WO2011071411A1

WO2011071411A1 - Ac signal converter

Info

Publication number: WO2011071411A1
Application number: PCT/RU2010/000645
Authority: WO
Inventors: Игорь Владиславович ЗАХАРОВ
Original assignee: ПИЛКИН, Виталий Евгеньевич
Priority date: 2009-12-09
Filing date: 2010-10-29
Publication date: 2011-06-16

Abstract

The invention relates to electrical and radio engineering, in particular to AC signal converters, and can be used as an autonomous power supply source for constructing power plants with unstable parameters for processing electrical energy (wind, tidal, incineration power plants etc). The essence of the utility model consists in each amplification and conversion cascade operating in the same way as all amplification and conversion cascades and having a number of outputs which is rated on the basis of the shape of an output signal to be set, wherein the maximum power of the signal or pulses making up the signal for each of said outputs is equal to the power of the output impedance-matching element (transformer), and in the output impedance-matching element (transformer) having one primary winding with terminals rated on the basis of the shape of the output signal to be set, wherein each terminal of the primary winding is switched over (is connected and disconnected during operation) to each power supply source and is connected to a dedicated individual output of each amplification and conversion cascade, and therefore no switches are required between the power supply sources.

Description

Ac converter

The technical field to which the utility model relates. The utility model relates to electro-radio engineering, in particular, to AC signal converters, and can be used to supply AC voltage of any waveform for other purposes.

State of the art

A known variable-frequency converter, including parallel-connected amplification stages of the alternating signal and a constant voltage source (Ham, N ° 6, 1999, p.24). The disadvantages of this converter is that it has low reliability, since failure of a constant voltage source leads to the cessation of operation of the entire amplifier, and its output power is limited by the power characteristics of the active elements (transistors, lamps, etc.) on which it is built .

It is also known amplification using paired amplifiers in-line method (European patent EP 0474 930 V 1). The disadvantage of this device is that the resistors are connected in series with the output so that the load on each amplifier is the same and to compensate for the difference in the parameters of the amplifiers and power sources. These resistors have different sizes and are selected individually. This leads to a decrease in power and difficult setup of the device.

The closest in technical essence (prototypes) are:

a) an alternating signal amplifier, protected by the RF patent for utility model N ° 70731, where the same signal is amplified by several identical amplification stages with the same functions, and these stages are connected in parallel at the input and through the transformer at the output. In this variable signal amplifier, a large power (above 700 W) is created due to a square wave signal, since it is possible to amplify a sinusoidal waveform (or another waveform other than a square wave) by a large power, for example; - over 700 W, it is difficult due to power losses, by heat, resistance of elements, characteristics of elements and complexity of construction;

b) the patent application of the Russian Federation for the invention 2008138631 (published on June 27, 2009, Bull. N ° 18), where for several stages of amplification and conversion and power sources you can receive a signal of any given shape and when the power increases above the maximum by any stage of amplification and conversion, excess of this power is redistributed to other stages of amplification and conversion. The disadvantage of this invention is that it needs to use switches between power sources, since each power source is switched only with its own winding of the output matching element of the transformer, and also that it is impossible to use one primary winding with several terminals of the output matching element of the specified transformer. In addition, it is impossible to increase the operating time of the AC signal converter without increasing the power; the output signal is distorted (except for a square-wave signal) during operation of the amplification and conversion stages with common or common power sources; the waveform is highly dependent on the transformer windings; power polarity depends on the control unit or stages of amplification and conversion; elements making up power supplies are not fully utilized.

Utility Model Essence

The objective of the proposed technical solution is to create an AC signal converter (hereinafter referred to as PPP), which has advantages over prototypes.

The technical result as a result of the application of the proposed utility model is that:

1. the performance of the faculty is maintained without the use of switches between power supplies;

2. It is possible to unlimitedly increase the time of the teaching staff by increasing the number of stages of amplification and conversion of an alternating signal and constant voltage sources with the same output matching element (transformer);

3. PPP allows you to more flexibly modulate the output signal and to a lesser extent depend on the transformer windings when building the shape of the output signal and have less than the standard number of turns on the primary and secondary transformer windings;

4. the output signal of the desired form of PPP, composed of several signals rectangular in shape, it is not distorted in the event of failure from one to all but one of the power supplies and amplification and conversion stages;

5. in the teaching staff there is no need for a common connection between the control unit and the amplification and conversion stages, in coordinating the technical characteristics of the specified connection, and the control unit can be powered by a separate power source, while the specified control unit can be at a considerable distance from the amplification and conversion stages ;

6. PPPs more efficiently use the elements that make up power sources.

Utility Model Disclosure

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that:

one . In the event of a failure from one to all but one of the DC voltage sources and amplification and conversion stages, the proposed PPS retains all its technical parameters (except for the duration of operation) without using switches between the power sources, since each winding is switched with all power sources through an amplifying switching elements and is connected to each cascade of amplification and conversion. The duration of the work is reduced.

2. The output signal of the PPP of the desired shape when the load on it is below the maximum is not distorted in the event of failure from one to all but one of the power supplies and amplification and conversion stages of the PPP, since these cascades under the load below the maximum work the same and have the same structure (circuit), and each stage of amplification and conversion has N (N> 1) the number of outputs to which all pulses making up the output signal come in any proportion in the form of a given output signal, and each output of each helmet and connected to the corresponding function of (the same scheme) output of all other stages and with the output portion of the transformer windings, the pulses being on said outputs are identical and each output amplifying element is switching-power output element (a transformer).

3. The faculty has the ability to unlimitedly increase the duration of the faculty by increasing the number of stages of amplification and conversion of an alternating signal and constant voltage sources (batteries), without increasing the number of transformer windings and the number of transformers, since the power of each amplifying-switching element is equal to the power of the output element (transformer).

4. PPP allows you to modulate your output signal in a wider range and have less than the standard number of turns on the primary and secondary windings of the transformer, because the positive and negative half-periods of this signal are divided into N number of pulses that follow one after the other and come either one and the same, or to different conclusions of the sections of the primary winding of the transformer. The duration of the pulses and the interval between them can be any and are selected according to the shape of the specified PPS output signal, and the interval between pulses may be absent if they are applied to different terminals of the transformer winding sections, which allows less dependence on the transformer windings when constructing the output signal form, because for each section of the transformer winding, one to N number of pulses can come as part of this signal.

5. Due to the shorter pulse duration, the PPS output switching element, which commutes and amplifies this pulse, can withstand high power (up to a certain limit), which as a result allows the use of a transformer with fewer turns on the primary and secondary windings in the PPS.

6. The power and polarity of the power supply at the control unit and amplification and conversion stages can be different, and the general connection at the control unit and amplification and conversion stages can be different or absent, since the known optoelectronic devices are introduced into the control unit (hereinafter referred to as “OEP” ”), For example, optocouplers, fiber optic lines, etc. for signal transmission from the control unit to amplification and conversion stages that do not require a common connection for signal transmission.

7. Each stage of amplification and conversion is connected to its power source through several connections that connect the series-connected power elements that make up the power source, and amplification and conversion units included in the specified stage of amplification and conversion, while the number of these connections is determined by the shape of the output signal, and to each the connection corresponds to its individual amplification and conversion unit and its individual power supply.

8. An increase in the power and / or duration of the PPP operation occurs as a result of: a) an increase in the number of output elements (transformers), each of which is connected to the terminals of the primary windings of the remaining output elements (transformers) of the PPPs with its primary windings, and b) an increase in the number of cascades amplification and conversion of the primary windings of these transformers and power supplies of these cascades connected to the terminals.

9. An increase in the power and / or duration of the PPP operation occurs as a result of: a) an increase in the number of output elements (transformers), each of which is connected with the terminals of the primary and secondary windings to the terminals of the primary and secondary windings of the remaining output elements (transformers) of the PPP, and b ) increasing the number of amplification and conversion stages connected to the terminals of the primary windings of these transformers and power supplies of these stages.

The circuit of each amplifying-switching element can be any, however, the diode switching circuit parallel to the specified element is undesirable.

Since the power of each amplifying-switching element is equal to the power of the transformer, when working with one transformer (if the load is not higher than the maximum), the Zp-1 circuits do not affect the pulse passing through them. PPP allows you to use thyristors or seven-state transistors as output switching elements for any waveform, which increases power and reduces heat transfer. PPP can be used to power any device. If the PPP power supply is composed of several elements, then the PPP, working only on the specified source in accordance with the mode described in paragraph 6 of the utility model formula, can remain operational in case of failure from one to all but one of the power supply elements. The output signal is distorted.

10. The performance of the teaching staff in the event of failure from one to all but one of the sources of constant voltage and stages of amplification and conversion is maintained. When the load increases to the maximum preservation, the specified voltage at the output of the faculty is maintained. In addition, there is the possibility of unlimited increase output power and / or duration of the PPP by increasing the number of stages of amplification and conversion and DC voltage sources.

11. The excess power between the stages of the faculty is redistributed. The indicated result is provided by Zp-1 circuits. At the same time, the voltage at the output of the specified PPS cannot decrease due to circuits 1-2 and 1-3, which give a signal increased in duration and / or amplitude to the Zp-1 circuits. At a load higher than the maximum voltage at the output of the specified PPP decreases. The indicated result is provided by Zp-1 circuits.

Brief Description of the Drawings

Figure 1 presents a diagram of an AC signal converter according to a circuit solution j l.

Figure 2 presents a diagram of an AC signal converter according to a circuit solution.

On Fig.3 shows a diagram of an AC signal converter according to paragraph N ° 6 of the formula of the utility model.

In FIG. 4-14 show the PPP waveforms when converting an alternating signal.

Utility Model Implementation

PPS can have any form of signal and any type of voltage (single-phase, three-phase, etc.) at the output, while PPS can work in any of the circuit solutions, but the most optimal is the circuit solution of a two-arm multivibrator. Since the scheme of each arm is PL-1; PL-2 PPPs are the same, then in FIG. 1 shows one shoulder of the faculty.

Figure 1 shows the functional (structural) diagram of the faculty according to the circuit solution N ° l. The structure of the indicated circuit includes: control unit 1, connection 2, cascade of amplification and conversion 3-1, consisting of amplification and conversion units 3-1 A, 3-1B, 3-1N (where N> 1), current sensor 3- 4-1, diodes 3-3-1; amplification and conversion stage 3-2, consisting of amplification and conversion units 3-2A, 3-2B, 3-2N, current sensor 3-4-1, diodes 3-3-1; amplification and conversion stage 3-3N; transformer 4; power sources (batteries) 5-1, 5-2, 5N; capacitor 6; connections 7 and 8. The block Control 1 includes multivibrator circuits 1 -1, transducer 1 -2, 1 p-3, optoelectronic devices 1oep-5. The structure of blocks 3-1A and 3-1B includes circuits Зп-1-la, Зу-1 -1 а and output switching elements Зу-2- 1а and Зу-2-1 B. The structure of blocks 3-2А, 3- 2B includes the conversion schemes Зп-1 -2а, amplification Зу-1 -2а and output switching elements Зу-2-2А and Зу-2-2Б.

A square wave signal (see Fig. 4a) is created on circuits 1 - 1 and fed to circuits 1 -2. In schemes 1-2, the specified signal varies in duration and / or amplitude depending on the load at the output of the faculty (see figb) so that the voltage at the output of the faculty is the same at any load not higher than the maximum. The load at the output of the faculty is determined by circuit 1-3, which serves as a load sensor for circuit 1-2.

In schemes 1 p-3, the signal is converted in duration and divided into pulses so that the end of the signal (trailing edge) in the circuit Зп-1 А almost coincides or coincides with the beginning (leading edge) of the signal in the circuit Зп-1Б (see Fig. 4c, fig 4d, fig 4d) and so on. Moreover, the number of circuits 1π-3Ν can be from one to Ν according to a given waveform (see Fig. 7a, Fig. 7b, Fig. 7c), and the number of pulses in the converted signal in circuits 1 p-ZA, 1 p-ZB , 1π-3Ν can be from one to Ν in a given waveform.

Further, the pulses obtained in circuits 1 p-ZA, 1p-ZB, 1π-3Ν are supplied to circuits 1 oep-5, which are used to transmit them using the indicated circuits through connections 2 to circuits Зп-1 -1 А, Зп- 1 -2B and on the Zn-IN circuit, which are located on blocks 3-1 A, 3-1 B, 3-1N. Each 1oep-5 circuit corresponds to its own connection 2 and its own circuits and blocks, indicated on the diagram by a certain letter. Moreover, the number of 3-1N blocks is equal to the number of 3π-1Ν circuits, and the number of 3-1N blocks and Зп-IN circuits can be from one to Ν according to a given waveform. These blocks and circuits are located on the amplification and conversion stages 3-1, 3-2, 3Ν. Moreover, the number of amplification and conversion stages 3Ν can be from one to Ν in a given waveform. Schemes Зп-1 either leave the pulses unchanged (see Fig. 5a, Fig. 5b, Fig. 5c), or they can be reduced in duration and / or amplitude (see Fig. B, Fig. Bb, Fig. Bv) , compensating for the difference in amplification and conversion stages and / or power supplies. Zp circuits operate from 3-4 current sensors. Zp-1 circuits and current sensors 3-4 are triggered when the power at any of the amplification and conversion stages becomes higher than the maximum. Further, after passing through pulses Zu-1 amplification circuits and Zu-2 output switching elements; pulses obtained at the amplification and conversion stages (see Fig. 5g, Fig. BG, Fig. 7g) are supplied to the terminals of the primary winding 4A, 4B, 4N of the output transformer 4. Moreover, the number of windings N can be from one to N in a given waveform. At the output transformer, the pulses obtained at the amplification and conversion stages are amplified on each winding in amplitude (see Fig. 9a, Fig. 9b, Fig. 9c; Fig. 10a, Fig. 106, Fig. SE) and are summed, forming a signal a given shape on the winding B (see Fig. 1 1 a, Fig. 12a, Fig. 13a). The capacitor 6 smooths the angles and pauses between pulses of the received signal (see Fig. 16, Fig. 126, Fig. 136). The power of this circuit comes from 5A, 5B, 5N power sources. Each of the stages of amplification and conversion of the faculty is powered by its own power source through connections 7. The power supply of block 1 occurs through diodes 3-3 located on stages 3 and through connections 8, so if stages 3 fail, from one to all but one, and / or malfunctions of power supplies from one to all but one, the supply voltage on block 1 is maintained.

Figure 2 shows a circuit solution N ° 2 conversion of an alternating signal. The circuit solution N ° 2 differs from the circuit solution N ° l in that, in schemes 1 p-3, the signal is divided into a plurality of pulses following each other (see Fig. 14a, Fig. 14b). Zn-1 circuits either leave the signal unchanged (see Fig. 14a), or can reduce the pulses that make up the signal in duration and / or amplitude (see Fig. 146), compensating for the difference between the amplification and conversion stages and power sources. On the Zn-1 circuits, the pulse necessary in the form of the output signal is extracted from this set and through the outputs Zn-1 a, Zn-1 b, Zn-IN of the Zn-1 circuits is supplied to the corresponding amplification circuits Zy-1 and then to the output switching elements Zy -2. In block 1, the number of schemes 1 p-3 and 1 oep-5 is equal to one. Moreover, the Zn-1 circuits are located on the amplification and conversion stages and their number is equal to the number of amplification and conversion stages.

On Fig. 3 shows a schematic solution for converting an alternating signal according to paragraph 6 of the formula of the utility model. This circuit solution differs from circuit solutions N ° l or Ν ° 2 in that each output switching element as part of its amplification and conversion unit 3-1 is connected through its individual connection 7 to its element, which is part of the power source (battery). Every the connection is indicated by the corresponding letter.

This circuit design differs from circuit designs N ° l or N ° 2 also in that:

• the outputs of the output switching elements ZU-2 are interconnected,

• the primary winding of the transformer on one shoulder has only two outputs,

· The pulses that make up the output signal are summed up on the primary winding (see Fig. 1 1 a, Fig. 12a, Fig. 13a) of the transformer,

• Zu-3 current sensors are in the general connection of power sources,

• the number of elements making up each power source is equal to the number of amplification and conversion units that are part of the amplification and conversion stages to which this power source is connected.

Claims

Utility Model Formula

1. An AC signal converter (PPS) having a direct (direct) connection of the load to the output and including the N number (N> 1) of connected amplification and conversion stages of the AC signal from a square wave signal to a signal of any given shape, as well as two or more sources DC voltage, each of which is a source of power for its own individual cascade of amplification and conversion of an alternating signal and an alternating signal converter, which has an output matching element (transformer or) on the primary windings connected to the amplification and conversion stages, it has a number of turns calculated according to the shape of the output signal being set, while on the amplification and conversion stages the alternating signal in the form of the specified output signal changes in duration, then on the output matching element (transformer) variable signals obtained at the amplification and conversion stages are summed into a signal of any given or close to a given shape, characterized in that each amplification and conversion stage It works in the same way with all stages of amplification and conversion and has the number of outputs calculated by the shape of the output signal being set, and the maximum power of the signal or pulses making up the signal at each of them is equal to the power of the output matching element (transformer) and the output matching element ( transformer) has one primary winding with terminals calculated according to the form of the output signal being set, and each terminal of the primary winding is switched (connected and disconnected in time) with each power source and is connected with its own individual output of each cascade of amplification and conversion, so do not switch between power sources.

2. The AC signal converter according to claim 1, characterized in that N number of amplification and conversion stages and power sources are introduced into the AC signal converter for the same output matching element (transformer) according to the calculated duration of the AC signal converter.

3. The variable signal converter according to claim 1, characterized in that each half-wave of a rectangular waveform is divided into a calculated waveform output signal N is the number of rectangular pulses, one after the other, which are supplied in an amount calculated according to the shape of the output signal from the outputs of each amplification and conversion stages to each output of the output matching element (transformer), and each pulse or combination of pulses has its own individual the output of the output matching element (transformer) and its individual output of each stage of amplification and conversion, and the number of pulses on each pin The output of the output matching element (transformer) is calculated according to the shape of the output specified signal, which allows you to modulate the output signal in a wider range and apply the output matching element (transformer) with less than the standard number of turns on the primary and secondary windings of the transformer.

4. The variable signal converter according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that the output signal in the form of a given output signal, composed of several square-wave signals, is not distorted in the event of failure from one to all but one of the power sources and amplification stages and transformation.

5. The variable signal converter according to claim 1 or 2 or 3, characterized in that optoelectronic devices are introduced for transmitting the signal from the control unit to amplification and conversion stages, which do not require a common connection for transmitting the signal, so the control unit supply voltage is supplied from a separate the power source and the control unit may be at a considerable distance from the amplification and conversion stages.

6. The AC signal converter according to claim 1 or 2 or 3, characterized in that the input signal converter is connected in the form of an output signal between the series-connected elements of each source and the amplification and conversion cascade connected to it, and each connection has its own amplification unit and transformation.