WO2011085664A1

WO2011085664A1 - Ether-based fuel

Info

Publication number: WO2011085664A1
Application number: PCT/CN2011/070131
Authority: WO
Inventors: 董书君; 陈宗勇
Original assignee: 北京兰凯博能源科技有限公司
Priority date: 2010-01-15
Filing date: 2011-01-10
Publication date: 2011-07-21
Also published as: CN102127468A

Abstract

A clean ether-based fuel comprises dimethyl ether, ethanol and tert-butyl alcohol. The ether-based fuel can replace gasoline in automobiles or other vehicles or power equipments having gasoline engines. A mixed fuel comprising the ether-based fuel and at least one other fuel selected from the group consisting of gasoline and solvent oil is also provided.

Description

Ether-based fuel technology

The present invention relates to a novel clean fuel, and more particularly to a clean acid based fuel. The ether-based fuel comprises dimethyl ether, ethanol and tert-butanol. More specifically, the ether-based fuel may consist of only diruthenic acid, ethanol, and t-butanol. The invention further relates to a mixed fuel comprising the acid-based fuel of the invention and at least one other fuel selected from the group consisting of gasoline and mineral spirits. Background technique

As a well-known, oil, as a non-renewable resource, plays an indispensable role in the social life and national defense construction of a country. With the continuous improvement of the living standards of our people, cars have gradually entered the families of ordinary people. For example, Beijing has now entered the era of 4 million cars. Therefore, as the number of cars is increasing, the need for gasoline is also increasing. China's crude oil production is far from meeting the needs of the domestic economy. Today, China has become a net importer of crude oil from crude oil exporting countries, and most of China's crude oil is dependent on imports. The intensification of this situation will seriously restrict the further development of China's economy and even affect China's national defense security. Therefore, it is necessary to find a vehicle fuel that does not require the use of petroleum raw materials, and thus does not require the import of petroleum from abroad.

In addition, with the popularization of automobiles, a large amount of exhaust gas is discharged into the atmosphere, which makes the car bring convenience to people, and also brings various diseases, especially respiratory diseases. In recent years, automobile exhaust emissions have become the focus of attention. In order to reduce various problems caused by automobile exhaust emissions, countries around the world have imposed strict requirements on automobile exhaust, including relevant requirements in the United States, Europe has Euro IV standards, Japan has implemented the most stringent standards, and China is implementing it. Effective for Euro III or Euro IV standards. Moreover, the requirements for exhaust emissions in various countries will become more stringent. For example, the United States has agreed that states have separately set stricter emission standards than US national standards. On the eve of the Olympic Games, Beijing implemented the National IV standard in advance and will implement the National V standard as soon as possible. Therefore, there is a need for a clean fuel that can replace the currently used motor gasoline, which is more clean and environmentally friendly while meeting the functions of the motor gasoline.

Benzene is a recognized carcinogen. It is directly affected by the evaporation and combustion of gasoline and the release of exhaust gas into the atmosphere. Therefore, the EU, UK, Australia and Russia gasoline standards all limit this indicator, generally stipulated that no more than 5% (v/v) _{0 will} be based on Beijing local standard Precisely, the content of benzene is required to be not more than 1.0% by volume. However, as environmental requirements, governments and relevant agencies may also impose more stringent restrictions.

An aromatic hydrocarbon is a gasoline blending agent with a high octane number and a high calorific value. However, it burns to cause the formation of carcinogenic benzene, and it tends to increase the carbon deposits in the combustion chamber and increase the discharge of co ₂ . It is generally believed that the greater the content of benzene and other aromatic hydrocarbons in gasoline, the greater the benzene content of the combustion products. Therefore, reducing the aromatics content in gasoline is bound to benefit the environment by reducing benzene emissions from the tail gas.

China is a large coal producing country with abundant coal reserves. Converting rich coal resources into fuel oil has always been a research direction. Converting coal into ethanol, diterpene ether is also an important direction for coal utilization. Shaanxi New Fuel Burner Company and other units have developed acid-based gasoline additives containing 5 - 37 % diammonium ether, 10 - 60 % low-carbon alcohol compounds, and 10 - 50% C5-10 hydrocarbons. Compound, 0.1 - 5% alkylphenol to polyoxyethylene ether and 0.05 - 0.5% alkylphenol. The additive is mixed with gasoline to produce an ether-based compound gasoline. The Chinese invention patent application CN98112948.X also discloses an ether-based gasoline additive which is composed of the following components: 15.5% diterpene ether, 42% decyl alcohol, 39% benzene, 3.3% alkylphenol ethoxylate and 0.2 %2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-phenol. Affected by this, the annual production of dimethyl ether in China can now reach several million tons. However, the above two ether-based gasoline additives have high production costs and contain a large amount of benzene, so that the gasoline added with these two acid-based gasoline additives will not meet the requirements of the current gasoline standard for benzene content. Moreover, it is believed that the addition of benzene to gasoline will inevitably lead to a sharp increase in the benzene content of the gasoline combustion products, thereby causing damage to the environment and the human body. Nowadays, many diterpene ether producers are in a limited production or stop production due to product sales problems, waiting for a difficult situation.

Therefore, if diterpene ether can be used to produce clean fuels, there is no need to worry about the source of raw materials, and it will solve the current problems of these manufacturers.

Although the standard of sterol gasoline has been promulgated, due to the material properties of sterol, there are still some problems in sterol gasoline: First, the volatility of sterols relative to gasoline components is poor, resulting in difficulty in cold start of engines using sterol gasoline. Insufficient combustion; Second, the miscibility of sterols with gasoline is poor, the shelf life is short, and it is easy to deteriorate and stratify; the third is the low substitution ratio (that is, it needs to use about 1.6-1.7 parts of methanol instead of 1 part of gasoline); Fourth, if the engine is not changed Structure, methanol gasoline is not fully burned in existing engines, and its power is insufficient.

Ethanol gasoline has been used in some parts of China. However, ethanol gasoline also has some problems, such as easy moisture absorption, short shelf life due to moisture layer, low substitution ratio and insufficient power. Therefore, if diterpenic acid can be used to produce clean fuels, there is no need to worry about the source of raw materials, and it will solve the current problems of these manufacturers.

The additives used in oils such as gasoline and diesel mainly include the following: 1) antiknock agents, which are used to improve the combustion characteristics of gasoline and increase its octane number; 2) antioxidants, which are used to improve the inclusion of secondary Oxidation stability of processed components of gasoline and diesel; 3) Antifreeze, used to prevent trace moisture in jet fuel from freezing at low temperature; water, causing normal operation of the engine due to difficulty in oil transportation; 4) Antistatic agent, used To improve the electrical conductivity of oils such as jet fuel, to prevent fires caused by frictional electricity generation during high-speed pump transportation and filtration; and 5) fluidity improver for changing the crystal shape of paraffin in diesel to improve oil at low temperatures Mobility, etc.

Tert-butanol (TBA) has good solubility and is generally used as a cosolvent for sterols to increase the octane number of gasoline. In the prior art, t-butanol has not been added to an acid-based fuel containing ethanol for improving the octane number, improving the combustion performance, and alleviating the moisture absorption of ethanol. Summary of the invention

In a first aspect of the invention, the invention relates to an acid based fuel comprising dimethyl ether, ethanol and tert-butanol.

In a preferred embodiment of the first aspect, the acid-based fuel has a diether ether content of 4 to 15 parts by weight, an ethanol content of 85 to 96 parts by weight, and a t-butanol content of 0.5 to 2 parts by weight. The total weight of dioxane and ethanol is 100 parts by weight. Further, in the ether-based fuel, the content of the diterpene ether is 8-15 parts by weight, the content of ethanol is 85-92 parts by weight, and the content of tert-butyl alcohol is 0.7-1.5 parts by weight, wherein dimethyl ether and ethanol are used. The total weight is 100 parts by weight. Further, in the acid-based fuel, the content of the diterpene ether is 10-15 parts by weight, the content of ethanol is 85-90 parts by weight, and the content of tert-butyl alcohol is 0.8-1.2 parts by weight, wherein dimethylhydrazine and The total weight of ethanol is 100 parts by weight.

In one embodiment of the first aspect, the ether-based fuel of the present invention consists of dimethyl ether, ethanol, and t-butanol.

In one embodiment of the first aspect, the acid-based fuel of the present invention is an automotive fuel.

In one embodiment of the first aspect, the ether-based fuel of the present invention is a gasoline engine fuel.

In a second aspect of the invention, the invention relates to a mixed fuel comprising the acid-based fuel of the first aspect of the invention and at least one other fuel selected from the group consisting of gasoline and solvent oil No. 180.

In a preferred embodiment of the second aspect of the present invention, the content of the acid-based fuel is the mixture 1 to 99% by weight of the total weight of the combined fuel. Further, the content of the ether-based fuel is 10 _ 90% by weight based on the total weight of the mixed fuel. Further, the ether-based fuel is contained in an amount of 30 to 70% by weight based on the total weight of the mixed fuel.

In a preferred embodiment of the second aspect of the present invention, the gasoline is No. 90, No. 93, No. 97, No. 100, No. 103 gasoline (of which No. 100 and No. 103 gasoline have not been commercially produced in China).

In a preferred embodiment of the second aspect of the invention, the gasoline is sterol gasoline or ethanol gasoline.

In a preferred embodiment of the second aspect of the present invention, in the mixed fuel, the content of the No. 180 solvent oil does not exceed 20% of the total weight of the mixed fuel.

In an embodiment of the second aspect of the invention, the mixed fuel consists of the acid-based fuel of the present invention and at least one other fuel selected from the group consisting of gasoline and solvent oil No. 180.

Accordingly, the present invention includes:

1. An ether-based fuel comprising dimethylhydrazine, ethanol and tert-butanol.

2. The acid-based fuel of item 1, wherein the content of diterpene ether is 4 to 15 parts by weight, the content of ethanol is 85 to 96 parts by weight, and the content of tert-butyl alcohol is 0.5 to 2 parts by weight, wherein dimethyl ether and The total weight of ethanol is 100 parts by weight.

3. The acid-based fuel of item 1, wherein the content of the diterpene ether is 8-15 parts by weight, the content of ethanol is 85-92 parts by weight, and the content of tert-butanol is 0.7-1.5 parts by weight, wherein dimethyl ether and The total weight of ethanol is 100 parts by weight.

4. The acid-based fuel of item 1, wherein the content of dimethyl ether is 10-15 parts by weight, the content of ethanol is 85-90 parts by weight, and the content of tert-butanol is 0.8-1.2 parts by weight, wherein dimethyl ether and The total weight of ethanol is 100 parts by weight.

5. The ether-based fuel of any one of clauses 1 to 4, wherein the acid-based fuel consists of diterpene ether, ethanol, and t-butanol.

6. The acid-based fuel of any one of items 1 to 5, wherein the acid-based fuel is an automotive fuel.

7. The acid-based fuel of any one of clauses 1 to 6, wherein the acid-based fuel is a gasoline engine fuel.

A mixed fuel comprising the acid-based fuel of any one of items 1 to 7 and at least one other fuel selected from the group consisting of gasoline and solvent oil No. 180.

9. The mixed fuel of item 8, wherein the content of the acid-based fuel is 1 - of the mixed fuel

99% by weight. 10. The mixed fuel of item 8 or 9, wherein the acid-based fuel is present in an amount of from 10 to 90% by weight of the mixed fuel.

11. The mixed fuel of any one of clauses 8 to 10, wherein the acid-based fuel is present in an amount of from 20 to 80% by weight of the mixed fuel.

12. The blended fuel of any one of clauses 8-11, wherein the gasoline is gasoline No. 90, No. 93, No. 97, No. 100 or No. 103.

The mixed fuel of any one of items 8 to 12, wherein the gasoline is sterol gasoline or ethanol gasoline.

14. The mixed fuel of any one of clauses 8 to 13, wherein in the mixed fuel, the amount of the solvent oil No. 180 does not exceed 20% of the total weight of the mixed fuel.

The mixed fuel of any one of the above-mentioned items, wherein the acid-based fuel of any one of the items 1 - Item and at least one other fuel selected from the group consisting of gasoline and No. 180 solvent oil. detailed description

The inventors of the present invention have undergone extensive testing and screening, and it has unexpectedly been found that a novel fuel comprising diterpene ether, ethanol and tert-butanol can be used to solve or partially overcome the above problems in the art.

First aspect of the invention

A first aspect of the invention relates to a novel ether-based fuel which is a dioxane-based fuel. Specifically, the novel ether-based fuel comprises diterpene ether, ethanol, and t-butanol.

The novel ether-based fuel of the present invention does not use petroleum resources, and can completely replace petroleum-derived gasoline as a fuel for the automobile industry, and can also use ethanol derived from crops as a main component. Heretofore, it has been unexpected from the prior art that a composition containing didecyl ether, ethanol and tert-butanol as a main component can be used as a fuel, in particular, it can be used as a fuel for a vehicle instead of gasoline. It is not at all expected from the prior art that ether-based fuels composed of dimethyl ether, ethanol and tert-butanol can completely replace conventional gasoline for fuels used in automotive fuels or other vehicles or power plants.

Gasoline is usually a mixture of C4-C10 alkanes and contains substances such as benzene and toluene, aromatics and olefins.

In this article, "gasoline" includes regular gasoline, sterol gasoline and ethanol gasoline.

The ether-based fuel of the present invention does not contain a main component of gasoline, that is, the ether-based fuel of the present invention does not contain a hydrocarbon of C4 or more, such as a C4-C10 alkane, benzene or the like. As used herein, "does not contain hydrocarbons above C4" means that no hydrocarbons of C4 or more are intentionally added. The ether-based fuel of the present invention mainly comprises diterpene ether, ethanol and t-butanol. In general, in the ether-based fuel of the present invention, the content of diterpene may be 4 to 15 parts by weight, and the content of ethanol may be 85 to 96 parts by weight, and the content of tert-butyl alcohol may be 0.5 to 2 parts by weight. The total weight of dioxane and ethanol is 100 parts by weight. Preferably, in the ether-based fuel, the content of dimethyl ether is 8-15 parts by weight, the content of ethanol is 85-92 parts by weight, and the content of tert-butanol is 0.7-1.5 parts by weight, wherein dimethyl ether and ethanol The total weight is 100 parts by weight. More preferably, in the acid-based fuel, the diterpene ether is contained in an amount of 10 to 15 parts by weight, the ethanol is contained in an amount of 85 to 90 parts by weight, and the tert-butanol is contained in an amount of 0.8 to 1.2 parts by weight, wherein the diterpene ether and The total weight of ethanol is 100 parts by weight.

These three components are described in detail below.

Dimethyl ether is a colorless, odorless and non-toxic compound. Dimethyl ether is a gas at normal temperature and pressure. Its molecular weight is 46, oxygen content is 35, air-fuel ratio is 9, air-fuel mixture is higher than diesel (3067/2911), cetane number is 60 (5-12 units higher than diesel), exhaust emissions Medium CO and HC are 55% and 86% lower than gasoline, respectively. Therefore, dimethyl ether burns more completely than gasoline, and combustion products are more environmentally friendly than gasoline. The diterpene ether has good combustion and mechanical properties and strong explosive power, and these properties are superior to methyl tert-butyl ether.

Ethanol in this application refers to anhydrous ethanol, which has a high oxygen content (about 35%) and a large octane number (ethanol octane number is 111, 14-21 units higher than gasoline), and pollutant emissions are better than gasoline. . Ethanol has a wide range of sources, especially from cassava, straw, and especially corn, at a lower cost. In China, since ethanol gasoline has been used, the supply of ethanol, especially ethanol for fuel, has not become a problem.

The diterpene ether used in the present invention can be derived from a coal-based polygeneration, that is, a recycled material for recycling and recycling of a fertilizer plant, which has a wide range of sources and low cost.

Tert-butyl alcohol (TBA, tert-butyl alcohol), also known as 2-methyl-2-propanol, has a molecular formula of C(CH ₃ ) ₃ OH and a molecular weight of 74.12. Tert-butanol is a colorless crystal. It is a colorless volatile liquid in the presence of a small amount of water. It has a camphor-like odor, is hygroscopic, and is flammable. The tert-butanol has a melting point of 25.55 ° C, a boiling point of 82.5 ° C and a relative density of 0.7867. Tert-butanol is soluble in most organic solvents such as alcohols, esters, ketones, aromatics and aliphatic hydrocarbons. These properties make tert-butyl alcohol a useful solvent and additive and are one of the most widely used chemical products.

The tert-butanol used in the present invention may be a commercial product produced by any process such as isobutylene indirect hydration, isobutylene direct hydration, and isobutane/propylene co-oxidation to produce propylene oxide co-produced t-butanol. The acid-based fuel of the present invention has both the advantages of high clean combustion (and thus high clean emissions) of dioxane and the high octane value of ethanol. Therefore, the ether-based fuel can have a high octane number, and is fully burned and discharged. Low pollution, easy access to raw materials and low cost. The ether-based fuel of the present invention can meet the requirements of the automobile industry for gasoline, thereby replacing the conventional gasoline as a fuel for automobiles.

More particularly, the ether-based fuels of the present invention are also self-cleaning. Without wishing to be bound by a particular theory, the inventors of the present invention believe that since ethanol has good solubility properties, it can effectively prevent carbon deposits from forming in spark plugs, combustion chambers, valves, exhaust pipe muffler, etc., preventing oil blockage and avoiding Self-cleaning occurs due to failure caused by carbon deposits and clogging. Surprisingly, the ether-based fuel of the present invention can accomplish this self-cleaning function without the addition of any other additives.

The effect of adjusting the octane number can be achieved by adjusting the content of dimethyl ether and ethanol in the ether-based fuel. In general, as the content of ethanol decreases, the octane number of the ether-based fuel of the present invention also decreases. However, since the octane number of ethanol itself is very high, the octane number of the acid-based fuel of the present invention is relatively high without using an octane number improver.

The inventors of the present invention have found that tert-butanol in the ether-based fuel of the present invention further enhances the function and effect of the ether-based fuel. In acid-based fuels, tert-butanol acts to increase octane number, improve combustion performance, and alleviate ethanol moisture absorption. In prior art gasoline, tert-butanol is used in large quantities as an additive to gasoline to increase the octane number of gasoline. In the ether-based fuel of the present application, tert-butanol not only exerts its function of improving octane number and improving combustion performance, but also can be dissolved in any ratio with water to form a constant boiling mixture with water, thereby alleviating ethanol moisture absorption. Sexuality, and solve the problem of gas resistance in the use of alcohol fuels. The tert-butyl alcohol is preferably contained in an amount of from 0.5 to 2 parts by weight, preferably from 0.7 to 1.5 parts by weight, more preferably from 0.8 to 1.2 parts by weight, most preferably from 0.9 to 1.1 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the total amount of dimethyl ether and ethanol.

The ether-based fuel of the present invention may be used without any other additives, that is, the ether-based fuel of the present invention may consist of only diterpene, ethanol and t-butanol. However, other components or additives may also be added depending on the needs of the particular application to further improve certain properties of the resulting fuel.

Since the novel acid-based fuel of the present invention is different from conventional fuels such as gasoline and diesel, conventional gasoline additives are not necessarily usable for the acid-based fuel of the present invention. Before a conventional additive is used in the ft-based fuel of the present invention, the compatibility test must first be performed. The compatibility test herein means that the additive to be used can be dissolved in the acid-based fuel of the present invention and can be stably present without changing the properties of the acid-based fuel of the present invention. Only those compatible with the ether-based fuel of the present invention The additive is only possible to be used in the acid-based fuel of the present invention. In addition, it is also noted that the addition of additives does not significantly adversely affect the unique properties of the ether-based fuels of the present invention, such as cleanliness and the like.

Conventional gasoline additives which may be used in the acid-based fuel of the present invention include, for example, catalysts, oxidizers, antioxidants, combustion improvers, detergents and the like. These additives may be added to the ether-based fuel of the present invention after passing the compatibility test, provided that the unique properties of the acid-based fuel of the present invention are not significantly adversely affected. It is also possible to add a combination of additives to the ether-based fuel of the present invention, provided that the unique properties of the ether-based fuel of the present invention are not significantly adversely affected.

The inventors have found through extensive experiments that some commercially available additive products are acid-based fuels that can be used in the present invention, such as ethanol gasoline detergents produced by the Petrochemical Research Institute, and fuel-saving fuels produced by Henan Xinxiang Si Te Fuel Saver Factory. Detergents, catalysts, oxidizers, antioxidants, combustion improvers, metal passivators, corrosion inhibitors, water repellents, anti-corrosion agents, smoke suppressants, etc., which are compatible with this ether-based fuel. product.

More specifically, the inventors of the present invention have conducted extensive research work, and it has unexpectedly been found that the addition of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-nonylphenol as an antioxidant to the acid-based fuel of the present invention can reduce the present invention. The gum produced by the automatic oxidation of the ether-based fuel delays the oxidation of the fuel and prolongs the shelf life. When the acid-based fuel of the present invention contains 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-nonylphenol, the content of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-nonylphenol may be 0.005 - 0.05 parts by weight, preferably 0.008 - 0.02 parts by weight. Most preferably from 0.009 to 0.012 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the total amount of dioxane and ethanol.

The inventors have found that it is also preferred to add a detergent succinimide to the acid-based fuel of the present invention. The succinimide contains a polar region and a non-polar region, and its polar region surrounds the tiny particles of the formed deposit to form micelles, which are dispersed into the fuel for cleaning purposes; Adsorbed on the surface of metal or ions to form a molecular protective film that prevents the particles from accumulating or adhering to the metal surface to maintain cleanliness. Therefore, succinimide can remove sludge and carbon deposits from the carburetor and crankcase system, reduce atmospheric pollution, reduce CO emissions, reduce HC (hydrocarbon) emissions, and reduce oil pumps. And the wear of the injector prevents the cremation plug from coking and increases the power of the engine, thereby saving energy and improving fuel economy.

The inventors have also surprisingly found that when the ether-based fuel of the present invention contains both t-butanol, succinimide and 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-nonylphenol, these three additives can provide synergy. The function of the ether-based fuel of the invention is more stable, the combustion of the fuel is more sufficient, the engine is safe to operate and the power is sufficient. The method for preparing the acid-based fuel of the present invention is not particularly limited, and the ether-based fuel of the present invention can be obtained by a conventional technique in the chemical industry. The preparation of the ether-based fuels of the invention includes the addition of t-butanol and optionally other additives, as well as the mixing of dioxane and ethanol. In general, tert-butanol and optionally other additives can be added to the ethanol and then mixed with dimethyl ether. However, it is also possible to first carry out the mixing of dimethyl ether and ethanol, followed by the addition of t-butanol and optionally other additives. For post-addition of additives, if agitation is required, it should be stirred slowly. For the mixing of dimethyl ether and ethanol, a gas absorption tower can usually be used to obtain this mixing. The use of a gas absorption tower to obtain the ether-based fuel of the present invention is obtained by a physical absorption method involving only the absorption of dimethyl ether by ethanol. In general, countercurrent absorption is typically selected to accomplish the preparation of the ether-based fuels of the present invention. The invention does not have any limitation on the selection of the absorption tower, and a packed tower or a tray tower can be selected. The present invention also has no limitation on the absorption conditions. When the chemical engineering technician faces the specific purpose of the absorption of dioxane gas by ethanol, the absorption tower and the absorption conditions are selected according to the basic chemical principle and the relative content required. . In general, conventional absorption at room temperature completes the absorption of diterpenes by ethanol.

This absorption process can be briefly described as follows: The diterpene ether gas is passed from the bottom of the absorption column through a metering device (such as a gas distributor); at the same time, the ethanol (or pre-mixed with t-butanol and optionally other additives) The ethanol is added from the top of the column, and the gas-liquid two phases flow in the opposite direction in the absorption tower, and are directly and sufficiently contacted, so that the diterpene ether gas is absorbed by the ethanol. Depending on the choice of absorber and its efficiency, one-way absorption or cyclic absorption can be used. For cyclic absorption, the diterpene ether-containing ethanol from the bottom of the column (and optionally t-butanol and optionally other additives) can be re-conveyed back to the top of the column and introduced into the column. The evolved gas is re-conveyed back to the bottom of the column and introduced into the column, thereby repeating the absorption process of the dioxane gas. This repeated absorption can be carried out as many times as needed. However, it will also be apparent to those skilled in the art that dimethyl ether can be substantially dissolved in ethanol by one-way absorption of the absorption column to achieve the desired diterpenic acid content without repeated absorption.

The stability of the ether-based fuel of the present invention is much higher than that of ordinary gasoline. This can be confirmed from the induction period and the gel content after the acid-based fuel of the present invention is stored for a long period of time.

The inventors of the present invention have found that the ether-based fuel of the present invention has the advantages of high oxygen content, low vapor pressure, low sulfur, low benzene, low aromatics, and no lead. The acid-based fuel of the present invention can be used in existing vehicles without changing the engine structure. Second aspect of the invention

In a second aspect of the invention, the invention relates to a mixed fuel comprising at least one of the ether-based fuel of the invention and other fuels, such as gasoline and mineral spirits. The hybrid fuel of the present invention can also be used in fuels for automotive fuels or other vehicles or power equipment.

The case where the other fuels are gasoline, solvent oil or a combination thereof will be described below.

Other fuel is gasoline

The inventors have found that the acid-based fuel of the present invention can be used alone as a fuel for engines, particularly gasoline engines. Therefore, the acid-based fuel of the present invention can completely replace gasoline for automobile fuel. However, it is also possible to use the acid-based fuel of the present invention in combination with conventionally used gasoline, or even methanol gasoline or ethanol gasoline, for fuels for automobile fuels or other vehicles or power plants. Therefore, the mixed fuel of the present invention may comprise the ether-based fuel and gasoline of the first aspect of the invention.

When the ether-based fuel of the present invention is mixed with gasoline, the mixing ratio of the ether-based fuel of the present invention to gasoline can be arbitrarily adjusted as needed.

In general, in the gasoline-containing mixed fuel of the second aspect of the invention, the acid-based fuel of the present invention may be contained in an amount of from 1 to 99% by weight based on the total weight of the mixed fuel. Preferably, the acid-based fuel of the present invention may be present in an amount of from 10 to 90% by weight, more preferably from 30 to 70% by weight, based on the total weight of the mixed fuel. Preferably, the content of gasoline is correspondingly from 90 to 10% by weight, more preferably from 70 to 30% by weight.

The gasoline which can be used in the second aspect of the invention may be, for example, ordinary gasoline, and sterol gasoline or ethanol gasoline, particularly motor gasoline. The labels of these gasolines may be, for example, No. 90, No. 93, No. 97, No. 100, No. 103.

In the present application, ordinary gasoline means gasoline which is not added with dioxane, decyl alcohol or ethanol. The sterol gasoline and the ethanol gasoline respectively refer to gasoline to which sterol or ethanol is added. Since ethanol has been added to the ethanol gasoline, when the acid-based fuel of the present invention is used in combination with ethanol gasoline, the ethanol carried in the ethanol gasoline changes the ratio of the diterpene ether to the ethanol of the acid-based fuel of the present invention. Therefore, when the ether-based fuel of the present invention is used in combination with ethanol gasoline, depending on the specific conditions and uses, it is necessary to consider the ethanol content in the ethanol gasoline to finally determine the mixing ratio of the ether-based fuel of the present invention and the ethanol gasoline. Alternatively, when the acid-based fuel of the present invention is used in combination with ethanol gasoline, depending on the specific conditions and uses, it is necessary to consider the ethanol content in the ethanol gasoline to ensure that the introduction of ethanol in the ethanol gasoline does not result in the ether-based fuel of the present invention. The content ratio of the diterpene ether and ethanol deviates from the scope of the present invention. In general, in order to make the dicarboxylic acid content of the ether-based fuel of the invention in the range of 4 - 15 (for example 5 _ 10 ) by weight (at 100) In the preferred range of the calculation of the total amount of ethanol and dioxane in weight, when ethanol gasoline is used, the mixing ratio of ethanol gasoline should not exceed 50%.

For example, when the ethanol gasoline contains 15% by weight of ethanol, the ratio of the dimethyl ether used should be considered in combination, and the fuel performance of the mixed fuel after mixing is ensured, and the mixing ratio of the ethanol gasoline should not exceed the acid-based fuel of the present invention. 50%.

In general, the acid-based fuel of the present invention can be compounded with ordinary gasoline in any ratio. Preferably, the acid-based fuel of the present invention is compounded with ordinary gasoline in a weight ratio of 10:90 to 90:10. More preferably, the ether-based fuel of the present invention is compounded with ordinary gasoline in a weight ratio of 20:80 to 80:20. More preferably, the ether-based fuel of the present invention is compounded with ordinary gasoline in a weight ratio of 30:70 to 70:30.

When the mixing ratio of the acid-based fuel is as high as 80%, that is, 80 parts by weight of the acid-based fuel of the present invention is mixed with 20 parts by weight of ordinary gasoline (for example, No. 90 gasoline), the obtained mixed fuel is stable in quality and can be stored at room temperature. 1 year does not stratify.

There is no particular limitation on the method of obtaining a mixed fuel containing gasoline. The mixed fuel can be obtained by mixing the ether-based fuel of the present invention with gasoline. For example, the ether-based fuel of the present invention may be added to gasoline, or gasoline may be added to the acid-based fuel of the present invention, or the ether-based fuel of the present invention and gasoline may be simultaneously added to a separate container and uniformly mixed. To get a blend of fuel. Slow agitation can be used to promote mixing.

As described above, since the ether-based fuel of the present invention has a high octane number, usually more than 100, the acid-based fuel of the present invention can be used to increase the number of ordinary gasoline. For example, the acid-based fuel of the present invention can be used to make the No. 90 or No. 93 gasoline reach the standard of No. 93 or No. 97 gasoline, respectively.

Further, the use of the acid-based fuel of the present invention can also improve the stability of ordinary gasoline. In general, the stability of commercially available regular gasoline is not good enough. By blending the acid-based fuel of the present invention with commercially available ordinary gasoline, the induction period of ordinary gasoline can be increased and the gum content can be lowered.

When the ether-based fuel of the present invention is mixed with normal gasoline in a ratio of 30% or in a ratio of 20% with methanol or ethanol gasoline, the power and fuel saving effect can be achieved. Under the same operating conditions of the engine, the fuel saving ratio can be as high as 10% or more. By using the ether-based fuel of the present invention in combination with gasoline, the substitution ratio can be increased to 0.7 to 1 (the substitution ratio of ethanol gasoline is 1.6-1.7). Here, the substitution ratio refers to the weight fraction of ethanol gasoline or the ether-based fuel of the present invention which is required to replace one ordinary gasoline. Further, by using the ether-based fuel of the present invention, the exhaust gas emission can be greatly reduced, thereby providing an excellent environmental effect. Other fuels are solvent oils

The other fuel used in the mixed fuel of the second aspect of the invention may also be No. 180 solvent oil. Therefore, the mixed fuel of the present invention may comprise the ether-based fuel of the first aspect of the invention and the solvent oil No. 180.

Solvent oil, in the petroleum industry, generally refers to gasoline used as a solvent, including catalytic reforming. According to different purposes, there are rubber solvent oil, extract solvent oil and industrial solvent oil. In the present application, the solvent oil refers to the front end of the refinery refining process, that is, the light scooping component at a temperature of 30 - 70 °C. Generally, petroleum spirits are usually classified into 70, 90, 120, 180, 190, 200 grades according to their 98% distillation temperature or 100% dry point.

In the present application, it is preferred to use a solvent oil No. 180, also known as an aviation washing oil, which has a deeper degree of purification and a boiling range of 40 to 180 °C. Solvent oil No. 180 is used: one is good in miscibility, the other is low in cost, and the third is available octane component and high volatile matter.

In general, in the mixed fuel of the present invention, the ratio of the ether-based fuel to the solvent oil No. 180 may be any ratio. Preferably, the weight ratio of the acid-based fuel to the solvent oil No. 180 is 90:10, and more preferably, the weight ratio of the acid-based fuel of the present invention to the solvent oil No. 180 is 80:20.

When the mixing ratio of the acid-based fuel is as high as 80%, that is, 80 parts by weight of the acid-based fuel of the present invention and 20 parts by weight of the solvent oil No. 180, the obtained mixed fuel is stable in quality and can be stored at room temperature for one year. Floor.

A mixed fuel comprising the acid-based fuel of the present invention and the solvent oil No. 180 can be used as a fuel, particularly a fuel having an octane number of 90 or higher which can be used as an automobile fuel or other vehicle or power plant.

There is no particular limitation on the method of obtaining a mixed fuel containing the solvent oil No. 180 and the ether-based fuel of the present invention. The mixed fuel can be obtained by mixing the ether-based fuel of the present invention with the solvent oil No. 180. For example, the acid-based fuel of the present invention may be added to a solvent oil, or the solvent oil may be added to the acid-based fuel of the present invention, or the acid-based fuel and the solvent oil of the present invention may be simultaneously added to a separate container, and Mix well to get a blend of fuels. Slow agitation can be used to promote mixing. Other fuels are a combination of gasoline and No. 180 solvent oil The mixed fuel of the present invention may contain, in addition to the ether-based fuel of the present invention, a combination of gasoline and No. 180 solvent oil.

The ether-based fuel of the present invention is miscible with the other two fuels and between the other two fuels. Therefore, even if the base fuel of the present invention is used together with these two other fuels, it can be used as a fuel for a vehicle or a power plant, such as a fuel for an automobile engine. The fuel blend of the present invention comprises gasoline and solvent oil No. 180, similar to the case where only gasoline or solvent oil No. 180 is separately discussed above. However, since the octane number of the solvent oil No. 180 is low, at this time, it is preferable that the content of the solvent oil No. 180 is not more than 20% by weight based on the total weight of the mixed fuel.

There is no particular limitation on the method of obtaining a mixed fuel comprising a combination of gasoline and No. 180 solvent oil and the acid-based fuel of the present invention. The mixed fuel can be obtained by mixing the ether-based fuel of the present invention with gasoline and solvent oil No. 180. For example, the ether-based fuel of the present invention and gasoline and solvent oil No. 180 can be added to separate containers and mixed uniformly to obtain a mixed fuel. Slow agitation can be used to promote mixing. The invention will now be further described by reference to specific examples. However, the invention is not limited by these specific examples.

Example

The materials used in the following examples are as follows:

Anhydrous ethanol, content greater than 99.7 %, from Beijing Chemical Plant

Dimethyl ether, content 99.5%, from Hebei Hunchun Dimethyl Ether Development Co., Ltd.

2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-phenol, purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd.

Tert-butanol, content greater than 99%, purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd.

Succinimide, content 98.8-100.5%, purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. Acid-based fuel example 1

In a conventional absorption tower, diterpene ether was absorbed in ethanol according to a countercurrent absorption method to obtain an ethanol solution having a diterpenic acid concentration of 5% by weight, thereby obtaining an ether-based fuel 1.

Acid based fuel example 2

In the same manner as in the ether-based fuel example 1, in the above-mentioned absorption tower, diterpene was absorbed in ethanol by a countercurrent absorption method to obtain an ethanol solution having a diterpene ether concentration of 9 wt%, thereby obtaining an ether-based fuel 2. In the same manner as in the ether-based fuel example 1, in the above-mentioned absorption tower, dioxane was absorbed in ethanol according to a countercurrent absorption method to obtain an ethanol solution having a diterpene ether concentration of 12% by weight, thereby obtaining an acid-based fuel 3.

Ether-based fuel example 4

In the same manner as in the acid-based fuel example 1, in the above-mentioned absorption tower, diterpene was absorbed into ethanol according to a countercurrent absorption method to obtain an ethanol solution having a diterpene ether concentration of 15% by weight, thereby obtaining an acid-based fuel 4.

Acid based fuel example 5

Lg 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-nonylphenol, lg succinimide, and 100 g of t-butanol were added to 10 kg of the ether-based fuel 1 prepared as described above, and gently stirred to obtain an ether-based fuel 5.

Sulfur-based fuel example 6

In a transparent container, 50 g of t-butanol was added to 10 kg of the ether-based fuel 1 obtained above, and the mixture was gently stirred to obtain an ether-based fuel 6.

Acid based fuel example 7

In a transparent container, 70 g of t-butanol was added to 10 kg of the acid-based fuel 2 obtained above, and stirred gently to obtain an ether-based fuel 7.

Ether-based fuel example 8

In a transparent container, 80 g of t-butanol was added to 10 kg of the ether-based fuel 3 obtained above, and the mixture was gently stirred to obtain an acid-based fuel 8.

Ether-based fuel example 9

In a transparent container, 120 g of t-butanol was added to 10 kg of the acid-based fuel 4 obtained above, and stirred gently to obtain an ether-based fuel 9.

Ether based fuel embodiment 10

In a transparent container, 200 g of t-butanol was added to 10 kg of the acid-based fuel 4 obtained above, and the mixture was gently stirred to obtain an ether-based fuel 10. Mixed fuel example 1

In a transparent container, 200 g of the above ether-based fuel 1 and 1800 g of No. 90 motor gasoline (manufactured by Sinolithic Beijing Co., Ltd.) were mixed in a weight ratio of 10:90 to obtain a mixed fuel 1.

Mixed fuel example 2 In a transparent container, 400 g of the above ether-based fuel 2 and 1600 g of No. 90 motor gasoline (manufactured by Sinopec Beijing Co., Ltd.) were mixed at a weight ratio of 20:80 to obtain a mixed fuel 2.

Mixed Fuel Example 3

In a transparent container, 600 g of the above ether-based fuel 3 and 1400 g of No. 90 motor gasoline (manufactured by Sinolithic Beijing Co., Ltd.) were mixed at a weight ratio of 30:70 to obtain a mixed fuel 3.

Mixed Fuel Example 4

In a transparent container, 100% of the above acid-based fuel 4 and 1000 g of No. 90 motor gasoline (manufactured by Sinolithic Beijing Co., Ltd.) were mixed in a weight ratio of 50:50 to obtain a mixed fuel 4.

Mixed Fuel Example 5

In a transparent container, 1400 g of the above ether-based fuel 2 and 600 g of No. 90 motor gasoline (manufactured by Sinolithic Beijing Co., Ltd.) were mixed at a weight ratio of 70:30 to obtain a mixed fuel 5.

Mixed Fuel Example 6

In a transparent container, 1600 g of the above ether-based fuel 1 and 400 g of No. 90 motor gasoline (manufactured by Sinolithic Beijing Co., Ltd.) were mixed in a weight ratio of 80:20 to obtain a mixed fuel 6.

Mixed Fuel Example 7

In a transparent container, 1800 g of the above ether-based fuel 2 and 200 g of No. 90 motor gasoline (manufactured by Sinolithic Beijing Co., Ltd.) were mixed in a weight ratio of 90:10 to obtain a mixed fuel 7.

Mixed Fuel Example 8

In a transparent container, 400 g of the above acid-based fuel 1 and 1600 g of No. 90 ethanol gasoline (commercially available ethanol gasoline, having an ethanol content of 10%) were mixed in a weight ratio of 20:80 to obtain a mixed fuel 8.

Mixed Fuel Example 9

In a transparent container, l lOOg of the above ether-based fuel 2 and 900 g of No. 90 sterol gasoline (commercial sterol gasoline, sterol content of 15%) were mixed in a weight ratio of 55:45 to obtain a mixed fuel 9.

Mixed Fuel Example 10

In a transparent container, 1600 g of the above ether-based fuel 2 and 400 g of No. 80 solvent oil (purchased at Beijing Donghai Chemical Plant) were mixed at a weight ratio of 80:20 to obtain a mixed fuel 10.

Mixed Fuel Example 11

In a transparent container, 1600 g of the above ether-based fuel 5 and 400 g of No. 90 motor gasoline (manufactured by Sinolithic Beijing Co., Ltd.) were mixed in a weight ratio of 80:20 to obtain a mixed fuel 11.

Mixed Fuel Example 12 In a transparent container, 1600 g of the above ether-based fuel 1 was mixed with 200 g of No. 90 motor gasoline (produced by Sinopec Beijing Co., Ltd.) and 200 g of No. 180 solvent oil (purchased at Beijing Donghai Chemical Plant) to obtain a mixed fuel 12.

Mixed Fuel Example 13

In a transparent container, 200 g of the above-mentioned acid-based fuel 6 and 1800 g of No. 90 motor gasoline (manufactured by Sinolithic Beijing Co., Ltd.) were mixed at a weight ratio of 10:90 to obtain a mixed fuel 13.

Mixed Fuel Example 14

In a transparent container, 400 g of the above-mentioned acid-based fuel 7 and 1600 g of No. 90 motor gasoline (manufactured by Sinolithic Beijing Co., Ltd.) were mixed at a weight ratio of 20:80 to obtain a mixed fuel 14.

Mixed Fuel Example 15

In a transparent container, 600 g of the above-mentioned acid-based fuel 8 and 1400 g of No. 90 motor gasoline (manufactured by Sinolithic Beijing Co., Ltd.) were mixed at a weight ratio of 30:70 to obtain a mixed fuel 15.

Mixed Fuel Example 16

In a transparent container, 1000 g of the above ether-based fuel 9 and 1000 g of No. 90 motor gasoline (manufactured by Sinolithic Beijing Co., Ltd.) were mixed in a weight ratio of 50:50 to obtain a mixed fuel 16.

Mixed Fuel Example 17

In a transparent container, 1400 g of the above-mentioned acid-based fuel 10 and 600 g of No. 90 motor gasoline (manufactured by Sinolithic Beijing Co., Ltd.) were mixed at a weight ratio of 70:30 to obtain a mixed fuel 17.

Mixed Fuel Example 18

In a transparent container, 1600 g of the above ether-based fuel 6 and 400 g of No. 90 motor gasoline (manufactured by Sinolithic Beijing Co., Ltd.) were mixed in a weight ratio of 80:20 to obtain a mixed fuel 18.

Mixed Fuel Example 19

In a transparent container, 1800 g of the above ether-based fuel 7 and 200 g of No. 90 motor gasoline (manufactured by Sinolithic Beijing Co., Ltd.) were mixed at a weight ratio of 90:10 to obtain a mixed fuel 19.

Mixed Fuel Example 20

In a transparent container, 400 g of the above acid-based fuel 8 and 1600 g of No. 90 ethanol gasoline (commercially available ethanol gasoline, having an ethanol content of 10%) were mixed in a weight ratio of 20:80 to obtain a mixed fuel 20.

Mixed Fuel Example 21

In a transparent container, 1100 _{g of the} above acid-based fuel 9 and 900 _{g of} 90 sterol gasoline (commercial sterol gasoline, methanol content of 15%) were mixed in a weight ratio of 55:45 to obtain a mixed fuel 21 mixed fuel implementation. Example 22 In a transparent container, 1600 g of the above ether-based fuel 6 and 400 g of No. 180 solvent oil (purchased at Beijing Donghai Chemical Plant) were mixed in a weight ratio of 80:20 to obtain a mixed fuel 22.

Mixed Fuel Example 23

In a transparent container, 1600 g of the above ether-based fuel 7 was mixed with 200 g of No. 90 motor gasoline (manufactured by Sinolithic Beijing Co., Ltd.) and 200 g of No. 180 solvent oil (purchased at Beijing Donghai Chemical Plant) to obtain a mixed fuel 23. Storage test

1. The prepared acid-based fuels 1-10 and 1 - 23 of the mixed fuels were sealed and stored at ambient temperature overnight, and then visual observation revealed no delamination.

2. 500g of the above-mentioned ether-based fuels 1-10 and 1 - 23 of the mixed fuels were prepared, and then stored in a sealed state. After storage for 1 month at ambient temperature, no delamination was observed. Octane measurement

According to the GB/T 5487 gasoline octane number determination method (research method), the acid-based fuel obtained above is 1

- 10 and mixed gasoline fuel 1 - 23 for octane measurement, the measurement results are shown in Table 1. Stability test

The prepared acid-based fuel 1 - 10 and the mixed fuel 1 - 23 are placed under ambient conditions for 1 month, and then the gelatinous content is measured according to GB/T8019, and the induction period is measured according to GB/T8018, and the measurement results are shown in the table. 1 in.

Table 1 (continued)

Table 1 (continued)

Mixed fuel 10 base fuel 2, 1600g; 93 1 1000 solvent oil, 400g

Mixed fuel 11 chain-based fuel 5, 1600g; 97 1 1000

No. 90 car gasoline, 400g

Mixed fuel 12 ether based fuel 1 , 1600g; 97 1 1000

No. 90 car gasoline, 200g

Solvent No. 180, 200g Table 1 (continued) Example No. Component Octane Value Gum content Induction period

( RON ) ( mg/100mL ) (minutes) Mixed fuel 13 base fuel 6, 200g 93 3 1000

No. 90 car gasoline, 1 said g

Mixed fuel 14 chain fuel 7, 400g; 95 3 1000

No. 90 car gasoline, 1600g

Mixed fuel 15 followed by base fuel 8 , 600g ; 97 2 1000

No. 90 car gasoline, 1400g

Mixed fuel 16 ether based fuel 9, lOOOOg; > 100 2 1500

No. 90 car gasoline, lOOOg

Mixed fuel 17 base fuel 10, 1400g; > 100 1 1500

No. 90 car gasoline, 600g

Mixed fuel 18 boat-based fuel 6, 1600g; > 100 1 1500

No. 90 car gasoline, 400g

Mixed fuel 19 acid based fuel 7, 1800g; > 100 1 1500

No. 90 car gasoline, 200g

Mixed fuel 20 base fuel 8, 400g; 95 3 1000

No. 90 ethanol gasoline, 1600g

Mixed fuel 21 chain-based fuel 9, HOOg; 95 2 1300

No. 90 methanol gasoline, 900g Mixed fuel 22 base fuel 6, 1600g; > 100 1 1500 180 solvent oil, 400g

Mixed fuel 23 chain-based fuel 7, 1600g; > 100 1 1400

No. 90 car gasoline, 200g

Solvent No. 180, 200g

a: The base fuel 5 further contains about 0.01% of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-nonylphenol, about 0.01% of succinimide, and about 1% of t-butanol. Vehicle 2km operation test

Discharge the fuel tank gasoline of Songhuajiang Automobile (Dongan 462 engine) and apply the above acid-based fuel 1

- 10 and mixed gasoline fuel 1 _ 23 each take 2 kg and put it in the fuel tank. The ignition is started, and after 10 minutes of test burning, a 2 km experimental operation (the highway is a highway with an average speed of about 80 km/h). The above operation results were compared with those when the car was operated using No. 90 motor gasoline (manufactured by Sinopec Beijing Co., Ltd.) according to the following comparison items 1 - 4. The comparison item 1-3 is judged by the subjective feeling of the driver who has 10 years of driving experience. Item 4: The remaining fuel is discharged from the tank and the weight is weighed to calculate the fuel consumption.

Comparison project:

Engine combustion

2. Vehicle operating conditions

3. Whether the exhaust pipe emits visible impurities (for example, black smoke, etc.) (At this time, the exhaust pipe needs to be lengthened so that the driver can see the exhaust gas discharged from the exhaust pipe).

4. How does the fuel consumption compare with ordinary gasoline?

The above comparison results are shown in Table 2. In the "Engine Burning Situation" column of Table 2, "Ο" indicates that the engine combustion condition is equal to or better than that of the No. 90 motor gasoline; "X" indicates that the engine combustion condition is inferior to the No. 90 motor gasoline.

In the "Vehicle Operation" column of Table 2, "◎, indicates that the vehicle's operating condition is equal to or better than that of the No. 90 motor gasoline; "X" indicates that the vehicle is inferior to the No. 90 motor gasoline.

In the column "Whether the exhaust pipe emits visible impurities" in Table 2, "©" means that no visible impurities are emitted; "X" means that visible impurities are emitted. In the column "How the fuel consumption compares with gasoline" in Table 2, "©" indicates that the fuel consumption is equal to or better than that of No. 90 motor gasoline; "X" indicates that the fuel consumption is inferior to that of No. 90 motor gasoline. Vehicle long distance running test

Repeat the above test for the preparation of ether-based fuel 1 - 10 and mixed fuel 1 - 23, except that the amount of each component is increased to 20 times the original amount, so that it can be used for the same Songhuajiang automobile for 600 km long distance test. And for the Audi A6 (Audi A6 2.4 displacement sedan, the engine is a V-type 6 rainbow / 6-valve electronically controlled multi-point fuel injection engine) for 800 km long distance running test. And evaluate the vehicle operation according to the above method. Long-distance running tests use high-speed road sections with an average speed of 100 km / h. The evaluation results are shown in Table 2.

The inventors have found that when the above-described operational tests are carried out using the ether-based fuel and the mixed fuel of the present invention, consistently good results are obtained for short distances, long distances, and different types of automobiles, and therefore, the results in Table 2 below represent the above. All the results of the running test. Table 2

Mixed fuel 4 ◎ ◎ ◎ ◎

Mixed fuel 7 ◎ ◎ ◎ ◎

Mixed fuel 9 ◎ ◎ ◎ ◎

Mixed fuel 10 ◎ ◎ ◎ ◎

Mixed fuel 11 ◎ ◎ ◎ ◎

Mixed fuel 12 ◎ ◎ ◎ ◎

Mixed fuel 13 ◎ ◎ ◎ ◎

Mixed fuel 14 ◎ ◎ ◎ ◎

Mixed fuel 15 ◎ ◎ ◎ ◎

Mixed fuel 16 ◎ ◎ ◎ ◎

Mixed fuel 19 ◎ ◎ ◎ ◎

Mixed fuel 21 ◎ ◎ ◎ ◎

Mixed fuel 22 ◎ ◎ ◎ ◎

Mixed Fuel 23 ◎ ◎ ◎ ◎ As can be seen from the results of Tables 1 and 2, the ether-based fuel of the present invention and the mixed fuel containing the ether-based fuel of the present invention can be used in various gasoline engines for automobiles, and the fuel consumption is Commercially available gasoline is the same or lower. The results of Tables 1 and 2 also confirmed that the ether-based fuel of the present invention can be used alone or in combination with various gasolines. The results in Table 1 also confirm that the ether-based fuels of the present invention have higher octane numbers, most of which exceed 100. Moreover, the acid-based fuel of the present invention can be used to increase the octane number of ordinary gasoline or methanol or ethanol gasoline, and to improve the stability of ordinary gasoline or ethanol or methanol gasoline. The acid-based fuel of the present invention can also increase the octane number of the solvent oil No. 180 and improve the stability of the solvent oil No. 180. Broaden the range of fuel for vehicles. Fuel detection

The above-mentioned ether-based fuel 1 - 10 and mixed fuel 1 - 23 were subjected to a folding process, copper sheet corrosion and lead content detection. The distillation range test is carried out in accordance with GB/T6536, the copper sheet corrosion test is carried out in accordance with GB/T5096, and the lead content test is carried out in GB/T8020. The test results are shown in Table 3 below.

table 3

Table 3 (continued 1)

Table 3 (continued 2)

Table 3 (continued 3)

Table 3 (continued 4)

. _c

10% evaporation temperature 64 62 69

50% evaporation temperature V 73 73 88

90% evaporation temperature °c 92 95 151 Final point 128 120 176 Residual amount % ( v/v ) 0.5 1 0.5 Copper corrosion grade 1 1 1 (50 ° C, 3 h)

Lead gL 0.001 0.001 0.001

Residual % ( V / V ) 1 1 0 0.5 0.5 Copper corrosion grade 1 1 1 1 1

( 50 ° C , 3h )

Lead g L 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 From the results of Table 3, it can be seen that the ether-based fuel of the present invention and the mixed fuel containing the ether-based fuel of the present invention all obtained good results. Exhaust emission detection

According to GB18285-2005, the tail gas emission measurement was performed on the above ether-based fuel 1 - 9 and mixed fuel 1 - 23 using the Chery SQR7080 automobile (engine model SQR372FD), and the results shown in the table are the average of three measurements.

The measurement results are shown in Table 4 below. Table 4

Table 4 (continued 1)

High idle speed

CO(%) 0.05 0.08 0.07 0.08 0+5

HC (ppm) 21 18 9 0 150

NOx (ppm) 44 52 45 50

Low idle speed

CO(%) 0.06 0.10 0.08 0.012 1 +0

HC (ppm) 31 25 21 5 200

NOx (ppm) 35 40 35 29 Table 4 (continued 4)

Table 4 (continued 5)

Fuel note

Mixed combustion, mixed combustion, mixed combustion, mixed combustion, mixed combustion

National emission standard material 14 material 15 material 16 material 17 material 18 project GB 18285-2005 high idle speed

CO(%) 0.05 0.08 0.05 0.08 0.08 0.5

HC (ppm) 24 21 29 7 8 150

NOx (ppm) 15 4 13 20 10 Low idle speed

CO(%) 0.06 0.07 0.09 0.06 0.012 1.0

HC(ppm) 12 14 18 17 16 200

NOx (ppm) 20 27 11 25 30 Table 4 (continued 6)

As can be seen from Table 4, with the ether-based fuel and the mixed fuel of the present invention, the exhaust pollutants are significantly lower than the national standards of China. The acid-based fuel of the invention has the advantages of high octane number, increased power, low energy consumption, high cleanliness, good versatility, long shelf life and wide source. Due to the high octane number, the ether-based fuel of the present invention is more suitable for high compression ratio engines, thereby increasing power. In general, the acid-based fuel of the present invention has a high octane number, and can be added to the composition to increase the calorific value component, and in the case of adaptive adjustment of the vehicle (reducing the intake air and adjusting the ignition advance angle), The consumption rate is reduced by 5%. When mixed with gasoline, the energy consumption rate is reduced by more than 10%. The ether-based fuel of the invention is a high oxygen-containing fuel, and the combustion pollutants CO, C02+HC can be reduced by 50%-80%, and the carcinogen benzene and sulfur emission coefficient is zero due to complete combustion. At the same time, it can effectively remove the carbon supply from the vehicle and the combustion system, and prolong the service life of the engine. The versatility of the base fuel of the invention is good, and the engine structure and parameters can be changed without changing Direct use; and the inventors found that in the case of adjusting the small damper and adjusting the ignition advance angle, the engine power can be further improved and the operation can be stably performed. Blended with gasoline in any ratio. The induction period of the ether-based fuel of the present invention is more than double that of the national standard gasoline. Long-term stable storage, which can extend the time required for storage, transportation, sales and use.

Claims

Rights request

An ether-based fuel comprising diterpene, ethanol and tert-butanol.

2. The acid-based fuel of claim 1 wherein the dimethyl ether is present in an amount of from 4 to 15 parts by weight, the ethanol is present in an amount of from 85 to 96 parts by weight, and the tert-butanol is present in an amount of from 0.5 to 2 parts by weight, wherein the dimethyl ether and The total weight of ethanol is 100 parts by weight.

3. The ether-based fuel of claim 1 wherein the diterpene acid is present in an amount of from 8 to 15 parts by weight, the ethanol is present in an amount of from 85 to 92 parts by weight, and the tert-butanol is present in an amount of from 0.7 to 1.5 parts by weight, wherein the dimethyl ether and The total weight of ethanol is 100 parts by weight.

The acid-based fuel according to claim 1, wherein the dimethyl ether is contained in an amount of 10 to 15 parts by weight, the ethanol is contained in an amount of 85 to 90 parts by weight, and the tert-butanol is contained in an amount of 0.8 to 1.2 parts by weight, wherein dimethyl ether and The total weight of ethanol is 100 parts by weight.

The ether-based fuel according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the acid-based fuel is composed of dimethyl ether, ethanol and t-butanol.

6. The ether-based fuel of any of claims 1 - 5, wherein the acid-based fuel is an automotive fuel.

The ether-based fuel of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the ether-based fuel is a gasoline engine fuel.

A mixed fuel comprising the ether-based fuel of any one of claims 1 to 7 and at least one other fuel selected from the group consisting of gasoline and solvent oil No. 180.

9. The mixed fuel of claim 8, wherein the acid-based fuel is present in an amount of from 1 to 99% by weight of the mixed fuel.

10. The mixed fuel of claim 8 or 9, wherein the acid-based fuel is present in an amount of from 10 to 90% by weight of the mixed fuel.