WO2011079496A1 - 声波处理水稻种子促进增产方法及其装置 - Google Patents

声波处理水稻种子促进增产方法及其装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011079496A1
WO2011079496A1 PCT/CN2010/001183 CN2010001183W WO2011079496A1 WO 2011079496 A1 WO2011079496 A1 WO 2011079496A1 CN 2010001183 W CN2010001183 W CN 2010001183W WO 2011079496 A1 WO2011079496 A1 WO 2011079496A1
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Prior art keywords
rice
ultrasonic
soaking
promoting
container
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PCT/CN2010/001183
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
严卓晟
严卓理
严锦璇
唐湘如
黎国喜
杨治中
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广州市新栋力超声电子设备有限公司
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Priority to US13/509,281 priority Critical patent/US8950109B2/en
Publication of WO2011079496A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011079496A1/zh

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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00Botany in general
    • A01G7/04Electric or magnetic or acoustic treatment of plants for promoting growth
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C1/00Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/20Cereals
    • A01G22/22Rice

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of rice seed treatment, and is specifically a method and device for promoting stimulation of rice seed by sound wave treatment.
  • Background Rice is one of the world's leading three major grain crops, grain acreage sown area accounts for 1/5 of annual production of about 480 million tons, accounting for 1/4 of the world's total grain output, half of the world More than one population is rice-based. Rice is also one of the most important cultivated crops in China, and its production volume accounts for 1/2 of the national grain output. Therefore, the advancement of rice production technology is of great significance for improving food security in China and the world. As an important environmental stress, ultrasonic has been applied to promote the increase of horticultural crops and improve the efficiency of crop breeding.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a method for promoting the stimulation of rice seed by the sonication of the rice planting production in view of the deficiencies of the above-mentioned sound waves in the rice production application.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a corresponding sonication rice seed promoting stimulation device.
  • the technical solution of the present invention is achieved as follows:
  • the method for sonicating rice seeds to promote yield increase comprises the following steps:
  • Rice seeds are subjected to air-selection and/or water-selection treatment to remove incompletely grown seeds and imperfect grains and sundries;
  • seed soaking the seed soaking process can be pretreated with weak acoustic wave irradiation with a power density of between 0.25 and 250 w/L, generally using an indirect pulse mode, and the total time of sonic pretreatment is not more than 45 minutes, preferably 25 ⁇ 25w
  • the preferred range of the power density is 0. 25 ⁇ 25w, the above-mentioned power density is preferably in the range of 0. 25 ⁇ 25w Between /L.
  • the removed rice seeds can be placed on a wooden or bamboo non-closed container basket.
  • the inner layer of the basket must be covered with 1 ⁇ 2 layers of cotton linen, and the rice seeds are covered with 1 ⁇ 2 layers of cotton linen.
  • the thickness of the rice seeds is between 2 and 8 cm, placed in a ventilated place in the room, and sprayed with water to keep the rice seeds moist.
  • the radicle of the rice seeds is 1 grain length and the embryo is half. The grain is planted for a long time.
  • the acoustic wave frequencies of the arrays disposed in the container of the acoustic wave to be installed may be identical or different; the method of opening the acoustic wave irradiation may be continuous or pulsed.
  • the sonicating rice seed promoting stimulation device comprises a container for holding the soaking liquid and a stirring device, and at least one ultrasonic transducer is disposed on the side and/or the bottom of the container.
  • the ultrasonic transducers are arranged in an array on the side of the container or at the bottom of the container.
  • the sonicating rice seed promoting stimulation device comprises a container for soaking seeds, a stirrer, an ultrasonic function tank and a rice hopper, the stirrer is disposed in the container, and the ultrasonic transducer is arranged on the side of the container; the one end of the ultrasonic function tank is provided with the soaking seed
  • the liquid receiving tank is provided with a container directly above the soaking liquid holding tank; the other end of the ultrasonic functional tank is connected with the rice receiving bucket; the ultrasonic functional tank is provided with a conveyor belt and at least one ultrasonic vibration plate, and the ultrasonic vibration plate passes through the wire Connected to the ultrasonic generator.
  • the ultrasonic vibration plates are arranged in two or more arrays in the ultrasonic function tank.
  • the advantageous effects of the present invention are compared with the prior art: (1) The yield of rice can be remarkably improved by the above-described sonication treatment. Ultrasonic treatment at 40 kHz increased the yield of Petri Taifeng by 9.43%, while that of cinnamon at 20 kHz increased by 10.55 °/ compared with the control. . The main reason for rice yield increase is that sonication increases the number of effective panicles and the number of spikelets per unit area. (2) Sonic treatment significantly reduced the chalkiness and chalkiness of rice. (3) Sonic treatment significantly increased the gel consistency of rice. (4) The above-mentioned rice sonic processing equipment facilitates current planting production and improves production efficiency.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 1 of a sonication-promoting rice seed-promoting stimulation device
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 2 of a sonication-treated rice seed-promoting stimulation device
  • Embodiment 3 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 3 of a sonication-promoting rice seed-promoting stimulation device
  • Figure 4 is a schematic view showing the structure of Embodiment 4 of the sonication-promoting rice seed-promoting stimulation device
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view showing the structure of Embodiment 5 of the sonication-promoting rice seed-promoting stimulation device
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment 65 of a sonication-promoting rice seed-promoting stimulation device
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 7 of a sonication-promoting rice seed-promoting stimulation device
  • Figure 8 is a schematic view showing the structure of Embodiment 8 of the sonication-promoting rice seed-promoting stimulation device
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic view showing the structure of Example 9 of the sonication-promoting rice seed-promoting stimulation device.
  • Sonic treatment of rice seed to promote yield increase methods including the following steps:
  • Rice seeds are subjected to air-selection and/or water-selection treatment to remove incompletely grown seeds and imperfect grains and sundries;
  • the seed can be soaked at room temperature, preferably under the immersion liquid at a temperature of 25 to 37 degrees; the seed soaking process can be pretreated by a weak acoustic wave irradiation having a power density of between 0.25 and 250 w/L, generally ⁇ Indirect pulse mode, the total time of sonic pretreatment is not more than 45 minutes, preferably 1 ⁇ 45 minutes; accompanied by moderately slow stirring to avoid interference with sound waves, the whole process makes rice in the immersion system Evenly spread the ⁇ 3 3 ⁇ 43 ⁇ 4.
  • the power density can be 0. 25 ⁇ 800w / L for sonic processing, sonic processing time between 2 minutes ⁇ 60 minutes, with moderately slow stirring to not Causes interference with sound waves.
  • the whole process (including soaking process) allows the rice seeds to be evenly dispersed and slowly floated in water or diluted nutrient activation solution, so as to obtain a balanced acoustic irradiation effect on all rice seeds.
  • the acoustic wave frequency is preferably between 18kh Z and 60khz, and the stimulation effect of this frequency band is more obvious.
  • the preferred ultrasonic frequency can be 20 to 40 khz, and the treatment effect is optimal at this frequency.
  • the power density of the sound wave may be 0. l ⁇ 3w/cm 2 .
  • the preferred sound wave power density can be 0. 25 ⁇ 80w / L o
  • the preferred sonication time is between 20 minutes and 60 minutes.
  • the sonicated rice seeds are taken out from the soaking solution, and left to stand until the rice seeds spit out the convex white spots.
  • the removed rice seeds can be placed on a wooden or bamboo non-closed container basket.
  • the inner layer of the basket must be covered with 1 ⁇ 2 layers of cotton linen, and the rice seeds are covered with 1 ⁇ 2 layers of cotton linen.
  • the thickness of the rice seeds is between 2 and 8 cm, placed in a ventilated place in the room, and sprayed with water to keep the rice seeds moist.
  • the radicle of the rice seeds is 1 grain length and the embryo is half. The grain is planted for a long time.
  • the sound waves may be identical or different in frequency when used, and the method of opening the sound waves may be continuous or pulsed, which is determined according to factors such as the variety of rice seeds.
  • the sonicating rice seed promoting stimulation device mainly comprises a container 1 for holding rice seeds and soaking liquid and a stirring device 2, and at least one ultrasonic transducer for generating sound waves is arranged on the side or bottom of the container. 3.
  • the ultrasonic transducer 3 is connected to the ultrasonic transmitter 7 via a wire 6.
  • the stirring device 2 may be an agitator that is integrally connected to the container 1 or is provided independently.
  • the container 1 is generally a substantially basic cube or a rectangular parallelepiped.
  • An ultrasonic transducer is generally disposed on the outer wall of the bottom of the container 1, and the ultrasonic irradiation direction is directed vertically from the bottom to the inside of the container chamber.
  • the rice seeds are placed in a container. Adding 2 ⁇ 5 times of the immersion liquid of rice seed quality, the ultrasonic transmitter is turned on, and the inside of the container 1 is subjected to ultrasonic irradiation, and directly acts on the rice seed in the immersion liquid.
  • the ultrasonic transducers 3 may be arranged in an array on the side and/or the bottom of the container 1.
  • Containers containing rice seeds and soaking liquids 1 The shape and construction are not limited to a fixed shape.
  • the container 1 may be of a cylindrical can body type, and the ultrasonic transducer 3 array is disposed on the outer side wall of the can body.
  • the container 1 may be in the form of a polygon, and the ultrasonic transducer 3 is arranged at the bottom of the side wall of the can body. Ultrasonic waves can be irradiated to the interior of the container from different locations and at different angles, such as the bottom and sides.
  • the container 1 may have a hemispherical bowl shape, and the ultrasonic transducer 3 array is disposed at the bottom of the side wall of the can body.
  • the container 1 may be in the shape of a cone of the cone, and the array of the super transducer 3 is disposed at the bottom of the side wall of the can.
  • the ultrasonic energy can be gathered around the agitator 2 for better processing.
  • an ultrasonic tube rod is disposed in the container 1, and one end of the ultrasonic tube rod 5 is connected to the clamp type ultrasonic transducer 4, and the ultrasonic tube rod is used as an axis to uniformly spread around the broad liquid immersion system. Irradiation, the treatment effect is optimized.
  • An agitator 2 is provided in the container 1.
  • the sonication treatment rice seed promoting stimulation device as shown in Fig. 9, comprises a soaking container 1, a stirrer 3, an ultrasonic function tank 12 and a rice hopper 13, the agitator 2 is disposed in the container 1, and the side of the container is provided with ultrasonic Transducer 3.
  • One end of the ultrasonic function tank 12 is provided with a soaking liquid tank, and a container 1 is disposed directly above the soaking liquid tank 9.
  • the other end of the ultrasonic function tank 12 is connected to the rice hopper 13.
  • the ultrasonic function tank 12 is provided with a conveyor belt 11 and at least one ultrasonic vibration plate 8, and the ultrasonic vibration plate 8 is connected to the ultrasonic generator 7 through a wire.
  • the ultrasonic vibration plates 8 are arranged in a plurality of arrays within the ultrasonic functional tank 12.
  • the soaking is carried out in the container 1, and the rice seeds are irradiated by pulsed ultrasonic waves with the aid of the agitator 2, and then the rice seeds and the soaking liquid are discharged together into the soaking liquid holding tank 9, the rice seeds and
  • the soaking liquid flows from the soaking liquid tank 9 into the conveyor belt 11 and is transported into the ultrasonic function tank 12 for continuous ultrasonic irradiation along the path, and then transported to the rice hopper 13 to carry out the collected treated rice seeds for subsequent processing. Germination treatment.
  • a soaking liquid conduit is disposed in the ultrasonic function tank 12, and the soaking liquid or the liquid can be injected into the ultrasonic function tank 12, and the soaking liquid can be discharged. This can achieve continuous processing of rice seeds,
  • the sonication of rice in the seed stage can be continued to the growth stage of the rice field, and the number of effective panicles, the number of spikelets and the yield of rice are significantly increased. It has a similar effect on other common crops such as wheat. It may be that during the sonication process, the activity of the enzyme in the rice embryo is increased and even the genetic material is changed. In general, after sonication, the yield of rice can be significantly increased. Ultrasonic treatment at 40 kHz increased the yield of Peizaifeng by 9.43%, while that of cinnamon at 20 kHz increased by 10.55% compared with the control. The main reason for the increase in rice production is that sonication increases the number of effective panicles and the number of spikelets per unit area. In addition, the chalkiness and chalkiness of rice can be significantly reduced. After the test, the C-degree of ⁇ e white was also significantly reduced after sonication. Sonic treatment significantly increased the gel consistency of cinnamon.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Ecology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
  • Cereal-Derived Products (AREA)

Description

声波处理水稻种子促进增产方法及其装置
技术领域
本发明属于水稻种子处理技术领域, 具体为一种声波处理水稻种子促进增 产方法及其装置。 背景技术 水稻是世界上最主要的三大粮食作物之一,播种面积占粮食播种面积的 1/5, 年产量约 4.8亿吨, 占世界粮食总产量的 1/4, 全世界二分之一以上的人口以水稻 为主食。 水稻也是我国最主要的栽培作物之一, 其产书量占全国粮食产量的 1/2。 因此, 水稻生产技术的进步对提高我国乃至全世界的粮食安全具有极其重要的 意义。 超声波作为重要的环境应力, 在促进园艺作物增产和提高作物育种效率 等方面已经得到一定的应用。任兴安(1993 )和杨波( 陕西理工学院电气系, 陕 西汉中 723003) 于《大众科技》杂志 2006年第 7期发表的《超声波的应用初探》 探索了超声对水稻生长发育及增产效果的影响。 也曾先后探讨了超声波对水稻 生长发育及产量的影响。 以往的研究虽发现超声波处对水稻有一定程度的增产 作用, 但效果并不稳定, 在某一超声处理条件下增产而在另一处理下却减产。 这是因为, 超声波对种子的处理效果与水稻种子前处理技术和超声波参数的设 计均有密切的关系, 任何一个环节的疏漏, 将导致完全相反的结构。 但目前国 内外尚未见水稻种子超声波处理方法的报道和公开专利, 这也是目前超声波技 术未在水稻生产上大面积应用的重要原因。 另外, 过去的研究大多援用工业用 超声波清洗机来进行水稻种子处理, 尚无针对水稻种子特点而设计的专门的超 声波水稻种子处理机。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于针对上述声波在水稻生产应用中存在的不足, 提供一种 对水稻种植增产效果明显的声波处理水稻种子促进增产方法。
本发明的另一目的在于提供相应的声波处理水稻种子促进增产装置。
本发明的技术方案是这样实现的: 声波处理水稻种子促进增产方法, 包括 以下步骤:
( 1 )、 水稻种子经风选和 /或水选处理, 清除发育不完全种粒和不完善粒及 杂物;
( 2 )、 浸种 10〜12小时, 可用清水浸种, 也可配制营养活化液及添加有抗 病虫害药液作为浸种液; 可以是常温浸种, 优选的在温度为 25〜37度的浸液下 进行浸种; 浸种过程可给予功率密度为 0. 25〜250w/L之间的幅度的微弱性声波 辐照进行预处理, 一般采用间接式脉冲方式作用, 声波预处理总时间不超过 45 分钟, 优选为 1〜45分钟; 并伴随有适度缓慢的搅拌作用以不造成对声波干扰, 全过程令稻谷在浸液体系中作均匀分散状态的漂浮活动; 上述功率密度的优选 的范围为 0. 25〜25w/L之间。
( 3 )、 釆用声波频率为 10khz〜2000khz之间, 功率密度为 0. 25〜800w/L 进行声波处理, 声波处理的时间为 2分钟〜 60分钟之间, 并伴随适度缓慢的搅 拌以不造成对声波干扰, 全过程 (包括浸种过程)令水稻种子在水或者稀释营 养活化液中作均匀分散缓慢漂浮活动, 尽量使所有稻谷种子获得均衡的声波辐 照作用;
( 4) , 将经声波处理好的稻谷种子从浸种液中取出, 静置到水稻种子吐出 凸白点。 可以将取出的稻谷种子放在木质或者竹质编制而成的非紧密性容器篮 架上, 篮架内层须铺垫 1〜2层棉麻布, 又在稻种上盖上 1〜2层棉麻布, 稻种 的厚度在 2〜8CM之间, 置于室内通风处, 并适时喷水保持稻种湿润, 经 3〜5 天如此处理, 当水稻种子的胚根为 1粒谷长, 胚芽为半粒谷长时播种。
在装设的声波的容器中所设置布阵的声波频率, 可以完全相同的、 也可以 是不同的; 开启声波辐照方法可以是连续性的也可以是脉冲式的。
声波处理水稻种子促进增产装置, 包括盛装浸种液的容器和搅拌装置, 在 容器的侧面和 /或底部设置有最少一个超声换能器。
所述的超声换能器在容器的侧面或者容器的底部为阵列式布置。
声波处理水稻种子促进增产装置, 包括浸种的容器、 搅拌器、 超声功能槽 和水稻盛接斗, 搅拌器设置在容器内, 容器的侧面设置有超声换能器; 超声功 能槽的一端设置有浸种液盛接罐, 浸种液盛接罐的正上方设置有容器; 超声功 能槽的另一端与水稻盛接斗连接; 在超声功能槽设置有输送带和最少一个超声 振板, 超声振板通过导线与超声波发生器连接。
所述的超声振板在超声功能槽内为两个以上的阵列式布置。
与现有技术相比, 本发明的有益效果是: (1 ) 通过上述的声波处理可以显 著地提高了水稻的产量。 40kHz超声波处理可以使培杂泰丰增产 9. 43%, 而桂香 占 20kHz处理比对照增产达到 10. 55°/。。 水稻增产的主要原因是声波处理提高了 水稻的有效穗数和单位面积颖花数。 (2) 声波处理显著降低了水稻的垩白粒率 和垩白度。 (3 ) 声波处理显著提高了水稻的胶稠度。 (4) 上述的水稻声波处 理设备方便了现行种植生产, 提高了生产效率。
附图说明 图 1为声波处理水稻种子促进增产装置的实施例 1的结构示意图; 图 2为声波处理水稻种子促进增产装置的实施例 2的结构示意图;
图 3为声波处理水稻种子促进增产装置的实施例 3的结构示意图;
图 4为声波处理水稻种子促进增产装置的实施例 4的结构示意图;
图 5为声波处理水稻种子促进增产装置的实施例 5的结构示意图;
图 6为声波处理水稻种子促进增产装置的实施例 65的结构示意图; 图 7为声波处理水稻种子促进增产装置的实施例 7的结构示意图;
图 8为声波处理水稻种子促进增产装置的实施例 8的结构示意图;
图 9为声波处理水稻种子促进增产装置的实施例 9的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施例对本发明声波处理水稻种子促进增产方法及其装置进 行详细的说明。
声波处理水稻种子促进增产方法, 包括以下步璩:
( 1 )、 水稻种子经风选和 /或水选处理, 清除发育不完全种粒和不完善粒及 杂物;
( 2 )、 浸种 10〜12小时, 可用清水浸种, 也可配制营养活化液及添加有抗 病虫害药液作为浸种液以杀死隐藏在水稻种子之间的病虫和细菌。 可以是常温 浸种, 优选的在温度为 25〜37度的浸液下进行浸种; 浸种过程可给予功率密度 为 0. 25〜250w/L之间的幅度的微弱性声波辐照进行预处理, 一般釆用间接式脉 冲方式作用, 声波预处理总时间不超过 45分钟, 优选为 1〜45分钟; 并伴随 有适度缓慢的搅拌作用以不造成对声波干扰,全过程令稻谷在浸液体系中作均匀 撒柷态隠孚 ¾¾。¾±Μ»麵 I0J 功率密度鶴范瞎以是 0· 25〜25w/L ( 3 )、 采用声波频率为 10khz〜2000khz 之间, 功率密度可以为 0. 25〜 800w/L进行声波处理, 声波处理的时间为 2分钟〜 60分钟之间, 并伴随适度缓 慢的搅拌以不造成对声波干扰。 全过程(包括浸种过程) 令水稻种子在水或者 稀释营养活化液中作均匀分散缓慢漂浮活动, 尽量使所有稻谷种子获得均衡的 声辐照作用。 声波频率优选 18khZ〜60khz之间的超声波, 这个频段的增产效果 更加明显。优选的超声波频率可以为 20〜40khz, 在此频率下处理效果最佳。另 外, 声波的功率密度可以为 0. l〜3w/cm2。 优选的声波的功率密度可以 0. 25〜 80w/Lo 优选的声波处理的时间为 20分钟〜 60分钟之间。
(4 ), 将经声波处理好的稻谷种子从浸种液中取出, 静置到水稻种子吐出 凸白点。 可以将取出的稻谷种子放在木质或者竹质编制而成的非紧密性容器篮 架上, 篮架内层须铺垫 1〜2层棉麻布, 又在稻种上盖上 1〜2层棉麻布, 稻种 的厚度在 2〜8CM之间, 置于室内通风处, 并适时喷水保持稻种湿润, 经 3〜5 天如此处理, 当水稻种子的胚根为 1粒谷长, 胚芽为半粒谷长时播种。
所述的声波在使用的时候频率可以是完全相同的或者是不相同的, 开启声 波辐照方法可以是连续性的或者是脉冲式的, 这需要根据水稻种子的品种等因 素确定。
声波处理水稻种子促进增产装置, 如图 1〜图 3所示, 主要包括盛装水稻 种子和浸种液的容器 1和搅拌装置 2,在容器的侧面或者底部设置有最少一个产 生声波的超声换能器 3,超声换能器 3通过导线 6与超声波发射器 7连接。搅拌 装置 2可以是与容器 1连为一体或者是独立设置的搅拌器。 容器 1一般为最基 本的正方体或者长方体, 在一般在容器 1 的底部的外壁布设超声换能器, 其超 声辐照方向自下而上垂直指向容器腔体内。 在应用时, 水稻种子放入容器内, 加入水稻种子质量 2〜5倍的浸液,开启超声发射器,容器 1内受到超声波辐照, 直接作用于浸液内的水稻种上。
超声换能器 3在容器 1的侧面和 /或底部可以为阵列式布置。 盛装水稻种 子和浸种液的容器 1造型和构造不局限于固定的形体。 如图 4所示, 容器 1可 以为圆筒罐体式, 超声换能器 3布阵设置在罐体的外侧壁。如图 5所示, 容器 1 可以为多边形的形式, 超声换能器 3布阵设置在罐体的侧壁的底部。 超声波可 以从底部和侧部等不同位置和不同角度向容器内部进行辐照。
如图 6所示, 容器 1可以为半球形的碗状, 超声换能器 3布阵设置在罐体 的侧壁的底部。 如 7所示, 容器 1可以为锥形体的聚焦状, 超生换能器 3布阵 设置在罐体的侧壁的底部。 超声波能量可以聚拢搅拌器 2周围, 处理效果更加 好。
如图 8所示, 在容器 1内设置有超声管棒, 超声管棒 5的一端与钳式超声 换能器 4连接, 以超声管棒为轴心, 向广阔的浸液体系的周围进行均匀的辐照, 处理效果得到优化。 在容器 1内设置有搅拌器 2。
声波处理水稻种子促进增产装置, 如图 9所示, 包括浸种的容器 1、搅拌器 3、 超声功能槽 12和水稻盛接斗 13, 搅拌器 2设置在容器 1内, 容器的侧面设 置有超声换能器 3。 超声功能槽 12的一端设置有浸种液盛接罐 9, 浸种液盛接 罐 9的正上方设置有容器 1 ;超声功能槽 12的另一端与水稻盛接斗 13连接。在 超声功能槽 12设置有输送带 11和最少一个超声振板 8,超声振板 8通过导线与 超声波发生器 7连接。 超声振板 8在超声功能槽 12内为多个阵列式布置。
浸种在容器 1内进行, 水稻种子在搅拌器 2的辅助下, 受到脉冲式超声波 的辐照, 然后将水稻种子和浸种液一起排放至浸种液盛接罐 9中, 水稻种子和 浸种液从浸种液盛接罐 9流入输送带 11内输送到超声功能槽 12内进行沿途连 续性的超声波辐照, 然后输送到水稻盛接斗 13中, 将收集到的处理后水稻种子 进行后续的发芽处理。 在超声功能槽 12内设置有浸种液导管, 可以向超声功能 槽 12内注入浸种液或 S ι、者排出浸种液。这样可以实现水稻种子的连续式处理, 有
^
利于提高生产效率。
通过本发明所述的方法, 水稻在种子阶段的声波处理可以延续到水稻的大 田生长阶段, 使水稻的有效穗数、 颖花数和产量均显著增加。 在小麦等其它常 见的作物上, 也具有了类似的效果。 其可能是, 声波处理过程中, 导致水稻种 胚内酶的活性的提高甚至诱导其遗传物质发生了改变。 总的来说, 经过声波处 理后可以显著地提高了水稻的产量。 40kHz 超声波处理可以使培杂泰丰增产 9. 43%,而桂香占 20kHz处理比对照增产达到 10. 55%。水稻增产的主要原因是声 波处理提高了水稻的有效穗数和单位面积颖花数。 另外可以显著降低了水稻的 垩白粒率和垩白度。 经试验, 声波处理后培杂泰丰的垩 e白 C度也显著降低。 声波 处理显著提高了桂香占的胶稠度。
效果分析:
1、 声波对水稻产量及产量构成因素的影响 如下表所示:
单位 积颖 结实率 实测 量
花数 (%)
处理 (x l 07666.7m
CK 17. 2a 3590. 4a 61. 0a 23. la 535a 培杂泰丰 20kHz 18. la 3511. 4a 63. 5a 23. 3a 555ab
40kHz 18. 7b 3971. 3b 66. 4a 582b
CK 17. 3a 1920. 3a 78. 2a 26. 6a 398a 桂香占
20kHz 18. 5b 2264. 5b 83. 3a 26. 2a 440b
40kHz 18. lab 2427. 2b 76. 8a 26. 4a 412a 声波处理可以明显地提高水稻的产量。 其中培杂泰丰 40kHZ处理的产量与 对照的差异达到显著水平。平均比对照增产 9. 43%。桂香占 20kHz处理比对照增 产达到 10. 55%, 差异也达到显著水平。 从产量构成因素来看, 培杂泰丰 40kHz 处理的有效穗数和单位面积颖花数均显著高于对照, 分别比对照增加 8. 72%和 10. 61%。 桂香占 20kHz处理的单位面积有效穗数显著高于对照。 而两个频率的 超声波处理均使桂香占的单位面积颖花数显著高于对照。
2、 声波对水稻品质的影响
如下表所示
处理 糙米率 精米率 整精米 垩白粒 垩白度 胶稠度 直链淀
(%) (%) 率 (%) 率 (%) (%) (mm) 粉含量
(%)
CK 77.7a 69.2a 62.8a 29.8a 10.3a 67.5a 22.9a 培杂泰丰 20k 77.2a 68.9a 62.9a 29.7a 6.5b 65.7a 22.7a
Hz
Peizataifen 40k 77.8a 693a. 61.9a 29.3a 7.8b 64.3a 22.4a
g Hz
CK 77.8a 66.1 a 51.4a 22.3a 4.0a 77.8b 16.3a 桂香占 20k 77.8a 67.0a 51.2a 15.8b 2.5b 84.7a 16.5a
Hz
Guixiangz 40k 77.8a 66.1 a 51.4a 17.3b 2.7b 81.1a 16.8a
han Hz
从稻米的碾米品质来看, 声波处理对两个品种的糙米率、 精密率和整精密 率均无显著的影响。 从外观品质来分析, 两个频率的声波处理均显著地降低了 培杂泰丰的垩白度,垩白度平均比对照降低了 58.4%(20 kHz)和 32.1%(40 kHz)。 另外还可以发现, 声波处理同时降低了桂香占的垩白粒率和垩白度。 其中垩白 粒率分别比对照降低了 41.1% (20 kHz)和 28.9% (40 kHz) , 垩白度分别比对 照降低了 60.0% (20 kHz)和 48.1% (40 kHz) 。 从蒸煮品质来分析, 声波处理 显著提高了桂香占的胶稠度。
由上可知, 水稻种子阶段的声波处理, 特别是声波处理可以导致水稻的有 效穗数、 颖花数和产量均显著增加; 可以显著降低水稻的垩白粒率和垩白度, 从而显著改善水稻的外观品质。 因此, 声波处理可能为杂交稻品质的改良提供 了一条经济和简便的途径。 另外在小麦等作物上, 也具有类似的现象。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、 声波处理水稻种子促进增产方法, 其特征在于, 包括以下步骤:
( 1 )、 将水稻种子经风选和 /或水选处理, 清除发育不完全种粒和不完善粒 及杂物;
( 2 )、 浸种 10〜12小时; 在浸种过程给予声波辐照进行预处理;
( 3 ) 采用声波频率为 10khz〜2000khz之间进行声处理;
(4 ), 将经声波处理好的稻谷种子从浸种液中取出, 静置到水稻种子吐出 凸白点。
2、 如权利要求 1所述的声波处理水稻种子促进增产方法, 其特征在于, 所 述的 (2) 步骤中的声波为间接式脉冲式, 时间为 1〜45分钟; 并搅拌, 使稻谷 在浸液体系中作均匀分散状态的漂浮活动。
3、 如权利要求 1所述的声波处理水稻种子促进增产方法, 其特征在于, 所 述的浸种用清水或者配制的营养活化液作为浸种液,浸种在温度为 25〜37度的 浸液下进行。
4、 如权利要求 1所述的声波处理水稻种子促进增产方法, 其特征在于, 所 述的 (3 ) 步骤中采用的声波频率为 18khz〜60khz之间进行声处理。
5、 如权利要求 1所述的声波处理水稻种子促进增产方法, 其特征在于, 所 述的 (3 ) 步骤中采用声波的功率密度为 0. 25〜800w/L。
6、 如权利要求 1所述的声波处理水稻种子促进增产方法, 其特征在于, 所 述的声处理的时间为 2分钟〜 60分钟, 并进行搅拌使水稻种子在浸种液中作均 匀分散漂浮活动。
7、 声波处理水稻种子促进增产装置, 包括盛装浸种液的容器和搅拌装置, 其特征在于, 在容器的侧面或者底部设置有最少一个产生超声波的超声换能器。
8、 声波处理水稻种子促进增产装置包括盛装浸种液的容器和搅拌装置, 其 特征在于, 在容器 1 内设置有超声管棒, 超声管棒的一端与钳式超声换能器连 接。
9、 声波处理水稻种子促进增产装置, 包括浸种的容器、 搅拌器、 超声功能 槽和水稻盛接斗, 搅拌器设置在容器内, 容器的侧面设置有超声换能器; 其特 征在于: 超声功能槽的一端设置有浸种液盛接罐, 浸种液盛接罐的正上方设置 有容器; 超声功能槽的另一端与水稻盛接斗连接; 在超声功能槽设置有输送带 和最少一个超声振板, 超声振板通过导线与超声波发生器连接。
10、 如权利要求 2所述的声波处理水稻种子促进增产方法, 其特征在于,
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CN105123025A (zh) * 2015-09-22 2015-12-09 广州市金稻农业科技有限公司 植物种子超声波增产处理装置

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