WO2011082557A1 - 塔架式无导轮组合传动抽油机 - Google Patents

塔架式无导轮组合传动抽油机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011082557A1
WO2011082557A1 PCT/CN2010/070586 CN2010070586W WO2011082557A1 WO 2011082557 A1 WO2011082557 A1 WO 2011082557A1 CN 2010070586 W CN2010070586 W CN 2010070586W WO 2011082557 A1 WO2011082557 A1 WO 2011082557A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sheave
tower
rope
transmission
pumping unit
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2010/070586
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
毛宏伟
Original Assignee
Mao Hongwei
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Mao Hongwei filed Critical Mao Hongwei
Priority to US13/521,350 priority Critical patent/US9234411B2/en
Publication of WO2011082557A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011082557A1/zh

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/12—Methods or apparatus for controlling the flow of the obtained fluid to or in wells
    • E21B43/121—Lifting well fluids
    • E21B43/126—Adaptations of down-hole pump systems powered by drives outside the borehole, e.g. by a rotary or oscillating drive
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B15/00—Supports for the drilling machine, e.g. derricks or masts
    • E21B15/003—Supports for the drilling machine, e.g. derricks or masts adapted to be moved on their substructure, e.g. with skidding means; adapted to drill a plurality of wells

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a petroleum mining machinery and equipment, in particular to a tower type oil pumping unit.
  • the tower type pumping unit is gradually replacing the beam pumping unit due to its simple structure, low cost and low energy consumption, but at the same time there are several correlations between the tower type pumping unit itself.
  • the technical problems are also affecting its large-scale promotion and application. The two most prominent of these technical problems are: workover way and wire rope life.
  • workover way and wire rope life Before the workover work, in order to ensure that the workover equipment has enough space to operate at the wellhead, the minimum distance of the tower from the wellhead should be above 700mm. Therefore, the most common workovers are now available. Set the entire tower to be movable. Before the workover, use the traction device to drag the entire tower away from the wellhead.
  • the guide wheel that protrudes outward is arranged at the top of the tower. Since the distance from the outward direction of the guide wheel can be adjusted as needed, it can be guaranteed when installing the tower.
  • the distance from the wellhead is more than 700mm, but considering the stability and cost of the tower, the diameter of the guide wheel is generally small, and the service life of the wire rope is closely related to the diameter of the curved wire, and the wire rope continuously passes the rope in a short distance.
  • the relative bending fatigue life coefficient diagram of the wire rope is set.
  • the service life coefficient of the wire rope is 1, the larger the ratio, the service life. The longer it is, the ratio of the diameter of the guide wheel used in the tower type pumping unit with a load of less than 12 tons to the diameter of the wire rope is only about 40-50, and the tower type pumping unit with a load of 12 tons or more is used.
  • the ratio of the diameter of the guide wheel to the diameter of the wire rope is only about 25-35, so that the smaller diameter guide wheel shortens the service life of the wire rope.
  • the belt will violently oscillate, which may cause damage to the sucker rod and wellhead of the pumping unit.
  • the existing tower type pumping unit cannot handle the above technical problems at the same time.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a tower type non-guide wheel combined transmission pumping unit with a safe and simple workover position and a long life of the wire rope.
  • the tower type non-guide wheel combined transmission pumping unit of the invention comprises a tower, a power system, a transmission system, a control system, and a flat a balance weight box, a counterweight traction rope, a sheave, a drive rope and a suspension rope, the power system, the transmission system, the control system and the sheave are mounted on an operating platform at the top of the tower, the control system being connected to the power system
  • the control system controls the reversing position and the rotational speed of the power system, and the power system is connected to the sheave through the transmission system, wherein the sheave is fixed on one side of the operating platform by the sheave support device, and the central axis of the sheave is operated In the platform, and wherein the shortest distance between the axis and the edge of the operating platform in the horizontal direction is L, the sheave rim extends out of the operating platform, and the outermost edge thereof has a shortest distance from the tower in the horizontal direction is M,
  • the tower type non-guide wheel combined transmission pumping unit of the present invention wherein the platform moving device comprises a round tube slide and a sliding sleeve, the round tube slide is fixedly mounted on the top of the tower, and the sliding sleeve passes through the top of the tower
  • the connecting plate is connected with the bottom of the operating platform, the sliding sleeve is sleeved on the circular pipe slide, and the sliding sleeve can slide on the circular pipe slide.
  • the tower type non-guide wheel combined transmission pumping unit of the present invention wherein a copper sleeve is further disposed between the sliding sleeve and the circular tube slide, the copper sleeve is connected on the inner wall of the sliding sleeve, and the copper sleeve and the circular tube are slippery Lubricants are applied between the roads.
  • the tower type non-guide wheel combined transmission pumping unit of the present invention wherein the platform moving device comprises a top wire, a pulley and a slideway, the top wire is vertically installed in the operating platform, and the lower end of the top wire is opposite to the rotating shaft of the pulley Connected, the slide rail is fixedly connected to the top of the tower, and the slide rail cooperates with the pulley.
  • the tower type non-guide wheel combination transmission pumping unit of the present invention wherein the platform moving device comprises a slide rail and a slider, the slide rail is fixedly connected at the top of the tower, the operation platform is arranged on the slide rail, and the operation platform and the platform A slider is arranged between the slide rails, and the slider is fixedly connected on the bottom of the slide rail and/or the operation platform, and the slider is a high lubricity, high wear resistance metal or engineering plastic.
  • the tower type non-guide wheel combined transmission pumping unit of the present invention wherein the top of the tower is provided with an operation platform positioning plate, and the operation platform positioning plate is mounted on the slide rail or the circular tube slide, and the position is adjustable.
  • the tower type non-guide wheel combined transmission pumping unit of the present invention wherein the transmission system comprises a sprocket E, a sprocket F, a transmission shaft, a pinion gear, a large ring gear and a sheave shaft, and an output end and a chain of the power system
  • the wheel E is fixedly connected, and the sprocket E drives the sprocket F through a chain.
  • the sprocket F is fixedly mounted on one end of the transmission shaft, and the other end of the transmission shaft is fixedly equipped with a pinion gear, and the transmission shaft passes through a pair of bearings G.
  • the large ring gear is fixedly mounted on the outer middle portion of the sheave, the sheave is mounted on the sheave shaft through a pair of bearings H, and the two ends of the sheave shaft are respectively fixed on the shaft seat,
  • the axle seat is fixed on an operating platform, and the sheave shaft, the bearing H and the axle seat constitute the sheave supporting device, and the pinion gear meshes with the large ring gear.
  • the tower type non-guide wheel combined transmission pumping unit of the present invention wherein the transmission system comprises a transmission belt, a small belt sprocket, a large belt sprocket, a transmission shaft, a pinion gear, a large gear and a sheave shaft, and the output of the power system
  • the end is fixedly connected with the small belt sprocket, and the small belt sprocket drives the large belt sprocket through the transmission belt
  • the large belt sprocket is fixedly mounted on one end of the transmission shaft
  • the other end of the transmission shaft is fixedly equipped with a pinion gear.
  • the transmission shaft is mounted on the transmission shaft bracket through a pair of bearings c, the pinion gear meshes with the large gear, the large gear is fixedly mounted on one end of the sheave by a pin, and the inside of the sheave is fitted with a rope through a pair of bearings I
  • An axle the two ends of the sheave shaft are respectively fixed on the axle seat, the axle seat is fixed on the operation level, and the rope axle, the bearing I and the axle seat constitute the rope support device.
  • the tower type non-guide wheel combined transmission pumping unit of the present invention wherein a hydraulic piston cylinder is arranged between the top of the tower and the operating platform, the piston cylinder is hinged at the top of the tower, and one end of the piston rod is hinged on the operating platform on.
  • the tower type non-guide wheel combined transmission pumping unit of the present invention wherein the balance weight box is provided with a main weight box and a multi-stage sub-weight box, and the multi-stage sub-weight box is installed on both sides of the main weight box
  • the hook is attached to the main weight box, and the main weight box and the multi-stage auxiliary weight are internally filled with cement, sand and iron, and the total weight of the multi-stage auxiliary weight is lower than the total weight of the main weight box.
  • the tower type non-guide wheel combined transmission pumping unit of the present invention wherein the diameter of the sheave is D 1400mm ⁇ D ⁇ 2100mm, and the diameter of the counterweight traction rope and the driving rope is d 14 ⁇ d 26
  • the ratio of d is 70-130
  • the tower type non-guide wheel combined transmission pumping unit of the invention wherein the power system is a permanent magnet synchronous brake motor.
  • the tower type non-guide wheel combined transmission pumping unit of the present invention wherein the control system is disposed inside the permanent magnet synchronous brake motor.
  • the tower type non-guide wheel combined transmission pumping unit of the invention wherein the material of the slider is stainless steel or polytetrafluoroethylene.
  • the tower type non-guide wheel combined transmission pumping unit of the present invention is different from the prior art in that the tower type non-guide wheel combined transmission pumping unit of the invention replaces the guide wheel with a larger diameter sheave to ensure the tower and the wellhead.
  • the operating platform When the distance between the two is greater than 700mm, the bending diameter of the wire rope is increased, so that the life of the wire rope reaches the expected effect; the operating platform is set to be movable relative to the tower, and when the workover is required, the operation can be moved away from the wellhead.
  • the platform leaves the sheave away from the wellhead position; the hanging portion of the counterweight leash is located in the longitudinal center of the tower in order to make full use of the space inside the tower.
  • the thickness of the balance weight box is minimized, so that The height of the tower is appropriately reduced, or inexpensive weighting materials are used to save costs.
  • the platform moving device formed by the combination of the sliding sleeve and the circular tube sliding channel in the tower type non-guide wheel combined transmission pumping unit of the invention is the simplest and most reliable moving manner; the operating platform positioning plate provided on the sliding passage or the circular tube sliding passage is In order to limit the range of the rearward movement of the operating platform, the production safety is ensured; the transmission system transmits the power through the first stage to the transmission shaft through the chain, and then drives the rope shaft through the second stage through a pair of gears, thereby driving the rewinding to be fixed.
  • the sucker rod drive rope and the counterweight traction rope on the rope wheel make the sucker rod and the balance weight box move up and down to complete the oil recovery work, and the advantages of the first stage reduction transmission by the chain
  • the large ring gear for driving the rope wheel on the tower type non-guide wheel combined transmission pumping unit of the invention is fixedly installed in the middle of the outer side of the sheave,
  • the main shaft and the drive rope rewinding at both ends of the sheave are balanced during the whole operation, which makes the equipment on the entire operating platform more compact and the center of gravity more stable.
  • the gear is changed to a large ring gear, and the operating platform is reduced.
  • the area also reduces the cost of the whole pumping unit; the balance weight box of the tower type non-guide wheel combination transmission pumping unit of the invention adopts the multi-stage adjustable weight of the main and auxiliary weights, and the power system is matched according to the change of the load. Adjusting the counterweight to achieve a low-cost and high-efficiency working state; the ratio of the diameter of the sheave used in the tower-type non-guide wheel combined transmission pumping unit of the present invention to the diameter of the selected wire rope can be controlled at 70-100, thereby improving the use of the wire rope The life is 2. 5-5 times.
  • Figure 1 is a graph showing the relative bending fatigue life coefficient of a steel wire rope
  • FIG. 2 is a front view of a first embodiment of a tower type non-guide wheel combination transmission pumping unit of the present invention
  • Figure 3 is a plan view of Figure 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a platform moving device according to a first embodiment of a tower type non-guide wheel combined transmission pumping unit of the present invention
  • Figure 5 is a schematic structural view of a platform moving device of a second embodiment of a tower type non-guide wheel combined transmission pumping unit of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a right side view of Figure 5;
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of a transmission system of a first embodiment of a tower type non-guide wheel combination transmission pumping unit of the present invention
  • FIG. 8 is a transmission diagram of a second embodiment of a tower type non-guide wheel combination transmission pumping unit of the present invention
  • System structure diagram System structure diagram. detailed description
  • the tower type non-guide wheel combined transmission pumping unit shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 is a first embodiment of the present invention, including a tower 1, a power system 2, a transmission system, a control system, a balance weight box 3, The counterweight traction rope 4, the drive rope 5 and the suspension rope, wherein the power system 2, the transmission system and the sheave 6 are mounted on the operation platform 7 at the top of the tower 1, the power system 2 is a permanent magnet synchronous brake motor, and the control system Installed in a permanent magnet synchronous brake motor, the operator can control the entire tower-type non-guide wheel combination transmission pumping unit under the tower 1 through the wireless or wired controller of the control system. As shown in FIG.
  • the transmission system includes a transmission belt 8, a small belt sprocket 9, a large belt sprocket 10, a transmission shaft 11, a pinion 12, a large gear 13 and a sheave shaft 14, an output end of the power system 2 and a small belt chain.
  • the wheel 9 is fixedly connected, and the small belt sprocket 9 drives the large belt sprocket 10 through the transmission belt 8.
  • the large belt sprocket 10 is fixedly mounted at one end of the transmission shaft 11, and the other end of the transmission shaft 11 is fixedly equipped with a pinion 12, the transmission shaft 11 Mounted on the drive shaft bracket 15 by a pair of bearings C, the pinion 12 and the large gear 13 Engagement, the large gear 13 is fixedly mounted on the end of the sheave 6 by the pin 16, and the inside of the sheave 6 is mounted with the sheave shaft 14 through a pair of bearings I.
  • the two ends of the sheave shaft 14 are respectively fixed on the shaft seat 17, and the shaft seat 17 is fixed.
  • the central axis of the sheave 6 is located in the operating platform 7, and wherein the shortest distance of the axis in the horizontal direction from the edge of the operating platform 7 is L, L is 100 mm, the rim of the sheave 6 extends out of the operating platform 7, and the outermost end thereof
  • the shortest distance between the edge and the tower 1 in the horizontal direction is M, M is 800 mm
  • the rope wheel 6 is provided with a plurality of fixing holes 18, 18', and one end of the weight pulling rope 4 is fixed on one of the fixing holes 18, One end of the driving rope 5 is fixed on the other set of fixing holes 18', and the counterweight pulling rope 4 and the driving rope 5 are wound on the sheave 6 in the opposite direction, and the free end of the counterweight pulling rope 4 is connected and balanced by the suspension rope A.
  • the heavy box 3, and the hanging portion of the counterweight traction rope 4 is located at the longitudinal center of the tower 1, and the free end of the driving rope 5 is connected to the sucker rod 19 through the suspension rope B.
  • the balance weight box 3 is provided with a main weight box 20 and a plurality of stages.
  • the sub-weights 21, the multi-stage sub-weights 21 are attached to the main weight box 20 by hooks 22 mounted on both sides of the main weight box 20, and the main weight box 20 and the multi-stage sub-weights 21 are internally filled with cement.
  • the total weight of the multi-stage sub-weights 21 is less than 10% of the total weight of the main weight box 20, the staff can The actual load rod 19 to adjust the weight of the counterweight tank 3, so that the weight rod 19 in a relatively balanced state and the work, thereby reducing the system power consumption 2 and transmission energy.
  • a platform moving device is installed between the operating platform 7 and the top of the tower 1.
  • the platform moving device includes a top wire 23, a pulley 24 and a slide rail 25, and the top wire 23 is vertically installed in the operating platform 7.
  • the lower end of the top wire 23 is connected to the rotating shaft of the pulley 24, and the slide rail 25 is riveted to the top of the tower 1, and the slide rail 25 is engaged with the pulley 24.
  • a hydraulic piston cylinder is arranged between the top of the tower 1 and the operating platform 7, and the piston cylinder 26 is hinged on the top of the tower 1, and the end of the piston rod 27 is hinged on the operating platform 7.
  • the tool is rotated by the top wire 23 to lift the operating platform 7 away from the tower 1, and the hydraulic piston cylinder is actuated, so that the piston rod 27 pushes the operating platform 7 away from the wellhead to release the wellhead position.
  • the platform moving device of the second embodiment of the tower type non-guide wheel combination transmission pumping unit of the present invention comprises a circular tube slide 225 and a sliding sleeve 224, and the circular tube slide 225 is installed on the tower.
  • the sliding sleeve 224 is connected to the bottom of the operating platform 7 through the connecting plate 223 at the top thereof and the bolt on the connecting plate 223.
  • the sliding sleeve 224 is sleeved on the circular tube slide 225, and the sliding sleeve 224 can be rolled on the circular tube.
  • the 225 slides on the 225, and the copper sleeve 228 is sleeved between the sliding sleeve 224 and the circular tube slide 225.
  • the copper sleeve 228 is embedded on the inner wall of the sliding sleeve 224, and the copper sleeve 228 and the circular tube slide 225 are coated with a lubricant.
  • Each of the tube slides 225 is also provided with two operating platform positioning plates 229, and the sliding sleeve 224 can only slide between the two operating platform positioning plates 229.
  • the platform moving device may also be another embodiment (not shown), the platform moving device includes a slide rail and a slider, the slide rail is riveted on the top of the tower, the operation platform is disposed on the slide rail, and the operation platform and the slide rail are There is a slider between the sliders, which is glued or riveted on the bottom of the slide and the operating platform, or bonded or riveted on one of the slides and the operating platform.
  • the slider is made of high lubricity, high wear resistance metal or engineering. Plastics, such as stainless steel, polytetrafluoroethylene (commonly known as Teflon).
  • the diameter D of the sheave 6 is about 1800 mm, and the weight traction rope 4 and the drive rope 5 are selected.
  • the diameter of the wire rope d is 20mm, then the D/d is 90.
  • the service life coefficient is 2.5, and the service life is greatly improved.
  • the other end of the transmission shaft 211 is fixedly mounted with a pinion 212, and the transmission shaft 211 is mounted on the transmission shaft bracket 215 through a pair of bearings G, and the large ring gear 213 is fixedly mounted on the outer middle portion of the sheave 206, and the sheave 206 passes through
  • the bearing H is mounted on the sheave shaft 214, and both ends of the sheave shaft 214 are respectively fixed to the shaft seat 217, and the pinion gear 212 meshes with the large ring gear 213.
  • the weight of the weight-bearing traction rope 4 and the driving rope 5 of the tower type non-guide wheel combination transmission pumping unit of the present invention is between 14 ⁇ and 26 ,, and the actual application depends on the load, and the diameter of the sheave 6 is D.
  • the range of choice is between 1400mm and 2100mm, which can guarantee M is not less than 700mm, and the ratio of D to d is controlled between 70-130, which is beneficial to improve the service life of the wire rope.
  • the overhead tower type non-guide wheel combined transmission pumping unit of the invention mainly solves the problem of fatigue life of the wire rope, especially for the tower type skimmer with a load of more than 12 tons, prolonging the service life of the wire rope, and it is also beneficial to It saves production costs and increases production efficiency, so it has great market prospects and strong industrial applicability.

Description

塔架式无导轮组合传动抽油机
技术领域
本发明涉及一种石油开采机械设备， 特别是涉及一种塔架式抽油机。
背景技术
目前， 在石油开采领域， 塔架式抽油机由于其结构简单、 成本低廉、 能耗小等优点正在 逐步取代游梁式抽油机， 但是同时塔架式抽油机本身存在几个相互关联的技术问题也在影响 制约着其大规模的推广与应用， 这些技术问题中最为突出的两个： 修井让位方式与钢丝绳寿 命。 在进行修井工作之前， 为了保证修井设备有足够的空间在井口进行操作， 塔架距离井口 的最小距离要保证在 700mm以上， 因此现在最为常见的修井让位方式有两种，一是将整个塔架 设置为可移动式， 在修井之前， 使用牵引设备拖动整个塔架远离井口， 由于塔架式抽油机的 主要设备都设置在塔架顶端， 重心较高， 因此整体移动塔架费时费力， 而且安全性较低； 二 是在塔架顶部设置向外伸出的导向轮， 由于导向轮向外伸出的距离可以根据需要进行调整， 因此在安装塔架时可以保证其距离井口大于 700mm， 但是考虑到塔架的稳定和成本等因素，一 般导向轮的直径都较小， 而钢丝绳的使用寿命又与其弯曲直径的大小息息相关， 再加上钢丝 绳在短距离内连续经过绳轮和导向轮， 在应力无法完全消除的情况下连续两次屈折， 加速了 钢丝绳的损坏， 如图 1所示的钢丝绳相对弯曲疲劳寿命系数图， 设定当钢丝绳的弯曲直径 D与 钢丝绳的直径 d的比值为 62时， 该钢丝绳的使用寿命系数为 1， 则比值越大， 其使用寿命就越 长， 而目前负载 12吨以下型号的塔架式抽油机所使用的导向轮的直径与钢丝绳直径的比值只 有 40-50左右，负载 12吨以上型号的塔架式抽油机所使用的导向轮的直径与钢丝绳直径的比值 仅仅只有 25-35左右， 因此， 直径较小的导向轮致使钢丝绳的使用寿命也随之缩短。 目前还有 一些塔架式抽油机采用皮带替换钢丝绳来解决钢丝绳寿命问题， 但是皮带在风的作用力下会 产生剧烈的摆动， 容易对抽油机的抽油杆和井口造成损坏。 现有的塔架式抽油机都不能同时 处理好上述技术问题。 本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种修井让位方式安全简便， 钢丝绳寿命较长的塔架式 无导轮组合传动抽油机。
本发明塔架式无导轮组合传动抽油机， 包括塔架、 动力系统、 传动系统、 控制系统、 平 衡配重箱、 配重牵引绳、 绳轮、 驱动绳和悬绳器， 所述动力系统、 传动系统、 控制系统和绳 轮安装在塔架顶部的操作平台上， 所述控制系统与动力系统连接， 控制系统控制动力系统的 换向位置和转速， 所述动力系统通过传动系统与绳轮传动连接， 其中所述绳轮通过绳轮支撑 装置固定在操作平台一侧， 绳轮的中轴线位于操作平台内， 且其中轴线在水平方向上与操作 平台边沿的最短距离为 L， 绳轮轮缘伸出操作平台， 且其最外端边缘在水平方向上与塔架的 最短距离为 M， 所述绳轮上开有若干固定孔， 所述配重牵引绳的一端固定在其中一组固定孔 上， 所述驱动绳的一端固定在另一组固定孔上， 所述配重牵引绳和驱动绳反方向缠绕在绳轮 上， 所述配重牵引绳的自由端通过悬绳器 A连接平衡配重箱， 且配重牵引绳的垂挂部分位于 塔架的纵向中心， 所述驱动绳的自由端通过悬绳器 B连接抽油杆， 所述操作平台与塔架的顶 部之间装有平台移动装置， 其中 L不小于 50 M不小于 700
本发明塔架式无导轮组合传动抽油机， 其中所述平台移动装置包括圆管滑道和滑套， 所 述圆管滑道固定安装在塔架顶部， 所述滑套通过其顶部的连接板与操作平台底部相连接， 滑 套套在圆管滑道上， 且滑套可在圆管滑道上滑动。
本发明塔架式无导轮组合传动抽油机， 其中所述滑套和圆管滑道之间还设有铜套， 所述 铜套连接在滑套内壁上， 且铜套与圆管滑道之间涂有润滑剂。
本发明塔架式无导轮组合传动抽油机， 其中所述平台移动装置包括顶丝、 滑轮和滑道， 所述顶丝竖直安装在操作平台内， 顶丝的下端与滑轮的转轴相连接， 所述滑道固定连接在塔 架顶部， 滑道与滑轮相配合。
本发明塔架式无导轮组合传动抽油机， 其中所述平台移动装置包括滑道和滑块， 所述滑 道固定连接在塔架顶部， 所述操作平台设置在滑道上， 操作平台与滑道之间设有滑块， 所述 滑块固定连接在滑道和 /或操作平台底部上， 滑块为高润滑性、 高耐磨性金属或工程塑料。
本发明塔架式无导轮组合传动抽油机， 其中所述塔架顶部设有操作平台定位板， 所述操 作平台定位板安装在滑道或圆管滑道上， 且位置可调。
本发明塔架式无导轮组合传动抽油机， 其中所述传动系统包括链轮 E、 链轮 F、 传动轴、 小齿轮、 大齿圈和绳轮轴， 所述动力系统的输出端与链轮 E固定连接， 所述链轮 E通过链条 带动链轮 F， 所述链轮 F固定安装在传动轴的一端， 所述传动轴的另一端固定装有小齿轮， 传动轴通过一对轴承 G安装在传动轴支架上， 所述大齿圈固定安装在绳轮的外侧中部， 所述 绳轮通过一对轴承 H安装在绳轮轴上， 所述绳轮轴的两端分别固定在轴座上， 所述轴座固定 在操作平台上， 所述绳轮轴、 轴承 H和轴座构成所述绳轮支撑装置， 所述小齿轮与大齿圈相 啮合。 本发明塔架式无导轮组合传动抽油机， 其中所述传动系统包括传动带、 小皮带链轮、 大 皮带链轮、 传动轴、 小齿轮、 大齿轮和绳轮轴， 所述动力系统的输出端与小皮带链轮固定连 接， 所述小皮带链轮通过传动带带动大皮带链轮， 所述大皮带链轮固定安装在传动轴的一端， 所述传动轴的另一端固定装有小齿轮， 传动轴通过一对轴承 c安装在传动轴支架上， 所述小 齿轮与大齿轮相啮合， 所述大齿轮通过销钉固定安装在绳轮一端， 所述绳轮内部通过一对轴 承 I装有绳轮轴， 所述绳轮轴的两端分别固定在轴座上， 所述轴座固定在操作平上， 所述绳 轮轴、 轴承 I和轴座构成所述绳轮支撑装置。
本发明塔架式无导轮组合传动抽油机， 其中所述塔架顶部与操作平台之间装有液压活塞 缸， 所述活塞缸铰接在塔架顶部， 所述活塞杆一端铰接在操作平台上。
本发明塔架式无导轮组合传动抽油机， 其中所述平衡配重箱设有主配重箱和多级副配重 块， 所述多级副配重块通过安装在主配重箱两侧的挂钩挂接在主配重箱上， 所述主配重箱和 多级副配重块内部装有水泥、 砂和铁， 所述多级副配重块的总重量低于主配重箱的总重量的
10%
本发明塔架式无导轮组合传动抽油机， 其中所述绳轮的直径为 D 1400mm^D^2100mm, 所述配重牵引绳和驱动绳的直径为 d 14 ^d 26 所述 D与 d的比值为 70-130
本发明塔架式无导轮组合传动抽油机， 其中所述动力系统为永磁同步制动电机。
本发明塔架式无导轮组合传动抽油机，其中所述控制系统设置在永磁同步制动电机内部。 本发明塔架式无导轮组合传动抽油机， 其中所述滑块的材料为不锈钢或聚四氟乙烯。 本发明塔架式无导轮组合传动抽油机与现有技术不同之处在于本发明塔架式无导轮组合 传动抽油机采用直径较大的绳轮取代导向轮，保证塔架与井口之间的距离大于 700mm的同时， 增加钢丝绳的弯曲直径， 从而使钢丝绳的寿命达到了预期的效果； 操作平台设置为可相对塔 架移动式， 当需要修井时， 可向远离井口方向移动操作平台使绳轮离开井口位置； 配重牵引 绳的垂挂部分位于塔架的纵向中心是为了充分利用塔架内部的空间， 在相同体积的情况下， 尽量减小平衡配重箱的厚度， 从而可以使塔架的高度适当降低， 或使用廉价的配重材料以节 省成本。
本发明塔架式无导轮组合传动抽油机中的滑套和圆管滑道组合形成的平台移动装置是最 简单可靠的移动方式； 滑道或圆管滑道上设置的操作平台定位板是为了限制操作平台后移的 范围， 保证生产安全； 传动系统通过链条将动力经过第一级减速传递给传动轴， 然后再通过 一对齿轮经过第二级减速带动绳轮轴， 从而带动复绕固定在绳轮上的抽油杆驱动绳和配重牵 引绳， 使抽油杆和平衡配重箱上下运动完成采油工作， 采用链条进行第一级减速传动的优点 在于减少动力损失， 在大负载的情况下保持较高的工作效率； 本发明塔架式无导轮组合传动 抽油机上用于带动绳轮转动的大齿圈固定安装在绳轮的外侧中部， 使主轴和复绕在绳轮两端 的驱动绳在整个运转过程中受力均衡， 也使整个操作平台上的设备更加紧凑， 重心更加平稳； 同时， 将齿轮改为大齿圈， 缩小操作平台的面积也使整套抽油机的成本有所降低； 本发明塔 架式无导轮组合传动抽油机的平衡配重箱采用主、 副配重块多级可调配重， 根据负载的变化 配合动力系统调整配重， 达到低耗高效的工作状态； 本发明塔架式无导轮组合传动抽油机所 使用的绳轮直径与所选用的钢丝绳直径的比值可以控制在 70-100， 提高钢丝绳的使用寿命 2. 5-5倍。
下面结合附图对本发明的塔架式无导轮组合传动抽油机作进一步说明。
附图说明
图 1为钢丝绳相对弯曲疲劳寿命系数图；
图 2为本发明塔架式无导轮组合传动抽油机第一种实施方式的主视图；
图 3为图 2的俯视图；
图 4 为本发明塔架式无导轮组合传动抽油机第一种实施方式的平台移动装置结构示意 图；
图 5 为本发明塔架式无导轮组合传动抽油机第二种实施方式的平台移动装置结构示意 图；
图 6为图 5的右视图；
图 7为本发明塔架式无导轮组合传动抽油机第一种实施方式的传动系统结构示意图； 图 8为本发明塔架式无导轮组合传动抽油机第二种实施方式的传动系统结构示意图。 具体实施方式
如图 2和图 3所示的塔架式无导轮组合传动抽油机为本发明的第一种实施方式， 包括塔 架 1、 动力系统 2、 传动系统、 控制系统、 平衡配重箱 3、 配重牵引绳 4、 驱动绳 5和悬绳器， 其中动力系统 2、 传动系统和绳轮 6安装在塔架 1顶部的操作平台 7上， 动力系统 2为永磁 同步制动电机， 控制系统安装在永磁同步制动电机内， 工作人员可以通过控制系统的无线或 有线控制器在塔架 1下面对整个塔架式无导轮组合传动抽油机进行控制操作。结合图 7所示， 传动系统包括传动带 8、 小皮带链轮 9、 大皮带链轮 10、 传动轴 11、 小齿轮 12、 大齿轮 13 和绳轮轴 14， 动力系统 2的输出端与小皮带链轮 9固定连接， 小皮带链轮 9通过传动带 8带 动大皮带链轮 10， 大皮带链轮 10固定安装在传动轴 11的一端， 传动轴 11的另一端固定装 有小齿轮 12， 传动轴 11通过一对轴承 C安装在传动轴支架 15上， 小齿轮 12与大齿轮 13相 啮合， 大齿轮 13通过销钉 16固定安装在绳轮 6—端， 绳轮 6内部通过一对轴承 I装有绳轮 轴 14， 绳轮轴 14的两端分别固定在轴座 17上， 轴座 17固定在操作平台 7上。 绳轮 6的中 轴线位于操作平台 7内， 且其中轴线在水平方向上与操作平台 7边沿的最短距离为 L， L为 100mm, 绳轮 6轮缘伸出操作平台 7， 且其最外端边缘在水平方向上与塔架 1的最短距离为 M， M为 800mm， 绳轮 6上开有若干固定孔 18、 18 '， 配重牵引绳 4的一端固定在其中一组 固定孔 18上， 驱动绳 5的一端固定在另一组固定孔 18 ' 上， 配重牵引绳 4和驱动绳 5反方 向缠绕在绳轮 6上，配重牵引绳 4的自由端通过悬绳器 A连接平衡配重箱 3， 且配重牵引绳 4 的垂挂部分位于塔架 1的纵向中心， 驱动绳 5的自由端通过悬绳器 B连接抽油杆 19， 平衡配 重箱 3设有主配重箱 20和多级副配重块 21， 多级副配重块 21通过安装在主配重箱 20两侧 的挂钩 22挂接在主配重箱 20上， 主配重箱 20和多级副配重块 21内部装有水泥、 砂和铁， 多级副配重块 21的总重量低于主配重箱 20的总重量的 10%， 工作人员可以根据抽油杆 19实 际的负载情况，调节平衡配重箱 3的重量，使抽油杆 19和配重处于一种相对平衡的工作状态， 从而降低动力系统 2和传动系统的能量消耗。
如图 4所示， 操作平台 7与塔架 1的顶部之间装有平台移动装置， 平台移动装置包括顶 丝 23、滑轮 24和滑道 25， 顶丝 23竖直安装在操作平台 7内， 顶丝 23的下端与滑轮 24的转 轴相连接， 滑道 25铆接在塔架 1顶部， 滑道 25与滑轮 24相配合。 塔架 1顶部与操作平台 7 之间装有液压活塞缸， 活塞缸 26铰接在塔架 1顶部， 活塞杆 27—端铰接在操作平台 7上。 在进行修井工作之前， 使用工具转动顶丝 23将操作平台 7顶离塔架 1， 启动液压活塞缸， 使 活塞杆 27推动操作平台 7向远离井口方向移动， 将井口位置让出。
如图 5和图 6所示， 本发明塔架式无导轮组合传动抽油机第二种实施方式的平台移动装 置包括圆管滑道 225和滑套 224， 圆管滑道 225安装在塔架 1顶部， 滑套 224通过其顶部的 连接板 223和连接板 223上的螺栓与操作平台 7底部相连接，滑套 224套在圆管滑道 225上， 且滑套 224可在圆管滑道 225上滑动， 滑套 224和圆管滑道 225之间还套有铜套 228， 铜套 228镶嵌在滑套 224内壁上， 且铜套 228与圆管滑道 225之间涂有润滑剂。每条圆管滑道 225 上还装有两个操作平台定位板 229， 滑套 224只能在两个操作平台定位板 229之间滑动。
平台移动装置还可以是另一种实施方式 （图中未示出）， 平台移动装置包括滑道和滑块， 滑道铆接在塔架顶部， 操作平台设置在滑道上， 操作平台与滑道之间设有滑块， 滑块粘接或 铆接在滑道和操作平台底部上， 或者粘接或铆接在滑道和操作平台之一上， 滑块为高润滑性、 高耐磨性金属或工程塑料， 例如不锈钢、 聚四氟乙烯 （俗称铁氟龙） 等。
上述实施方式中绳轮 6的直径 D为 1800mm左右， 而配重牵引绳 4和驱动绳 5所选用的 钢丝绳 d直径为 20mm， 则 D/d为 90， 参照图 1所示， 其使用寿命系数为 2.5， 使用寿命得到 较大提升。
图 8所示的本发明塔架式无导轮组合传动抽油机的第二种实施方式的传动系统， 这种实 施方式用链轮 E、 F代替第一种实施方式中的小皮带链轮 9和大皮带链轮 10， 用大齿圈 213 代替大齿轮 13， 链轮 E安装在动力系统 202的输出端， 链轮 E通过链条带动链轮 F， 链轮 F 固定安装在传动轴 211的一端， 传动轴 211的另一端固定装有小齿轮 212， 传动轴 211通过 一对轴承 G安装在传动轴支架 215上，大齿圈 213固定安装在绳轮 206的外侧中部，绳轮 206 通过一对轴承 H安装在绳轮轴 214上，绳轮轴 214的两端分别固定在轴座 217上，小齿轮 212 与大齿圈 213相啮合。
本发明塔架式无导轮组合传动抽油机的配重牵引绳 4和驱动绳 5所选用的钢丝绳直径 d 在 14匪至 26匪之间，实际应用根据负载而定，绳轮 6直径 D的选用范围在 1400mm至 2100mm 之间， 可以保证 M不小于 700mm， 并且使 D与 d的比值控制在 70-130之间， 有利于提高钢 丝绳的使用寿命。
以上所述的实施例仅仅是对本发明的优选实施方式进行描述， 并非对本发明的范围进行 限定， 在不脱离本发明设计精神的前提下， 本领域普通技术人员对本发明的技术方案作出的 各种变形和改进， 均应落入本发明权利要求书确定的保护范围内。
工业实用性
本发明顶置塔架式无导轮组合传动抽油机主要解决了钢丝绳疲劳寿命问题， 特别是对于 负载 12吨以上的塔架式收油机， 延长了钢丝绳的使用寿命， 也必将有利于节约生产成本和提 高生产效率， 因此具有很大的市场前景和很强的工业实用性。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1、 一种塔架式无导轮组合传动抽油机， 包括塔架、 动力系统、 传动系统、 控制系统、 平 衡配重箱、 配重牵引绳、 绳轮、 驱动绳和悬绳器， 所述动力系统、 传动系统、 控制系统和绳 轮安装在塔架顶部的操作平台上， 所述控制系统与动力系统连接， 控制系统控制动力系统的 换向位置和转速， 所述动力系统通过传动系统与绳轮传动连接， 其特征在于： 所述绳轮通过 绳轮支撑装置固定在操作平台一侧， 绳轮的中轴线位于操作平台内， 且其中轴线在水平方向 上与操作平台边沿的最短距离为 L， 绳轮轮缘伸出操作平台， 且其最外端边缘在水平方向上 与塔架的最短距离为 M， 所述绳轮上开有若干固定孔， 所述配重牵引绳的一端固定在其中一 组固定孔上， 所述驱动绳的一端固定在另一组固定孔上， 所述配重牵引绳和驱动绳反方向缠 绕在绳轮上， 所述配重牵引绳的自由端通过悬绳器 A连接平衡配重箱， 且配重牵引绳的垂挂 部分位于塔架的纵向中心， 所述驱动绳的自由端通过悬绳器 B连接抽油杆， 所述操作平台与 塔架的顶部之间装有平台移动装置， 其中 L不小于 50mm， M不小于 700mm。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的塔架式无导轮组合传动抽油机， 其特征在于： 所述平台移动装 置包括圆管滑道和滑套， 所述圆管滑道固定安装在塔架顶部， 所述滑套通过其顶部的连接板 与操作平台底部相连接， 滑套套在圆管滑道上， 且滑套可在圆管滑道上滑动。
3、 根据权利要求 2所述的塔架式无导轮组合传动抽油机， 其特征在于： 所述滑套和圆管 滑道之间还设有铜套， 所述铜套连接在滑套内壁上， 且铜套与圆管滑道之间涂有润滑剂。
4、 根据权利要求 1所述的塔架式无导轮组合传动抽油机， 其特征在于： 所述平台移动装 置包括顶丝、 滑轮和滑道， 所述顶丝竖直安装在操作平台内， 顶丝的下端与滑轮的转轴相连 接， 所述滑道固定连接在塔架顶部， 滑道与滑轮相配合。
5、 根据权利要求 1所述的塔架式无导轮组合传动抽油机， 其特征在于： 所述平台移动装 置包括滑道和滑块， 所述滑道固定连接在塔架顶部， 所述操作平台设置在滑道上， 操作平台 与滑道之间设有滑块， 所述滑块固定连接在滑道和 /或操作平台底部上， 滑块为高润滑性、 高 耐磨性金属或工程塑料。
6、 根据权利要求 1至 5所述之一的塔架式无导轮组合传动抽油机， 其特征在于： 所述塔 架顶部设有操作平台定位板， 所述操作平台定位板安装在滑道或圆管滑道上， 且位置可调。
7、 根据权利要求 1至 5所述之一的塔架式无导轮组合传动抽油机， 其特征在于： 所述传 动系统包括链轮5、 链轮 F、 传动轴、 小齿轮、 大齿圈和绳轮轴， 所述动力系统的输出端与链 轮 E固定连接， 所述链轮 E通过链条带动链轮 F， 所述链轮 F固定安装在传动轴的一端， 所 述传动轴的另一端固定装有小齿轮， 传动轴通过一对轴承 G安装在传动轴支架上， 所述大齿 圈固定安装在绳轮的外侧中部， 所述绳轮通过一对轴承 H安装在绳轮轴上， 所述绳轮轴的两 端分别固定在轴座上， 所述轴座固定在操作平台上， 所述绳轮轴、 轴承 H和轴座构成所述绳 轮支撑装置， 所述小齿轮与大齿圈相啮合。
8、 根据权利要求 1至 5所述之一的塔架式无导轮组合传动抽油机， 其特征在于： 所述传 动系统包括传动带、 小皮带链轮、 大皮带链轮、 传动轴、 小齿轮、 大齿轮和绳轮轴， 所述动 力系统的输出端与小皮带链轮固定连接， 所述小皮带链轮通过传动带带动大皮带链轮， 所述 大皮带链轮固定安装在传动轴的一端， 所述传动轴的另一端固定装有小齿轮， 传动轴通过一 对轴承 C安装在传动轴支架上， 所述小齿轮与大齿轮相啮合， 所述大齿轮通过销钉固定安装 在绳轮一端， 所述绳轮内部通过一对轴承 I装有绳轮轴， 所述绳轮轴的两端分别固定在轴座 上， 所述轴座固定在操作平台上， 所述绳轮轴、 轴承 I和轴座构成所述绳轮支撑装置。
9、 根据权利要求 1至 5所述之一的塔架式无导轮组合传动抽油机， 其特征在于： 所述塔 架顶部与操作平台之间装有液压活塞缸， 所述活塞缸铰接在塔架顶部， 所述活塞杆一端铰接 在操作平台上。
10、 根据权利要求 1至 5所述之一的塔架式无导轮组合传动抽油机， 其特征在于： 所述 平衡配重箱设有主配重箱和多级副配重块， 所述多级副配重块通过安装在主配重箱两侧的挂 钩挂接在主配重箱上， 所述主配重箱和多级副配重块内部装有水泥、 砂和铁， 所述多级副配 重块的总重量低于主配重箱的总重量的 10%。
11、 根据权利要求 1至 5所述之一的塔架式无导轮组合传动抽油机， 其特征在于： 所述 绳轮的直径为 D， 1400mm^D^2100mm,所述配重牵引绳和驱动绳的直径为 d， l½im d 26匪， 所述 D与 d的比值为 70-130。
12、 根据权利要求 1至 5所述之一的塔架式无导轮组合传动抽油机， 其特征在于： 所述 动力系统为永磁同步制动电机。
13、根据权利要求 12所述的塔架式无导轮组合传动抽油机， 其特征在于： 所述控制系统 设置在永磁同步制动电机内部。
14、 根据权利要求 5所述的塔架式无导轮组合传动抽油机， 其特征在于： 所述滑块的材 料为不锈钢或聚四氟乙烯。
PCT/CN2010/070586 2010-01-11 2010-02-09 塔架式无导轮组合传动抽油机 WO2011082557A1 (zh)

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