to level from city, he

trouble

already that the areas usable They are little

(terraces)

Y the Energy captured no match in he

time with maximum demand (late afternoon hours) so it will be necessary to find technical and architectural solutions to expand the catchment areas to capture more energy, store it during the hours of more availability to have it when needed, that is, during the peak that is generated in the evening.

On the other hand, the use of wind energy on buildings is, until now, a pending subject. The integration of both types of energy (solar + wind) in the same structure that also forms part of the building's own resistant structure, increases its stability and the security of energy supply to the building.

Thus, the objective of the present invention is to provide the state of the art with an innovative structure covering buildings in which the above criteria are integrated, it should be noted that the existence of any other invention or solution developed by the applicant is unknown. based on these premises, nor based on these principles that present technical, structural and constitutive characteristics similar to those presented by the structure that is recommended here.

EXPLANATION OF THE INVENTION

Thus, expanding the catchment areas is to talk about expanding the available terraced areas

or covered without logically damaging the stability of the building. On the contrary, the most interesting thing is to take advantage of the new roof to increase the stability of the buildings it covers.

To increase the area, it will be necessary to cover common areas between buildings or outside the buildings by cantilevers. To increase stability, instead of supporting the entire structure on a building, we must do it on two or more buildings provided that the structure is continuous, rigid and of low weight that also exerts low wind resistance and is capable of overcoming large overhangs and lights Between supports. These characteristics correspond to those of a spatial structure design. The recommended structure based on the union of bars by means of knots forming pyramids of square base, juxtaposed, and sides formed by equilateral or isosceles triangles, meets the characteristics listed above.

TO

its time its design condition that the

distance

between the props from bliss estruct ura

(columns)

match with multiples integers from the

equidistance between nodes of the structure. Therefore the design of the resistant structure of the buildings is conditioned by the spatial structure whose distance between columns will be integer multiples of the equidistance between nodes. At the same time, the union between nodes and columns will be adequately sized, so that it is a "structural whole" that assembles the entire structure of the building from the top and when it is a structure that encompasses one, two or more buildings, will improve stability. of the set thus providing seismic constructions.

Since the recommended structure is

formed by a set of tubes joined by its ends forming pyramids whose vertices are outdated and juxtaposed, you can take advantage of the design of its upper base (squares) to inscribe solar panels that will constitute a sunroof. As the panels require periodic cleaning, it will be convenient to look for a fixing system that allows accessibility.

The most appropriate will be to fix the panel frame

or hinged panels on the sides that form the upper base of each pyramid, so that as a window sheet can be folded down and facilitate cleaning. As the operator will have to walk supported on the sides of the lower frames, with harness, which allows him to move and make sure, it will be preferable that the bars that form the sides of the lower base of the spatial structure are of square structural tube, in order to offer a flat surface to support the feet.

For its part, the height of the structure, that is, the distance between its upper and lower bases, will be such that a man can travel between these bases and access the handle or bolts that open the panels' frames. The latter may be supported on legs that, in turn, are fixed on the lower base knots. All the nodes of the structure will be drilled in its vertical axis to serve as supports for legs or turbines.

In this way we will achieve the objectives outlined above, that is: increased areas available for greater solar collection, increased stability of the buildings covered and armed by

the

structure, low resistance to the wind, easy

integration

from the collectors fotovolt penthouses Y good

accessibility

to the same.

Another characteristic of the structure proposed by the invention that is interesting to highlight is the large volume occupied by its gaps or empty spaces. These spaces will be used to place wind turbines that, working confined between the sunroof and the roof of the building, capture wind energy without disturbing the capture of solar origin, resulting in a hybrid energy system integrated into the same structure.

This provision will be adequate, for example, in places between the tropics where there are usually many hours of sun and its zenith close to the vertical of the place, thus prioritizing solar collection over wind. In other locations, for example, outside the tropics or in which it is of interest to prioritize wind uptake over the solar, the wind turbines distributed as more interest may share the roof with solar collectors, in this case their rotor diameters and therefore Its power could be greater.

The wind turbine model that preferably incorporates the proposed structure is based on a self-tuning boomerang-like structure, which pivots recessed from a knot of the upper base of the structure, aided by a rudder. Said design allows to place the axis of the rotor rotation plane on the same pivot axis. This solution eliminates gyroscopic effects and takes full advantage of the hollow space occupied by the turbine rotor.

It is, therefore, a structure that integrates within its volume two types of energy, solar on its roof and wind inside. This hybridization will help decrease the volume of the storage system

(batteries or supercapacitors), etc. ) increasing security of supply.

Likewise, the existence of a

system

from control Y communications that be commission from

manage

he destination from the Energy pick up,

manage

he set in function from the Energy

available

in every moment from the demand Y of the state

of charging the batteries, that is to say, to decide if the energy generated at any time is destined for the consumption of the building itself or buildings, or to complete the storage and / or sale to the network.

For the sizing of energy storage, preferably from a specific computer program, such as the so-called "HOMER" prepared by the company NREL, with appropriate modifications to the application, in which it is prioritized to seek the maximum amount whose economic flows could be used to finance the investment.

Therefore, it is verified that the oversized solar roof with respect to the buildings' own demand together with wind integration and energy accumulation allows to achieve the objective of obtaining energy-sustainable cities by taking advantage of the common areas between buildings such as squares, parks or recreational areas, covered by structures such as the one proposed here, energy generating surfaces that represent an innovative concept of energy and architectural integration that, thanks to the accumulator system and the program

computerized will allow an energy availability that represents a new concept in the way of integrating and taking advantage of renewable sources.

The described structure covering energy collection structures thus represents an innovation of structural and constitutive characteristics unknown until now for the purpose for which it is intended,

reasons

that united to its practical utility, the dotan from

basis

enough for obtain he privi legio from

exclusivity that

be request.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

To complement the description that is being made and in order to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, this descriptive report is attached, as an integral part thereof, of a set of drawings, in which with character Illustrative and not limiting, the following has been represented:

Figure number l. -Shows a profile view of the structure covering energy collection buildings object of the invention, in an example of it covering two nearby buildings that share common areas, such as an access staircase, belonging for example to the same community, appreciating in it the main parts and elements that comprise as well as the configuration and arrangement of the same.

Figure number 2. - Shows a profile view of another example of the structure according to the invention, which in this case encompasses two buildings of

Same characteristics as those of the previous figure but separated by a busy route.

Figure number 3. - It shows a perspective view of a detail of the sunroof that incorporates the structure of the invention, showing in it the performance of an operator to perform the cleaning of the solar collectors.

Figure number 4.- Shows, in a side elevation view of the structure, the detail of one of the wind turbines that incorporates pivoting in one of the upper nodes, the boomerang-shaped layered tube that forms the gondola being appreciated therein. .

PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

In view of the aforementioned figures, and in accordance with the numbering adopted, an example of a preferred embodiment of the invention can be observed therein, which comprises the parts and elements indicated and described in detail below.

Thus, as can be seen in these figures, the energetic collection structure covered by the invention consists of a tubular structure (1), based on a spatial design formed by juxtaposed square-based pyramids, whose edges converge in knots (5) of union of the different tubes that conform it, which is eminently designed and intended to be incorporated on the roof of one, two or more adjacent or nearby buildings (2), and within whose volume two types of energy collectors, collectors are integrated solar (6) and wind collectors (7), without discarding the possibility of

have only one type of them, that is, only solar collectors or only wind collectors, said collectors being trained not only to supply the energy demand of said building or buildings (2), but also to accumulate the excess energy and have it at the time of greatest demand, or to sell it to the network, counting on them with the connection

from

sayings collectors (6.7) to the elements

conventionally

necessary for it So how to a

system of

control computerized

It is also important to note that, when the structure covers one or more of a building (2), it constitutes a structural reinforcement that provides the whole with greater stability and anti-seismic properties.

The solar collectors (6) are integrated into the square frames that form the upper base of the structure (1), being hinged to its sides by hinges (8) and hill, so that they form a practicable sunroof, having been provided on the knots of the lower base an articulated leg that supports the solar collectors.

For its part, the knots (5) of the structure

(one)

they serve as support and pivotal support of the gondolas

(9)

of the wind collectors (7), which, in the form of a bent boomerang-like tube, integrate at its lower end the generator (10) and the turbine rotor (11) that rotates describing a plane whose center of rotation is in orientation axis on which pivots helped by a rudder (12), thus eliminating gyroscopic moments.

It should also be noted that said turbine (11)

it will preferably be a microturbine and that. The wind collectors (7) are preferably arranged, alternatively, occupying the hollow spaces of the spatial structure (1) being located between the roof of the building (2) and the upper base of the structure (1).

Also, when interested, the wind collectors (7) may be located outside the structure (1) mounted on the nodes (5) of the upper base, properly distributed on its upper base, alternating its spaces with the sunroof, or on the overhangs, to prioritize wind uptake over solar.

On the other hand, it should be noted that the inclined tubes or crossbars (13) that join the upper and lower bases of the structure (1) are dimensioned in number, in addition to supporting the structural loads to be supported, so that the wind causes the smallest possible wake to pass between them, in order to improve the aerodynamic behavior in the turbines (7).

It should also be noted that these crossbars

(13) and, especially the shaping tubes of the lower base of the structure will preferably be of

sectioned!

quadrangular for to ease he displacement

on

they of the personal to the to access to the collectors

solar

(6) Y wind power (7) in the labors from repair

and / or maintenance.

Finally, it is important to note that, preferably, the separation between the nodes (5) that are part of the lower base of the structure (1) determines the existing separation or that is given to

the columns (4) that form the structure of the building

(2), on which the structure is fixed, encompassed and assembled, so that said separation must be integer multiples of the separation between nodes (5) of the structure (1), resulting in a structural whole. "

In accordance with Figure 1, it can be seen how the recommended structure (1), in a specific example of embodiment of the invention, is installed in such a way that it covers and encompasses two contiguous buildings (2) four stories high, whose intermediate area is used to locate the common stairs (3) that give access to each floor. The columns (4) of both buildings (2) are equidistant, keeping three distances between nodes (5) of the structure (1).

The photovoltaic collectors (6) that are hidden by the bars of the spatial structure are located in the upper base of the structure (1). From the upper nodes (5) and alternatively, the wind turbines (7) occupy the hollow spaces between bars of the structure, at the rate of four rows of four turbines on each building (2) that will total 32 turbines throughout the structure .

In this specific example, the separation between columns (4) of the building (2) will be 7m, each of the buildings having four floors of 196 m2, which will house two houses of 98 m2, per floor. The set will have 8 + 8 16 homes of 98 m2 • The structure (1) will fly on each side of the building 4.66 m, equivalent to two inverted tetrahedra, having a total area of 44.32 x 23.32 1033.5 m2 , where the solar collectors (6) will be installed, whose panels will occupy 80% of the total, which means at a rate of 130 Watts / m2, an installed solar power

1033.5 x 0.8 x 130 107.484 Watts. If the building is located in an area of the planet located

between

tropics We consider a potential from 1300 hours

equivalent,

the Energy annual captured by he ceiling

solar would be:

1300 x 107,484 139,729 kWh.

The diameter of the rotor (11) capable of rotating within the volume occupied by the gaps of this structure (1) will be 2.2 m. This rotor working at A. = 4.5, will rotate at 508 rpm, when the incident wind is 13 ms, driving a generator (10) of permanent magnets that would give in these conditions an instantaneous power of:

2,233 Watts ~ 2.2 kW

Being D = rotor diameter in m v = wind speed in my

Considering a site of regular wind potential with 1200 equivalent hours, the 32 wind turbines (7) will produce an annual energy of:

32x2,2x1200 84,480 kWh./year

Summarizing the energy structure that encompasses two buildings as the example has:

Total area ...................... ... 1,033.5 m2

Installed Solar Power ................... 107 kW.

Wind Power Installed ..................... 70 kW

Total Installed Power ................. ... 177 kW. Solar collected energy .............. 139,729 kWh./year

Wind energy collected ........... ... 84,480 kWh./year 5 Captured energy (solar + wind)., ... 224.209 kWh./year

Energy / Surface Ratio ........... 217 kWh / m2 and year

10 Once the annual energy available is justified, we will compare it with the demand of the building in order to evaluate the energy balance.

In any case it will be housing

15 executed under the Technical Building Code, applying the best criteria in terms of quality and energy efficiency. All the insulations on floor, deck, walls and windows will be of maximum efficiency as well as consumers (refrigerators, washing machines,

20 lighting, television, microwave, iron, etc.) The kitchen, oven and boiler for heating and domestic hot water will work with gas.

Thus the building will have:

Consumers

Hours / day kWh / day kWh laño

155W Class A Combi Fridge

24 0.95 346

2.300W class A washing machine

one 0.9 327

6 15W energy saving light bulbs

3 0.27 98.55

100W Led TV

4 0.4 146

800 W microwave

0.3 0.24 87.4

2000 W iron

one 2 730

Total consumption per home

4.76 1,734.95

As it concerns 16 homes, consumption

Total annual housing will be 1736 x16 = 62,496 kWh./year.

For

the lighting of the zones outdoor to

the

buildings be will dispose from six luminaires from 60

Watts

that will work a half from 12 h / day

totaling:

6x60x12x365 / 1000 1,577 kWh./year

Total consumption housing consumption + consumption common areas = 62,496 + 1,577 = 64,073 KWh./year

Therefore, if the available energy amounts to

179,637 kWh / year and the energy consumed amounts to

64,073 kWh. year, the energy to be exported will be 115,294 kWh / year

This represents a very positive energy balance and can export the remaining energy.

In the case of selling it to the network at a price of € 0.3 / kWh during afternoon peak hours, they would generate annual revenues of: 115,294 x 0.3 = € 34,588.2 that would be used to finance investments.

If the example used had corresponded with the element represented in figure 2 to the result expressed above, it would have to be increased by 68% more, since, as observed in said figure 2, the example represented in it consists of a structure (1 ) covering two buildings (2) of the same characteristics as in the example of figure 1, but in this case faced and separated by a busy road, and in which the dimensions of the

The structure with respect to the number of dwellings in the buildings is much higher (28 openings instead of 19), which represents 68% more, on the previous example, of energy surface. Outside the volume of the

5 structure, 7 rows of wind turbines have been arranged above its upper base. This alternative will be the most appropriate when looking for sustainable cities.

10 Describing sufficiently the nature of the present invention, as well as the way of putting it into practice, it is not considered necessary to make its explanation more extensive so that any person skilled in the art understands its scope and the advantages of it

15 derive, stating that, within its essentiality, it may be put into practice in other embodiments that differ in detail from that indicated by way of example, and which will also achieve the protection that is sought as long as it does not

20 alter, change or modify its fundamental principle.

Claims (10)

1.-CAPACITY COVERED STRUCTURE ENERGY, of the type formed by juxtaposed pyramids of square base, whose edges converge in knots (5) of union of the different tubes that conform it, and destined to be incorporated on the roof of buildings (2), characterized by the fact of covering one , two or more eontiguous or nearby buildings incorporating, integrated within the volume of said structure (1), solar energy collectors (6) and / or wind collectors (7), trained to supply the energy demand of said building or buildings (2), as well as to accumulate excess energy and dispose of it at the time of greatest demand, or to sell it to the network, counting on them the connection of said sensors (6.7) to the elements conventionally necessary for it as well as to a computerized control system; in which, when structure (1) encompasses one, two or more buildings (2), the weapons structurally constituting a reinforcement that increases the stability of the assembly and gives it anti-seismic properties.

2.

STRUCTURE COVERINGS FROM CATCHMENT

ENERGY,

according the claim one, characterized

~

Due to the fact that the solar collectors (6) are integrated into the square frames that form the upper base of the structure (1), being hinged to its sides by hinges (8) and bolts, so that they form a sunroof practicable. 3.-ENERGY CAPTURE COVERED STRUCTURE, according to claims 1 and 2, characterized by the fact that wind collectors (7) are incorporated into the structure in the nodes (5) thereof, which serve as support and pivotal support of the gondolas (9) thereof; and because said gondolas integrate at its lower end the generator (10) and the turbine rotor (11) that rotates describing a plane whose center of rotation is in the orientation axis on which it pivots assisted by a rudder (12), eliminating So the gyroscopic moments. 4.-ENERGY RECOVERY COVERED STRUCTURE, according to claim 3, characterized by the fact that the gondolas (9) of the wind collectors (7) are shaped like a boomerang layered tube. 5.-ENERGY CAPTURE COVERED STRUCTURE, according to claim 3, characterized in that the turbine (11) is a microturbine. 6.-STRUCTURE COVERED BUILDING ENERGY, according to some of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that the wind collectors (7) are arranged, alternatively occupying the hollow spaces of the spatial structure (1) being located between the roof of the building (2) and the upper base of the structure (1). 7.-STRUCTURE COVERED BUILDING ENERGY, according to some of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that, when interested to prioritize wind uptake over the solar, wind collectors (7) are located outside the structure (1) mounted on the nodes (5) of the upper base, properly distributed on its upper base, alternating its spaces with the sunroof, or over the overhangs. 8.-STRUCTURE COVERED BUILDING ENERGY, according to claim 1, characterized in that the inclined tubes or crossbars (13) that join the upper and lower bases of the structure (1) are sized to support the structural loads and so that the wind causes the smallest possible wake to pass between them, in order to improve the aerodynamic behavior in the turbines (7 ). 9.-STRUCTURE COVERED BUILDING ENERGY, according to claims 1 and 8, characterized in that the crossbars (13) and, especially, the shaping tubes of the lower base of the structure are of quadrangular section to facilitate movement over they of the personnel when accessing the solar collectors (6) and wind (7) in the repair work and / or 10.-ENERGY RECOVERY COVERED STRUCTURE, according to some of the preceding claims, characterized in that the separation between the nodes (5) that are part of the lower base of the structure (1) conditions the existing separation or that be given to the columns (4) that form the structure of the building (2, on which said structure (1) is fixed, covered and assembled, so that said separation must be integer multiples of the separation between nodes (5) of the structure (1).