WO2011072486A1 - 测试射频识别系统性能的装置和方法 - Google Patents

测试射频识别系统性能的装置和方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011072486A1
WO2011072486A1 PCT/CN2010/002054 CN2010002054W WO2011072486A1 WO 2011072486 A1 WO2011072486 A1 WO 2011072486A1 CN 2010002054 W CN2010002054 W CN 2010002054W WO 2011072486 A1 WO2011072486 A1 WO 2011072486A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
reader
tested
antenna
spectrum analyzer
writer
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Application number
PCT/CN2010/002054
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
谭杰
朱智源
赵红胜
Original Assignee
中国科学院自动化研究所
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by 中国科学院自动化研究所 filed Critical 中国科学院自动化研究所
Priority to US13/143,041 priority Critical patent/US8490876B2/en
Publication of WO2011072486A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011072486A1/zh

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K7/00—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
    • G06K7/0008—General problems related to the reading of electronic memory record carriers, independent of its reading method, e.g. power transfer

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of radio frequency technology in the electronics industry, and more particularly to an apparatus and method for testing the performance of a radio frequency identification system. Background technique
  • Radio Frequency Identification technology is a non-contact automatic identification technology realized by radio frequency technology.
  • RFID electronic tags have the characteristics of small size, fast reading and writing speed, various shapes, long service life, reusable, large storage capacity, and ability to penetrate non-conductive materials. Combined with RFID readers, multi-target recognition and moving targets can be realized. Identification, and further integration with Internet technology can also achieve tracking and information sharing on a global scale.
  • RFID technology is used in logistics, manufacturing, public information services and other industries to significantly improve management and operational efficiency and reduce costs.
  • the RFID reader is relatively moving between the tag and the tag. Therefore, it is necessary to test the performance of RFID tags in motion.
  • the purpose of the benchmark is to test a performance metric for a class of test objects by designing reasonable test methods, test procedures, and test tools, and to ensure that the test results are comparable and repeatable.
  • Using the benchmark test method to test the performance of the RFID application system of the electronic tag under motion it can directly reflect the performance indexes of the RFID application system in the application scenario where the electronic tag is in motion.
  • the present invention provides an apparatus and method for testing the performance of a radio frequency identification system to save space and reduce the size of the test equipment.
  • an apparatus for testing the performance of a radio frequency identification system comprises a turntable, a driving motor and a reader transmitting antenna, wherein: the driving motor rotates according to a preset speed; the turntable is mounted on a rotating plane of the driving motor, including a label card slot, and the label card slot fixes the RFID to be tested The position of the electronic tag on the vertical rotation plane; the reader antenna is fixed at a fixed position around the turntable, connected to the reader/writer to be tested, the main lobe axis direction of the reader antenna and the built-in antenna of the RFID electronic tag to be tested The main lobe axis directions are on the same plane.
  • the device for testing the performance of the radio frequency identification system may further include a spectrum analyzer and a spectrum analyzer receiving antenna, wherein: the spectrum analyzer is configured to capture the electromagnetic signal by using the frequency domain trigger mode, in the captured Demodulating the pattern and/or power of the electromagnetic signal in the electromagnetic signal; the spectrum analyzer receiving antenna is connected to the spectrum analyzer, and is located at the center of the main lobe axis of the reader antenna and the main lobe of the built-in antenna of the RFID tag to be tested The connection line at the center of the shaft.
  • the spectrum analyzer receiving antenna is a double dipole antenna with a gain of 2 dBi or more
  • the reader antenna is a standard gain antenna with a gain greater than or equal to 10 dBi.
  • the device for testing the performance of the radio frequency identification system may further comprise a driving motor controller and a control computer.
  • the control computer is connected to the drive motor controller, the reader/writer to be tested, and the spectrum analyzer.
  • the spectrum analyzer is configured to trigger on the main channel transmitted by the reader/writer to be tested, and the receiving antenna monitors the communication process between the reader/writer to be tested and the RFID tag to be tested through the spectrum analyzer, and captures the electromagnetic signal corresponding to the communication process.
  • the single-tag reading result corresponding to the single-tag read command is demodulated from the captured electromagnetic signal.
  • the control computer is configured to send a speed control command to the drive motor controller to control the speed of the drive motor; and is further configured to send a single label read command to the reader/writer to be tested, instructing the reader antenna to transmit the shot according to the set time interval
  • the tag reads the signal; it is also used for statistical analysis of the single tag read result sent by the spectrum analyzer.
  • the device for testing the performance of the radio frequency identification system may further include A protective cover disposed outside the turntable, the protective cover being made of a metal plate to which the absorbing material is attached.
  • the shield has an opening for providing a window for the reader to transmit the antenna to communicate with the RFID tag to be tested.
  • the shield has an open face at an angle of 45 to the main lobe axis of the reader transmit antenna.
  • the material of the turntable and the label card slot is a plastic material having a low conductivity and a dielectric constant of less than 1.5.
  • the device for testing the performance of the radio frequency identification system may further include: a synchronization sensor, configured to sense whether the RFID tag to be tested enters the read/write area of the reader antenna.
  • the synchronization sensor is an optical sensor.
  • control computer is further used for statistically analyzing the single tag reading result sent by the spectrum analyzer.
  • control computer is further configured to: adjust the transmit power of the reader/writer to be tested according to the signal strength of the main channel transmitted by the reader/writer received by the spectrum analyzer.
  • the adjusted transmit power of the reader to be tested - 4 ⁇
  • P T P R + 20 ⁇ g ⁇ ⁇
  • D the distance between the spectrum analyzer receiving antenna and the transmitting antenna of the reader to be tested
  • A the wavelength associated with the primary channel transmitted by the reader is measured by the spectrum analyzer receiving antenna gain, which is the antenna gain of the reader to be tested.
  • the present invention also discloses a method for testing the performance of a radio frequency identification system, the method comprising: driving a motor to rotate at a preset speed; mounting a turntable mounted on a plane of rotation of the driving motor to drive the fixing
  • the RFID tag to be tested rotates in the vertical rotation plane position in the tag slot; when the direction of the main lobe axis of the reader antenna is parallel or coincident with the plane direction of the main lobe axis of the built-in antenna of the RFID tag to be tested, the solid
  • the reader/transmitter transmitting antenna disposed at a preset position around the turntable receives an instruction of the reader/writer to be tested, and repeatedly transmits a single-tag read signal to the RFID electronic tag to be tested.
  • the spectrum analyzer further comprises: the spectrum analyzer receiving the antenna through the frequency domain trigger mode to capture the electromagnetic signal, Demodulated electromagnetics from the captured electromagnetic signals The pattern and/or power of the signal; the spectrum analyzer receiving antenna is connected to the spectrum analyzer, and is located on the connecting line between the center of the main lobe axis of the reader antenna and the center of the main lobe axis of the built-in antenna of the RFID tag to be tested.
  • the spectrum analyzer receives the electromagnetic signal through the frequency domain trigger mode through the spectrum analyzer receiving antenna, and demodulates the graphic and/or power of the electromagnetic signal in the captured electromagnetic signal, including: spectrum analyzer Trigger on the main channel transmitted by the reader/writer to be tested, and monitor the communication process between the reader/writer under test and the RFID tag to be tested through the spectrum analyzer receiving antenna, and capture the electromagnetic signal corresponding to the communication process, in the captured electromagnetic signal.
  • the single tag read result corresponding to the single tag read command is demodulated.
  • the method for testing the performance of the radio frequency identification system may further include: the control computer sends a rotation speed control instruction to the driving motor controller to control the rotation speed of the driving motor; and the control computer sends a single label reading to the reader/writer to be tested.
  • the instruction instructs the reader to transmit the single-tag read signal according to the set time interval; the control computer performs statistical analysis on the single-label read result sent by the spectrum analyzer.
  • the method for testing the performance of the radio frequency identification system may further include: arranging a protective cover on the outside of the turntable, the protective cover being made of a metal plate to which the absorbing material is attached, having an opening, the opening A window for providing a communication process between the reader transmit antenna and the RFID tag to be tested.
  • the face of the shield having an opening is at an angle of 45 to the direction of the main lobe axis of the reader antenna.
  • the material of the turntable and the label card slot is a plastic material having a low conductivity and a dielectric constant of less than 1.5.
  • the reader/transmitter transmitting antenna receives the instruction of the reader/writer to be tested, and before transmitting the single-tag reading signal to the RFID electronic tag to be tested, the synchronous sensor further detects whether the RFID tag to be tested enters the reading and writing.
  • the read/write area of the transmitting antenna of the transmitter if the RFID electronic tag to be tested enters the reading and writing area of the transmitting antenna of the reader/writer, sends a command to the reader/writer under test through the control computer, indicating that the reader/writer to be tested sends a read/write single tag reading Take the signal.
  • the synchronization sensor is an optical sensor.
  • the method further comprises: controlling the computer to statistically analyze the single-label reading result sent by the spectrum analyzer.
  • the method before the spectrum analyzer demodulates the single-label reading result in the captured electromagnetic signal, the method further includes: controlling, by the computer, the signal of the main channel transmitted by the reader/writer to be tested according to the spectrum analyzer Intensity, adjust the transmit power of the reader/writer to be tested. Optimally, the adjusted transmit power of the reader to be tested:
  • ⁇ where is the maximum signal strength at the antenna position of the spectrum analyzer; the distance between the spectrum analyzer receiving antenna and the transmitting antenna of the reader under test, A is the wavelength associated with the main channel transmitted by the reader/writer under test , Receive antenna gain for the spectrum analyzer, and transmit antenna gain for the reader to be tested. .
  • the speed of the electronic label in the tangential direction of the rotating disc is used to simulate the linear motion speed of the electronic label in the actual application, and the performance of the RFID application system in which the electronic label is in motion can be automatically and reproducibly scientifically and reproducibly
  • the test can effectively simulate the RFID application scenario in which the electronic tag is in motion in the laboratory;
  • a double dipole antenna with a low gain and a symmetrical pattern is used as a receiving antenna, and placed side by side with the electronic tag, which can reduce coupling and interference of the receiving antenna to the electronic tag antenna, and adopt a gain of more than 10 dBi.
  • the standard gain antenna is used as a transmitting antenna, and the signal resolution is high, which can effectively improve the resolution of weak signals;
  • the position of the radio frequency identification tag to be tested is sensed by using a synchronous sensor, and when it is located in the effective read/write area of the antenna of the reader/writer to be tested, a signal is sent to the control computer to indicate that the reader/writer to be tested transmits The single tag reads the signal, thereby enhancing the accuracy of reading and writing.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a test radio frequency identification tag device provided by the present invention.
  • Figure 2a is a front elevational view of a device for testing a radio frequency identification tag in accordance with the present invention
  • Figure 2b is a top plan view of a device for testing a radio frequency identification tag in accordance with the present invention
  • Figure 2c is a left side view of a device for testing a radio frequency identification tag in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a method of testing a radio frequency identification tag in accordance with the present invention. detailed description
  • the present invention proposes an apparatus and method for testing the performance of a radio frequency identification system.
  • An apparatus for testing performance of a radio frequency identification system includes: a turntable, a drive motor, and a reader transmit antenna, wherein: a drive motor for rotating at a preset speed; a turntable, mounted on The rotating plane of the driving motor includes a label card slot, and the label card slot fixes the position of the RFID electronic tag to be tested on the vertical rotation plane; the reader antenna is disposed at a fixed position around the turntable, and is connected to the reader/writer to be tested.
  • the main lobe axis direction of the reader transmit antenna is on the same plane as the main lobe axis direction of the built-in antenna of the RFID tag to be tested.
  • the reader/writer transmitting antenna is directed to the RFID electronic tag to be tested.
  • the speed of the tangential direction of the turntable is used to simulate the linear motion speed of the electronic tag to be tested in the actual application, the volume of the test radio frequency identification tag device is reduced, space is saved, and the test flexibility is improved.
  • the apparatus for testing the performance of the radio frequency identification system further includes a spectrum analyzer, a spectrum analyzer receiving antenna.
  • a spectrum analyzer for capturing the electromagnetic signal by using a frequency domain trigger mode, demodulating the pattern and/or power of the electromagnetic signal in the captured electromagnetic signal;
  • the spectrum analyzer receiving antenna is connected to the spectrum analyzer, Located at the center of the main lobe axis of the reader transmit antenna and the center of the main lobe axis of the built-in antenna of the RFID tag to be tested.
  • the spectrum analyzer antenna can be placed anywhere around the turntable as long as it can receive the communication process between the reader antenna and the RFID tag to be tested.
  • the spectrum analyzer receiving antenna can receive the strongest signal.
  • the spectrum analyzer receiving antenna is a double dipole antenna with a gain of 2 dBi or more
  • the reader antenna is a standard gain antenna with a gain of greater than or equal to 10 dBi.
  • a dual dipole antenna with a low gain and a symmetric pattern is used as a receiving antenna, and placed side by side with the electronic tag, which can reduce coupling and interference of the receiving antenna to the electronic tag antenna, and adopt a gain of more than 10 dBi. Standard gain antenna as the transmit antenna, High signal resolution can effectively improve the resolution of weak signals.
  • the apparatus for testing the performance of the radio frequency identification system further comprises: a drive motor controller, a control computer, the control computer respectively connected to the drive motor controller, the reader/writer to be tested, the spectrum analyzer, the control computer, Sending a speed control command to the drive motor controller to control the rotational speed of the drive motor; the control computer is further configured to send a single tag read command to the reader/writer to be tested, instructing the reader transmit antenna to transmit a single tag read at a set time interval
  • a signal analyzer is used to trigger on the main channel transmitted by the reader/writer to be tested, and the receiving antenna monitors the communication process between the reader/writer to be tested and the electronic tag to be tested through the spectrum analyzer, and captures the electromagnetic signal corresponding to the communication process.
  • the single-tag reading result corresponding to the single-label reading instruction is demodulated in the captured electromagnetic signal; and the control computer is further configured to perform statistical analysis on the single-label reading result sent by the spectrum analyzer.
  • the plurality of devices constitute a complete system for testing the performance of the radio frequency identification system, and the performance of the reader/writer to be tested and the electronic tag to be tested can be conveniently tested.
  • the device for testing the performance of the radio frequency identification system may further include a synchronization sensor, and the synchronization sensor is configured to sense whether the RFID tag to be tested enters the read/write area of the reader transmit antenna.
  • the control computer After receiving the sensing result of the RFID electronic tag to be tested entering the read/write area of the reader antenna, the control computer sends a single tag reading command to the reader/writer under test immediately and/or after waiting for the rotation cycle related to the rotation speed.
  • the synchronization sensor is located on the same plane as the RFID electronic tag to be tested, and the center of the main lobe of the reader transmit antenna and the main lobe center of the built-in antenna of the RFID tag to be tested.
  • the synchronous sensor is a high-sensitivity optical sensor with an accuracy of the order of millimeters or more and the response time should be as small as possible. Setting the synchronization sensor can effectively improve the efficiency of the test.
  • the material of the turntable and the label card slot is a plastic material having a low conductivity and a dielectric constant of less than 1.5.
  • the outer surface of the turntable is also provided with a protective cover made of a metal plate to which the absorbing material is attached, and has an opening on one side thereof for providing a window for the reader to transmit the antenna and the RFID electronic tag to be tested.
  • the open side of the shield is at an angle of 45° to the main lobe axis of the reader transmit antenna, which allows the tag to enter the working area of the reader to be tested for the longest period of time.
  • the accuracy and safety of the test can be improved by providing a shield in the device that tests the RFID tag.
  • the purpose of the absorbing material is to prevent electromagnetic waves reflected from the shield from interfering with the reader or spectrum analyzer.
  • the absorbing material adopts a absorbing material commonly used in the field, that is, Yes.
  • the present invention also discloses a method for testing the performance of the radio frequency identification system, including: Step S102: The driving motor rotates according to a preset speed;
  • Step S104 the turntable mounted on the rotating plane of the driving motor drives the RFID electronic tag to be tested that is fixed in the vertical rotating plane position in the label slot;
  • Step S106 when the main lobe axis plane of the reader antenna is parallel or coincident with the main lobe axis plane of the built-in antenna of the RPID electronic tag to be tested, the reader antenna fixed at a preset position around the turntable is received. The reader/writer command is transmitted, and the single tag read signal is repeatedly sent to the RFID electronic tag to be tested. _
  • the method further includes:
  • Step S108 receiving an antenna by a spectrum analyzer receiving a line on a connection line between a center of a main lobe axis of the reader antenna and a main lobe axis center of the built-in antenna of the RFID tag to be tested, and the spectrum analyzer adopts a frequency domain trigger mode to capture the electromagnetic field.
  • the signal demodulates the single-tag reading result corresponding to the single-tag read command in the captured electromagnetic signal.
  • the method further includes: Step S101: The control computer sends a rotation speed control command to the driving motor controller to control the rotation speed of the driving motor.
  • Step S102 further includes: Step S103: A synchronization sensor located on a connection line between a geometric center of the reader antenna and a geometric center of the built-in antenna of the RPID electronic tag to be tested senses whether the RFID tag to be tested enters the reader transmit antenna Read and write areas, and send the sensing results to the control computer.
  • Step S105 After receiving the sensing result of the RFID electronic tag to be tested entering the read/write area of the reader antenna, the control computer immediately and/or waits for the rotation period related to the rotation speed to be tested The reader sends a single tag read command.
  • Step S108 further includes: Step S109: The control computer statistically analyzes the single-label reading result corresponding to the single-tag read command sent by the spectrum analyzer.
  • the method further comprises: controlling, by the computer, the signal strength of the main channel transmitted by the reader/writer according to the spectrum analyzer, to be read and written.
  • the transmit power of the device is adjusted. Adjusted transmit power of the reader under test:
  • A is the maximum signal strength at the antenna position of the spectrum analyzer; the distance between the receiving antenna of the spectrum analyzer and the transmitting antenna of the reader to be tested, A is related to the main channel transmitted by the reader/writer to be tested The wavelength of the receiving antenna for the spectrum analyzer, and the antenna gain for the reader to be tested.
  • the transmit power of the reader to be tested is generally set to the maximum value of the transmit power of the specified reader in the area.
  • the maximum value does not have to match the device that tests the RFID tag, and needs to be constantly adjusted during the test.
  • the ultimate goal of this adjustment is to obtain a stable single-label reading at the spectrum analyzer, and the control computer correctly demodulates the signal of the electronic tag to be tested.
  • the principle of the radio frequency identification system performance testing apparatus and method is specifically as follows: After the reader/writer to be tested receives the instruction to send the reading order label, the signal of the reading single label is sent to the electronic label to be tested, and the electronic label to be tested receives the reading single label. The signal is sent to the reader/writer under test to send a response signal.
  • the spectrum analyzer receiving antenna receives all signals of the reader/writer to be tested and the electronic tag to be tested during the entire communication process.
  • the spectrum analyzer monitors the entire communication process through the spectrum analyzer receiving antenna. And use the RFID signal analysis module provided by the spectrum analyzer to demodulate and analyze all the readers to be tested and the electronic tag signals to be tested.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a device for testing a performance of a radio frequency identification system according to the present invention.
  • the principle of the device for testing the performance of the radio frequency identification system is to drive the turntable by using the driving motor, and at the same time, the RFID electronic tag to be tested mounted on the edge of the turntable is in a high-speed motion state, and the rotational speed of the electronic tag to be tested in the tangential direction is simulated in practical application.
  • the device comprises a reader antenna, a reader antenna holder 2, a spectrum analyzer receiving antenna 3, an electronic tag 4 to be tested, a turntable 5, a shield 6, a support table 7, a drive motor 8, and a drive motor controller.
  • the reader antenna 1 is placed on the reader antenna bracket 2; the spectrum analyzer receiving antenna 3 is placed on the shield 6; the electronic tag 4 to be tested is mounted on the turntable 5; the spectrum analyzer receiving antenna 3 is placed in the read/write Between the transmitting antenna 1 and the geometric center position of the radiating surface of the electronic tag 4 to be tested; the synchronizing sensor 13 is located inside the protective cover 6, directly below the receiving antenna 3 of the spectrum analyzer; the turntable 5 is fixed on the driving motor 8; The protective cover 6 is placed outside the turntable 5 and the electronic tag 4 to be tested; the protective cover 6 and the drive motor 8 are placed on the support On the stage 7.
  • the reader transmitter antenna 1 and the reader/writer 11 to be tested, the spectrum analyzer receiving antenna 3 and the spectrum analyzer 10 are respectively connected by a radio frequency feeder; the synchronizing sensor 13 and the driving motor controller 9 respectively pass the signal feeder with the control computer 12. connection.
  • the control computer 12 sends a rotation speed control command to the drive motor controller 9 to move the electronic tag 4 to be tested at a set speed; the synchronization sensor 13 detects that the electronic tag 4 to be tested is located directly below the spectrum analyzer receiving antenna 3, and then goes to the control computer.
  • the control computer 12 feedback target detection signal; the control computer 12 receives the target detection signal and waits for the rotation period T of the turntable to repeatedly send a single-tag read command to the reader/writer 11 to be tested; the reader/transmitter transmitting antenna 1 transmits electromagnetic signals according to the set time interval.
  • the electronic tag 4 to be tested responds; the spectrum analyzer 10 receives the electromagnetic signal captured by the antenna 3 by the receiving spectrum analyzer, triggers on the main channel transmitted by the reader/writer 11 to be tested, and reads the reader/writer to be tested through the control computer 12.
  • the single tag reading result of 11 judges whether the current reading is successful on the control computer 12, and records the pattern and power value of the captured tag signal after successful, otherwise the spectrum analyzer 10 continues to capture the signal for analysis. If the label movement speed is adjusted, the movement speed is set on the control computer 12 to start the next test.
  • Figure 2a is a front elevational view of a device for testing the performance of a radio frequency identification system in accordance with the present invention
  • Figure 2b is a top plan view of a device for testing the performance of a radio frequency identification system in accordance with the present invention
  • Figure 2c is a left side elevational view of the device for testing the performance of the radio frequency identification system in accordance with the present invention. As shown in FIG. 2a, FIG. 2b and FIG.
  • the electronic tag of the electronic tag to be tested is in the moving part of the radio frequency identification system performance test system rotating part, wherein the reader/transmitter transmitting antenna 1 is placed on the reader antenna support 2, the spectrum analyzer The receiving antenna 3 is placed on the protective cover 6, and the synchronous sensor 13 is located inside the protective cover 6, directly under the spectrum analyzer receiving antenna 3, the electronic tag 4 to be tested is mounted on the turntable 5, and the electronic tag 4 to be tested is perpendicular to the turntable 5
  • the spectrum analyzer receiving antenna 3 is placed on the radiating surface geometric center connecting line B of the reader transmitting antenna 1 and the electronic tag 4 to be tested, the turntable 5 is fixed on the driving motor 8, and the protective cover 6 is placed on the turntable 5 and Outside the electronic tag 4 to be tested, the shield 6 and the drive motor 8 are placed on the support table 7, and the direction of the main lobe of the reader/transmitter antenna 1 is 45 with the upper edge plane of the shield 6.
  • the reader/sitter antenna holder 2 has a height of 0.3, is made of polystyrene material, and is wrapped with a absorbing material.
  • the reader antenna 1 is fixed above the holder.
  • the fixed real-time spectrum analyzer has its own antenna as the spectrum analyzer receiving antenna 3, and the spectrum analyzer is connected.
  • the distance between the receiving antenna 3 and the reader antenna holder 2 is 0.3 meters, the spectrum analyzer receiving antenna 3 is close to the reading label window, and the spectrum analyzer 10 selects real-time spectrum analysis capable of frequency domain triggering and displaying the instantaneous waveform of the wireless signal. instrument.
  • the control computer 12 selects a general computer with a LAN interface, and connects with the real-time spectrum analyzer and the reader/writer 11 to be tested through a 1000 Mbps Ethernet switch, and performs data exchange using a TCP/IP protocol transmission mode based on the VXI bus.
  • the turntable 5 employs a 60 cm diameter turntable made of a plastic having a dielectric constant of less than 1.5.
  • the shield 6 is made of a steel plate having a size of 80 cm X 80 cm X 10 cm.
  • FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a method of testing the performance of a radio frequency identification system in accordance with the present invention. As shown in Figure 3, the process of testing the performance of the RFID system includes the following steps:
  • Step 301 The device is initialized, and respectively establishes a communication connection between the control computer 12 and the reader/writer 11 to be tested, the drive motor controller 9, the spectrum analyzer 10, and the synchronization sensor 13, so that the synchronization sensor 13 and the reader/writer 11 to be tested are And driving the motor controller 9 to enter the working ready state, and the spectrum analyzer 10 enters the spectrum analyzer frequency domain template trigger mode preparation state;
  • the control computer 12 sets the transmit power of the reader/writer 11 to be tested to the maximum value of the read/write power of the reader. For example, the maximum transmit power in China is 2W ERP, and the transmit frequency of the reader to be tested is set.
  • the reader/writer 11 to be tested repeatedly sends and reads a single electronic tag command.
  • Step 303 The control computer 12 sends a start detection command to the synchronization sensor 13, and the synchronization sensor 13 starts to work.
  • the target detection signal is fed back to the control computer 12, After receiving the target detection signal, the control computer 12 waits for the turntable rotation period T to repeatedly send a read single label command to the reader/writer under test.
  • Step 305 Perform demodulation analysis on the signal captured by the frequency domain template trigger function of the spectrum analyzer 10 at the control computer 12 to see if the signal of the electronic tag 4 to be tested can be correctly demodulated, if it has been correctly demodulated Measure the signal of the electronic tag 4, then proceeds to step 306; if the signal of the electronic tag 4 to be tested cannot be correctly demodulated, then returns to step 304;
  • Step 307 At the control computer 12, it is judged whether the motion speed of the electronic tag 4 to be tested is adjusted. If there is no adjustment of the motion speed of the electronic tag 4 to be tested, the process proceeds to step 308; otherwise, the process returns to step 302;
  • Step 308 Disconnect the communication between the control computer 12 and the reader/writer 11 to be tested, the drive motor controller 9, the synchronization sensor 13, and the spectrum analyzer 10, and close all the test equipments, and the test ends;
  • the communication connection between the control computer and the reader/writer to be tested, the drive motor controller, and the spectrum analyzer is respectively established.
  • the control computer can send and receive the read/write from the test through the Ethernet, the serial port or the GPIB bus. Controller, drive motor controller, spectrum analyzer control instructions and query results.
  • the frequency domain template of the spectrum analyzer is set on the control computer.
  • the trigger is to trigger the corresponding device operation command when a signal meeting the set frequency and power conditions occurs in the frequency range in a sampling time period of lOms-100 ms.
  • the apparatus and method for testing the performance of the radio frequency identification system of the present invention utilizes plastic
  • the speed of the tangential direction of the material carousel simulates the linear motion speed of the electronic tag in practical applications, thereby restoring the real test scene during the test, reducing the volume of the test equipment and improving the flexibility of the test.

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  • Computer Vision & Pattern Recognition (AREA)
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Description

测试射频识别系统性能的装置和方法
技术领域
本发明涉及电子行业射频技术领域， 尤其涉及一种测试射频识别系 统性能的装置和方法。 背景技术
射频识别 （Radio Frequency Identification, 简称 RFID) 技术是一种 利用射频技术实现的非接触式自动识别技术。 RFID电子标签具有体积小、 读写速度快、 形状多样、 使用寿命长、 可重复使用、 存储容量大、 能穿 透非导电性材料等特点，结合 RFID读写器可以实现多目标识别和移动目 标识别， 进一步通过与互联网技术的结合还可以实现全球范围内物品的 跟踪与信息的共享。 RFID技术应用于物流、制造、公共信息服务等行业， 可大幅提高管理与运作效率， 降低成本。
作为物联网的核心技术， 随着物联网的进一步推广， RFID技术飞速 发展， 相关产品的生产厂家逐渐增多， 从手持式到固定式， RFID读写器 的品种也已经上升到数百种， 并且还在不断推出新的产品。 为了在众多 的 RFID读写器中选择最能够满足使用者需求的产品， 就需要对 RFID产 品的性能指标进行专门的测试。
在大多数 RFID的应用过程中， RFID读写器和标签之间是相对运动 的。 因此， 测试运动状态下 RFID电子标签的性能非常必要。 基准测试的 目的是通过设计合理的测试方法、 测试流程和测试工具对一类测试对象 的某项性能指标进行测试， 并且保证测试取得的结果是可比较的、 可重 复的。使用基准测试方法对电子标签在运动状态下的 RFID应用系统性能 进行测试， 可以直接真实的反映出在电子标签处于运动状态的应用场景 中 RFID应用系统的各项性能指标。
在实现本发明的过程中，发明人意识到现有技术中测试 RFID电子标 签方式存在如下缺陷： 待测 RFID读写器和待测 RFID电子标签相对直线 运动， 造成测试设备体积庞大。 发明内容
(一） 要解决的技术问题
针对上述问题， 本发明提供了一种测试射频识别系统性能的装置和 方法， 以节约空间， 减小测试设备的体积。
(二） 技术方案
根据本发明的一个方面， 本发明公开了一种测试射频识别系统性能 的装置。 该装置包括转盘、 驱动电机、 读写器发射天线， 其中： 驱动电 机， 按照预设转速转动； 转盘， 贴装于驱动电机的转动平面上， 包括标 签卡槽， 标签卡槽固设待测 RFID电子标签于垂直转动平面的位置； 读写 器发射天线， 设置于转盘四周的固定位置， 与待测读写器相连， 读写器 发射天线的主瓣轴方向与待测 RFID 电子标签的内置天线的主瓣轴方向 在同一平面上。
优选地， 本技术方案中， 测试射频识别系统性能的装置还可以包括 频谱分析仪、 频谱分析仪接收天线， 其中： 频谱分析仪， 用于采用频域 触发模式来捕获电磁信号， 在捕捉到的电磁信号中解调出电磁信号的图 形和 /或功率； 频谱分析仪接收天线， 与频谱分析仪相连， 位于读写器发 射天线的主瓣轴中心与待测 RFID 电子标签的内置天线的主瓣轴中心的 连接线上。 最优地， 该频谱分析仪接收天线为增益大于等于 2dBi的双偶 极子天线， 该读写器发射天线为增益大于等于 lOdBi的标准增益天线。
优选地， 本技术方案中， 测试射频识别系统性能的装置还可以包括 驱动电机控制器、 控制计算机。 控制计算机分别与驱动电机控制器、 待 测读写器、 频谱分析仪相连。 频谱分析仪， 用于在待测读写器发射的主 信道进行触发，通过频谱分析仪接收天线监测待测读写器与待测 RFID电 子标签的通信过程， 捕捉对应通信过程的电磁信号， 在捕捉到的电磁信 号中解调出单标签读取指令对应的单标签读取结果。 控制计算机， 用于 向驱动电机控制器发送转速控制指令， 控制驱动电机的转速； 还用于向 待测读写器发送单标签读取指令， 指示读写器发射天线按照设定时间间 隔发射单标签读取信号； 还用于对频谱分析仪发送的单标签读取结果进 行统计分析。
优选地， 本技术方案中， 测试射频识别系统性能的装置还可以包括 套设于转盘外部的防护罩， 该防护罩由贴附有吸波材料的金属板制成。； 防护罩具有开口，开口用于提供读写器发射天线与待测 RFID电子标签进 行通信过程的窗口。 最优地， 防护罩具有开口的面与读写器发射天线主 瓣轴方向成 45°角。
优选地， 本技术方案中， 转盘和标签卡槽的材料为传导率低， 且介 电常数小于 1.5的塑料材料。
优选地， 本技术方案中， 测试射频识别系统性能的装置还可以包括: 同步传感器，用于感应待测 RFID电子标签是否进入读写器发射天线的读 写区域。 最优地， 该同步传感器为光学传感器。
优选地， 本技术方案中， 上述控制计算机还用于统计分析频谱分析 仪发送的单标签读取结果。
优选地， 本技术方案中， 控制计算机还用于： 根据频谱分析仪接收 到的待测读写器发射的主信道的信号强度， 对待测读写器的发射功率进 行调整。 最优地， 调整后的待测读写器的发射功率- 4πΌ
PT = PR + 20 \g \ λ 其中， 为频谱分析仪接收天线位置处的最大信号强度； D为频谱分 析仪接收天线与待测读写器发射天线之间的距离， A为与待测读写器发射 的主信道相关的波长， 为频谱分析仪接收天线增益， 为待测读写器 发射天线增益。
根据本发明的另一个方面， 本发明还公开了一种测试射频识别系统 性能的方法， 该方法包括： 驱动电机按照预设速度转动； 贴装于驱动电 机转动平面上的转盘， 带动固设于标签卡槽中的垂直转动平面位置的待 测 RFID电子标签转动；当读写器发射天线的主瓣轴平面方向与待测 RFID 电子标签的内置天线的主瓣轴平面方向平行或重合时， 固设于转盘四周 预设位置的读写器发射天线， 接收待测读写器的指令， 向待测 RFID电子 标签重复发送单标签读取信号。
优选地， 本技术方案中， 读写器发射天线向待测 RFID电子标签重复 发送单标签读取信号之后还包括： 频谱分析仪通过频谱分析仪接收天线 采用频域触发模式来捕获电磁信号， 在捕捉到的电磁信号中解调出电磁 信号的图形和 /或功率； 该频谱分析仪接收天线与频谱分析仪相连， 位于 读写器发射天线的主瓣轴中心与待测 RFID 电子标签的内置天线的主瓣 轴中心的连接线上。
优选地， 本技术方案中， 频谱分析仪通过频谱分析仪接收天线采用 频域触发模式来捕获电磁信号， 在捕捉到的电磁信号中解调出电磁信号 的图形和 /或功率包括：频谱分析仪在待测读写器发射的主信道进行触发， 通过频谱分析仪接收天线监测待测读写器与待测 RFID 电子标签的通信 过程， 捕捉对应通信过程的电磁信号， 在捕捉到的电磁信号中解调出单 标签读取指令对应的单标签读取结果。
优选地， 本技术方案中， 测试射频识别系统性能的方法还可以包括: 控制计算机向驱动电机控制器发送转速控制指令， 控制驱动电机的转速; 控制计算机向待测读写器发送单标签读取指令， 指示读写器发射天线按 照设定时间间隔发射单标签读取信号； 控制计算机对频谱分析仪发送的 单标签读取结果进行统计分析。
优选地， 本技术方案中， 测试射频识别系统性能的方法中还可以包 括， 在转盘的外部套设防护罩， 该防护罩由贴附有吸波材料的金属板制 成， 具有开口， 该开口提供读写器发射天线与待测 RFID电子标签进行通 信过程的窗口。 最优地， 改防护罩具有开口的面与读写器发射天线主瓣 轴方向成 45°角。
优选地， 本技术方案中， 转盘和标签卡槽的材料为传导率低， 且介 电常数小于 1.5的塑料材料。
优选地， 本技术方案中， 读写器发射天线接收待测读写器的指令， 向待测 RFID 电子标签重复发送单标签读取信号之前还包括同步传感器 感应待测 RFID电子标签是否进入读写器发射天线的读写区域，如果待测 RFID电子标签进入读写器发射天线的读写区域， 则通过控制计算机向待 测读写器发送指令， 指示待测读写器发送读写单标签读取信号。 最优地， 该同步传感器为光学传感器。
优选地， 本技术方案中， 频谱分析仪在捕捉到的电磁信号中解调出 单标签读取结果之后还包括： 控制计算机统计分析频谱分析仪发送的单 标签读取结果。 优选地， 本技术方案中， 频谱分析仪在捕捉到的电磁信号中解调出 单标签读取结果之前还包括： 控制计算机根据频谱分析仪接收到的待测 读写器发射的主信道的信号强度， 对待测读写器的发射功率进行调整。 最优地， 调整后的待测读写器的发射功率：
4πϋ
PT = PR + 20 lg - GR - GT
λ 其中， 为频谱分析仪接收天线位置处的最大信号强度； 为频谱分 析仪接收天线与待测读写器发射天线之间的距离， A为与待测读写器发射 的主信道相关的波长， 为频谱分析仪接收天线增益， 为待测读写器 发射天线增益。 .
(三） 有益效果
1 ) 本发明中， 采用电子标签在转动圆盘切线方向的速度来模拟实际 应用中电子标签直线运动速度， 可以科学的、 可重复的对电子标签处于 运动状态的 RFID应用系统各项性能进行自动化测试，可以有效的在实验 室内模拟电子标签处于运动状态的 RFID应用场景； .
2 ) 本发明中， 使用增益较低、 方向图对称的双偶极子天线作为接收 天线， 与电子标签并排放置， 可以降低接收天线对电子标签天线产生的 耦合和干扰， 同时采用增益在 lOdBi以上的标准增益天线作为发射天线， 信号分辨率高， 可以有效提高微弱信号的分辨能力；
3 ) 本发明中， 通过采用同步传感器感测待测射频识别标签的位置， 当其位于待测读写器天线有效地读写区域后， 才向控制计算机发送信号， 指示待测读写器发送单标签读取信号， 从而增强的读写的准确率。 附图说明
图 1为本发明提供的测试射频识别标签装置的示意图;
图 2a为根据本发明测试射频识别标签装置的主视图；
图 2b为根据本发明测试射频识别标签装置的俯视图；
图 2c为根据本发明测试射频识别标签装置的左视图；
图 3为根据本发明测试射频识别标签方法的流程图。 具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、 技术方案和优点更加清楚明白， 以下结合具体 实施例， 并参照附图， 对本发明进一步详细说明。
为了在测试过程中还原真实的测试场景， 本发明提出一种测试射频 识别系统性能的装置和方法。
根据本发明的一种示例性实施例的测试射频识别系统性能的装置， 包括： 转盘、 驱动电机、 读写器发射天线， 其中： 驱动电机， 用于按照 预设转速转动； 转盘， 贴装于驱动电机的转动平面上， 包括标签卡槽， 标签卡槽固设待测 RFID电子标签于垂直转动平面的位置；读写器发射天 线， 设置于转盘四周的固定位置， 与待测读写器相连， 读写器发射天线 的主瓣轴方向与待测 RFID 电子标签的内置天线的主瓣轴方向在同一平 面上。
在上述的示例性实施例中， 当读写器发射天线的主瓣轴方向与待测 RFID电子标签的内置天线的主瓣轴方向平行或重合时， 读写器发射天线 向待测 RFID电子标签发送单标签读取指令。本实施例利用转盘切线方向 的速度来模拟实际应用中待测电子标签直线运动速度， 减小了测试射频 识别标签装置的体积， 节约了空间， 提高了测试的灵活性。
在进一步的实施例中， 测试射频识别系统性能的装置还包括频谱分 析仪、 频谱分析仪接收天线。 其中： 频谱分析仪， 用于采用频域触发模 式来捕莸电磁信号， 在捕捉到的电磁信号中解调出电磁信号的图形和 /或 功率； 频谱分析仪接收天线， 与频谱分析仪相连， 位于读写器发射天线 的主瓣轴中心与待测 RFID 电子标签的内置天线的主瓣轴中心的连接线 上。 事实上， 频谱分析仪天线可以在转盘周围的任意位置， 只要能接收 到读写器天线与待测 RFID电子标签的通信过程即可。而此处给出的最优 位置， 在此位置上， 频谱分析仪接收天线能接收到的信号最强。 并且， 优选地， 该频谱分析仪接收天线为增益大于等于 2dBi的双偶极子天线， 读写器发射天线为增益大于等于 lOdBi的标准增益天线。
本实施例中， 使用增益较低、 方向图对称的双偶极子天线作为接收 天线， 与电子标签并排放置， 可以降低接收天线对电子标签天线产生的 耦合和干扰， 同时采用增益在 lOdBi以上的标准增益天线作为发射天线， 信号分辨率高， 可以有效提高微弱信号的分辨能力。
在进一步的实施例中， 测试射频识别系统性能的装置还包括： 驱动 电机控制器、 控制计算机， 控制计算机分别与驱动电机控制器、 待测读 写器、 频谱分析仪相连， 控制计算机， 用于向驱动电机控制器发送转速 控制指令， 控制驱动电机的转速； 控制计算机， 还用于向待测读写器发 送单标签读取指令， 指示读写器发射天线按照设定时间间隔发射单标签 读取信号； 频谱分析仪， 用于在待测读写器发射的主信道进行触发， 通 过频谱分析仪接收天线监测待测读写器与待测电子标签的通信过程， 捕 捉对应通信过程的电磁信号， 在捕捉到的电磁信号中解调出单标签读取 指令对应的单标签读取结果； 控制计算机， 还用于对频谱分析仪发送的 单标签读取结果进行统计分析。 本实施例中， 上述多个设备构成一个测 试射频识别系统性能的完整系统， 可以方便的测试待测读写器和待测电 子标签的性能。
优选地， 上述各实施例中， 测试射频识别系统性能的装置还可以包 括同步传感器， 该同步传感器， 用于感应待测 RFID电子标签是否进入读 写器发射天线的读写区域。控制计算机在收到待测 RFID电子标签进入读 写器发射天线的读写区域的感应结果后， 即时和 /或等待与转速相关的转 动周期后， 向待测读写器发送单标签读取指令。 优选地， 该同步传感器 位于与待测 RFID电子标签的同一平面，读写器发射天线的主瓣中心与待 测 RFID电子标签的内置天线的主瓣中心的连接线上。该同步传感器为高 灵敏度光学传感器， 其精度大于等于毫米量级， 其响应时间应尽可能小。 设置该同步传感器可以有效地提高测试的效率。
优选地， 上述各实施例中， 转盘和标签卡槽的材料为传导率低且介 电常数小于 1.5的塑料材料。转盘外部还套装有防护罩， 防护罩由贴附有 吸波材料的金属板制成， 在其某一侧面具有开口， 开口用于提供读写器 发射天线与待测 RFID电子标签进行通信的窗口。防护罩的具有开口的侧 面与读写器发射天线主瓣轴方向成 45°角，使标签进入待测读写器工作区 域时间最长。 通过在测试射频识别标签的装置中设置防护罩， 可以提高 测试的准确性和安全性， 贴吸波材料的目的为防止从防护罩反射的电磁 波干扰读写器或频谱分析仪。 该吸波材料采用领域内通用的吸波材料即 可。
对应地， 本发明还公开了一种测试射频识别系统性能的方法， 包括： 步骤 S102, 驱动电机按照预设速度转动；
步骤 S104, 贴装于驱动电机转动平面上的转盘， 带动固设于标签卡 槽中的垂直转动平面位置的待测 RFID电子标签转动；
步骤 S106, 当读写器发射天线的主瓣轴平面与待测 RPID电子标签 的内置天线的主瓣轴平面平行或重合时， 固设于转盘四周预设位置的读 写器发射天线， 接收待测读写器的指令， 向待测 RFID电子标签重复发送 单标签读取信号。 _
在进一步的实施例当中，读写器发射天线向待测 RFID电子标签发送 读取单标签信号之后还包括：
步骤 S108, 通过位于读写器发射天线的主瓣轴中心与待测 RFID电 子标签的内置天线的主瓣轴中心的连接线上频谱分析仪接收天线， 频谱 分析仪采用频域触发模式来捕获电磁信号， 在捕捉到的电磁信号中解调 出单标签读取指令对应的单标签读取结果。
在进一步的实施例当中， 步骤 S102之前还包括： 步骤 S101 , 控制计 算机向驱动电机控制器发送转速控制指令， 控制驱动电机的转速。 步骤 S102 之后还包括： 步骤 S103， 位于读写器发射天线的几何中心与待测 RPID电子标签的内置天线的几何中心的连接线上的同步传感器感应待测 RFID电子标签是否进入读写器发射天线的读写区域， 并将感应结果发送 至控制计算机。步骤 S106之前还包括： 步骤 S105, 控制计算机在收到待 测 RFID电子标签进入读写器发射天线的读写区域的感应结果后，即时和 /或等待与转速相关的转动周期后， 向待测读写器发送单标签读取指令。 步骤 S108之后还包括： 步骤 S109,控制计算机统计分析频谱分析仪发送 的单标签读取指令对应的单标签读取结果。
优选地， 频谱分析仪在捕捉到的电磁信号中解调出电磁信号的图形 之前还包括： 控制计算机根据频谱分析仪接收到的待测读写器发射的主 信道的信号强度， 对待测读写器的发射功率进行调整。 调整后的待测读 写器的发射功率：
4πΌ
PT = PR + 20lg
λ 其中， A为频谱分析仪接收天线位置处的最大信号强度； 为频谱分 析仪接收天线与待测读写器发射天线之间的距离， A为与所述待测读写器 发射的主信道相关的波长， 为频谱分析仪接收天线增益， 为待测读 写器发射天线增益。
在测试之初， 一般设置待测读写器的发射功率为所在地区规定读写 器发射功率的最大值。 而该最大值不一定是和该测试射频识别电子标签 的装置相匹配， 需要在测试过程中不断调整。 该调整的最终目的为在频 谱分析仪处获得稳定的单标签读取结果， 由控制计算机正确解调出待测 电子标签的信号。
此外， 射频识别系统性能测试装置和方法的原理具体为： 待测读写 器收到发送读单标签的指令后向待测电子标签发送读单标签的信号， 待 测电子标签收到读单标签信号后向待测读写器发送响应信号， 频谱分析 仪接收天线在整个通信过程中接收待测读写器和待测电子标签的所有信 号， 频谱分析仪通过频谱分析仪接收天线监测整个通信过程， 并用频谱 分析仪自带的 RFID信号分析模块对所有待测读写器和待测电子标签信 号进行解调和分析。
下文中， 将结合实际测试环境， 对本发明进行具体说明。
如图 1所示， 图 1 为本发明提供的测试射频识别系统性能装置的示 意图。 本发明测试射频识别系统性能装置的原理是利用驱动电机带动转 盘， 同时使安装在转盘边缘的 RFID待测电子标签处于高速运动状态， 用 待测电子标签在切线方向的转动速度来模拟实际应用中待测电子标签直 线运动速度。 该装置包括读写器发射天线 1、 读写器天线支架 2、 频谱分 析仪接收天线 3、 待测电子标签 4、 转盘 5、 防护罩 6、 支撑台 7、 驱动电 机 8、 驱动电机控制器 9、 频谱分析仪 10、 待测读写器 11、 控制计算机 12、 同步传感器 13。 其中读写器发射天线 1置于读写器天线支架 2上； 频谱分析仪接收天线 3置于防护罩 6上； 待测电子标签 4安装于转盘 5 ； 频谱分析仪接收天线 3放置于读写器发射天线 1 和待测电子标签 4 的辐射面几何中心位置连线之间； 同步传感器 13位于防护罩 6内部， 在 频谱分析仪接收天线 3的正下方； 转盘 5固定在驱动电机 8上； 防护罩 6 套在转盘 5和待测电子标签 4外部； 防护罩 6和驱动电机 8都置于支撑 台 7上。 读写器发射天线 1与待测读写器 11、 频谱分析仪接收天线 3与 频谱分析仪 10之间分别通过射频馈线相连； 同步传感器 13和驱动电机 控制器 9分别与控制计算机 12通过信号馈线连接。 控制计算机 12向驱 动电机控制器 9发送转速控制指令使待测电子标签 4以设定的速度运动； 同步传感器 13检测到待测电子标签 4位于频谱分析仪接收天线 3正下方 后， 向控制计算机 12反馈目标检测信号； 控制计算机 12收到目标检测 信号等待转盘转动周期 T后向待测读写器 11重复发送单标签读取指令； 读写器发射天线 1 按照设定时间间隔发射电磁信号等待待测电子标签 4 响应； 频谱分析仪 10通过接收频谱分析仪接收天线 3捕捉的电磁信号， 在待测读写器 11 发射的主信道进行触发， 并通过控制计算机 12读取待 测读写器 11 的单标签读取结果； 在控制计算机 12上判断本次读取是否 成功， 成功后记录捕获标签信号的图形和功率值， 否则继续用频谱分析 仪 10捕获信号进行分析。 如果标签运动速度进行了调整， 在控制计算机 12上设定运动速度开始下一次测试。
图 2a为根据本发明测试射频识别系统性能装置的主视图；图 2b为根 据本发明测试射频识别系统性能装置的俯视图； 图 2c为根据本发明测试 射频识别系统性能装置的左视图。 如图 2a、 图 2b和图 2c所示， 待测电 子标签在运动状态下的射频识别系统性能测试系统转动部分， 其中读写 器发射天线 1置于读写器天线支架 2上， 频谱分析仪接收天线 3置于防 护罩 6上， 同步传感器 13位于防护罩 6内部， 在频谱分析仪接收天线 3 的正下方， 待测电子标签 4安装于转盘 5上， 待测电子标签 4垂直于转 盘 5盘面， 频谱分析仪接收天线 3放置于读写器发射天线 1和待测电子 标签 4的辐射面几何中心连接线 B之上， 转盘 5固定在驱动电机 8上， 防护罩 6套在转盘 5和待测电子标签 4外部， 防护罩 6和驱动电机 8都 置于支撑台 7上， 读写器发射天线 1主瓣方向与防护罩 6的上边沿平面 成 45。角， 以防护罩 6上边沿中点位置为中心， 在防护罩 6上面开了一个 宽为的 d的读标签窗口 A。
在本发明的一个实施例中， 读写器发射天线支架 2高为 0.3 ， 由聚 苯乙烯材料制成， 外裹吸波材料， 支架上方分别固定读写器发射天线 1。 固定实时频谱分析仪自带天线作为频谱分析仪接收天线 3，频谱分析仪接 收天线 3与读写器天线支架 2之间的距离为 0.3米，频谱分析仪接收天线 3紧靠读标签窗口， 频谱分析仪 10选用能够进行频域触发并显示无线信 号瞬时波形的实时频谱分析仪。 控制计算机 12选择带有 LAN接口的普 通计算机， 与实时频谱分析仪及待测读写器 11通过 1000Mbps以太网交 换机进行连接，使用基于 VXI总线的 TCP/IP协议传输模式完成数据交换。 转盘 5采用由介电常数小于 1.5塑料制成的直径为 60cm转盘。 防护罩 6 采用尺寸为 80cmX 80cmX 10cm的钢板制成防护罩。
图 3为根据本发明测试射频识别系统性能方法的流程图。 如图 3所 示， 测试射频识别系统性能方法的流程包括以下步骤：
步骤 301 : 设备初始化， 分别建立控制计算机 12与待测读写器 11、 驱动电机控制器 9、 频谱分析仪 10、 同步传感器 13之间的通信连接， 使 同步传感器 13、 待测读写器 11和驱动电机控制器 9进入工作准备状态， 频谱分析仪 10进入频谱分析仪频域模板触发模式准备状态；
步骤 302: 在控制计算机 12上设定标签运动速度 ， 控制计算机 12 向驱动电机控制器 9 发送指令， 使待测电子标签以设定速度 随转盘 5 运动， V = 2KR" / 6Q， R 为标签所在位置到转盘中心位置的距离， 本实施 例中 R=30cm， V = m /h。 "为驱动电机每分钟的转速， 电机转动精度 是转速的千分之一， 最高转速为 2000转 /分钟。 通过控制计算机 12设定 待测读写器 11的发射功率为所在地区规定读写器发射功率的最大值， 如 在中国发射功率最大为 2W ERP, 设定待测读写器的发射频点 Λ为， 如在 中国 RFID的使用频段为 840-845MHZ和 920-925MHz, 待测读写器 11 重复发送读取单个电子标签指令， 本实施例中读写器发射功率设为 2W， 读写器发射频点 Λ = 920.125MHz；
步骤 303 : 通过控制计算机 12向同步传感器 13发开始检测命令， 同 步传感器 13开始工作， 当检测到待测电子标签 4通过频谱分析仪接收天 线 3正下方时， 向控制计算机 12反馈目标检测信号， 控制计算机 12收 到目标检测信号等待转盘转动周期 T后向待测读写器重复发送读取单标 签指令。 本实施例中转盘转动周期 T受设定的转速影响， T=60/n ( s)。
步骤 304:在控制计算机 12端设定频谱分析仪 10的频域模板触发功 能对待测读写器 11的发射频点为 /。= 920.125MHz的信号进行触发，然后记 录待测读写器 1 1发射功率读写器 A = 2 和频谱分析仪 10捕获的信号。 触发后读取频谱分析仪接收天线 3 位置处的最大信号强度 ， A单位为 dBm， 并将待测读写器 11的发射功率 设定为：
( 4πΰ
PT = PR + 20 lg -— - GR - GT ,
^ J
其中 ^为频谱分析仪接收天线 3与待测读写器发射天线 1之间的距 离，本实施例中为 0.4米， i = c//t.为波长，当 Λ=840.125ΜΗζ时， A =0.3568 米， 当 Λ =920.125MHz时， 1 =0.3258米， 为频谱分析仪接收天线增益， G7.为待测读写器发射天线增益， 本实施例中 =2.3dBi， Gr=10dBi;
步骤 305 :在控制计算机 12端对采用频谱分析仪 10的频域模板触发 功能捕获的信号进行解调分析， 看是否能正确解调出待测电子标签 4 的 信号， 如果已经正确解调出待测电子标签 4的信号， 则进入步骤 306; 如 果不能正确解调出待测电子标签 4的信号， 则回到步骤 304;
步骤 306 : 由控制计算机 12 统计待测读写器 11 的发射频点为 = 920.125MHZ的信号功率值和解调出来的待测电子标签 4 信号的功率 值， 同时保存捕获的图像。 看己经解调的标签数是否大于 100， 已经大于 100则进入步骤 307， 否则回到步骤 304;
步骤 307: 在控制计算机 12端判断是否对待测电子标签 4的运动速 度 进行了调整，如果没有对待测电子标签 4的运动速度进行调整，进入 步骤 308 ; 否则回到步骤 302;
步骤 308 : 断开控制计算机 12与待测读写器 11、驱动电机控制器 9、 同步传感器 13、 频谱分析仪 10之间的通信连接， 关闭所有测试设备， 测 试结束；
上述实施例中， 分别建立控制计算机与待测读写器、 驱动电机控制 器、频谱分析仪之间的通信连接是通过以太网、 串口或者 GPIB总线使控 制计算机能够发送和接收来自待测读写器、 驱动电机控制器、 频谱分析 仪的控制指令和査询结果。 在控制计算机端设定频谱分析仪的频域模板 触发是在一个 lOms- lOOms的采样时间周期内，频域中出现满足设定的频 率及功率条件的信号时触发相应的设备操作指令。
综上所述， 本发明的测试射频识别系统性能的装置和方法， 利用塑 料转盘切线方向的速度来模拟实际应用中电子标签直线运动速度， 从而 在测试过程中还原真实的测试场景， 减小测试设备的体积， 提高测试的 灵活性。 以上所述的具体实施例， 对本发明的目的、 技术方案和有益效果进 行了进一步详细说明， 所应理解的是， 以上所述仅为本发明的具体实施 例而已， 并不用于限制本发明， 凡在本发明的精神和原则之内， 所做的 任何修改、 等同替换、 改进等， 均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims

权利要求
1、 一种测试射频识别 RFID系统性能的装置， 其特征在于， 包 括转盘、 驱动电机、 读写器发射天线， 其中：
所述驱动电机， 按照预设转速转动；
所述转盘， 贴装于所述驱动电机的转动平面上， 包括标签卡槽， 所述标签卡槽固设待测 RFID电子标签于垂直所述转动平面的位置； 所述读写器发射天线， 设置于所述转盘四周的固定位置， 与待测 读写器相连， 所述读写器发射天线的主瓣轴方向与所述待测 RFID电 子标签的内置天线的主瓣轴方向在同一平面上。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的测试射频识别系统性能的装置， 其特 征在于， 还包括频谱分析仪、 频谱分析仪接收天线， 其中：
所述频谱分析仪， 用于采用频域触发模式来捕获电磁信号， 在所 述捕捉到的电磁信号中解调出所述电磁信号的图形和 /或功率；
所述频谱分析仪接收天线， 与所述频谱分析仪相连， 位于所述读 写器发射天线的主瓣轴中心与待测 RFID电子标签的内置天线的主瓣 轴中心的连接线上。
3、 根据权利要求 2所述的测试射频识别系统性能的装置， 其特 征在于， 所述频谱分析仪接收天线为增益大于等于 2dBi的双偶极子 天线， 所述读写器发射天线为增益大于等于 lOdBi的标准增益天线。
4、 根据权利要求 2所述的测试射频识别系统性能的装置， 其特 征在于， 还包括驱动电机控制器、控制计算机， 所述控制计算机分别 与所述驱动电机控制器、 所述待测读写器、 所述频谱分析仪相连， 所述频谱分析仪， 用于在所述待测读写器发射的主信道进行触 发， 通过频谱分析仪接收天线监测所述待测读写器与所述待测 RFID 电子标签的通信过程， 捕捉对应所述通信过程的电磁信号， 在所述捕 捉到的电磁信号中解调出所述单标签读取指令对应的单标签读取结 果；
所述控制计算机， 用于向所述驱动电机控制器发送转速控制指 令， 控制所述驱动电机的转速； 还用于向待测读写器发送单标签壞取 指令，指示所述读写器发射天线按照设定时间间隔发射单标签读取信 号；还用于对所述频谱分析仪发送的所述单标签读取结果进行统计分 析。
5、 根据权利要求 1-4 中任一项所述的测试射频识别系统性能的 装置， 其特征在于， 还包括防护罩，
所述防护罩由贴附有吸波材料的金属板制成，套设于所述转盘外 部；
所述防护罩具有开口，所述开口用于提供读写器发射天线与所述 待测 RFID电子标签进行通信过程的窗口。
6、 根据权利要求 5所述的测试射频识别系统性能的装置， 其特 征在于，所述防护罩具有所述开口的面与所述读写器发射天线主瓣轴 方向成 45°角。
7、 根据权利要求 1-4 中任一项所述的测试射频识别系统性能的 装置， 其特征在于， 所述转盘和所述标签卡槽的材料为传导率低， 且 介电常数小于 1.5的塑料材料。
8、 根据权利要求 1-4 中任一项所述的测试射频识别系统性能的 装置， 其特征在于， 还包括同步传感器，
所述同步传感器， 用于感应所述待测 RFID电子标签是否进入所 述读写器发射天线的读写区域。
9、 根据权利要求 8所述的测试射频识别系统性能的装置， 其特 征在于， 所述同步传感器为光学传感器。
10、 一种测试射频识别系统性能的方法， 其特征在于， 包括： 驱动电机按照预设速度转动；
贴装于所述驱动电机转动平面上的转盘，带动固设于标签卡槽中 的垂直所述转动平面位置的待测 RFID电子标签转动；
当所述读写器发射天线的主瓣轴平面方向与所述待测 RFID电子 标签的内置天线的主瓣轴平面方向平行或重合时，固设于所述转盘四 周预设位置的读写器发射天线， 接收待测读写器的指令， 向所述待测 RFID电子标签重复发送单标签读取信号。
11、 根据权利要求 . 10所述的测试射频识别系统性能的方法， 其 特征在于， 所述读写器发射天线向所述待测 RFID电子标签发送读取 单标签信号之后还包括- 通过位于所述读写器发射天线的主瓣轴中心与待测 RFID电子标 签的内置天线的主瓣轴中心的连接线上的频谱分析仪接收天线，所述 频谱分析仪采用频域触发模式来捕获电磁信号，在所述捕捉到的电磁 信号中解调出所述单标签读取指令对应的单标签读取结果。
12、 根据权利要求 11所述的测试射频识别系统性能的方法， 其 特征在于：
所述驱动电机按照预设速度转动之前还包括：控制计算机向驱动 电机控制器发送转速控制指令， 控制所述驱动电机的转速；
所述转盘带动待测 RFID电子标签转动之后还包括： 同步传感器 感应所述待测 RFID电子标签是否进入所述读写器发射天线的读写区 域， 并将同步感应结果发送至控制计算机；
所述读写器发射天线接收待测读写器的指令向待测 RFID电子标 签重复发送单标签读取信号之前还包括：所述控制计算机在收到所述 待测 RFID电子标签进入所述读写器发射天线读写区域的同步感应结 果后， 即时和 /或等待与所述转速相关的转动周期后， 向待测读写器 发送单标签读取指令；
所述频谱分析仪在捕捉到的电磁信号中解调出单标签读取结果 之后还包括：控制计算机统计分析所述频谱分析仪发送的所述单标签 读取结果。
13、 根据权利要求 11所述的测试射频识别系统性能的方法， 其 特征在于：
所述频谱分析仪在捕捉到的电磁信号中解调出单标签读取结果 之前还包括：控制计算机根据所述频谱分析仪接收到的所述待测读写 器发射的主信道的信号强度， 对待测读写器的发射功率进行调整。
14、 根据权利要求 13所述的测试射频识别系统性能的方法， 其 特征在于， 调整后的待测读写器的发射功率：
Figure imgf000019_0001
其中， „为频谱分析仪接收天线位置处的最大信号强度； 为频 谱分析仪接收天线与待测读写器发射天线之间的距离， A为与所述待 测读写器发射的主信道相关的波长， GR为频谱分析仪接收天线增益， ^为待测读写器发射天线增益。
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