WO2011085488A1 - Tissu de protection à haute visibilité - Google Patents

Tissu de protection à haute visibilité Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011085488A1
WO2011085488A1 PCT/CA2011/000047 CA2011000047W WO2011085488A1 WO 2011085488 A1 WO2011085488 A1 WO 2011085488A1 CA 2011000047 W CA2011000047 W CA 2011000047W WO 2011085488 A1 WO2011085488 A1 WO 2011085488A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fabric
fibers
aramid
yarn
garment
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CA2011/000047
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Raouf Mikhail
Harry Langburt
Zeev Langburt
Original Assignee
Raouf Mikhail
Harry Langburt
Zeev Langburt
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Raouf Mikhail, Harry Langburt, Zeev Langburt filed Critical Raouf Mikhail
Publication of WO2011085488A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011085488A1/fr

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • D02G3/02—Yarns or threads characterised by the material or by the materials from which they are made
    • D02G3/04—Blended or other yarns or threads containing components made from different materials
    • D02G3/047—Blended or other yarns or threads containing components made from different materials including aramid fibres
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • D02G3/44—Yarns or threads characterised by the purpose for which they are designed
    • D02G3/443—Heat-resistant, fireproof or flame-retardant yarns or threads
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • D02G3/22—Yarns or threads characterised by constructional features, e.g. blending, filament/fibre
    • D02G3/32—Elastic yarns or threads ; Production of plied or cored yarns, one of which is elastic
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
    • D03D15/50—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the properties of the yarns or threads
    • D03D15/513—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the properties of the yarns or threads heat-resistant or fireproof
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
    • D03D15/50—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the properties of the yarns or threads
    • D03D15/54—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the properties of the yarns or threads coloured
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
    • D06P1/00—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
    • D06P1/39—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using acid dyes
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
    • D06P1/00—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
    • D06P1/41—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using basic dyes
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
    • D06P3/00—Special processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the material treated
    • D06P3/82—Textiles which contain different kinds of fibres
    • D06P3/8204—Textiles which contain different kinds of fibres fibres of different chemical nature
    • D06P3/8219—Textiles which contain different kinds of fibres fibres of different chemical nature mixtures of fibres containing hydroxyl and amide groups
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41—WEARING APPAREL
    • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D31/00—Materials specially adapted for outerwear
    • A41D31/04—Materials specially adapted for outerwear characterised by special function or use
    • A41D31/32—Retroreflective
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2331/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products
    • D10B2331/02—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyamides
    • D10B2331/021—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyamides aromatic polyamides, e.g. aramides
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/30—Woven fabric [i.e., woven strand or strip material]
    • Y10T442/3049—Including strand precoated with other than free metal or alloy

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to fabric and garments, which are easily seen. Such fabrics and garments may be used as safety apparel.
  • high visibility garments can greatly reduce the danger to a worker in occupations such as traffic control, construction, electrical maintenance, road maintenance, and equipment operation.
  • a goal of high visibility garments is to make the presence of the worker known to others in the vicinity, thereby giving others an opportunity to warn the worker and/or take action to minimize or eliminate a danger.
  • Previous attempts to achieve a high visibility garment have used heat retardant combinations of modacrylic, cotton, polyester, linen, wool and other similar natural and man-made fibers, but these provide a lower level of personal protection per weight of fabric.
  • these garments have proven deficient because they either lose their fire retardant characteristics gradually through washing, or offer inferior personal protection from heat or fire.
  • Aramid-based yarns and/or fibers perform well in a vertical flame test, they are difficult to dye. A lengthy and harsh process is required in order to dye Aramid- based yarns, and the available colors are limited in number.
  • the traditional dyeing process for Aramid fibers requires high temperature and a long time, and the strong chemicals used will, in most cases, chemically "burn” or destroy other fire-resistant fibers that might be desired in a yarn.
  • the term "Aramid” is used to identify a class of aromatic polyamide fibers in which the chain molecules are highly oriented along the fiber axis.
  • Fleece is used in standalone garments and as liners for garments. Fleece has also been produced from fire resistant yarns, and fleece has proven useful in protecting workers from direct and indirect heat, including heat produced by an explosion. Fleece has also proven useful in protecting workers from electric arcs. [0007] Although fleece is established as providing protection from cold weather, and as an insulator, fleece does not perform well in cold and windy conditions. Attempts to overcome this deficiency have been made by using a woven fabric to form the outside surface of the garment, and using the fleece as an internal liner. Other garment designs have laminated a thin membrane or fabric on the inside surface of the fleece fabric in order to prevent wind from reaching the wearer.
  • Such garments prevent wind from reaching the wearer, but they also prevent air from leaving the garment, thereby preventing perspiration produced by the wearer from leaving the garment. By holding the wearer's perspiration against the wearer, the wearer becomes uncomfortable and may become cold. In addition, such garments are expensive.
  • the invention may be embodied as a fabric which achieves the high visibility standards of ANSI/ISEA 107 2004 or its Canadian counterpart CSA Z-96. To achieve those standards, the fabric must meet the chromaticity and luminosity criteria. Currently, three colors that meet the chromaticity criteria are: (i) "fluorescent yellow-green", (ii) “fluorescent orange-red” and (iii) "fluorescent red”. In order to meet the luminosity criteria, the luminance factor must be equal to or greater than 0.76 for fluorescent yellow-green, 0.40 for fluorescent orange-red, and 0.25 for fluorescent red.
  • a fabric or yarn that meets both the chromaticity and luminosity criteria of ANSI/ISEA 107 2004 or its Canadian counterpart CSA Z-96 is referred to herein as having "high visibility” or as being “highly visible”.
  • Such a fabric may be fashioned into a garment, which can protect the person wearing the garment from dangerous situations
  • the fabric may be of the type formed of warp and weft yarns.
  • One or more of the yarns may have one or more types of Aramid- based fibers, and one or more types of dyeable fibers.
  • the word "fiber” includes staples and filaments.
  • the dyeable fibers are present in an amount which can achieve the high visibility standards of ANSI/ISEA 107 2004 or CSA Z-96.
  • the dyeable fiber may be a viscose flame resistant fiber, such as that which is sold under the name "Lenzing FR".
  • the dyeable fiber may be: polyester, nylon, rayon, modacrylic, cotton, wool, linen or combinations thereof.
  • modacrylic identifies long-chain synthetic polymer fiber composed of less than 85%, but at least 35% weight acrylonitrile units, except when the polymer qualifies as rubber.
  • the fabric may include a dye, which colors the dyeable fibers so that the fabric meets ANSI/ISEA 107 2004 or CSA Z-96.
  • the dyeable fiber may be dyed before combining it with the Aramid-based fiber, or after combining it with the Aramid-based fiber, or may be dyed after the yarn has been formed into fabric.
  • the Aramid-based fibers and the dyeable fibers are intimately blended together in the yarn.
  • the amount of Aramid-based fiber in the yarn may be at least 20 weight percent and not more than 40 weight percent. However, depending on the dyeable fiber, the amount of Aramid-based fiber may be less than 20 weight percent. Also, it is believed that it may be possible to obtain a high visibility fabric from yarns having up to 45 weight percent or even 50 weight percent Aramid-based fiber.
  • the fabric may meet the standards of ASTM F1506 and/or ASTM D4108-87.
  • Another embodiment of the invention has at least two types of yarn.
  • One of the types is used to form a core and the other type is used to form a face of the fabric.
  • the face yarn may be dyed to meet the high visibility standards of ANSI/ISEA 107 2004 or CSA Z-96.
  • the core yarn includes Aramid-based fibers so that the fabric meets the thermal protection performance standards of ASTM D4108-87 and/or the vertical flame test performance standards of ASTM F1506.
  • the face yarn may include viscose fibers, which may be fire-resistant.
  • the face yarn may include at least about 80 weight percent viscose fibers and at most about 20 weight percent Aramid-based fibers.
  • the Aramid-based fibers of the core yarn and/or the face yarn may have
  • the face yarn may be formed into a fleece.
  • the face yarn may contact the core yarn, but be free to move relative to the core yarn.
  • the face yarn may contact or be attached to the core yarn in such a way as to prevent movement of the face yarn from one side of the structure formed by the core yarn to the other side of the core structure.
  • the invention includes methods of making fabrics. Examples of such methods are described herein. Brief Description Of The Drawings
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of fabric according to the invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic of a napping operation
  • Figure 3 is schematic of a cutting instrument, which can be used to crop or
  • Figure 4 is a schematic of fabric after having been cropped and sheared;
  • Figure 5 is a flow chart of a method according to the invention; and
  • Figure 6 is a flow chart of another method according to the invention.
  • the present invention may be used to provide a high visibility fabric, which may be used to make garments. Furthermore, the present invention may be used to make a garment that is not only highly visible but is also fire resistant and/or protective with respect to electric arcs, and which also provides insulation to the wearer in cold weather.
  • One embodiment of the invention is a fabric formed from at least two yarns.
  • Figure 1 depicts features of such a fabric 10.
  • the fabric 10 has a first yarn 13 that is used to make a core, and a second yarn 16 that is used to make a face of the fabric 10.
  • the face yarn 16 forms the outside appearance of the fabric 10.
  • the face yarn 16 may be used on two sides of the core structure, so that the appearance of the fabric 10 is uniform.
  • the face yarn 16 may substantially overlay the yarn 13 that is used for the core so that the core is not visible.
  • the face yarn 16 is formed from a yarn that can be dyed to make the fabric 10 highly visible, and the core may be formed to provide protection from flames, excessive heat and/or electric arc. In this manner, a highly visible protective garment may be produced.
  • a fabric 10 according to the invention may include a blend of aromatic polyamide (a.k.a. "Aramid”) yarns and other fibers.
  • Aramid yarn provides protection from fire and will perform well in a vertical flame test.
  • Aramid yarn is known to provide lower char length, and no drip or melt, and a good level of TPP ("thermal protection performance"), which is often measured by ASTM D4108-87.
  • Aramid yarn is known also for providing greater protection from flash fire and electric arcs, which may result from electrical explosions.
  • ASTM F 1506-08 outlines the performance specifications for flame resistant textile materials used in wearing apparel of electrical workers who may be exposed to momentary electric arc and related thermal hazards.
  • Aramid fibers have high strength, due to the fact that the chain molecules of the aromatic polyamide are highly oriented along the fiber axis.
  • the core yarn 13 of the fabric 10 may be made from Aramid-based fibers, which may include Aramid fibers, meta-Aramid fibers, para-Aramid fibers, or a blend of one or more of such fibers.
  • Meta-Aramid fiber which handles similarly to traditional textile apparel fibers, has excellent resistance to heat, as it neither melts nor ignites in normal levels of oxygen.
  • Para-Aramid fiber which has a much higher tenacity and elastic modulus, may be used not only for its fire resistant qualities, but also for its strength and resistance to cutting and abrasion.
  • the fabric designer may select the particular Aramid-based fiber for use in creating a yarn, depending on the desired performance characteristics.
  • Other types of fibers may be used depending on the desired performance characteristics, such as cost, TPP, arc thermal performance value (a.k.a. ATPV), anti-static, anti-microbial, durability, and density.
  • a conductive fiber such as those made of carbon or metal, may be included in the yarn.
  • a fabric 10 according to the invention may use a yarn 16 for the face of the fabric 10 that has fibers which can be dyed for high visibility.
  • a yarn 16 may be formed by blending Aramid-based fibers and/or Aramid-based yarn with other fibers and/or yarns which are not Aramid-based.
  • the non-Aramid-based material may be flame resistant or non-flame resistant, but the non-Aramid-based material is capable of being dyed so that the yarn 16 and resulting fabric 10 meets minimum requirements for high visibility set out in standards such as ANSI/ISEA 107 2004 and in CSA Z-96.
  • viscose flame resistant fibers such as Lenzing FR
  • Aramid fibers such as Nomex 450 or 462
  • the viscose flame resistant fibers may be made from wood, which offers protection from heat in a wide range of different applications. Viscose flame resistant fibers offer protection from the following sources of heat: fire, radiant heat, electric arcs, liquid metals and flammable liquids. As an added benefit, viscose flame resistant fibers are soft to the touch, and therefore pleasant to wear. Furthermore, viscose flame resistant fibers keep the body dry and cool.
  • viscose flame resistant fibers can be formed into a yarn that is less susceptible to heat stress, and readily dissipates heat, which is beneficial in a fire situation.
  • Other natural or man-made fibers and/or yarns could be used in this blend as long as the target criteria is respected.
  • One such face yarn 16 may be made from viscose flame resistant yarn, or from a blend of viscose flame resistant fibers and other fibers, that are intimately blended and spun according to conventional techniques, such as ring spun or air jet.
  • the face yarn 16 may be formed from an intimate blend of about 80 weight percent viscose flame resistant material (such as Lenzing FR), and about 20 weight percent meta-Aramid fiber (such as that sold under the trademark "Nomex 450").
  • the 80 weight percent viscose portion of the yarn 16 will accept a dye in the high visibility color spectrum, and will contribute significantly to the fabric's final shade.
  • the 80 weight percent is a guideline and could be increased or decreased based on the fabric 10 and structure being produced, as long as it forms the predominant color and coverage required to achieve the desired shade and luminosity. It is believed that not more than about 45 weight percent Aramid-based fiber should be in the face yarn 16 in order to allow for proper dying of the face yarn 16 for purposes of achieving high visibility, but the maximum amount of Aramid-based fiber may be as high as 50 weight percent.
  • the face yarn 16 could be formed from as much as 100 weight percent Lenzing FR fibers, or other flame resistant fibers, or a blend with other fibers that are capable of being dyed in the high visibility shades that meet the target standard for chromaticity, and at a brightness that meets the target standard for luminosity.
  • the minimum luminance factor requirement for background materials is 0.76 for fluorescent yellow-green, 0.40 for fluorescent orange-red, and 0.25 for fluorescent red.
  • Those other fibers could be, but are not limited to, cotton, wool, modacrylic, polyester, nylon, rayon, and linen.
  • the yarn 13 used to make the core may be made from one of the following, or a blend of one or more of the following fibers: an Aramid, a meta-Aramid (such as Nomex), an antistatic fiber (such as electrically conductive fibers, e.g. metal fibers), and/or a para-Aramid (such as Kevlar).
  • the core yarn 13 is 93 weight percent Nomex, 2 weight percent antistatic, 5 weight percent Kevlar.
  • the core could also be made from 100 weight percent Aramid, or a combination of an Aramid-based fiber and other fibers (natural or man-made), or 100 weight percent non- Aramid fibers, provided that it will maintain the desired flame resistant properties and the arc resistant properties of the fabric 10.
  • the invention includes a method of making the fabric described above.
  • a face yarn dyed to meet the high visibility standards of
  • ANSI/ISEA 107 2004 or CSA Z-96 is provided 100.
  • an Aramid-based core yarn is provided 103 in an amount that allows the fabric to meet the thermal protection performance standards of ASTM D4108-87 or the vertical flame test performance standards of ASTM F1506, or both.
  • a core structure such as a Jersey knit fabric, may be formed 106, and the face yarn may be woven 109 into the core structure in an amount sufficient to meet the high visibility standards of ANSI/ISEA 107 2004 or CSA Z-96.
  • the fabric 10 may be formed as a double velour fleece, knitted on a terry machine.
  • the terry knit fabric 10 may have a plain jersey base formed by the core yarn 13, with the face yarns 16 interknit in selected rows of needle loops running from course to course, and drawn to their desired long length over a selected sinker height, or other suitable device.
  • Figure 1 depicts such a fabric 10.
  • the fabric 10 depicted in Figure 1 shows that the face yarn 16 is knitted to form a loop that will be used for napping, which will give the fleece appearance.
  • the loop created by the face yarn 16 could be left loose to allow the face yarn 16 to float back and forth on either side of the core yarn 13, for example, by inserting the loop through the core structure but not securely attaching the loop to the core structure.
  • the loop created by the face yarn 16 could be attached to the core structure in a manner which does not allow the loop to move back and forth, relative to the core structure.
  • the invention could also be produced in other various types of fabric structures, including but not limited to various knits, as well as woven or non woven structures, by various techniques.
  • the fabric 10 may be woven or knit to achieve a warp and weft construction.
  • the fabric 10 described above may be constructed to provide excellent resistance to wind by selecting the size of the yarns and the knitting machine cut (the number of knitting needles per inch of cylinder).
  • a suitable fabric 10 according to the invention can be made by using a 38/1 cotton-count yarn for the face and a 28/1 cotton-count yarn for the core.
  • the space between wales is decreased and there is a reduction of the space around the face yarn 16. This results in a reduction of the space that is available for air flow through the fabric 10.
  • yarn sizes for the face and/or core may be as large as 5/1 cotton-count or as small as 45/1 cotton-count, depending on the characteristics desired by the fabric designer.
  • Selection of the yarn size used for the face and the yarn size used for the core may be influenced by the machine cut selected by the fabric designer. Also, it should be apparent that the difference in size between the face yarn 16 and the core yarn 13 should be selected in such a way that ensures that the finished fabric 10 has a desired face pile. For example, a desired face pile may be determined based on appearance and/or washing performance.
  • the size of the face yarn 16 relative to the core yarn 13 may be selected so that the face yarn 16 can move freely from one side of the fabric 10 to the other, in order to form an acceptable pile on each side of the fabric 10.
  • selection of the yarn sizes may be done so as to increase the number of courses per inch, so that air flow is minimized, but maintaining the freedom of the face yarn 16 to move from one side of the core structure to the other, and maintaining fabric elasticity.
  • a fabric 10 meeting the high visibility standards and fire/heat/electric arc standards can be made using 44 courses per inch.
  • the fabric 10 according to the invention may be produced without the built-in wind resistant features by creating a fabric 10 with fewer whales and courses for a given area of fabric 10, or by reducing the size of the core yarn 13 relative to the face yarn 16.
  • the present invention can also be used in the production of fire resistant fabrics which stretch.
  • an elastomeric yarn may be wrapped with fire resistant fibers to protect it, or used in the core structure of the fabric 10 so as to hide and protect the elastomeric fibers of the core yarn 13 from heat by the face yarns 16. The result is a fabric 10 with an increased ability to stretch and recover.
  • Another embodiment of the invention is a fabric, wherein the yarn used to make the fabric is an intimate blend of one or more Aramid-based fibers and one or more fibers which can be dyed, and the amount of each type of fiber is selected, to meet ANSI/ISEA 107 2004 or CSA Z-96.
  • the yarn fibers may be selected so that the standards of ASTM D4108-87 and/or ASTM F1506 are met.
  • a yarn may be used to fabricate a knit, woven or non-woven fabric, such as a jersey fabric, jogging fleece, or interlock which may be fashioned into a protective garment.
  • yarn which forms the fabric would need to be relied on to supply both the high visibility characteristics and the characteristics associated with protecting the wearer from fire, heat and/or electric arc. It is believed that in order to meet the high visibility standards of ANSI/ISEA 107 2004, the Aramid-based fiber content would not be more than 50 weight percent, and probably would need to be less than 45 weight percent, or even 40 weight percent.
  • Aramid-based fiber would be needed to meet the performance standards of ASTM F 1506 and/or ASTM D4108-87, but if the other fibers in the yarn have suitable characteristics, the Aramid-based fiber content may be lower than 20 weight percent. It should be noted that such yarns having an Aramid-based fiber content on the low end of the range, and in particular those having Aramid-based fiber content lower than 20 weight percent would probably need to include other fire-resistant and/or arc-resistant fibers in order to meet these standards.
  • the fibers that are not Aramid-based may be selected from a range of options, including but not limited to viscose, polyester, nylon, rayon, modacrylic, cotton, wool, linen or any combination of these, in order to achieve the characteristics desired by the fabric designer.
  • a yarn is provided 200 which has an intimate blend of (a) one or more types of Aramid-based fibers, and (b) one or more types of dyeable fibers.
  • the dyeable fibers are present in an amount which can achieve the high visibility standards of ANSI/ISEA 107 2004 or CSA Z-96.
  • the dyeable fibers are dyed 206 to meet or exceed ANSI/ISEA 107 2004 or CSA Z-96 chromaticity and luminosity requirements for occupational activities for high visibility safety apparel.
  • the yarn is formed 203 into a fabric.
  • Dyeing 206 may occur before or after the yarn is formed into a fabric. If dying 206 occurs after the fabric is formed, the fabric may be dyed 206 to the desired high visibility chromaticity and luminosity, for example by using a pressurized jet dyeing machine.
  • Dyes may include cationic, or basic dyestuff compositions. Appropriate dye chemicals and methods may be needed in order to dye viscose portions of the yarn.
  • the Aramid-based components of the fabric may be left in their natural un-dyed state since they are hidden by the face yarn 16, and therefore have no effect on the outside appearance of the fabric.
  • the Aramid-based components of the fabric could be dyed in a shade that will not affect or take away from the high visibility performance of the fabric.
  • the decrease in visibility afforded by un-dyed Aramid-based components of the face yarn 16 should be offset by the ability to dye other components of the face yarn 16.
  • the Aramid-based portion could be pre-dyed or stained in a shade that will not affect or take away from the high visibility performance of the fabric.
  • Pre-dyed Aramid-based fibers could be used in the face yarn 16 or the core yarn 13 as part of an effort to maintain or improve the high visibility characteristics of the fabric.
  • finishing chemicals could be added to enhance the fabric performance, and/or add features, such as moisture management, anti-microbial, anti- odor, antistain, antistatic, sheen, softness, and/or to meet other performance requirements.
  • Such performance enhancing chemicals could be added after dyeing.
  • the fabric may be dried in an oven at which time application of chemicals for enhancing the
  • softeners may be applied to the fabric in order to help in the napping and brushing operations, which may follow the drying operation.
  • the fabric may be subjected to a napping or fraying operation.
  • Figure 2 depicts such an operation. Available fibers and fragments are brought to the surface of the fabric, thus raising the fibers to an upright position to modify the fabric's superficial characteristics, thereby increasing the thickness of the fabric. In doing so, the insulative qualities of the fabric may be increased.
  • Napping may be carried out in an installation that is equipped with metal needles 19.
  • the napping tool may be a roller 22 with curved metal needles 19 called “workers”.
  • workers Generally, 24 to 36 workers 22 are arranged around a rotary drum 25. Some of the workers 22 are arranged to act with the pile, and others are arranged to act against the pile.
  • the rotational speed of the pile needles 19 may be different from the rotational speed of the counterpile needles 19.
  • Other techniques that could be used include, but are not limited to, immersing, brushing, and sanding.
  • the fabric may be subjected to cropping or shearing, which involves the elimination of individual fibers emerging from the yarns (floating fibers) in order to give the surface of the fabric a uniform appearance by cutting the napped fibers.
  • Cropping or shearing may be done with a cutting instrument (see Figure 3) , which may include a cylinder 28 with helical blades 31, a knife 34 which enables the cutting height to be kept uniform, and a fabric rest 37 on which the fabric is placed.
  • Figure 4 depicts the finished fabric.
  • the finish of the fabric after cropping or shearing has a good resistance to abrasion and rubbing, which will allow the fabric to maintain its desired characteristics after many wearings, careful washing and/or dry cleaning.
  • the fabric may be heat-set in an oven to stabilize its dimension.
  • a wickable, repellant, anti-microbial, anti-odor, anti-fungus or any other desired enhanced feature can be applied at this stage of the manufacturing process.
  • finishing procedures outlined above are for the purpose of illustrating how the fabric might be manufactured to form a finished product. Other finishing processes may be used.
  • the resulting fabric may be formed to meet both the ANSI/ISEA 107 and/or
  • the fabric could be made to meet the antistatic standard of Method 5931 (1990), "Determination of Electrostatic Decay of fabrics", and the Electrostatic Discharge Association Advisory ESD ADVl 1.2-1995, "Triboelectric Charge Accumulation Testing requirement.
  • the invention may be used to produce a fabric which is wind resistant and also is suitable for cold weather situations where high visibility and flame resistance is desired.

Abstract

L'invention porte sur un tissu répondant aux normes de haute visibilité ANSI/ISEA 107 2004 ou CSA Z-96. Le fil utilisé dans le tissu comprend des fibres à base d'aramide et des fibres aptes à être colorées pour satisfaire aux normes de haute visibilité. Les fibres peuvent être sélectionnées et/ou positionnées de manière à satisfaire aux normes ASTM D4108-87 et/ou ASTM F 1506. Le tissu peut être utilisé pour des vêtements de sécurité.
PCT/CA2011/000047 2010-01-17 2011-01-17 Tissu de protection à haute visibilité WO2011085488A1 (fr)

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US12/688,890 US20110173734A1 (en) 2010-01-17 2010-01-17 High Visibility Protective Fabric
US12/688,890 2010-01-17

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US9920474B2 (en) * 2013-03-13 2018-03-20 Milliken & Company Flame-resistant fiber blend, yarn, and fabric, and method for making same
US20170314168A1 (en) * 2016-04-28 2017-11-02 Ascend Performance Materials Operations Llc Anti-Static Fleece, Brushed Fabric and Composite Yarn for Their Manufacture
US20170340038A1 (en) * 2016-05-25 2017-11-30 Supreme Corporation Cut, slash and/or abrasion resistant protective fabric and lightweight shaped knit garment made therefrom having improved appearance and cut resistance
CN108018638A (zh) * 2016-11-04 2018-05-11 江苏南纬悦达纤维科技有限公司 一种用于个人防护服的织物
US11761124B1 (en) 2021-09-09 2023-09-19 Milliken & Company Elastic flame-resistant fabric

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