WO2011085629A1 - Procédé pour trouver une direction - Google Patents

Procédé pour trouver une direction Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011085629A1
WO2011085629A1 PCT/CN2010/080138 CN2010080138W WO2011085629A1 WO 2011085629 A1 WO2011085629 A1 WO 2011085629A1 CN 2010080138 W CN2010080138 W CN 2010080138W WO 2011085629 A1 WO2011085629 A1 WO 2011085629A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
signal
antenna
analysis
ratio
direction finding
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PCT/CN2010/080138
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
张登科
Original Assignee
Zhang Dengke
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Publication date
Application filed by Zhang Dengke filed Critical Zhang Dengke
Priority to CN201080041822.4A priority Critical patent/CN102792177B/zh
Publication of WO2011085629A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011085629A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S3/00—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received
    • G01S3/02—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received using radio waves
    • G01S3/14—Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction
    • G01S3/28—Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction using amplitude comparison of signals derived simultaneously from receiving antennas or antenna systems having differently-oriented directivity characteristics
    • G01S3/30—Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction using amplitude comparison of signals derived simultaneously from receiving antennas or antenna systems having differently-oriented directivity characteristics derived directly from separate directional systems

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of signal analysis processing and wireless signal direction finding, and more particularly to a method for combining spatial signal analysis processing and signal source direction finding using a multi-antenna unit including a directional antenna, and the analysis processing method and/or Or a system of signal source direction finding methods.
  • Background technique
  • the composition and structure of the signal makes it difficult to determine whether there are co-channel interference and multipath interference, as well as the frequency range of the interference and the strength of the interference.
  • the current direction finding method differs greatly depending on the system. Some of the direction finding methods can only give a single degree of orientation, such as phase direction finding, large sound point direction finding, etc. Other methods can give multiple degrees of orientation, such as single antenna rotation direction finding and spatial spectrum estimation.
  • the electromagnetic space signal has great complexity. The existence of the same frequency signal, multipath signal, and the spectrum change and propagation fading of the signal itself make the existing direction finding technology system face a huge dilemma. Its direction finding accuracy and reliability The complexity of the electromagnetic environment has dropped dramatically.
  • the ratio of the received potentials is determined by the ratio of the two orthogonal Edeck antennas, and the channel equalization technique is used to eliminate the influence of the channel gain inconsistency.
  • this way of implementation is not desirable in terms of both cost of implementation and actual results.
  • the realization of multi-channel equalization will incur a high cost.
  • the ratio of the receiving potential is easily unstable due to the influence of noise and multipath signals. Aspects, using this ratio to estimate the orientation will inherently deviate due to the presence of multipath signals. Summary of the invention
  • An object of the present invention is to solve the technical problem that the existing direction finding method has inaccurate direction finding without prior analysis processing, and to provide an analysis and processing method capable of analyzing the composition and structure of the signal.
  • the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:
  • a multi-antenna unit signal analysis processing method includes the following steps: Step 1: Synchronously receiving signals by using first and second antennas, at least a first antenna is a directional antenna, and two antennas have Different directionality;
  • Step 2 Perform short-term statistical analysis on the signals received by the directional antenna and the other antenna simultaneously in a certain length of time window, and obtain a ratio of the short-term statistical analysis values of the two at an analysis point of the corresponding analysis domain (for example, when the statistical analysis method adopts the short-time Fourier transform, the amplitude spectrum ratio at a certain frequency point in the transformation result may be taken, wherein the length of the time window is adjustable, and is greater than all signals (herein all the main signals) , the longest multipath delay that does not consider the extremely weak signal that is reflected multiple times);
  • Step 3 Determine a composition of the signal and/or an interference strength according to the variation characteristic of the ratio.
  • the intensity of the interference to the signal is determined according to the statistical value ⁇ 2 , a calculation method of ⁇ 2
  • the ratio is; for natural numbers, i ⁇ j ⁇ M, M is a natural number greater than ⁇ ; when the statistic is greater than a certain threshold , the signal can be considered to have the same frequency heterogeneous signal.
  • the frequency domain is used for analysis, it is J'iy.
  • the logarithm of the formula is used to equalize the contribution of the numerator and denominator of the ratio. Since the interference signal is much higher than the original signal, the change of the ratio will also slow down.
  • the statistical value ⁇ 2 indicates the degree of mixing of the signal to a certain extent.
  • the statistical value ⁇ 2 Most likely to get the maximum.
  • the data valid in D( ⁇ , t., r) is selected, and the validity of /) t., r) is determined by the magnitude of the short-term statistical analysis values of the first and second antennas.
  • a second object of the present invention is to provide a simple and accurate direction finding method which can utilize signal composition information determined by the above analysis processing method.
  • the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: A multi-antenna unit signal direction finding method, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Synchronously receiving signals by using first and second antennas, wherein the first antenna is a rotatable directional antenna, The orientation of the first antenna can be relatively independently adjusted.
  • the second antenna is an omnidirectional antenna or a fixed directional antenna. When receiving a signal, the first antenna is rotated. If the second antenna is a directional antenna, it is rotated to an appropriate orientation.
  • Step 2 Perform short-term statistical analysis on the signals synchronously received by the first antenna and the second antenna in a certain length of time window, and obtain an amplitude spectrum ratio of the short-term statistical analysis values of the two in a frequency domain.
  • the length of the time window is greater than the longest multipath delay of all signals (here, all major signals, regardless of the extremely weak signal that is infinitely reflected);
  • Step 3 determining the correspondence between the amplitude spectrum ratio and the azimuth angle Relationship, and according to this, the data curve of the amplitude spectrum ratio with respect to the azimuth is obtained.
  • the method further includes a step 4 of estimating a possible number of incoming waves according to the data curve, and each of the incoming wave direction signal parameters, and using the determined values as initial values, using a directivity function of the first antenna.
  • the weighted superposition model solves the measured data curve by the numerical optimization method, and obtains the optimal value of the incoming wave direction and the signal parameters of each incoming wave direction.
  • a third object of the present invention is to provide an analysis processing and direction finding system which can realize the above analysis processing method and/or direction finding method.
  • a multi-antenna unit signal analysis processing and direction finding system comprising an antenna unit, a receiving unit, a data processing unit and a display unit, the antenna unit comprising at least two antennas, at least one of all antennas
  • the pair is a directional antenna, and the orientation of each directional antenna can be relatively independently adjusted; the signals respectively measured by the antennas are input to the data processing unit through the receiving unit for synchronous analysis processing, and the data processing unit pairs the directional antenna and Synchronizing the received signals of the other antenna to perform short-term statistical analysis within a certain length of time window, and obtaining an amplitude spectrum ratio of the short-term statistical analysis values of the two at an analysis point of the corresponding analysis domain, wherein the time The length of the window is greater than the longest multipath delay of all signals (here, all major signals, regardless of the extremely weak signal that is reflected multiple times); the result of the data processing unit analysis processing is input to the display unit for output display.
  • the receiving unit further includes a mixing circuit and a phase locked loop controlled by the data processing unit, and each signal input to the receiving unit is first input to the mixing circuit for down-converting step by step, forming and Each of the corresponding baseband signals is input to the data processing unit for short-term statistical analysis; the data processing unit sends a local oscillator signal phase lock signal to the receiving unit when starting short-term statistical analysis, stopping
  • the phase-locked loop tracks the phase of the signal frequency to keep the frequency and phase of the local oscillator signal down-converted for each signal.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the two-channel receiving mode of the analysis processing and direction finding system of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a block diagram of the single-channel fast switching receiving mode of the analysis processing and direction finding system of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 shows primary signal analysis data of the analysis processing method according to the present invention
  • FIG. 5 shows another signal analysis data of the analysis processing method according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 shows a primary source direction finding data according to the direction finding method according to the present invention, wherein the secondary signal direction uses an antenna with a weak directivity;
  • Fig. 7 shows another signal source direction finding data according to the direction finding method of the present invention, wherein the secondary signal direction finding employs a more directional antenna.
  • the analysis processing method and the direction finding method of the present invention are mainly implemented based on a directional antenna pattern and a combined use of multiple antennas.
  • the specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
  • the analysis processing and direction finding system of the present invention includes an antenna unit 1, a receiving unit 2, a data processing unit 3, and a display unit 4.
  • the antenna unit 1 includes at least two antennas, respectively The antenna 11 and the second antenna 12, at least one of the antennas is a directional antenna.
  • at least the first antenna 11 is a directional antenna, and the orientation of the directional antenna can be relatively independently adjusted, that is, it can be pointed Fixed, it can also be rotated (change its pointing at a certain speed); the data processing unit 3 performs synchronous analysis processing on the signal data measured by the two antenna combinations of the antenna unit including at least one directional antenna;
  • Unit 4 is used to display the results of the data processing unit analysis process.
  • the antenna unit 1 is typically configured as follows: (1) an omnidirectional antenna and a pair of directional antennas, the combination of which can be used for static applications such as signal analysis, that is, no rotation is required in a single analysis.
  • the application of the antenna can also be used for the dynamic application of the signal direction finding, that is, the application that needs to rotate the antenna; at the same time, the configuration does not excessively increase the size and weight of the antenna unit 1, so that the portable application form can be used, of course It can be used in the form of vehicles and fixed stations; (2)
  • the orientation of each directional antenna in the antenna unit 1 should be relatively independently adjustable, and the data processor unit 3 can calculate the optimal orientation of the directional antenna.
  • the directional antenna rotates, it should be carried out around the center of the antenna as much as possible, so as to reduce the phase shift of the signal caused by the rotation, thereby avoiding Bring model bias to signal analysis and direction finding. Since the general antenna shape has symmetry, the center of the antenna generally refers to the symmetrical center line of the antenna.
  • the receiving unit 2 generally has two or more receiving channels, and includes a synchronous control circuit, so that the signal parameters of each antenna unit can be measured synchronously.
  • two antennas are used, which can be configured correspondingly.
  • the receiving channels are respectively divided into a first receiving channel 21 corresponding to the first antenna 11 and a second receiving channel 22 corresponding to the second antenna 12.
  • a single channel as shown in FIG. 2 can also be used, which is fast through a single channel. Switching, the approximate synchronous reception of the two antenna signals is realized under the control of the synchronization circuit.
  • the receiving unit includes a mixing circuit and a phase locked loop controlled by the data processing unit 3, and the data processing unit 3 sends a local oscillator signal phase lock signal to the phase locked loop at the beginning of the analysis, so that after the data analysis starts, Keep the frequency and phase of the local oscillator signal unchanged.
  • the local oscillator signal is used to down-convert the sampled data, if the phase-locked loop continues to work during signal acquisition, the frequency and phase of the local oscillator signal may drift, resulting in signal reception characteristics changing with time and affecting signal analysis.
  • the stability and the numerical model of the source direction finding since the local oscillator signal is used to down-convert the sampled data, if the phase-locked loop continues to work during signal acquisition, the frequency and phase of the local oscillator signal may drift, resulting in signal reception characteristics changing with time and affecting signal analysis. The stability and the numerical model of the source direction finding.
  • the following describes the configuration of two sets of rotatable directional antennas.
  • the process of analyzing and processing the signals of the present invention is as follows:
  • the first antenna 11 is rotated, and the electric field intensity sampling value at a frequency point is recorded, and the possible directions of the incoming waves are initially determined, and the direction of the incoming waves of the two possible co-channel heterogeneous signals is screened therefrom;
  • the first and second antennas face the direction of the incoming waves of the two signals, and try to avoid mutual influence.
  • the data processing unit 3 analyzes and processes the two antenna signals to determine whether there are multipath signals and co-channel heterogeneous signals. And distinguish the multipath signal and the same frequency heterogeneous signal by the difference of the spectrum structure and the difference of the signal amplitude, and distinguish the direct signal and the multipath signal by using the difference of the signal amplitude, and initially determine the composition and structure of the signal.
  • the data processing unit 3 mainly analyzes and analyzes the characteristics of the directional antenna based on the gain of the different directional signals arriving at the directional antenna. The analysis and processing method of the data processing unit 3 will be described in detail below.
  • the difference of the same-frequency heterogeneous signal is mainly reflected in the spectrum structure and the spectrum variation law.
  • the spectrum structure includes the center frequency, the frequency bandwidth and the spectrum shape.
  • the spectrum variation law mainly refers to the variation of the amplitude and phase of each frequency component of the signal with time. .
  • the set signal uses the baseband or baseband modulation signal, and the high frequency modulation and demodulation process is not analyzed.
  • the high frequency modulation and demodulation process is not analyzed.
  • the number of multipath signals of the signal / 2 (t) is m_l, n- ⁇ , m, n are greater than or equal to The natural number of 1.
  • Step 1 Keep the main rotating antenna and the auxiliary rotating antenna fixed at a certain angle and roughly point to the possible incoming wave direction; wherein the two antennas have different directivity, the so-called different directivity may be the directivity of the two antennas.
  • the functions are different (so that their directivity is different at any time), or the directivity functions of the two antennas are the same, but the antennas are pointing differently;
  • Step 2 Perform short-term statistical analysis on the signals simultaneously received by the two fixed antennas, and obtain the amplitude spectrum ratios of the short-term statistical analysis values at a frequency point.
  • the two fixed antenna units can be synchronously received.
  • the magnitude of the short-term statistical analysis values of the signals collectively determine the validity of the amplitude spectral ratio.
  • the short-term statistical analysis method used in the analysis below is the short-time Fourier spectrum calculation value in the time window. Of course, other statistical values may be used for some applications, such as integral measurement of voltage over time in time window, wavelet transform, and the like.
  • the time window for short-time statistical analysis of the signal needs to have a certain length, which is greater than the longest delay of all the major multipath signals.
  • the time is The length of the window is also greater than the time interval of channel switching. If the length of the time window does not satisfy the above requirements, the ratio of the short-term statistical analysis values of the signal may also be sharply fluctuated without interference of the same-frequency heterogeneous signal.
  • the amplitude spectrum ratio may fluctuate with time, which also illustrates the prior art dual channel ratio direction finding method.
  • the ratio of the voltage value (corresponding to the length of the time window is 0) is not desirable because it may fluctuate drastically due to the influence of the multipath signal.
  • the length of the time window is generally greater than or equal to 3 microseconds, otherwise the stability of the signal short-term statistical analysis value ratio will be seriously affected.
  • the larger the time window length the more advantageous it is to reduce the effect of the multipath signal on the stability of the ratio.
  • the time window cannot be too long.
  • the signal should be fully down-converted before statistical analysis is performed.
  • the signal band can be moved to a position of 0 Hz to 300 kHz by analog or digital filtering and mixing methods, and then the signal is statistically analyzed.
  • the statistical analysis uses the short-time Fourier transform
  • the multipath delay T corresponds to the phase shift of e- 7 ⁇ , which brings many difficulties to the model analysis, and also makes the ratio of the short-term statistical analysis value of the signal with time.
  • the fluctuation increases, but when the frequency is reduced to baseband processing, if the multipath delay is not too large, the term is usually close to 1, which simplifies the signal model and reduces the influence of the multipath delay contrast value fluctuation.
  • the baseband width referred to here does not exceed the signal bandwidth.
  • t is the starting point of the data recording time and r is the length of the data recording time window (generally lms)
  • G 1 (jw 0 , t, T) F 1 (jw 0 , t, T) M(w 0 ) + F 2 (jw 0 , t, T)N(w 0 )
  • the short-time spectrum of the signal measured by the two antennas in the time window is at w.
  • the single-frequency point amplitude spectrum ratio is: ⁇ / . , 1 G, ( jw , t, ⁇ ) I
  • the ratio) (jV., t, ⁇ ) is valid by G. , t, ⁇ ) and G 2 G. , , r) jointly decides that if both are small, that is, a short-term statistical analysis value is less than a constant, and another short-term statistical analysis value is less than a constant " 2 , then the ratio has no validity, where;
  • the mode is not unique and can be selected according to the actual measurement environment, such as a value greater than 2 ⁇ 5db of the background noise, or a quarter of the statistical average of the spectrum of the frequency signal. If one or both of them are large, the ratio is valid. Due to the value and signal with ⁇ 1
  • ⁇ M (w 0 ) ⁇ ⁇ N(w 0 ) ⁇ )( ., ,r) has a larger range of variation.
  • the limit case is that when the directivity of the two directional antennas is good enough, the directions of the two different frequency signals are sufficiently different, so that each pair of directional antennas receives only one of the direct and multipath signals of one of the signals.
  • ( ⁇ ., , ⁇ ) varies from zero to infinity.
  • the influence of background noise should be considered.
  • the influence of background noise is that a constant is superimposed on the numerator and denominator of ( ⁇ ., , ⁇ ). Therefore, the background noise should be measured first in the analysis process, and then The corresponding background noise estimates are subtracted from the numerator and denominator of ⁇ ., , ⁇ ).
  • the same frequency heterogeneous signal is at the frequency point w.
  • the frequency point w. ⁇ , , ⁇ will change with time t , two sources /; (0, / 2 (0 spectrum change is greater, the difference between (,, ⁇ ) is more obvious.
  • the limit case is for the same frequency single
  • the fixed source of the two different locations of the communication, ,, r) will be in two constants
  • n is a natural number greater than or equal to 2, from which the number of sources can be estimated.
  • one of the antennas receives a relatively small signal in the direction of its alignment, it may cause the (..., ⁇ ) change to be inconspicuous and subject to systematic deviation. In this case, a proper fixed gain can be applied to the corresponding receiving path.
  • Make) G. , , r) change significantly; can also adjust the phase of the local oscillator signal to be as close as possible to the phase of the signal to be received, to enhance the receiving effect of the signal to be received and weaken the receiving effect of other signals.
  • the fluctuation caused by the multipath signal in the time window can be reduced by increasing the length of the time window, while the fluctuation of the index £>(w,,,r) caused by the same-frequency heterogeneous signal is independent of the length of the time window.
  • the fluctuation of the index (w, ,,r) is very obvious, it can be determined that there is a co-channel heterogeneous signal.
  • the fluctuation of the index £>(,,, is small, the fluctuation may be caused by a small inter-frequency heterogeneous signal, or it may be caused only by a multipath signal, which can be based on the fluctuation of £>(,,,r).
  • the time window for analysis can take the reference value 1ms.
  • the frequency point ⁇ > index can be separately examined.
  • the variation over time, including the maximum, minimum, and variance (and several time windows) within the indicator £>( ., , ⁇ ) is related to the variance
  • the statistical value ⁇ 2 of the DOW when the time t changes, is greater than a certain value , it can be considered that there is necessarily a co-channel interference.
  • the two signal sources reach the system, the closer the signal power is, the more the relative change of the spectrum is, and the larger the statistical value ⁇ 2 is.
  • the statistical value ⁇ 2 is less than or equal to a certain value C 2 , it is generally considered that there is only one incoming wave direction; when the statistical value ⁇ 2 is greater than the constant ⁇ less than or equal to ⁇ , it is generally considered that there is no co-channel interference and multipath interference exists, but When the statistical value ⁇ 2 is less than or equal to ⁇ , the possibility of co-channel interference is not excluded.
  • ⁇ and ⁇ need to be selected according to the actual measurement environment.
  • multiple pre-analysis can be performed in the actual analysis, and according to the pre-analysis statistics.
  • the values select constants ⁇ and ⁇ , and the constants ⁇ and ⁇ increase with increasing , and decrease with increasing length of time window.
  • the time window is lengthened, the values of ⁇ and ⁇ are correspondingly smaller, that is, the resolution is improved.
  • the time window should not be too long to be much longer than the interference signal length, resulting in smoothing of the variance.
  • the average value of the index ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ at the main frequency point in the frequency band; ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ ) can be determined according to the change of time, so that a better result can be obtained.
  • Stability where ⁇ is the number of selected frequencies. The linear difference in the reception frequency characteristics of the two channels does not affect the stability of the index ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ), and therefore the equalization of the reception channel is low.
  • the normalized spectrum is obtained by dividing the spectrum in the frequency band of the two antenna signals by the respective maximum values ( ⁇ , and (3 ⁇ 4(> ⁇ , in the presence of co-channel interference).
  • co-channel interference does not exist and multipath interference exists
  • the normalized spectrum will also appear certain. The difference is only that the difference is not significant.
  • the difference in the receiving frequency characteristics of the two channels (mainly caused by factors such as frequency nonlinearity) also causes the difference in the normalized spectrum, which can improve the equalization of the receiving channel.
  • the difference in normalized spectrum can also be used as an important indicator for determining co-channel interference and multi-path interference. - - When the same-frequency heterogeneous signal is not found for each possible incoming wave direction, it can be judged that there is no interference signal of the same-frequency heterogeneous signal or the same-frequency heterogeneous in the space.
  • ⁇ ⁇ , , ⁇ caused by the same-frequency heterogeneous signal fluctuates rapidly with time. If there is no same-frequency heterogeneous signal, if ⁇ ' ⁇ , ⁇ ) fluctuates greatly with time, It may be caused by two factors: First, the change of the position of the source, which leads to the change of the propagation path and the reflection and refraction paths; and second, the change of the propagation channel. However, in a general electromagnetic environment, the propagation channel does not change rapidly, even if the change only affects the propagation of those minor multipath signals. Therefore, the main factor under normal conditions is the change in the position of the source, from which it can be judged whether the source is a mobile source.
  • the transmission source is not a moving source
  • ⁇ ' ⁇ , ⁇ fluctuates greatly with time, it can only be caused by a change in the propagation environment. This does not happen in a normal communication environment.
  • the transceiving between the wireless signal source and the receiving system can be frequency hopping to prevent external narrowband electromagnetic interference.
  • the technical solution of the present invention focuses on three key technical features: one is to synchronously receive signals by using the first antenna and the second antenna, wherein at least the first antenna is a rotatable directional antenna; and the second is to use a certain length of time window. Short-term statistical analysis; The third is to use the ratio of the short-term statistical analysis values to complete the analysis and direction finding. Since the technical solution of the present invention utilizes the ratio analysis method, the specific implementation method of the short-term statistical analysis is not a necessary technical feature for implementing the technical solution of the present invention, and a wavelet can be used in addition to the short-time Fourier spectrum analysis. Analysis and other analytical methods, that is, analysis at various scales in the scale domain.
  • the traditional method of amplitude measurement of rotating antenna is affected by many factors, and the accuracy and reliability of direction finding are very limited. These factors include changes in signal levels during rotation, multipath propagation, and interference from coherent heterogeneous signals. Traditional methods only consider the statistical maximum and minimum values of the passing signals (ie, large and small points). To determine the direction of the incoming wave, there are major limitations.
  • the multi-antenna unit signal analysis processing and direction finding system of the present invention performs the accurate measurement of the signal by combining the multi-antenna unit and the directional function of the directional antenna on the basis of the above-mentioned signal analysis processing. to. The influence of the multipath signal is excluded, and the orientation of the direct signal is obtained.
  • One of the main methods is the amplitude direction finding method based on the amplitude directional function superposition model regression analysis. Among them, the regression analysis is a kind of optimization method for numerical analysis. Here, numerical analysis methods such as least squares method can also be used.
  • the amplitude directionality function of the rotating antenna is ⁇ ⁇ ).
  • the time window of the short-time Fourier transform is selected as lms, the angle at which the antenna rotates in the time window is 0.36°.
  • the directional function can be seen as a constant in this process. Of course, this condition can be better satisfied by slowing down the rotation speed of the main rotating antenna or shortening the time window. If the time window - ) is regarded as a constant, the short-time Fourier spectrum q( t,r) of the signal measured by the main rotating antenna in a certain time window can be approximated as:
  • the short-time spectrum of the signal measured by the auxiliary rotating antenna is at w.
  • the spectral value can still be expressed as:
  • This ratio can also be expressed as a logarithmic difference.
  • the effective degree of (jV., t, ⁇ ) here is determined by G 2 (>v., t, ⁇ ), which can be set in practical use. If (3 ⁇ 4(> 3 ⁇ 4 ) is less than the constant " 3 , then it is considered The ratio has no validity. - The number is determined not to be unique. It can be selected according to the actual measurement environment, such as a value greater than 2 ⁇ 5db of background noise, or 1/4 of the statistical average of the spectrum of the frequency signal.
  • each incoming signal has three parameters: amplitude coefficient ⁇ : u , incoming wave azimuth and delay time r h ., where the amplitude coefficient ⁇ : u may no longer reflect the original relative amplitude of the signal in space, but Multiplied by a number of different coefficients during the downconversion process.
  • an optimal solution for the measured data can be obtained by using an optimal analysis method of numerical analysis.
  • a nonlinear optimization numerical analysis method can be used to perform regression analysis on the measured actual data according to the above model, thereby obtaining an accurate solution vector, and some other types of numerical methods can also be used to obtain an optimal solution.
  • the data measured by one rotation of the directional main rotating antenna can estimate the envelope position and amplitude of each incoming direction signal, and the delay is generally arbitrarily within a certain range, and the amplitude is obtained.
  • the delay of the maximum path can be taken as 0.
  • the estimated number of directions of the incoming wave is taken as the dimension of the model (ie, the number of directions of the incoming wave), and the estimated values of the parameters are substituted into the model as the initial value for optimization operation, such as using matlab software.
  • the nonlinear fitting algorithm described by the nl inf it () function performs the optimization operation to obtain the optimal solution and the error value under the optimal solution. If the error value is large, the dimension of the model can be further optimized.
  • the general method is to subtract the estimated value of the low-dimensional model from the original data, and then use the difference to estimate the new possible incoming signal.
  • the result of the optimal solution of the incoming wave signal changes with time, and it can also be judged whether the signal source is a moving source. It is necessary to emphasize that the delay time for solving the above model has a certain uncertainty, and its value is 2 , which is a period.
  • the range of values of ⁇ 1 can be used to exclude the blur caused by periodicity, which is also a benefit of signal baseband processing.
  • the delay difference between BC and AB direction, ⁇ can also be calculated from the previous solution result, so if the value can be measured, the value can be obtained, and the azimuth of ⁇ is known, thus determining the position of the source ⁇ . .
  • the measurement can measure the position of the reflector intersecting the BC direction and can be realized by physical ranging such as line-of-sight measurement.
  • the main rotating antenna In the absence of co-channel interference, due to the influence of multipath signals, the main rotating antenna is measured at a constant speed.
  • Z v. , , r There may be some high frequency rapid fluctuations that affect Z v. , , r) the smoothness of the curve, and may also affect the regression analysis. Since the main direction range of the Fourier transform of the standard pattern curve and its multipath superposition curve is limited, it can be ⁇ . , , ⁇ ) The data is filtered, and the extra components (generally high frequency components) are filtered out to obtain a smoother curve, and then regression analysis is performed.
  • the data required for direction finding of one of the signal sources can be obtained by a method of comprehensive selection in the frequency domain, the air domain, and the time domain.
  • the characteristics of this type of data are relatively smooth, conforming to the characteristics of the standard pattern curve and its multipath superposition curve, and the error obtained by regression analysis is small and the model is highly consistent. If the resulting set of data (not necessarily a complete cycle) meets the above characteristics, it can be called a coincidence test.
  • the spectrums of the two sources overlap, but there may be only partial overlap. Through the previous signal analysis, we can find the unoverlapping parts and select the frequency points from them. Direction finding.
  • the auxiliary rotating antenna is directed to one of the signal sources, and try to avoid the incoming wave of the other signal source. If the methods selected in the frequency domain and the airspace do not achieve the expected results, we can comprehensively adopt the methods of frequency domain, airspace and time domain selection. That is, the auxiliary rotating antenna is pointed to a suitable position or an omnidirectional antenna is used as described above, and the main rotating antenna is repeatedly rotated at a constant speed for each frequency point.
  • the curve is selected. If a certain frequency component of the same frequency signal disappears or is extremely small within a certain period of time, it is possible to obtain the curve data that meets the direction finding requirements.
  • the frequency domain analysis method can also be replaced by a wavelet transform or the like.
  • the same-frequency heterogeneous signal exists but the signal is small, it is also conceivable to filter the ⁇ (., data, filter out those high-frequency components to obtain a smoother curve, and then perform regression analysis.
  • the interference signal can be the direction in which the maximum fluctuation of the curve (the azimuth corresponding to the point at which the amplitude spectrum is instantaneously changed) is the maximum possible direction of the incoming wave.
  • - - one of the preferred embodiments of the invention one of the preferred embodiments of the invention:
  • the first antenna 1 can adopt directional antennas of different shapes, but should be light and easy to carry.
  • the double-strand cable 14 is used to transmit two different antenna signals.
  • the anti-coupling bracket 16 is used to keep the two antennas on different horizontal planes and keep a certain distance between them, so as to prevent the antennas from interacting with each other when receiving signals.
  • the antenna unit 1 can also be designed in other ways. For example, when the directional antenna adopts a composite loop antenna, the output of the calibrated antenna in the composite loop antenna can be simultaneously used as the output of one omnidirectional antenna.
  • the anti-coupling bracket 16 can also be bent back in a certain arc and has a large height so that when the user holds the device, the omnidirectional antenna 12 is vertically above the top of the user's head.
  • the hand-held direction finding device rotates the measurement results to screen out the possible signal directions, and the directional antennas are sequentially pointed to these directions. Then, based on the measured values of the short-time spectral ratios of the signals measured by the directional antenna and the omnidirectional antenna at each frequency point, the presence or absence of the same-frequency heterogeneous signal is analyzed.
  • the directional antenna receives a relatively small signal in a certain direction of the wave, so that the ratio change is not significant and the system deviation is easy, a fixed gain can be added to the directional antenna receiving path, or multiplied by a fixed multiple before the ratio is taken. Make (iv., t, r) change relatively significant.
  • the signal source may be the moving source.
  • Figures 4 and 5 are graphs showing the results of one experiment.
  • the three-way frequency modulated actual voice signal is used.
  • the three voice signals are different. One of them is modulated in a lower frequency band, and only the multipath signal interference exists in its passband. The other two
  • the road signals are modulated in the same higher frequency band and constitute the same frequency interference.
  • the direction of the directional antenna diagram in FIG standard heart-shaped directivity function / ( ⁇ + ⁇ 8, wherein, k 0, k x are constants, the multipath reflection coefficient is typically 0.5, multipath
  • the angle between the arrival direction of the signal and the direction of arrival of the direct signal is typically 45 degrees.
  • Figure 4 shows the maximum and minimum values of the short-time spectral ratio ⁇ , , ⁇ ) of each frequency point over time in time.
  • the maximum value is shown by the solid line, and the minimum value is shown by the dotted line.
  • some frequency points with smaller amplitude values have a short-time spectral ratio > ⁇ , which is directly assigned to a zero value.
  • the * line shows the short-time spectrum ratio at a certain frequency in the lower frequency band, and ⁇ ) changes with time. The frequency is affected by multipath interference, and the index fluctuation is relatively flat;
  • the solid line in 5 shows the short-time spectral ratio ⁇ , , , ⁇ at a certain frequency point in the higher frequency band as a function of time.
  • the frequency point is more severe due to the presence of co-channel interference.
  • - When the same-frequency heterogeneous signal is not found for each possible incoming wave direction, it can be judged that there is no interference signal of the same-frequency heterogeneous signal or the same-frequency heterogeneous source in the space.
  • the ratio loses its validity and a weak warning sign should be given. Since the antenna signal is generally down-converted to a baseband signal and then processed, the value of 1 ⁇ 43 ⁇ 4 is generally small, and in the case of handheld direction-finding equipment, the multi-path signal delay with a relatively large amplitude is generally small, so e can Approximate is taken as 1. IJ:
  • D0. , i, r curve can be regarded as a standard directional function with different amplitude coefficients, different angular offsets and the same angular expansion coefficient. In this case, it is easier to obtain DO'i3 ⁇ 4,i,r) Correspondence between data and antenna angle.
  • the superposition result can be expressed as ⁇ 0 + ⁇ , 008(6 ⁇ - ⁇ ), which can be reduced to the cosine form, where , . , are all constants.
  • the amplitude of the general rotating antenna is affected by various factors such as the change of the signal level during the rotation, the interference of the multipath signal and the same-frequency heterogeneous signal, and only considers the statistical maximum or minimum value of the signal (ie, the large sound point). And small sound points) to determine the direction of the incoming wave, there are major limitations.
  • the main rotating antenna rotates with time
  • the auxiliary rotating antenna substantially aligned with the incoming wave direction
  • the omnidirectional antenna is fixed, and the signal level measured by each antenna and the angular position of the main rotating antenna are simultaneously recorded.
  • the single-frequency point spectral ratio and the angular position of the main rotating antenna theoretically constitute a pattern of the main rotating antenna.
  • the above calculation result can be regarded as a weighted superposition of a plurality of patterns.
  • the data required for direction finding of one of the signal sources can be obtained by a method of comprehensive selection in the frequency domain, the air domain, and the time domain.
  • the direction of the incoming wave can also be measured by the fixed application of the omnidirectional antenna and the two directional antennas, and the two directional antennas are roughly aligned with the direction of the incoming wave, and the two directional antennas Open a certain angle between them.
  • the directional antenna and the omnidirectional antenna synchronize the measured short-time spectrum at the frequency point w.
  • the ratio of the spectrum is /).

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Position Fixing By Use Of Radio Waves (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention porte sur un procédé pour analyser et traiter des signaux d'unités d'antennes multiples, sur un procédé pour trouver une direction et sur un système pour analyser et traiter des signaux d'unités d'antennes multiples et pour trouver une direction, lesquels concernent le domaine de l'analyse et du traitement du signal et le domaine de la découverte de direction d'un signal sans fil. Le procédé pour analyser et traiter des signaux et le procédé pour trouver une direction mettent en œuvre : l'adoption de deux antennes avec des motifs directionnels différents; la réalisation de statistiques de courte durée et l'analyse sur une fenêtre de temps ayant une certaine longueur des signaux reçus en synchronisme par les deux antennes, respectivement, de façon à obtenir un rapport de statistiques de courte durée et de valeurs d'analyse de signaux des deux antennes en un point d'analyse dans un domaine d'analyse correspondant; la détermination des composantes du signal et/ou de l'intensité d'interférence en fonction de la caractéristique de variation du rapport; ou l'obtention du graphique de données du rapport en fonction de l'azimut, puis l'analyse et le traitement du graphique de données de façon à dériver des paramètres tels que la direction d'arrivée du signal. La présente invention porte spécialement sur un procédé de localisation de station unique. La présente invention procure une base fiable pour un traitement du signal et une découverte de direction de signal par analyse des composantes et d'une structure d'un signal, et améliore la compréhension suffisante des circonstances électromagnétiques à l'aide de la découverte de la direction vraisemblable et exacte et de la localisation de la ressource de signal.
PCT/CN2010/080138 2010-01-18 2010-12-22 Procédé pour trouver une direction WO2011085629A1 (fr)

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CN102792177B (zh) * 2010-01-18 2014-10-01 张登科 测向方法
CN103581986B (zh) * 2012-07-30 2017-03-01 京信通信系统（中国）有限公司 一种信道检测方法及装置
CN102983899B (zh) * 2012-11-30 2014-12-03 哈尔滨工业大学 基于天线协同的蜂窝系统上行链路干扰抑制方法
CN103886192B (zh) * 2014-03-13 2017-01-11 西安电子科技大学昆山创新研究院 基于二次规划的运动目标单站定位方法
CN104198985B (zh) * 2014-09-24 2016-08-24 中国电子科技集团公司第五十四研究所 单天线测向方法
CN107748350A (zh) * 2017-08-30 2018-03-02 深圳市盛路物联通讯技术有限公司 一种基于多天线的定位方法及系统
CN108226852B (zh) * 2017-09-01 2022-01-28 国家无线电监测中心 基于空中无线电监测平台的无人机操作者定位系统及方法
TWI807115B (zh) * 2019-07-01 2023-07-01 群邁通訊股份有限公司 毫米波信號的通訊路徑確定方法、測量裝置及測量控制器
CN110572227A (zh) * 2019-09-19 2019-12-13 河海大学 一种用于导航自定位的数字广播电视信号认知方法
CN110794362B (zh) * 2019-09-30 2022-04-12 西安空间无线电技术研究所 一种短脉冲高功率微波快速测向系统和方法

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