WO2011072539A1 - 全混合厌氧反应循环装置及沼气反应原料的循环方法 - Google Patents

全混合厌氧反应循环装置及沼气反应原料的循环方法 Download PDF

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WO2011072539A1
WO2011072539A1 PCT/CN2010/076910 CN2010076910W WO2011072539A1 WO 2011072539 A1 WO2011072539 A1 WO 2011072539A1 CN 2010076910 W CN2010076910 W CN 2010076910W WO 2011072539 A1 WO2011072539 A1 WO 2011072539A1
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Prior art keywords
tank
biogas
anaerobic reaction
circulation
fully mixed
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PCT/CN2010/076910
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王国林
熊益军
黄伟
蒋勇
王伟
类成明
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中国南方航空工业(集团)有限公司
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Priority to EP10836976.0A priority Critical patent/EP2514814A4/en
Publication of WO2011072539A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011072539A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
    • C12P5/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons or halogenated hydrocarbons
    • C12P5/02—Preparation of hydrocarbons or halogenated hydrocarbons acyclic
    • C12P5/023—Methane
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M21/00—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses
    • C12M21/04—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses for producing gas, e.g. biogas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M27/00—Means for mixing, agitating or circulating fluids in the vessel
    • C12M27/18—Flow directing inserts
    • C12M27/20—Baffles; Ribs; Ribbons; Auger vanes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M29/00—Means for introduction, extraction or recirculation of materials, e.g. pumps
    • C12M29/02—Percolation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M29/00—Means for introduction, extraction or recirculation of materials, e.g. pumps
    • C12M29/18—External loop; Means for reintroduction of fermented biomass or liquid percolate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M41/00—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation
    • C12M41/12—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation of temperature
    • C12M41/18—Heat exchange systems, e.g. heat jackets or outer envelopes
    • C12M41/20—Heat exchange systems, e.g. heat jackets or outer envelopes the heat transfer medium being a gas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M41/00—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation
    • C12M41/12—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation of temperature
    • C12M41/18—Heat exchange systems, e.g. heat jackets or outer envelopes
    • C12M41/24—Heat exchange systems, e.g. heat jackets or outer envelopes inside the vessel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel

Definitions

  • the present invention claims the application No. 200910259272.2 filed on December 17, 2009, and the invented name is "the full mixed anaerobic reaction cycle device and the recycling method of the biogas reaction raw material".
  • the priority of the Chinese Patent Application the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
  • BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1.
  • the present invention relates to a full-mix anaerobic reaction cycle device for biogas, which is particularly suitable for biogas production using crop straw, livestock manure, and organic wastewater as main raw materials.
  • Anaerobic fermentation has been widely used in organic matter processing, such as production of biogas, treatment of organic waste, and waste liquid rich in organic matter.
  • Biogas digesters are one of the most primitive applications of anaerobic fermentation. They use crop skirts and animal husbandry as the main raw materials to produce biogas for domestic use. Usually, the configured biogas raw materials are added from the top of the biogas digesters. Because the mixing is insufficient, it is easy to cause agglomeration at the top and hinder the generation of biogas. Conventional biogas digesters are not convenient for arranging machine agitators. In the industrialization process, the biogas tank is replaced by an anaerobic reaction tank, and the anaerobic reaction tank is convenient to set up a mechanical stirring device or mechanism.
  • agitation devices or mechanisms are arranged vertically in the anaerobic reactor tank, and there are also agitators or mechanisms arranged horizontally in the anaerobic reactor tank, as well as in a profiled arrangement. Stirring not only prevents agglomeration at the top of the anaerobic reaction tank, but also makes the material mix evenly, which can increase the yield of biogas.
  • the implementation of mechanical agitation is accompanied by an increase in energy consumption.
  • the increase in energy consumption is unwilling to accept. Reducing energy consumption naturally becomes the goal that the industry is eager to achieve.
  • Chinese utility model patent ZL200820123345.6 discloses a horizontal anaerobic reactor based on organic waste solid fermentation to produce biogas, including a horizontal cylinder with a horizontally arranged agitator, lying A circulating water tube with temperature control is attached to the outside of the cylinder.
  • the horizontal cylinder described above plays a role in reducing energy consumption, but the disadvantages of high energy consumption caused by mechanical agitators cannot be avoided.
  • Cisokakukan discloses a biogas generating device which comprises a set of biogas fermentation equipment by a downflow anaerobic filter and an upflow anaerobic fermentation tank, and the downflow anaerobic filter and the upflow anaerobic fermentation tank can not only The purpose of biogas production is completed separately, and there is cooperation between them.
  • the above-mentioned downflow anaerobic filter and upflow anaerobic fermentation tank can realize respective self-circulating agitation through a common circulating pipeline with a transfer pump, and at the same time, the activated sludge liquid in the anaerobic fermentation tank can be And the supernatant is supplied to the downflow anaerobic filter to mix the fermentation liquid reflux with the new feed liquid.
  • the above biogas generating device has made a beneficial attempt in reducing energy consumption.
  • the circulation line with the transfer pump is provided with many valves, and the operation control is complicated.
  • biogas generating devices mainly agricultural, rural, and farmers are the main service targets, and complex operational controls are bound to hinder the promotion and application of biogas projects.
  • the above-mentioned downflow anaerobic filter is a commonly used anaerobic treatment device rich in organic sewage, and has a filler layer inside, mainly for the sewage treatment field, and for the application of biogas reaction raw materials mainly composed of straw and feces, It seems a bit "petty”.
  • Chinese invention patent application 200910064439.X discloses a fermenter, which is provided with a circulation pipe which communicates with the empty space inside the tank, the port on the circulation pipe is located below the liquid level of the fermentation liquid, and the lower port is near the bottom of the fermentation tank. A circulation pump is arranged in the circulation pipe.
  • the fermenter disclosed in the above invention patent application can promote self-circulation agitation of the biogas raw material through the circulation pipe, and the operation complexity greatly reduces the cylinderization.
  • the above-mentioned biogas equipment of the prior art still has many inconveniences during the operation. Because the fermenter is too large, it is inconvenient to add a heat exchange heating device, so it can only be operated in a greenhouse or at a temperature suitable place, which brings trouble to the application of biogas equipment, especially for areas with long winters. Hard to adapt. It is also inconvenient when the pH of the biogas reaction raw material in the fermenter needs to be adjusted.
  • the prior art biogas equipment by self-circulating the biogas reaction raw materials, the energy consumption level is still quite high, and the biogas reaction raw materials have relatively large resistance to circulation, and the pipelines and pumps are worn more seriously, and there are blocking pumps and The hidden danger of the pipeline.
  • the current anaerobic filter can not take into account the biogas feedstock recycling, the adaptability of raw materials, the biogas production rate and the energy consumption.
  • the biogas reaction raw materials are not fully recycled, the raw materials are single, and the volume is small. Biogas production rates are low (only 1.0) and cost one or more disadvantages of high school.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a full-mix anaerobic reaction cycle device for biogas, which can adapt to different biogas reaction raw materials, and can save energy and water replenishment in the reaction raw material cycle. It is also an object of the present invention to provide a method of recycling a biogas reaction feedstock.
  • an aspect of the present invention provides a full-mix anaerobic reaction cycle apparatus for biogas, comprising a full-mix anaerobic reaction tank and a circulation tank, wherein a top of the full-mix anaerobic reaction tank is connected to the circulation through an overflow pipe
  • the lower portion of the circulation tank is connected to the lower portion of the fully mixed anaerobic reaction tank through a transfer pipe and a material transfer pump; and the circulation tank is connected to a transfer pipe that supplies the raw material for the biogas reaction.
  • a heat exchanger is disposed in the circulation tank.
  • a central cylinder is disposed in the circulation tank, wherein the overflow pipe is connected to the center cylinder, and the lower end of the center cylinder has an outlet pipe.
  • the central cylinder has a central tube therein, and the central tube is in communication with the feeding tube and the discharging tube, respectively.
  • a baffle is disposed on the inner peripheral wall of the circulation tank.
  • the top side of the full-mix anaerobic reaction tank is provided with a clean air cylinder, wherein the overflow pipe is connected to the bottom of the clean air cylinder, and the full-mix anaerobic reaction tank and the clean air cylinder are connected by a U-shaped tube.
  • the lower portion of the above-mentioned fully mixed anaerobic reaction tank has at least two spaced inlets connected to the conveying pipe.
  • the circulation tank has a second delivery pipe and a material transfer pump connected to a lower portion of the fully mixed anaerobic reaction tank.
  • the volume of the above fully mixed anaerobic reaction tank is 400 to 6000 m 3 .
  • the volume of the circulation tank is 1/10 to 1/20 of the volume of the total mixed anaerobic reaction tank.
  • the supernatant is overflowed to the circulation tank, and the supernatant and the biogas are The reaction materials are mixed and pumped to a fully mixed anaerobic reaction tank for self-circulation using the supernatant in the fully mixed anaerobic reactor. Further, the supernatant overflowing to the circulation tank is first introduced into the center cylinder in the circulation tank and then flows into the bottom of the circulation tank.
  • the supernatant as a working fluid to circulate, the biogas reaction raw materials in the anaerobic reaction tank can be sufficiently mixed, thereby increasing the biogas production rate. With the recycling of the supernatant, water and energy supplements can be saved.
  • the flow resistance of the liquid is relatively small, thus reducing the wear on the pipes and pumps, and correspondingly reducing the requirements on the system.
  • the safety risks associated with the use of biogas as a circulating medium are avoided.
  • the use of a circulating tank taking into account the addition of biogas reaction raw materials, the temperature rise of the biogas reaction raw material, the adjustment of the pH value, the recovery of the biogas slurry, and the like, the fully mixed anaerobic reaction cycle device for biogas of the present invention It is suitable for large-scale industrial biogas projects and can be promoted in cold regions.
  • Fig. 1 shows a process flow diagram of a fully mixed anaerobic reaction cycle apparatus for biogas according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 shows a biogas for use in a preferred embodiment according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 Schematic diagram of a fully mixed anaerobic reaction cycle device
  • Figure 3 is a plan view showing the full-mix anaerobic reaction cycle apparatus for biogas shown in Figure 2
  • Figure 4 shows the half of the circulation tank in the full-mix anaerobic reaction cycle apparatus for biogas shown in Figure 2. Cutaway view.
  • DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
  • Figure 1 is a flow chart showing the process of a fully mixed anaerobic reaction cycle apparatus for biogas according to the present invention. As shown in FIG.
  • the fully mixed anaerobic reaction cycle apparatus includes an anaerobic reaction tank 100 and a circulation tank 200.
  • the circulation tank 200 receives the biogas reaction raw material from the delivery pipe 309, and the biogas reaction raw material may be a mixture of straw, livestock manure, and organic waste water, for example, a mixture mainly composed of wheat straw and cow dung.
  • the circulation tank 200 pumps the reaction raw material in the circulation tank to the lower portion of the fully mixed anaerobic reaction tank 100 through the material delivery conduit 303 at its bottom and the transfer pump 305.
  • a central cylinder 210 is disposed in the circulation tank 200, and the supernatant of the top of the fully mixed anaerobic reaction tank 100 is sent to the center cylinder 210 through the overflow pipe 301, and the supernatant liquid flows from the center cylinder 210 to the inner moon of the circulation tank 200.
  • a heat exchanger 230 is disposed in the circulation tank 200.
  • the heat exchanger 230 can be connected to a heat source, such as a steam source, to heat-exchange the reaction raw materials in the circulation tank 200 to make the biogas in the fully mixed anaerobic reaction tank 100.
  • the starting materials are maintained at a suitable reaction temperature, for example between 35 ° C and 38 ° C.
  • a central tube 212 (shown in FIG.
  • the central tube 212 is connected to the discharge pipe 307, and excess biogas slurry can be discharged to the biogas slurry through the discharge pipe 307. In the pool (not shown).
  • the central barrel of the circulation tank 200 is also connected with a feed pipe 315 (shown in Figure 2) to replenish the biogas slurry or hydration.
  • the top of the fully mixed anaerobic reaction tank 100 has a biogas pipe 311 to guide the biogas produced in the tank For example, it is introduced into a gas storage tank (not shown), and the bottom of the fully mixed anaerobic reaction tank 100 is provided with a slag discharge pipe 313 through which the fermented biogas reaction raw material can be discharged outside the tank.
  • 2 and 3 show schematic views of the structure of a fully mixed anaerobic reaction cycle apparatus for biogas according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • the top of the fully mixed anaerobic reaction tank 100 is provided with a dirt trap 130 and a biogas collector 110 for filtering the solid matter of the biogas reaction raw material in the fully mixed anaerobic reactor tank 100.
  • the biogas collector 110 is well known to those skilled in the art and will not be described again.
  • the supernatant liquid is introduced into the clean air cylinder 319 through the U-shaped tube, and a small amount of biogas contained in the supernatant liquid can overflow, so that the supernatant liquid can be moved in the overflow tube 301, and of course, the supernatant can be directly passed through.
  • the overflow 3 ⁇ 43 ⁇ 4 tube 301 is entered into the circulation tank 200.
  • the total mixed feed tubes 304, 304' are disposed on both sides of the lower portion of the full mixed anaerobic reaction tank 100, and the total feed tubes 304, 304 are introduced into the interior of the fully mixed anaerobic reaction tank 100 through a plurality of feed tubes.
  • the total feed tubes 304, 304 are pumped by the transfer pump 305 and the transfer line 303 to the biogas reaction feedstock.
  • the total feed tubes 304, 304 may also be pumped to the biogas reaction feedstock by a backup pump 305, and a transfer conduit 303.
  • a preferred structure of the circulation tank 200 is schematically illustrated in Figures 2 to 4.
  • the central can 210 is disposed in the circulation tank 200, and has at least two functions. On the one hand, a container is formed, the supernatant is temporarily contained, and the supernatant is separated from the biogas reaction raw material from the delivery pipe 309, thereby conveniently adjusting the pH value and The operation of taking the supernatant or the like; on the other hand, it is convenient to set the center tube 212.
  • the central cylinder 210 is supported at the upper portion of the circulation tank 200, and has a curved outlet pipe 214 at the lower portion, and the outlet of the outlet pipe 214 faces the baffle or the swirling plate 215 to cause swirling of the water flow, thereby achieving uniform mixing of the materials.
  • the water outlet pipe 214 may be a hose to rotatably spray the supernatant or water flowing out of the outlet onto the deflector 215.
  • the outlet pipe 214 is rotatable about a central axis of the center cylinder 210 with an exit direction in a tangential direction of the circumference centered on the central axis to automatically rotate under the reaction force of the water flow.
  • the top of the circulation tank 200 has an air outlet pipe 317, and the biogas generated in the circulation tank 200 can be introduced into the gas storage tank.
  • a PH value adjustment port is reserved at the top of the circulation tank 200, and of course, a port for other purposes can be reserved.
  • the fully mixed anaerobic reaction cycle unit of the present invention is a large biogas production unit having a gas production rate of 1.6.
  • the circulation tank is a steel structure atmospheric pressure vessel having an outer dimension of ⁇ 2 2.6 mx6 m (H), an effective liquid depth of 5.7 m, and an effective volume of 30 m 3 .
  • Fully mixed anaerobic reactor made of carbon steel, internal and external anti-corrosion and heat preservation, single unit size: ⁇ 2 6.6mx l6m(H), effective water depth is 15.7m, effective volume is 530m 3 , anaerobic reaction material residence time is 15d.
  • the overall size and volume of the fully mixed anaerobic reaction tank and the recycle tank can be varied.
  • the operation of the apparatus according to the present invention is as follows: The feedstock is first filled into a recycle tank, and the feedstock is pumped from the bottom of the recycle tank into a fully mixed anaerobic reaction tank.
  • the cycle is sufficient; the energy consumption is small; the gas production rate is as high as 1.6;

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全混合厌氧反应循环装置及沼气反应原料的循环方法 本申请要求于 2009年 12月 17 日提交的申请号为 200910259272.2、 发 明名称为"全混合厌氧反应循环装置及沼气反应原料的循环方法"的中国发明 专利申请的优先权， 其全部公开内容结合于此供参考。 技术领域 本发明涉及一种沼气的全混合厌氧反应循环装置， 特别适用于以农作物 秸秆、 畜牧业糞便和有机废水为主要原料的沼气生产。 背景技术 厌氧发酵在有机物处理上得到了广泛应用 , 例如生产沼气、 处理有机废 弃物和富含有机物的废液等。 沼气池是厌氧发酵最为原始的应用之一 , 其以农作物裙秆和畜牧业糞便 为主要原料 , 生产供生活使用的沼气。 通常， 将配置好的沼气原料从沼气池的顶部加入， 由于混合不够充分， 易造成顶部结块现象， 阻碍沼气的产生。 传统的沼气池不便于布置机戈搅拌装置。 在工业化过程中， 沼气池由厌 氧反应罐所替代， 厌氧反应罐便于设置机械搅拌装置或机构。 大多数搅拌装 置或机构在厌氧反应罐中采用竖直布置， 也有搅拌装置或机构在厌氧反应罐 中呈水平布置， 还有异形布置。 搅拌不仅可以防止厌氧反应罐顶部结块， 而且使得物料混合均匀， 可增 加沼气的产出率。 然而， 机械搅拌的实现也伴随着能耗增加。 然而能耗增加是人们所不愿意接受的 , 降低能耗自然成为业者渴望予以 实现的目标。 作为降低能耗的技术尝试， 中国实用新型专利 ZL200820123345.6 公开 了一种基于有机废弃物固体发酵产沼气的卧式厌氧反应器 , 包括带有水平布 置的搅拌器的卧式筒体， 卧式筒体外挂有控制温度的循环水筒。 上述卧式筒体对降低能耗起到一定作用 , 然而同样不能避免采用机械搅 拌器所带来的耗能高的弊端。 中国发明专利申请 200810063934.4公开了一种沼气发生装置 ,通过将下 流式厌氧滤器与升流式厌氧发酵罐组成一套沼气发酵设备， 下流式厌氧滤器 和升流式厌氧发酵罐不仅可以单独完成沼气生产目的 ,而且相互之间有配合。 上述下流式厌氧滤器和升流式厌氧发酵罐通过一套共用的带有输送泵的 循环管路， 实现各自的自循环搅拌， 同时， 可以将厌氧发酵罐内的活性污泥 料液和上清液提供给下流式厌氧滤器， 实现发酵料液回流与新进料液进行混 合。 上述沼气发生装置在能耗降低方面作出了有益的尝试， 然而， 带有输送 泵的循环管路设有很多阀门， 操作控制较复杂。 对于沼气发生装置来说， 主 要以农业、 农村、 农民为主要服务对象， 复杂的操作控制势必阻碍沼气项目 的推广应用。 实际上，上述下流式厌氧滤器是富含有机物污水的常用的厌氧处理设备， 内部有填料层， 主要 务于污水处理领域， 对于以秸秆和糞便为主的沼气反 应原料的应用来说， 则显得有些 "娇贵"。 中国发明专利申请 200910064439.X公开了一种发酵罐， 该发酵罐罐壁 上设置有与罐内空空连通的循环管， 循环管上端口位于发酵液液面之下， 下 端口靠近发酵罐底部 , 循环管内设有循环泵。 上述发明专利申请公开的发酵罐， 通过循环管可促进沼气原料的自循环 搅拌， 并且操作复杂性大大降低筒化。 现有技术的上述沼气设备在运行过程中， 仍有诸多不便。 发酵罐由于体 积太大， 不方便加设换热升温装置， 故只能在温室中运作或者在温度适宜的 地方建造， 这给沼气设备的应用带来麻烦 , 特别是对于冬季较长的地区则难 以适应。 在发酵罐中沼气反应原料的 PH值需要调节时， 也艮不方便。 另外， 现有技术的沼气设备， 通过使沼气反应原料自循环， 能耗水平仍 然相当高， 而且， 沼气反应原料自循环的阻力比较大， 对管道和泵的磨损较 严重， 同时有阻塞泵和管道的隐患。 综上所述， 目前的厌氧过滤器在沼气原料循环方面、原料的适应性方面、 沼气产出率方面和能耗方面不能同时兼顾， 存在沼气反应原料循环不充分、 原料单一、 容积小， 沼气产出率低（只能达到 1.0 ) 和耗费高中的一个或多 个缺点。 发明内容 本发明目的在于提供一种用于沼气的全混合厌氧反应循环装置 , 可适应 不同的沼气反应原料， 并可节省反应原料循环中的能源和水的补充。 本发明 的目的还在于提供一种沼气反应原料的循环方法。 为此， 本发明一方面提供了一种用于沼气的全混合厌氧反应循环装置 , 包括全混合厌氧反应罐和循环罐， 其中全混合厌氧反应罐的顶部通过溢流管 连接至循环罐； 循环罐的下部通过输送管道和物料输送泵连接至全混合厌氧 反应罐的下部； 以及循环罐与提供沼气反应原料的输送管相连。 进一步地， 上述循环罐内设有热交换器。 进一步地， 上述循环罐内设置有中心筒， 其中， 溢流管连接至中心筒， 中心筒的下端具有出水管。 进一步地， 上述中心筒内具有中心管， 中心管与进料管和出料管分别连 通。 进一步地 , 上述循环罐内周壁上设有导流板。 进一步地， 上述全混合厌氧反应罐的顶侧设有净气筒， 其中， 溢流管连 接至净气筒的底部， 全混合厌氧反应罐和净气筒之间通过 U型管连接。 进一步地， 上述全混合厌氧反应罐的下部至少具有间隔开的两进料口与 输送管道相连。 进一步地， 上述循环罐具有连接至全混合厌氧反应罐下部的第二输送管 道和物料输送泵。 进一步地， 上述全混合厌氧反应罐的容积为 400 ~ 6000m3。 进一步地， 上述循环罐的容积为全混合厌氧反应罐容积的 1/10〜1/20。 才艮据本发明的另一方面， 提供了一种沼气反应原料的循环方法， 其中包 括： 建造第一容积的全混合厌氧反应罐和第二容积的循环罐； 使沼气反应原 料先泵送至循环罐， 再由循环罐的底部泵送至全混合厌氧反应罐的底部， 当 全混合厌氧反应罐内满料后使上清液溢流至循环罐中 , 将上清液与沼气反应 原料混合后泵送至全混合厌氧反应罐中， 以利用全混合厌氧反应罐中的上清 液进行自循环。 进一步地， 使溢流至循环罐的上清液先流入循环罐内的中心筒中， 再流 入循环罐的底部。 在本发明中， 通过使用上清液作为工质来循环， 使得厌氧反应罐中的沼 气反应原料可以得到充分混合， 从而提高了沼气产出率。 利用上清液的循环 使用 , 可以节省水和能源的补充。 与使用沼气反应原料作为循环工质相比， 液体的流动阻力比较小， 如此降低了对管道和泵的磨损， 相应地对系统的要 求也降低了。 与使用沼气作为循环工质相比， 避免了使用沼气作为循环工质 所带来的安全风险。 在本发明中， 通过使用循环罐， 同时兼顾了沼气反应原料的添加、 沼气 反应原料的升温、 PH 值的调节、 沼液回收等功能， 本发明的用于沼气的全 混合厌氧反应循环装置适合于大型工业化沼气工程 , 而且能在寒冷地区推广 使用。 除了上面所描述的目的、 特征和优点之外， 本发明还有其它的目的、 特 征和优点。 下面将参照附图， 对本发明作进一步详细的说明。 附图说明 构成本说明书的一部分、 用于进一步理解本发明的附图示出了本发明的 优选实施例， 并与说明书一起用来说明本发明的原理。 图中： 图 1示出了才艮据本发明优选实施例的用于沼气的全混合厌氧反应循环装 置的工艺流程图； 图 2示出了才艮据本发明优选实施例的用于沼气的全混合厌氧反应循环装 置的结构示意图； 图 3示出了图 2所示用于沼气的全混合厌氧反应循环装置的俯视图； 以 及 图 4示出了图 2所示用于沼气的全混合厌氧反应循环装置中的循环罐的 半剖视图。 具体实施方式 以下结合附图对本发明的实施例进行详细说明， 但是本发明可以由权利 要求限定和覆盖的多种不同方式实施。 图 1示出了才艮据本发明的用于沼气的全混合厌氧反应循环装置的工艺流 程图。 如图 1所示， 全混合厌氧反应循环装置包括厌氧反应罐 100和循环罐 200。 循环罐 200接收来自输送管 309的沼气反应原料， 该沼气反应原料可以 是秸秆、 畜牧业糞便和有机废水的混合物， 例如以麦秸和牛糞为主要原料的 混合物。 循环罐 200通过其底部的物料输送管道 303和输送泵 305将循环罐内的 反应原料泵送至全混合厌氧反应罐 100的下部。 循环罐 200内设有中心筒 210, 全混合厌氧反应罐 100顶部的上清液通 过溢流管 301输送至中心筒 210中 , 上清液再由中心筒 210流到循环罐 200 的内月空中。 循环罐 200内设有热交换器 230, 该热交换器 230可与热源相连， 例如 蒸汽源， 以对循环罐 200内的反应原料进行换热升温， 使全混合厌氧反应罐 100内的沼气反应原料保持在合适反应温度， 例如 35°C ~ 38°C之间。 循环罐 200的中心筒 210的外壳 211内设有中心管 212 (图 2中示出）， 该中心管 212与出料管 307相连， 多余的沼液可以通过该出料管 307排到沼 液池（图中未示出） 中。 循环罐 200的中心筒还连接有进料管 315 (图 2中示出）， 以补充沼液或 补水。 全混合厌氧反应罐 100的顶部具有沼气管 311 , 以将罐内产生的沼气导 出， 例如导入到储气罐（图中未示出）， 全混合厌氧反应罐 100 的底部设有 排渣管 313 , 发酵过的沼气反应原料可通过该排渣管 313排出罐外。 图 2和图 3示出了根据本发明优选实施例的用于沼气的全混合厌氧反应 循环装置的结构示意图。 全混合厌氧反应罐 100内的顶部设有拦污罩 130、 沼气收集器 110,拦污 罩 130用于过滤全混合厌氧反应罐 100内沼气反应原料的固体物质。 沼气收集器 110为本领域技术人员所公知 , 在此不再赘述。 上清液通过 U型管导入净气筒 319中， 上清液中包含的少量沼气可以溢 出， 方便上清液在溢:流管 301中¾¾动， 当然， 也可以直接 ^)夺上清液通过溢¾¾ 管 301 入循环罐 200中。 全混合厌氧反应罐 100的下部两侧设有总进料管 304、 304' , 总进料管 304、 304，通过若干支进料管导入全混合厌氧反应罐 100内部。总进料管 304、 304，由输送泵 305和输送管道 303泵给沼气反应原料。 此外， 总进料管 304、 304，还可以由备用泵 305，和输送管道 303，泵给沼 气反应原料。 通过在全混合厌氧反应罐 100底部的两侧进反应原料， 可以使罐内的沼 气反应原料混合更均匀。 当然， 围绕罐的四周， 还可以设置更多的总进料管
304 , 以便物料循环无死角。 循环罐 200的优选结构在图 2至图 4中示意性地示出。 循环罐 200 内设置中心筒 210, 至少有两方面的作用， 一方面， 形成容 器， 暂时容纳上清液， 并将上清液和来自输送管 309的沼气反应原料隔开， 方便调 PH值和取用上清液等操作； 另一方面 , 便于设置中心管 212。 中心筒 210支撑在循环罐 200的上部 , 下部具有弯曲的出水管 214 , 该 出水管 214的出口朝向导流片或旋流片 215, 以造成水流旋流， 从而实现物 料的混合均匀。 该出水管 214可以是软管 , 以使出口流出的上清液或水旋转地喷射到导 流片 215上。 或者该出水管 214绕中心筒 210的中心轴线是可转动的 , 其出口方向在 以中心轴线为中心的圆周的切向上， 以在水流的反作用力下自动旋转。 循环罐 200的顶部具有出气管 317 , 可以将循环罐 200内产生的沼气导 入储气罐中。 同时， 循环罐 200顶部预留有 PH值调节口， 当然还可以预留其它用途 的口。 在一实施例中，本发明的全混合厌氧反应循环装置为大型沼气产生装置， 其产气率可达到 1.6。 优选地， 循环罐为钢结构常压容器， 外形尺寸为 <2 2.6mx6m ( H ) ，有效液深为 5.7m, 有效容积为 30m3。 全混合厌氧反应器碳 钢制作，内外防腐并保温，单台尺寸为： <2 6.6mx l6m( H ),有效水深为 15.7m, 有效容积为 530m3 , 厌氧反应原料停留时间为 15d。 在其它实施例中 , 全混合厌氧反应罐和循环罐的外形尺寸和容积可以更 改。 根据本发明的装置的操作过程如下： 原料首先填入循环罐， 由泵将原料 从循环罐底部抽入全混合厌氧反应罐中。全混合厌氧反应罐中原料充满之后 , 随着泵的不间断工作， 原料从全混合厌氧反应罐顶部通过管道溢流进入循环 罐。 原料在循环罐与全混合厌氧反应罐的不间断循环中得到充分搅拌。 根据本发明提供的全混合厌氧反应循环装置及沼气反应原料的循环方 法， 循环充分； 耗能小； 产气率高达 1.6; 原料广泛。 以上仅为本发明的优选实施例而已， 并不用于限制本发明， 对于本领域 的技术人员来说， 本发明可以有各种更改和变化。 凡在本发明的精神和原则 之内， 所作的任何修改、 等同替换、 ？丈进等， 均应包含在本发明的保护范围 之内。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1. 一种用于沼气的全混合厌氧反应循环装置， 其特征在于， 包括全混合厌 氧反应罐 ( 100 ) 和循环罐 (200), 其中
所述全混合厌氧反应罐 ( 100) 的顶部通过溢流管 （301 ) 连接至所 述循环罐 （200);
所述循环罐 ( 200 )的下部通过输送管道（ 303 )和物料输送泵（ 305 ) 连接至所述全混合厌氧反应罐 ( 100) 的下部；
所述循环罐 (200) 与提供沼气反应原料的输送管 （309 )相连。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的用于沼气的全混合厌氧反应循环装置， 其特征在 于， 所述循环罐 (200) 内设有热交换器 （230)。
3. 根据权利要求 1所述的用于沼气的全混合厌氧反应循环装置， 其特征在 于， 所述循环罐（ 200 )内设置有中心筒（ 210 ), 其中， 所述溢流管（ 301 ) 连接至所述中心筒（210), 所述中心筒（210)的下端具有出水管（214)。
4. 根据权利要求 3所述的用于沼气的全混合厌氧反应循环装置， 其特征在 于， 所述中心筒 （210) 内具有中心管 （212), 所述中心管 （212) 与进 料管 （315) 和出料管 （307 ) 分别连通。
5. 根据权利要求 1所述的用于沼气的全混合厌氧反应循环装置， 其特征在 于， 所述循环罐 (200) 内周壁上设有导流板（215)。
6. 根据权利要求 1所述的用于沼气的全混合厌氧反应循环装置， 其特征在 于， 所述全混合厌氧反应罐（ 100)的下部至少具有间隔开的两进料口与 所述输送管道 (303 ) 相连。
7. 根据权利要求 1所述的用于沼气的全混合厌氧反应循环装置， 其特征在 于， 所述循环罐 (200) 具有连接至所述全混合厌氧反应罐 ( 100) 下部 的第二输送管道（303') 和物料输送泵 （305' )。
8. 根据权利要求 1所述的用于沼气的全混合厌氧反应循环装置， 其特征在 于， 所述全混合厌氧反应罐 ( 100) 的容积为 400~6000m3, 所述循环罐
(200) 的容积为全混合厌氧反应罐 （ 100) 容积的 1/10 1/20。
. 一种沼气反应原料的循环方法， 其特征在于， 包括：
建造第一容积的全混合厌氧反应罐 （ 100) 和第二容积的循环罐 ( 200 );
使沼气反应原料先泵送至所述循环罐（ 200 ),再由所述循环罐 ( 200 ) 的底部泵送至全混合厌氧反应罐 （100) 的底部。
当所述全混合厌氧反应罐（ 100 )内满料后使上清液溢流至所述循环 罐 （200) 中， 将上清液与循环罐 (200) 中的沼气反应原料混合后泵送 至全混合厌氧反应罐 （ 100 ) 中， 以利用所述全混合厌氧反应罐（ 100) 中的上清液进行自循环。
10. 根据权利要求 9所述的沼气反应原料的循环方法 , 其特征在于 , 使溢流 至所述循环罐 ( 200 ) 的上清液先流入循环罐 (200 ) 内的中心筒 （ 210 ) 中， 再流入所述循环罐 (200 ) 的底部。
PCT/CN2010/076910 2009-12-17 2010-09-14 全混合厌氧反应循环装置及沼气反应原料的循环方法 WO2011072539A1 (zh)

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