WO2011084079A1 - Procédé de remise en culture biologique de terres appauvries sur le plan technogène - Google Patents

Procédé de remise en culture biologique de terres appauvries sur le plan technogène Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011084079A1
WO2011084079A1 PCT/RU2010/000001 RU2010000001W WO2011084079A1 WO 2011084079 A1 WO2011084079 A1 WO 2011084079A1 RU 2010000001 W RU2010000001 W RU 2010000001W WO 2011084079 A1 WO2011084079 A1 WO 2011084079A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
substrate
vermiculite
layer
soil
oxide
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/RU2010/000001
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English (en)
Russian (ru)
Inventor
Владимир Александрович КОТЕЛЬНИКОВ
Любовь Андреевна ИВАНОВА
Original Assignee
Kotelnikov Vladimir Aleksandrovich
Ivanova Liubov Andreevna
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by Kotelnikov Vladimir Aleksandrovich, Ivanova Liubov Andreevna filed Critical Kotelnikov Vladimir Aleksandrovich
Priority to RU2012117842/13A priority Critical patent/RU2512171C2/ru
Priority to PCT/RU2010/000001 priority patent/WO2011084079A1/fr
Publication of WO2011084079A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011084079A1/fr

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
    • A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting

Definitions

  • the invention relates to methods for biological reclamation of disturbed lands and can be used both for restoration of lands disturbed as a result of mining, and for fixing dusty surfaces of dumps, tailings.
  • compositions for land reclamation including various organomineral additives and sorbents (patents for inventions of the Russian Federation JfeNs 1730742, 2193590, 2277326, 2293103, etc.), for example, peat-sand mixture, sapropel, aluminum powder, lignin, etc. . derived from local wastes. It is known to use expanded vermiculite as additives for soils and soils in an amount of 25 to 70% to improve their composition and increase crop yields, as well as in soil mixtures consisting of vermiculite and peat in a ratio of 1: 1 or vermiculite with soil or soil in a ratio 12.
  • Latex polymer coating protects seeds located on the surface from the adverse effects of the environment and provides the possibility of their growth and rooting in extreme hydrothermal conditions.
  • the disadvantage of this method is the use of techniques and mechanisms for applying (spraying) an aqueous solution of latex emulsion, the operation of which requires the presence of a network of roads, approaches and entrances, as a result of the inability to cover hard-to-reach areas of technologically disturbed territories.
  • the claimed invention as well as well-known, includes the sowing of perennial herbs with the introduction of mineral fertilizers.
  • the problem solved by the invention was to create high-quality seed culture phytocenosis in a short time, including in the Far North.
  • the technical result consists in increasing the efficiency of the formation of planting crop phytocenoses and their durability, in initiating the processes of seed germination and further growth and development of herbaceous plants and thereby reducing the formation time cultural phytocenoses up to 7-10 days, in reducing the complexity of technical and biological rehabilitation works.
  • a technical result is achieved by the fact that vermiculite substrate with granules up to 2-4 mm and pH from 6.5 to 7.2 is scattered on the soil with a layer of up to 1 cm, grass seeds are sown on the surface of the substrate and they are irrigated with an aqueous solution of mineral fertilizers, then the surface the substrate is covered with a polymer film, which is removed on the 5-7th day. With a strong compaction of the surface layer of disturbed lands before applying a layer of substrate, loosening of the soil can be made.
  • the substrate is an independent carrier of valuable macro- and microelements, which increases the durability of grass cover.
  • Covering the surface of the substrate with a polymer (polyethylene, for example) film preserves the temperature and moisture of the substrate with seeds in the initial, starting period of seed germination and seedling growth, which also ensures the initiation of seed germination processes, thereby reducing the formation of culture phytocenoses to 7-10 days.
  • Loosening the soil before applying the substrate layer provides better penetration of the roots of sprouted plants into the soil and fixing the substrate on the surface of the cultivated areas.
  • the invention is as follows.
  • the site on which the creation of vegetation is planned (crop phytocenosis) is cleared of garbage. In the case of a strong compaction of the surface of the reclamation site, it slightly (to a depth of 2-5 cm) loosens, for example, with a rake.
  • Vermiculite substrate scatters on the surface area with a layer of 1 cm manually or with special devices, for example, solid fertilizer spreaders. Seeds of herbaceous plants are sown manually or by seeders on the surface of a vermiculite substrate in an even layer without gaps (the rate of sowing of seeds depends on the type of plants, quality, market germination of seeds and the planned density of the future grass stand).
  • a 0.2% aqueous solution of complex mineral fertilizers is being prepared, for example, Azofoska nitrogen-phosphate-potassium fertilizers manufactured by the industry - a rate of 20 g / l of water, to which microelements are added, for example, microfertilizers Effect-mony or Uniflor- micro ”, the rate of their application is 1 tablet per Yul of the Azofoski solution.
  • Azofoska nitrogen-phosphate-potassium fertilizers manufactured by the industry - a rate of 20 g / l of water, to which microelements are added, for example, microfertilizers Effect-mony or Uniflor- micro ”, the rate of their application is 1 tablet per Yul of the Azofoski solution.
  • a highly concentrated solution of a complete mineral mixture is prepared, for example, in any room convenient for this, and at the site of reclamation it is diluted with water to the desired concentration, which facilitates the transportation of the fertilizer solution.
  • Seeds and substrate are wetted with a solution of prepared fertilizers at the rate of 5 l of solution / m using a watering can or a hose with a spray.
  • Crops on top of the sown seeds are covered with a plastic film to protect against the influence of adverse external factors (wind, precipitation, low temperatures, mechanical and chemical influences). Along the perimeter, the film is pressed by improvised means (stones, boards, etc.).
  • the substrate should provide the plant with all these conditions for a certain time (until the seeds hatch - 2-3 days, until the root fixes in the substrate - another 1-2 days, while seedlings develop their roots and penetrate the ground - another 2-3 days, and until the small plant gets stronger, it will form 1-2 real green leaves). It should be able to hold a large amount of available water, air, withstand temperature extremes that maintain the required level of acidity (in an acidic environment with a pH below 3.5 and alkaline with a pH above 8.0) most seeds do not germinate) and sterile to protect those who hatch seeds and young shoots from pathogenic microflora.
  • Vermiculite substrate with granules up to 2-4 mm and a pH from 6.5 to 7.2, obtained by high-temperature electric firing at temperatures up to 850 ° C with speed and firing temperature regulation, is a substitute for the vermiculite natural mineral, which has a number beneficial properties (sterility, high moisture and air absorption, buffering, optimal sorption and ion exchange properties), even in northern latitudes, helps to create a biologically active, soil-like body, optimal water-air o, temperature and nutritional conditions, causing high rates of seed germination (regardless of the type of plants for 4-5 days), further growth and development of plants at all stages of ontogenesis. As a result, obtaining high-quality phytocenoses resistant to adverse environmental factors of a wide range of purposes became possible in a short time - in 7-10 days.
  • the method was tested in Karelia and the Murmansk region. He showed high efficiency when creating a vegetation cover on the apatite-nepheline tailing dump, on soils with pH less than 4.0, as well as on soils contaminated with oil and oil products.
  • the universality of the application of the proposed method is ensured not only due to the fact that expanded vermiculite is an active absorber (sorbent) of chemical compounds, heavy metal ions and radionuclides, but mainly due to the formation of a soil-like layer on heavily contaminated areas of the soil, due to which plants of the created cover can grow and develop over the long term. This layer of vermiculite protects both sown seeds and plants grown from them from the influence of these pollutants.
  • Example 1 In 2006-2009 On the territory of the reserve apatite-nepheline tailing dump ANOF-2 of JSC Apatit, research was conducted on the method of accelerated formation of anti-erosion culture phytocenosis.
  • the sand dumps of this tailing dump are characterized by a low species diversity of plants: 21 species (2.2% of the local flora).
  • the natural processes of phytocenosis development are poorly expressed here, the overgrowing of the territory proceeds slowly.
  • Most native species are characterized by low vitality, density, coverage and anti-erosion functions; Leymus arenarius and Puccinella distans, which have prospects for independent settlement and reclamation of nepheline sands, can be classified as edificators of natural phytocenoses.
  • Example 2 The method was tested in Monchegorsk district of the Murmansk region on man-made wasteland with soil pH less than 4.0. As a rule, under these conditions, plant roots cannot penetrate into such acidic soil and die. A layer of vermiculite with nutrients ensures the rapid creation of a vegetative cover, then the sprouted vegetative cover begins to form a secondary pillow from the roots, the height of its turf layer increases due to the constant formation and growth of new roots of those plants that make up the created herbage, since in this case the coating lives not due to the nutrients of the soil, but due to the nutrients, moisture and air that are contained in the inventive substrate.
  • Example 3 Experimental work was conducted to study the possibility of using the proposed method in a landfill for household waste in the village of Drovyanoye, Murmansk Region. in July-October 2009 Fuel oil (2 boxes) and crude oil (2 boxes) were added to boxes with substrates from a mixture of peat and sand. Then, in some baskets, ready-made lawn mats were laid on the surface of the substrates, in others, grass seeds were sown according to the claimed method. The results of observations showed that after 2 weeks the degree of growth of turf of lawn mats in the variants with the addition of fuel oil was more than 70%, in the variants using crude oil - 10%. With the direct sowing method with the initiation of the processes of seed germination and the growth of seedlings of perennial cereal plants in just 1 week, a high-quality vegetative cover was formed with 100% projective cover and deep penetration of the root system into the technogenic substrate.
  • the method is simple to implement, applicable even in adverse climatic conditions of the Far North and can significantly reduce the cost of creating high-quality grass-turf cover, plan ahead for the timing and density of the future grass stand and the type of cultivated phytocenosis.
  • Botany Morphology and anatomy of plants: a textbook for students of ped. Institute of Biol. and chem. special / Vasiliev A.E., Voronin N.S., Elenevsky A.G. et al. M .: Education, 1988. 488 p.

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de remise en culture biologique de terres appauvries sur le plan technogène, lequel consiste à semer de l'herbe pérenne avec apport d'engrais minéraux. Le procédé se caractérise par rapport à ceux connus en ce qu'il consiste à déverser sur le sol, en une couche allant jusqu'à 1 cm, un substrat de vermiculite comportant des granules de 1 - 4 mm et ayant un pH de 6,5 à 7,2, après quoi les graines d'herbe sont semées à la surface du substrat puis arrosées avec une solution aqueuse d'engrais minéraux. La surface du substrat est ensuite recouverte d'un film polymère que l'on retire au bout de 5 à 7 jours. Lorsque la couche supérieure des terres appauvries sur le plan technogène est très compacte, le sol peut être aéré avant d'appliquer la couche de substrat. Le substrat de vermiculite peut être obtenu par un procédé de calcination à haute température à une température allant jusqu'à 850°C en ajutant la vitesse et la température de calcination.
PCT/RU2010/000001 2010-01-11 2010-01-11 Procédé de remise en culture biologique de terres appauvries sur le plan technogène WO2011084079A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
RU2012117842/13A RU2512171C2 (ru) 2010-01-11 2010-01-11 Способ биологической рекультивации техногенно-нарушенных земель
PCT/RU2010/000001 WO2011084079A1 (fr) 2010-01-11 2010-01-11 Procédé de remise en culture biologique de terres appauvries sur le plan technogène

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PCT/RU2010/000001 WO2011084079A1 (fr) 2010-01-11 2010-01-11 Procédé de remise en culture biologique de terres appauvries sur le plan technogène

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CN102696300A (zh) * 2012-06-15 2012-10-03 北京北林绿源生态技术研究院有限责任公司 低湿盐碱滩地渗水排盐及造林绿化方法及其应用
CN102783286A (zh) * 2012-06-15 2012-11-21 北京北林绿源生态技术研究院有限责任公司 用于盐碱地治理的一体式柔性排盐透气竖井及其应用
CN103392417A (zh) * 2013-07-30 2013-11-20 甘肃省农业科学院旱地农业研究所 一种旱地地膜玉米田免耕直播冬小麦的方法
CN103733757A (zh) * 2014-01-10 2014-04-23 中国农业科学院草原研究所 应用免耕法在草甸草原建植优质牧草生产田的方法
CN104521362A (zh) * 2015-01-07 2015-04-22 李阳铭 一种粉垄耕作方法
CN104885611A (zh) * 2015-06-19 2015-09-09 青岛袁策生物科技有限公司 改良土壤盐碱性的方法
CN104919931A (zh) * 2015-06-15 2015-09-23 刘长生 一种盐碱地改良方法
CN104956803A (zh) * 2015-06-04 2015-10-07 苏州金螳螂园林绿化景观有限公司 一种地质塌陷区生态修复的方法
CN105009729A (zh) * 2015-06-25 2015-11-04 西北农林科技大学 灌水高温闷棚处理用于修复温室草莓连作土壤应用
CN105230170A (zh) * 2015-09-25 2016-01-13 安顺学院 一种利用地瓜藤治理石漠化水土流失的方法
CN105409377A (zh) * 2015-11-17 2016-03-23 仇颖超 一种利用禽类养殖废水处理土壤板结化方法
CN105874958A (zh) * 2016-04-11 2016-08-24 大连理工大学 一种污泥蚓粪改良土壤的方法
CN105940803A (zh) * 2016-04-28 2016-09-21 四川鑫隆康源农业科技有限公司 一种利用微生物肥料改良果园土壤的方法
CN105993261A (zh) * 2016-05-17 2016-10-12 四川新隆农业科技有限公司 一种基于钙镁硅钾生物活性肥的土壤改良方法
CN106561100A (zh) * 2016-11-09 2017-04-19 邓万超 瘠薄地表的防风固沙绿化建植方法
CN106688357A (zh) * 2016-12-19 2017-05-24 陈贺铭 铁矿废弃地植被恢复方法
CN106688354A (zh) * 2016-11-29 2017-05-24 大千生态景观股份有限公司 一种建筑垃圾土壤改良方法
CN106717238A (zh) * 2017-03-15 2017-05-31 中国矿业大学(北京) 一种西部风沙区土地生态修复方法
CN106852207A (zh) * 2016-12-19 2017-06-16 潜山县思迈农业科技有限公司 一种大棚种植蔬菜的土壤改良方法
CN107124931A (zh) * 2017-05-22 2017-09-05 内蒙古百合生态科技有限公司 一种荒漠盐碱地园林绿化中保水抗旱的方法
CN109156108A (zh) * 2018-07-31 2019-01-08 浙江普天园林建筑发展有限公司 一种土壤盐碱地综合治理方法
CN111108841A (zh) * 2020-01-03 2020-05-08 湖南芷兰生态环境建设有限公司 一种赤泥堆场生态修复阻隔工艺修复方法

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CN109997443A (zh) * 2019-04-18 2019-07-12 农安县春江堰家庭农场 一种盐碱地土壤改良方法

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CN102696300A (zh) * 2012-06-15 2012-10-03 北京北林绿源生态技术研究院有限责任公司 低湿盐碱滩地渗水排盐及造林绿化方法及其应用
CN102783286A (zh) * 2012-06-15 2012-11-21 北京北林绿源生态技术研究院有限责任公司 用于盐碱地治理的一体式柔性排盐透气竖井及其应用
CN103392417A (zh) * 2013-07-30 2013-11-20 甘肃省农业科学院旱地农业研究所 一种旱地地膜玉米田免耕直播冬小麦的方法
CN103733757A (zh) * 2014-01-10 2014-04-23 中国农业科学院草原研究所 应用免耕法在草甸草原建植优质牧草生产田的方法
CN104521362A (zh) * 2015-01-07 2015-04-22 李阳铭 一种粉垄耕作方法
CN104956803A (zh) * 2015-06-04 2015-10-07 苏州金螳螂园林绿化景观有限公司 一种地质塌陷区生态修复的方法
CN104919931A (zh) * 2015-06-15 2015-09-23 刘长生 一种盐碱地改良方法
CN104885611A (zh) * 2015-06-19 2015-09-09 青岛袁策生物科技有限公司 改良土壤盐碱性的方法
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CN105230170A (zh) * 2015-09-25 2016-01-13 安顺学院 一种利用地瓜藤治理石漠化水土流失的方法
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CN105874958A (zh) * 2016-04-11 2016-08-24 大连理工大学 一种污泥蚓粪改良土壤的方法
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CN107124931A (zh) * 2017-05-22 2017-09-05 内蒙古百合生态科技有限公司 一种荒漠盐碱地园林绿化中保水抗旱的方法
CN109156108A (zh) * 2018-07-31 2019-01-08 浙江普天园林建筑发展有限公司 一种土壤盐碱地综合治理方法
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