CN102522900A - Fixed-gain self-excited non-contact resonant converter and control method thereof - Google Patents
Fixed-gain self-excited non-contact resonant converter and control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102522900A CN102522900A CN2011103680268A CN201110368026A CN102522900A CN 102522900 A CN102522900 A CN 102522900A CN 2011103680268 A CN2011103680268 A CN 2011103680268A CN 201110368026 A CN201110368026 A CN 201110368026A CN 102522900 A CN102522900 A CN 102522900A
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- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fixed-gain self-excited non-contact resonant converter and a control method thereof, belonging to the field of electric energy conversion. The fixed-gain self-excited non-contact resonant converter comprises a self-excited non-contact resonant converter main circuit, a secondary side current detection circuit and a driving signal generation circuit. Detected current is set according to the compensation method of a resonant converter: for series/series and parallel/series compensation circuits, the secondary side current of a non-contact transformer is detected, and for series/parallel compensation circuits, the input current of a secondary side rectifier bridge is detected. The detected current is detected by the secondary side current detection circuit, a detection signal is isolated and fed back to a primary side through the driving signal generation circuit, and phase compensation is conducted to accurately detect the phase information of the secondary side detected current. According to a found characteristic that the phase of the secondary side detected current at the fixed gain position of the non-contact resonant converter is the same as the phase of square wave signals at the middle point of an inverter bridge arm in the main circuit (1), the detected secondary side current signals are converted into the driving signals of the main circuit to realize self-excitation control. On one hand, a real-time response can be made to the parameter change of the non-contact transformer; and on the other hand, the output of the non-contact resonant converter can be ensured to be stable when a load is changed.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of being applicable to and decide gain auto-excitation type noncontact controlled resonant converter and control method thereof in the non-contact electric energy transmission system, belong to the transformation of electrical energy field.
Background technology
Non-contact power is based on the new electric energy transmission mode that the magnetic field coupling realizes " wireless power "; The non-contact transformer that utilizes former secondary to separate fully; Through the coupled transfer electric energy of high frequency magnetic field, make that supply side does not have physics with the electricity consumption side in the energy transfer process to be connected.Compare with traditional contact power supply, non-contact power is easy to use, safe, no-spark and Danger Electric shock risk, and no laying dust and contact loss do not have machinery wearing and tearing and corresponding maintenance issues, can adapt to multiple bad weather and environment, are convenient to realize automatic power.The non-contact power technology is because of its distinctive adverse circumstances adaptability, high security, the few maintenance and convenience; Implant the power supply occasion of mobile devices such as equipment, electric automobile at mobile phone, robot, human body, in the oil field, environment such as mine, power supply under water badly perhaps inflammable and explosive occasion all obtained application.
But in the non-contact electric energy transmission supply side with receive the generally all relative motions of electric side, cause the core component in the converter---the variation of structural parameters such as the air gap of non-contact transformer with and the conversion of electrical quantitys such as coupling coefficient, leakage inductance, magnetizing inductance.Compare with other power inverter; The noncontact converter is load variations not only; Main circuit parameter is unfixing yet; Therefore the control of noncontact controlled resonant converter also should guarantee the reliable control under varying load and the non-contact transformer variable element condition except the requirement that will satisfy general transducer (like efficient, high power density etc.).
At present the existing control method of noncontact converter is his prosecutor formula, mainly contain frequency conversion, constant frequency pulse-width modulation (Pulse Width Modulation, PWM) and phase-locked loop control (Phase Lock Loop, PLL) three kinds.G. B. Joung; B. H. Cho. An energy transmission system for an artificial heart using leakage inductance compensation of transcutaneous transformer [J]. IEEE Trans. Power Electronics; 1998,13 (6): 1013 – 1022 just use the noncontact converter that VFC is accomplished a 60W.Because the non-contact transformer leakage inductance is big, magnetizing inductance is little, in order to improve conversion efficiency and output voltage gain, the noncontact controlled resonant converter need all add compensating network at former secondary.The frequency bifurcation that higher order resonances network resonance frequency multi-solution is determined and the non-dullness of output characteristic make the easy unstability of converter under the VFC mode; PWM control can be avoided problem out of control, but loses soft switch condition easily for controlled resonant converter, influences conversion efficiency; Qianhong Chen, Siu Chung Wong, Chi K. Tse; Xinbo Ruan, " Analysis, Design and Control of a Transcutaneous Power Regulator for Artificial Hearts "; IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems, 2009,3 (1): the pulse-width modulation that 23-31 adopted (PWM) locks and controls the control strategy of (PLL) mutually; Under varying load and change coupling coefficient condition, can realize efficient, reliable control, but PWM ring and PLL loop are coupled, system's control structure is complicated; The optimal design difficulty; And phase-locked loop also exists the tracking governing speed slower, goes into problems such as lock difficulty, easy losing lock, can't the often variation of the non-contact transformer parameter of appearance of real-time response non-contact electric energy conversion application scenario.
His prosecutor formula relatively; Self-excitation control control realizes simple; Also can directly utilize the circuit feature of converter itself to convert the drive signal of switching tube into, can be fast change in response to the parameter of converter, output gain changes greatly, the output voltage problem of unstable but but exist.
How to realize that the noncontact converter can respond fast, reliably control also can guarantee output voltage stabilization, becomes the difficult point of design of noncontact converter field and research under varying load and the change coupling coefficient condition.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is in order to guarantee reliable control and the output voltage of noncontact converter under varying load and change coupling coefficient condition basicly stable.Overcoming above-mentioned his prosecutor formula of existing noncontact converter is unfavorable for the parameter of converter is changed the deficiency of making quick response;, the fast advantage of response transform device parameter variation simple in conjunction with self-excitation control; Propose a kind of being applicable to and decide gain auto-excitation type noncontact controlled resonant converter and control strategy thereof in the non-contact electric energy transmission system; Make the converter self-excitation work in the irrelevant gain cross-over place of output voltage gain and load, output real-time response stable and that transformer parameter is changed when guaranteeing varying load.
The present invention provides a kind of being applicable to decide gain auto-excitation type noncontact controlled resonant converter and control method thereof in the non-contact electric energy transmission system.
The objective of the invention is through following scheme implementation:
A kind of auto-excitation type noncontact controlled resonant converter that gains surely, it comprises auto-excitation type noncontact controlled resonant converter main circuit (1), secondary current testing circuit (2) and drive signal generation circuit (3); Said noncontact controlled resonant converter main circuit (1) is by input DC source, self-exciting starting circuit, inverter bridge, former limit resonant network, non-contact transformer, secondary resonant network, rectification and filter circuit is in sequential series forms; Said secondary current testing circuit (2) adopts multiple current detecting mode; It is characterized in that of the compensation way setting of said tested electric current:, detect the input current of secondary rectifier bridge for serial/parallel compensating circuit for the secondary current of string/string, parallel/serial compensating circuit detection non-contact transformer according to controlled resonant converter; Said drive circuit (3) is made up of noncontact feedback circuit (4), phase compensating circuit (5), zero-crossing comparator (6) and isolating amplifier circuit (7).
Wherein, the inverter bridge in the noncontact controlled resonant converter (1) adopts half-bridge converter or full-bridge converter circuit topology.
Wherein, the self-exciting starting circuit in the noncontact controlled resonant converter (1) adopts the base resistance start-up circuit be suitable for triode device or resistance, appearance, diode start-up circuit.
Said secondary current testing circuit (2) adopts current transformer, shunt or the multiple current detecting mode of Hall element.
Wherein, the noncontact feedback circuit (4) in the drive signal generation circuit (3) transmits multiple mode by magnetic isolated feedback, light-coupled isolation feedback, infrared isolated feedback, blue teeth wireless signal and realizes; Phase compensating circuit (5) in the said drive signal generation circuit (3) and zero-crossing comparator (6) are realized by hardware or software mode.
Said drive signal generation circuit (3) is realized by hardware or software mode; The hardware implementation method is specially: adopt operational amplifier to realize phase compensation; Through adjusting its phase difference that peripheral parametric compensation drive signal postpones and the main circuit dead resistance causes, guarantee the square-wave signal homophase of tested current signal and inverter bridge brachium pontis mid point; Realized zero balancing with hardware comparator; Above-mentioned phase compensating circuit (5) and zero-crossing comparator (6), its position can exchange.
Wherein the amplifying circuit in the isolating amplifier circuit (7) adopts the totem amplifying circuit or has the chip for driving that pump rises circuit function.
A kind of control method of the auto-excitation type noncontact controlled resonant converter that gains surely is characterized in that:
May further comprise the steps:
Self-exciting starting circuit working in the auto-excitation type noncontact controlled resonant converter main circuit (1), the driving switch pipe, circuit start, secondary produces electric current;
Secondary current testing circuit (2) detects tested electric current;
Noncontact feedback circuit (4) feeds back to former limit with the current detection signal that secondary current testing circuit (2) obtains from secondary;
By the phase difference that causes in the transmission of phase compensating circuit (5) compensating signal, the phase information of the tested electric current of secondary is accurately detected on former limit;
Tested current signal after the compensation transfers drive signal to behind zero-crossing comparator (6), drive through isolating amplifier circuit (7) and isolate and power amplification, drives the switching tube of auto-excitation type noncontact controlled resonant converter main circuit (1).
Said tested electric current is set according to the compensation way of controlled resonant converter: for the secondary current of string/string, parallel/serial compensating circuit detection non-contact transformer, detect the input current of secondary rectifier bridge for serial/parallel compensating circuit.
The present invention's major technique characteristics compared with prior art are; The secondary current through detecting non-contact transformer or the input current of secondary rectifier bridge are controlled the break-make of former limit switching tube, make the converter self-excitation work in the gain cross-over place that output voltage gain and load have nothing to do; The conversion that utilizes the self-excitation control strategy to come the real-time response transformer parameter is stablized through being locked in to export when the gain cross-over place comes proof load to change.Be applicable to most of wireless power supply systems.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing 3 is serial/parallel compensation self-excitation control principle figure of the auto-excitation type noncontact controlled resonant converter that gains surely of the present invention, and wherein accompanying drawing 3-1, accompanying drawing 3-2 and accompanying drawing 3-3 are respectively serial/parallel compensation first-harmonic equivalent model, first-harmonic equivalent electric circuit and self-excitation control equivalent electric circuit.
Accompanying drawing 4 is parallel/serial compensation self-excitation control principle figure of the auto-excitation type noncontact controlled resonant converter that gains surely of the present invention, and wherein accompanying drawing 4-1, accompanying drawing 4-2 and accompanying drawing 4-3 are respectively parallel/serial compensation first-harmonic equivalent model, first-harmonic equivalent electric circuit and self-excitation control equivalent electric circuit.
Accompanying drawing 5~13rd, two kinds of embodiment electrical block diagrams, experimental waveform and the load regulation curve of the auto-excitation type noncontact controlled resonant converter that gains surely of the present invention.
Main designation in the above-mentioned accompanying drawing: 1-auto-excitation type noncontact controlled resonant converter main circuit; 2-secondary current testing circuit; 3-drive signal generation circuit; 4-noncontact feedback circuit; 5-phase compensating circuit; 6-zero-crossing comparator; 7-isolating amplifier circuit;
v S -inverter bridge output square wave;
i-secondary detects electric current;
v AB The fundametal compoment of-inverter bridge output square wave;
v OS The fundametal compoment of-secondary rectification brachium pontis mid-point voltage;
R E The equivalent resistance of-secondary rectifier bridge, filtering link and load;
C p -former limit resonant capacitance;
C S -secondary resonant capacitance;
n-transformer secondary is to the turn ratio on former limit;
L L1
The former limit leakage inductance of-non-contact transformer;
L L2
The secondary leakage inductance of-non-contact transformer;
L M The magnetizing inductance of-non-contact transformer;
V In -input direct voltage;
R St -self-exciting starting resistance;
C St -self-exciting starting electric capacity;
D 1-diode;
DIAC-two-way triggering diode;
Q 1~
Q 4,
S 1~
S 2-switching tube;
G 1~
G 4The drive signal of-switching tube;
N p The former limit of-transformer number of turn;
N s -transformer secondary the number of turn;
i 2-non-contact transformer secondary current;
D R1
~
D R4
-output rectifier diode;
C f -output filter capacitor;
i R -secondary rectifier bridge input current;
L f -output inductor;
R L -load;
V o -output voltage;
C 1~
C 2-half-bridge converter dividing potential drop electric capacity.
Embodiment
Embodiment one:
At first, the theoretical foundation of control strategy among combined circuit explanation the present invention: the characteristic of the square-wave signal homophase of inverter bridge brachium pontis mid point in tested electric current of noncontact controlled resonant converter fixed gain place secondary and the main circuit
When the continuous conducting of rectifier bridge, no matter adopt any compensation way, the voltage and current of its brachium pontis mid point is homophase all the time, and then secondary rectifier bridge, filtering link and load can equivalence be a linear resistance
R E , again with the leakage inductance model substitution of non-contact transformer, can obtain the first-harmonic equivalent model of three kinds of compensation topologys, wherein,
L l1
,
L l2
,
L M Be respectively former limit leakage inductance, secondary leakage inductance and the magnetizing inductance of noncontact transformer equivalent model.
Accompanying drawing 2-1 compensates the first-harmonic equivalent model for string/string, when the former and deputy limit of non-contact transformer leakage inductance by full remuneration, then can be reduced to accompanying drawing 2-2, the output voltage gain of converter equals the turn ratio at this moment
n, irrelevant with load size, if can make the converter self-excitation work in this state, output voltage substantially constant in the time of just can the proof load variation.Each component in self-excitation shown in the accompanying drawing 2-2 control equivalent electric circuit is analyzed, and can find: when the circuit full remuneration, and inverter bridge fundamental voltage output of voltage then
v AB With secondary rectification brachium pontis mid-point voltage first-harmonic
v OS , the transformer secondary current
i 2Equal homophase.For the self-excitation VFC, because the square-wave voltage of inverter bridge output
v S With its fundamental voltage
v AB Homophase, so
v S With
i 2Homophase.This explanation is when circuit satisfies the impedance matching condition, through detecting secondary current
i 2Control the switch of inverter bridge, guarantee
v S With
i 2Homophase just can make converter be operated in the corresponding Frequency point of full remuneration, and then output voltage gain and load are irrelevant.Guarantee
v S With
i 2The self-excitation control method of homophase is: right
i 2Carry out zero passage detection, when
i 2>0 o'clock, control former limit switching tube and make
v S >0; When
i 2<0 o'clock, control former limit switching tube and make
v S <0.
The concrete course of work of circuit is following:
Self-exciting starting circuit working in the auto-excitation type noncontact controlled resonant converter main circuit 1, the driving switch pipe, circuit start, secondary produces electric current;
Secondary current testing circuit 2 detects tested electric current;
The current detection signal that noncontact feedback circuit 4 obtains secondary current testing circuit 2 feeds back to former limit from secondary;
By the phase difference that causes in the transmission of phase compensating circuit 5 compensating signals, the phase information of the tested electric current of secondary is accurately detected on former limit;
Tested current signal after the compensation transfers drive signal to behind zero-crossing comparator (6), drive through isolating amplifier circuit 7 and isolate and power amplification, drives the switching tube of auto-excitation type noncontact controlled resonant converter main circuit 1.
Accompanying drawing 3-1 is serial/parallel compensation first-harmonic equivalent model.Wherein, the non-contact transformer equivalent model can be regarded one four variable port network as, and according to the reciprocity of linear network, it can equivalence be the ternary port network shown in the accompanying drawing 3-2.And satisfy:
In accompanying drawing 3-2, if can satisfy
Z T =0, promptly equivalent leakage inductance
L l ' quilt
C P Full remuneration, then the output voltage gain of converter becomes
n', its numerical value only with non-contact transformer self relating to parameters, irrelevant with load size.Can know by accompanying drawing 3-3, if circuit full remuneration, then inverter bridge output square-wave voltage
v S And fundamental voltage
v AB With the rectifier bridge input current
i R Homophase.This explanation is through detecting the rectifier bridge input current
i R Control the switch of inverter bridge, guarantee
v S With
i R Homophase just can make converter be operated in the corresponding Frequency point of full remuneration, and then output voltage gain and load are irrelevant.Concrete self-excitation control method is: when
i R >0 o'clock, control former limit switching tube and make
v S >0; When
i R <0 o'clock, control former limit switching tube and make
v S <0.
Accompanying drawing 4-1 is parallel/serial compensation first-harmonic equivalent model, and it can equivalence be accompanying drawing 4-2.And satisfy:
In accompanying drawing 4-2, if can satisfy
Z T =0, then the output voltage gain of converter becomes
n', its numerical value only with non-contact transformer self relating to parameters, irrelevant with load size.Can know inverter bridge output square-wave voltage by accompanying drawing 4-3
v S And fundamental voltage
v AB Secondary current with non-contact transformer
i 2Homophase.Can be through detecting the non-contact transformer secondary current
i 2Control the switch of inverter bridge, guarantee
v S With
i 2Homophase just can make converter be operated in above-mentioned gain cross-over place.Concrete self-excitation control method is: when
i 2>0 o'clock, control former limit switching tube and make
v S >0; When
i 2<0 o'clock, control former limit switching tube and make
v S <0.
Embodiment two:
Accompanying drawing 5 is an embodiment of the auto-excitation type noncontact controlled resonant converter that gains surely, and wherein the inverter bridge of noncontact controlled resonant converter adopts the full-bridge converter topology, and former/secondary resonant network adopts the compensation of string/string.It is characterized in that, when adopting the compensation of string/string, through detecting the non-contact transformer secondary current
i 2Form the drive signal of full-bridge switch pipe, guarantee
i 2With inverter bridge output square-wave signal
v S Homophase makes converter work in output voltage gain and the irrelevant gain cross-over place of load fully; And utilize the self-excitation control mode to come the conversion of real-time response transformer parameter.Accompanying drawing 6 is respectively with accompanying drawing 7
k Max =0.528,
k Min Experimental waveform under=0.253 o'clock different loads condition; Accompanying drawing 8 is two kinds of load regulations under the coupling coefficient.It is thus clear that converter self-excitation all the time is operated near the gain cross-over, and output voltage kept stable during varying load.The less variation of output voltage is caused by the circuit impedance pressure drop.
Embodiment three:
Accompanying drawing 9 is another embodiment of the auto-excitation type noncontact controlled resonant converter that gains surely, and its Central Plains/secondary resonant network adopts serial/parallel compensation.It is characterized in that, when adopting serial/parallel compensation, through detecting the rectifier bridge input current
i R Form the drive signal of full-bridge switch pipe, guarantee
i R With inverter bridge output square-wave signal
v S Homophase makes converter work in output voltage gain and the irrelevant gain cross-over place of load fully; And utilize the self-excitation control mode to come the conversion of real-time response transformer parameter.Accompanying drawing 10 is respectively with accompanying drawing 11
k Max =0.528,
k Min Experimental waveform under=0.253 o'clock different loads condition; Accompanying drawing 12 is two kinds of load regulations under the coupling coefficient.It is thus clear that converter self-excitation all the time is operated near the gain cross-over, and output voltage kept stable during varying load.
Accompanying drawing 13 is the 3rd embodiment of the auto-excitation type noncontact controlled resonant converter that gains surely, and different with accompanying drawing 5 said embodiment is that the inverter bridge of noncontact controlled resonant converter adopts the half-bridge converter topology.
Claims (9)
1. auto-excitation type noncontact controlled resonant converter that gains surely, it comprises auto-excitation type noncontact controlled resonant converter main circuit (1), secondary current testing circuit (2) and drive signal generation circuit (3); Said noncontact controlled resonant converter main circuit (1) is by input DC source, self-exciting starting circuit, inverter bridge, former limit resonant network, non-contact transformer, secondary resonant network, rectification and filter circuit is in sequential series forms; Said secondary current testing circuit (2) adopts multiple current detecting mode; It is characterized in that of the compensation way setting of said tested electric current:, detect the input current of secondary rectifier bridge for serial/parallel compensating circuit for the secondary current of string/string, parallel/serial compensating circuit detection non-contact transformer according to controlled resonant converter; Said drive circuit (3) is made up of noncontact feedback circuit (4), phase compensating circuit (5), zero-crossing comparator (6) and isolating amplifier circuit (7).
2. the auto-excitation type noncontact controlled resonant converter that gains surely as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the inverter bridge in the said noncontact controlled resonant converter (1) adopts half-bridge converter or full-bridge converter circuit topology.
3. the auto-excitation type noncontact controlled resonant converter that gains surely as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: self-exciting starting circuit in the said noncontact controlled resonant converter (1) adopts the base resistance start-up circuit that is suitable for triode device or resistance, appearance, diode start-up circuit.
4. like claim 1, the 2 or 3 described auto-excitation type noncontact controlled resonant converters that gain surely, it is characterized in that: said secondary current testing circuit (2) adopts current transformer, shunt or the multiple current detecting mode of Hall element.
5. the auto-excitation type noncontact controlled resonant converter that gains surely as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that: the noncontact feedback circuit (4) in the said drive signal generation circuit (3) transmits multiple mode by magnetic isolated feedback, light-coupled isolation feedback, infrared isolated feedback, blue teeth wireless signal to be realized; Phase compensating circuit (5) in the said drive signal generation circuit (3) and zero-crossing comparator (6) are realized by hardware or software mode.
6. the auto-excitation type noncontact controlled resonant converter that gains surely as claimed in claim 5; It is characterized in that: said drive signal generation circuit (3) is realized by hardware or software mode; The hardware implementation method is specially: adopt operational amplifier to realize phase compensation; Through adjusting its phase difference that peripheral parametric compensation drive signal postpones and the main circuit dead resistance causes, guarantee the square-wave signal homophase of tested current signal and inverter bridge brachium pontis mid point; Realized zero balancing with hardware comparator; Above-mentioned phase compensating circuit (5) and zero-crossing comparator (6), its position can exchange.
7. the auto-excitation type noncontact controlled resonant converter that gains surely as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the amplifying circuit in the said isolating amplifier circuit (7) adopts the totem amplifying circuit or has the chip for driving that pump rises circuit function.
8. control method of auto-excitation type noncontact controlled resonant converter that gains surely is characterized in that:
May further comprise the steps:
Self-exciting starting circuit working in the auto-excitation type noncontact controlled resonant converter main circuit (1), the driving switch pipe, circuit start, secondary produces electric current;
Secondary current testing circuit (2) detects tested electric current;
Noncontact feedback circuit (4) feeds back to former limit with the current detection signal that secondary current testing circuit (2) obtains from secondary;
By the phase difference that causes in the transmission of phase compensating circuit (5) compensating signal, the phase information of the tested electric current of secondary is accurately detected on former limit;
Tested current signal after the compensation transfers drive signal to behind zero-crossing comparator (6), drive through isolating amplifier circuit (7) and isolate and power amplification, drives the switching tube of auto-excitation type noncontact controlled resonant converter main circuit (1).
9. the control method of auto-excitation type noncontact controlled resonant converter according to Claim 8 surely gains; It is characterized in that: said tested electric current is set according to the compensation way of controlled resonant converter: for the secondary current of string/string, parallel/serial compensating circuit detection non-contact transformer, detect the input current of secondary rectifier bridge for serial/parallel compensating circuit.
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