WO2011086385A1 - Générateur d'hydrogène - Google Patents

Générateur d'hydrogène Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011086385A1
WO2011086385A1 PCT/GB2011/050059 GB2011050059W WO2011086385A1 WO 2011086385 A1 WO2011086385 A1 WO 2011086385A1 GB 2011050059 W GB2011050059 W GB 2011050059W WO 2011086385 A1 WO2011086385 A1 WO 2011086385A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
hydrogen generator
electrode
sequence
hydrogen
fluid
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB2011/050059
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Robert Cowan
Original Assignee
Robert Cowan
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Cowan filed Critical Robert Cowan
Priority to EP11702496A priority Critical patent/EP2524070A1/fr
Priority to US13/522,425 priority patent/US20120305388A1/en
Priority to CA2788601A priority patent/CA2788601A1/fr
Publication of WO2011086385A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011086385A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
    • C25B1/01—Products
    • C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
    • C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
    • C25B11/02—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by shape or form
    • C25B11/036—Bipolar electrodes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
    • C25B9/17—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B43/00—Engines characterised by operating on gaseous fuels; Plants including such engines
    • F02B43/10—Engines or plants characterised by use of other specific gases, e.g. acetylene, oxyhydrogen
    • F02B43/12—Methods of operating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M25/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture
    • F02M25/10—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture adding acetylene, non-waterborne hydrogen, non-airborne oxygen, or ozone
    • F02M25/12—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture adding acetylene, non-waterborne hydrogen, non-airborne oxygen, or ozone the apparatus having means for generating such gases
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a hydrogen generation device. More particularly, the present invention relates to a hydrogen generation device for use with an internal combustion engine with the purpose to improve fuel combustion and consumption.
  • a first aspect of the invention provides a hydrogen generator comprising a plurality of electrodes arranged in a sequence, wherein the sequence comprises a first positively or negatively chargeable electrode, followed by an isolated member of similar conductive material to the positively or negatively chargeable electrodes, wherein the isolated member is followed in the sequence by an electrode of opposite polarity to the first electrode and wherein an isolated member is located between each positively and negatively chargeable electrode of the sequence and wherein the sequence ends with an electrode of opposite polarity to that of the first electrode of the sequence.
  • the hydrogen generator may comprise a plurality of electrodes and a plurality of isolated members.
  • the sequence may comprise a plurality of positively chargeable electrodes and a plurality of negatively chargeable electrodes where each of the positively chargeable electrodes are electrically connected together and to a positive terminal of a power input source.
  • the sequence may be arranged such that all negatively chargeable electrodes are electrically connected together and to a negative terminal of a power input source.
  • the power input source may be provided by a connection to an automobile battery.
  • Each electrode may comprise a plurality of members joined in electrical contact.
  • Each member may be a plate.
  • Each positive and negative electrode may comprise four plates.
  • Each isolated member of the sequence may comprise three plates.
  • the plates may be substantially circular in shape.
  • Each plate may be arranged concentrically and may be mounted on a common shaft.
  • the shaft may be of non-conductive material.
  • the shaft may be of nylon material.
  • the plates providing the electrodes and isolated members may comprise stainless steel.
  • the plates may comprise 316L type stainless steel.
  • Stainless steel, in particular 316L stainless steel was found to be an efficient material in the electrolysis process for producing hydrogen and oxygen and also for its resistance to corrosion and erosion.
  • the electrodes are fully immersed during the electrolysis process. Therefore, it is advantageous to use 316L stainless steel in respect of the lifespan of the device and an increased time period between maintenance periods.
  • the electrodes may be enclosed in a hermetically sealed housing.
  • the housing may further comprise a fluid reservoir attached thereto providing a permanent fluid source for the electrolysis process.
  • the fluid reservoir may comprise a float device operable to control the level of fluid in the fluid reservoir.
  • the fluid reservoir may further comprise an input and an output port, wherein the input allows a predetermined level of fluid in the fluid reservoir and the output port allows the hydrogen generated to be exported to a combustion system.
  • the fluid reservoir may further comprise a vacuum pump to control the delivery rate of the hydrogen and oxygen gases exiting the fluid reservoir via the output port.
  • Either or both of the fluid reservoir and the hermetically sealed housing may comprise removable caps for maintenance and cleaning of their interior.
  • the electrodes may be removable from the housing for maintenance and repair.
  • the device according to the first aspect of the present invention may be used with, for example, an internal combustion engine.
  • the device may be operable to generate, through the process of electrolysis, hydrogen and oxygen for delivery to the combustion site of the engine.
  • the addition of hydrogen and oxygen to the combustion site of an engine may improve the efficiency of combustion of the hydrocarbon fuel and may also reduce emissions normally associated with the incomplete combustion of hydrocarbon fuels, for example carbon monoxide, unburned hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides and sulphur oxides.
  • Figure 1 shows an illustrative example of a hydrogen generator according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 2 shows an illustrative example of an electrode pack of the hydrogen generator of Figure 1 ;
  • Figure 3 shows an illustrative example showing the shape of an electrode of the electrode pack illustrated in Figure 2;
  • Figure 4 shows a schematic representation of the electrode sequence of Figure 2;
  • Figure 5 shows an illustrative example of a hydrogen generator according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • a hydrogen generator 1 which comprises a fluid reservoir 3 that in the illustrated embodiment is arranged substantially perpendicular to an electrode housing 5.
  • the electrode housing 5 is arranged to receive fluid 9 from the reservoir 3.
  • the reservoir 3 comprises a clear tube 7 such that the level of fluid 9 contained in the reservoir 3 can be observed.
  • the fluid 9 is an electrolyte solution comprising water; for example rainwater, a saline solution or water containing bicarbonate of soda or caustic soda. Fluid is added to the reservoir 3 through an inlet 8.
  • a float device 1 1 is included in the reservoir 3.
  • the float device 1 1 is operable to measure the level of fluid 9 in the reservoir 3 and is also operable to activate a pump (not shown) such that a predetermined level of fluid 9 is maintained in the reservoir 3.
  • the float device 1 1 can also be operable to indicate the condition of the fluid 9 in the device 1 .
  • the reservoir 3 comprises a cap 12 that, in use, provides a hermetically sealed unit.
  • the cap 12 is removable for maintenance.
  • suitable seals for example o-rings are arranged at the top of the reservoir 3 in sealing communication with the cap 12.
  • the cap 1 2 can be further sealed with the use of a screw thread and a sealing compound such as PTFE tape.
  • the electrode housing 5 comprises a substantially tubular casing 13 which houses a bank of electrodes 15 arranged in arrays of anodes 17, cathodes 19 and isolated members 21 (see Figure 2).
  • the electrodes 15 are arranged in a sequence, where each anode 1 7 and each cathode 19 is interposed with an isolated member 21 .
  • each electrode 15 comprises a substantially circular disc 23 made of 316L stainless steel (see Figure 3).
  • Each anode 17 and each cathode 19 comprises four discs 23.
  • the isolated member 21 comprises three discs 23.
  • the isolated members 21 separate the cathodes 19 from the anodes 17.
  • Each disc 23 forming the anode 17 or cathode 19 is separated from another disc by a conductive material and the discs 23 forming the isolated member 21 are spaced using non-conductive nylon washers.
  • the bank of electrodes 15 is arranged on a non-conductive nylon shaft 25.
  • the shaft 25 extends from an end cap 27 to a non-conductive disc 35.
  • the non conductive disc acts as a guide and a stop when the electrodes are inserted in the tubular casing 1 3.
  • the end cap 27 seals and closes the housing 5.
  • the end cap 27 also comprises two electrical terminals 29, 31 that provide electrical connection of the anodes 17 and the cathodes 21 to an external power source (not shown).
  • the external power source is provided by an automobile battery.
  • the bank of electrodes 15 comprises three anodes 17, three cathodes 19 and five isolating members 21 arranged in a sequence.
  • the sequence comprises an anode 17, followed by an isolating member 21 , followed by a cathode 1 9, followed by an isolating member 21 and so on.
  • the sequence ends with a cathode 19.
  • the arrangement may start with a cathode 19 and as such the sequence would end with an anode 1 7 having an isolating member between each cathode 19 and each anode 17 until the end of the sequence (see Figure 3).
  • the electrodes 15 are arranged such that all of the anodes 17 are connected together and to the positive terminal 29. Similarly, the cathodes 19 are also connected together and to the negative terminal 31 .
  • the isolated members 21 are isolated from the anodes 1 7 and cathodes 19 by virtue of the isolating members 21 being mounted on a non-conductive shaft 25 and being separated by non conductive spacers 33 such as nylon washers arranged on the shaft 25.
  • the shaft 25 terminates with the nylon disc 35.
  • the process of hydrogen generation occurs when electricity passes through the terminals 29, 31 and when the electrodes 15 are immersed in electrolytic fluid, for example distilled water or filtered rainwater containing a quantity of sodium bicarbonate (bicarbonate of soda) or sodium hydroxide (caustic soda).
  • electrolytic fluid for example distilled water or filtered rainwater containing a quantity of sodium bicarbonate (bicarbonate of soda) or sodium hydroxide (caustic soda).
  • the capacity of the reservoir 3 is in the region of three litres.
  • the fluid 9 in contact with the electrodes 15 is water containing two teaspoons (10ml) of bicarbonate of soda or two teaspoons (1 0ml) of caustic soda per litre of fluid.
  • the reservoir 3 comprises a filter to ensure that contaminants do not enter the housing 5 containing the electrodes 15.
  • the reservoir 3 comprises an inlet 8 and an outlet 37, where the inlet 8 allows the reservoir to be filled with fluid 9 and the outlet 37 facilitates removal of the hydrogen and oxygen gases to the intake side of the engine.
  • FIG. 5 An alternative arrangement is illustrated in Figure 5, where the device 100 comprises two reservoirs 300, 310 to suit different vehicle types.
  • This example operates in the same way as the device 1 illustrated by Figures 1 to 4, but includes increased fluid capacity.
  • a permanent fluid source may be connected to the inlet 8 of the reservoir 3 to ensure adequate fluid supply to the casing 13 for the electrolysis process.
  • the reservoir 3 includes a screen or filter to remove contaminants from the fluid 9 before it passes to the electrodes 15.
  • a vacuum pump (not illustrated) is connected to the outlet 37, 370 of the reservoir 3, 300 to draw the hydrogen gas at a predetermined rate towards the engine intake.
  • the vacuum pump facilitates delivery of the hydrogen and oxygen from the device 1 , 100 to the intake of the engine.
  • the vacuum pump is arranged to deliver hydrogen gas to the intake of the engine at a rate of eight litres per minute.
  • the hydrogen and oxygen gases produced from the electrolysis of the fluid 9 combine with the hydrocarbon fuel and air mixture to improve the speed of combustion and the combustion efficiency of the engine.
  • the improved combustion also reduces the emission of carbon monoxide, unburned hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides and sulphur oxides.
  • Improved combustion efficiency may also result in improved fuel consumption such that the energy used per unit of fuel is improved, a device similar to that illustrated in the figures and in accordance with the claimed invention was tested in a Kia Cerada diesel car. Improvements in fuel consumption were noted.
  • the fuel consumption of the car without the device fitted was in the region of forty eight miles per gallon of fuel used.
  • the fuel consumption of the same car with the device fitted was in the region of sixty one miles per gallon of fuel used.
  • the device 1 , 100 is arranged to operate when the ignition is switched on in the vehicle in which the device 1 , 100 is installed. By switching on the ignition, a power supply is provided to the terminals 29, 31 of the housing 5.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention porte sur un générateur d'hydrogène (1) qui comporte une pluralité d'électrodes (15) disposées en séquence. La séquence comporte tout d'abord une anode (17) ou une cathode (19), qui est suivie dans la séquence par un élément isolé (21). L'élément isolé (21) est fait en un matériau conducteur similaire à celui de l'anode (17) et de la cathode (19). La séquence se poursuit, l'élément isolé (21) étant suivi par une électrode (17, 19) qui est de polarité opposée à la première électrode (17, 19) dans la séquence. Un élément isolé (21) est disposé entre chaque anode (17) et cathode (19) de la séquence. La séquence s'achève par une électrode (17, 19) de polarité opposée à la polarité de la première électrode (17, 19) dans la séquence.
PCT/GB2011/050059 2010-01-15 2011-01-17 Générateur d'hydrogène WO2011086385A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP11702496A EP2524070A1 (fr) 2010-02-08 2011-01-17 Générateur d'hydrogène
US13/522,425 US20120305388A1 (en) 2010-01-15 2011-01-17 Hydrogen Generator
CA2788601A CA2788601A1 (fr) 2010-01-15 2011-01-17 Generateur d'hydrogene

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB1000616.1 2010-01-15
GBGB1000616.1A GB201000616D0 (en) 2010-02-08 2010-02-08 Tower power hydrogen inducer
GB1008674.2 2010-05-25
GBGB1008674.2A GB201008674D0 (en) 2010-02-08 2010-05-27 Tower power hydrogen fuel cell
GB1011006A GB2477582A (en) 2010-02-08 2010-06-30 Water electrolysis system
GB1011006.2 2010-06-30

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2011086385A1 true WO2011086385A1 (fr) 2011-07-21

Family

ID=42028383

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB2011/050059 WO2011086385A1 (fr) 2010-01-15 2011-01-17 Générateur d'hydrogène

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US20120305388A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2524070A1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2788601A1 (fr)
GB (3) GB201000616D0 (fr)
WO (1) WO2011086385A1 (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ITTO20110822A1 (it) * 2011-09-15 2013-03-16 Guido Parisi Procedimento e dispostivo per la generazione di idrogeno
WO2013155577A1 (fr) * 2012-04-17 2013-10-24 Hod Pesquisa Desenvolvimento E Participações S.A. Réacteur de dissociation moléculaire par procédé d'électrolyse pour la production d'hydrogène
ITUB20153174A1 (it) * 2015-08-06 2017-02-06 G L Di Gualandi Loris Dispositivo per la produzione di idrogeno
GB2549369A (en) * 2016-02-16 2017-10-18 Joseph Patrick O'neill Kevin Hydrogen fuel generator and its method of use

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
TW201504477A (zh) * 2013-07-17 2015-02-01 Industrie De Nora Spa 電解電池和鹼溶液電解槽以及在電池內之電解方法
CN110255785B (zh) * 2019-07-13 2023-08-04 杭州胜于蓝环保科技有限公司 电催化系统及运用于该系统的医化废水出水处理方法
JP7398109B2 (ja) * 2020-09-01 2023-12-14 守英 天白 水分解ガス発生装置の電極ユニット

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4336122A (en) * 1980-09-08 1982-06-22 Ernst Spirig Electrolysis apparatus
WO2002066585A2 (fr) * 2001-02-21 2002-08-29 Cornelis Johannes De Jager Procede et appareil de production d'un fluide combustible
US20040074781A1 (en) * 2002-10-22 2004-04-22 Dennis Klein Hydrogen generator for uses in a vehicle fuel system
WO2010053848A2 (fr) * 2008-11-08 2010-05-14 Alternative Power Technologies, Llc Procédé pour délivrer un combustible d'appoint pour un moteur à combustion interne

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5105773A (en) * 1991-10-21 1992-04-21 Alternate Fuels, Inc. Method and apparatus for enhancing combustion in an internal combustion engine through electrolysis
US6332434B1 (en) * 1998-06-29 2001-12-25 Fatpower Inc. Hydrogen generating apparatus and components therefor
WO2007133174A1 (fr) * 2006-04-12 2007-11-22 Mesa Energy, Llc Générateur à hydrogène
WO2008063967A2 (fr) * 2006-11-13 2008-05-29 Advanced R F Design, Llc Appareil d'électrolyse, moteur à combustion interne comprenant l'appareil d'électrolyse et véhicule comprenant le moteur à combustion interne
MY143484A (en) * 2008-07-24 2011-05-31 Choong Ewe Chiang Water fuel apparatus
US20100038236A1 (en) * 2008-08-18 2010-02-18 Alex Rivera Hydrogen-from-water on-demand supplemental vehicle fuel electrolyzer system
GB0901221D0 (en) * 2009-01-23 2009-03-11 Htogo Ltd An electrolysis device for generating hydrogen and oxygen for use in improving the combustion of hydrocarbon fuel
WO2010101484A1 (fr) * 2009-03-02 2010-09-10 Chung Dominic N Jr Système électrolytique de reformage de combustible

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4336122A (en) * 1980-09-08 1982-06-22 Ernst Spirig Electrolysis apparatus
WO2002066585A2 (fr) * 2001-02-21 2002-08-29 Cornelis Johannes De Jager Procede et appareil de production d'un fluide combustible
US20040074781A1 (en) * 2002-10-22 2004-04-22 Dennis Klein Hydrogen generator for uses in a vehicle fuel system
WO2010053848A2 (fr) * 2008-11-08 2010-05-14 Alternative Power Technologies, Llc Procédé pour délivrer un combustible d'appoint pour un moteur à combustion interne

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ITTO20110822A1 (it) * 2011-09-15 2013-03-16 Guido Parisi Procedimento e dispostivo per la generazione di idrogeno
WO2013155577A1 (fr) * 2012-04-17 2013-10-24 Hod Pesquisa Desenvolvimento E Participações S.A. Réacteur de dissociation moléculaire par procédé d'électrolyse pour la production d'hydrogène
ITUB20153174A1 (it) * 2015-08-06 2017-02-06 G L Di Gualandi Loris Dispositivo per la produzione di idrogeno
GB2549369A (en) * 2016-02-16 2017-10-18 Joseph Patrick O'neill Kevin Hydrogen fuel generator and its method of use

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB201000616D0 (en) 2010-03-03
GB201011006D0 (en) 2010-08-18
EP2524070A1 (fr) 2012-11-21
GB201008674D0 (en) 2010-07-07
CA2788601A1 (fr) 2011-07-21
US20120305388A1 (en) 2012-12-06
GB2477582A (en) 2011-08-10

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