Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
  • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
  • B24D9/00—Wheels or drums supporting in exchangeable arrangement a layer of flexible abrasive material, e.g. sandpaper
  • B24D9/08—Circular back-plates for carrying flexible material
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
  • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
  • B24B13/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding or polishing optical surfaces on lenses or surfaces of similar shape on other work; Accessories therefor
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
  • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
  • B24B13/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding or polishing optical surfaces on lenses or surfaces of similar shape on other work; Accessories therefor
  • B24B13/02—Machines or devices designed for grinding or polishing optical surfaces on lenses or surfaces of similar shape on other work; Accessories therefor by means of tools with abrading surfaces corresponding in shape with the lenses to be made
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10S451/00—Abrading
  • Y10S451/921—Pad for lens shaping tool

Definitions

• the invention relates to optical quality surfacing for surfaces such as a face of an ophthalmic lens or a camera lens or an instrument for observing distant objects or a face a semiconductor substrate.
• Surfacing means any operation to modify the state of a previously shaped surface. These include polishing, grinding or etching operations to modify (decrease or increase) the roughness of the surface and / or to reduce the undulation.
• a tool for surfacing an optical surface comprising: a rigid support having a transverse end surface; an elastically compressible interface secured to the rigid support, comprising a so-called central portion which is in line with said end surface of the rigid support and a so-called peripheral portion which is transversely beyond said end surface of the rigid support; a flexible pad adapted to be applied against a surface to be worked, subjected to the interface opposite the rigid support, comprising a so-called central portion which is located at the right of said end surface of the rigid support and a so-called peripheral portion which is transversely beyond said end surface of the rigid support; as well as elastic return means arranged between said rigid support and the peripheral portion of said interface, the
• the tool In order to reduce the roughness of the optical surface, the tool is brought into contact with the latter while maintaining sufficient tool pressure on it so that, by deformation of the interface, the pad conforms to the shape of the optical surface. .
• the optical surface is rotated, its friction against the tool being sufficient to jointly drive it in rotation.
• the surfacing operation requires an abrasive that can be contained in the buffer or in the fluid.
• the elastically compressible interface compensates for the difference in curvature between the end surface of the tool support and the optical surface.
• FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of the tool and an ophthalmic lens having an optical surface to be surface;
• FIG. 2 is a sectional view of this tool shown assembled, during the surfacing of the optical surface of the lens of Figure 1;
• FIG. 1 shows a tool 1 for surfacing an optical surface 2, in this case one of the faces of an ophthalmic lens 3.
• Optical 2 concerned is represented concave, but it could just as well be convex.
• the tool 1 is formed of a stack of at least three parts, namely a rigid portion 4, an elastically compressible portion 5, and a flexible portion 6, which, in what follows, will be called respectively support, interface and buffer.
• the support 4 comprises two jaws, namely a lower jaw 7 and an upper jaw 8 adapted to be superimposed being nested one into the other via a pin 9 projecting from one of the faces of the upper jaw 8, adapted to be housed in a complementary hole 1 1 formed facing, in one face 12 of the lower jaw 7.
• the support 4 is generally cylindrical with symmetry of revolution and has an axis of symmetry denoted X, which defines a so-called longitudinal direction.
• N is the normal to the optical surface 2 at the point of intersection of the axis of symmetry X of the tool 1 with the latter.
• the lower jaw 7 Opposite its face 12 in which the hole 1 1 is made, the lower jaw 7 has an end surface 13 extended substantially transversely, against which is applied, covering the interface 5.
• the buffer 6 is applied against the interface 5 on the other side of the latter with respect to the support 4.
• the buffer 6 covers at least part of the interface
• the friction of the pad 6 against the optical surface 2 will, by means of an abrasive contained in the watering fluid or incorporated in the pad 6 itself, to ensure a superficial removal of material on the optical surface 2 in order to to modify the surface state, as we will see later.
• the pad has, on the one hand, a central portion 6a which is at the right of the end surface 13, and a peripheral portion 14 which is, transversely, beyond the end surface 13.
• This peripheral portion 14 is connected to the support 4 by means 15 of elastic return.
• the peripheral portion 14 extends in the extension of the central portion 6a while being, at rest, substantially coplanar with it.
• the buffer 6 is in one piece, the peripheral portion 14 being connected to the central portion 6a, so that they actually form a single piece.
• the tampon 6 is in the form of a flower, and thus comprises a plurality of petals 14b which, projecting transversely from the central portion 6a, form the peripheral portion 14 buffer 6 and each extend transversely beyond the end surface 13.
• the peripheral portion 14 is in the form of a ring 14a which surrounds the central portion 6a.
• the buffer 6 in the absence of stress, is, when it is monobloc, in the form of a disc of material whose thickness is small in front of its diameter, as represented in FIG. the peripheral portion 14, 14a thus forming a flange with respect to the end surface 13.
• the return means 15, which will be described later, can be interposed directly between the support 4 and the peripheral portion 14 of the buffer 6, that is to say, in practice, the flange 14a or the petals 14b.
• the interface 5 comprises not only a central portion 5a which is at the right of the end surface 13, but also a peripheral portion 16 which is transversely beyond the end surface 13.
• This peripheral portion 16 is in the extension of the central portion 5a, and is, for example, in the absence of stress, under the shape of a crown which surrounds the central portion 5a, and which is in fact interposed between the peripheral portion 14 of the buffer 6 and the return means 15.
• the interface 5 is in one piece, its central portions 5a and 16 are in fact connected to form together a single piece, the peripheral portion 16 forming a flange relative to the end surface 13.
• the monoblock interface 5 is for example in the form of a disc of material whose thickness is small in front of its transverse dimension (that is to say, its diameter).
• the interface 5 and the buffer 6 are both monobloc, they have comparable transverse dimensions.
• they when they are each in the form of a disc of material, they will preferably be chosen, for constructive convenience, of the same diameter.
• a pad of a diameter different from that of the interface in particular of greater diameter in order to mitigate the edge effects of the tool on the worked surface.
• this ring 17 is fixed on the peripheral portion 16 on the other side thereof relative to the pad 6, that is to say on the same side as the support 4, and so that it it is surrounded by ring 17.
• this ring 17 is of circular longitudinal section, but it could also be of more complex section, in particular oblong, polygonal, rectangular or square. Moreover, it is arranged on the peripheral part 16 concentrically with the support 4.
• the return means 15 are now described.
• These comprise at least one elastically flexible strip 18 which projects transversely from the support 4 and which is connected, on the one hand, rigidly to the support 4 by a first end 18a and, on the other hand, to the peripheral portion 14 of the buffer 6 by a second end 18b, said free end, opposite the first 18a.
• the return means 15 comprise a plurality of such strips 18 distributed uniformly around the periphery of the support 4, to act on the entire peripheral portion 14 of the buffer 6.
• the return means 15 are in fact in the form of a starry part 19 rigidly fixed to the support 4.
• This star piece 19 comprises a central portion 20 from which a plurality of branches 18 project each forming an elastically flexible strip extending radially in a transverse plane.
• the one-piece stamp 6 comprises a plurality of petals 14b
• the starry part 19 comprises, in turn, seven branches 18 each to ensure the elastic return of a petal 14b.
• the ring 17 is attached to the interface 5, this attachment can be provided by any means, gluing being however preferred, especially for its simplicity.
• the diameters of the interface 5 and the buffer 6 are chosen substantially equal to the diameter of the lens 3, so that the diameter of the support 4 is much smaller than the diameter. of the lens 3.
• FIGS. 2 and 3 The use of the tool 1 is illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3.
• the lens 3 is mounted on a rotary support (not shown) by means of which it is driven in rotation about a fixed axis Y.
• the tool 1 is applied against this face 2 with sufficient force so that the buffer 6 matches its shape.
• the tool 1 is here, meanwhile, free in rotation yet being off-center with respect to the optical surface 2.
• a drive forced rotation of the tool, by own means, however, can be provided.
• the relative friction of the optical surface 2 and the buffer 6 is sufficient to rotate the tool 1 in the same direction as that of the lens 3, about an axis substantially coincident with the axis X of symmetry of the support 4.
• the optical surface 2 is sprayed with a non-abrasive or abrasive watering fluid, depending on whether or not the pad performs this function.
• the tool 1 In order to scan the entire optical surface 2, the tool 1 is moved during the surfacing along a radial trajectory, the point of intersection of the axis of rotation X of the tool 1 with the optical surface 2 effecting a plane. movement back and forth between two cusp points, namely an external cusp A and an internal cusp B both located at a distance from the axis of rotation Y of the lens 3.
• the central portion 6a of the tampon 6 is deformed by conforming to the shape of the optical surface 2 thanks to the compressibility of the central portion 5a of the interface 5.
• peripheral portion 14 of the tampon 6 deforms by conforming to the shape of the optical surface 2 thanks to the deformation of the flexible strips 18. Given the rigidity of the support 4, the removal of material takes place in majority right of the end surface 13, that is to say that this removal of material is carried out essentially by the central portion 6a of the buffer 6.
• the deformable ring 17 allows a smoothing of the stress distribution exerted on the peripheral periphery of the interface 5 and hence on the pad 6 by the strips 18.
• the end surface 13 of the support 4 is flat.
• the tool 1 is thus adapted to surface a certain range of optical surfaces 2 of different curvatures.
• the tool 1 When, at rest, the lamellae 18 are straight or bent opposite the end surface 13, the tool 1 is intended for the concave optical surfaces 2, whereas when the slats 18 are bent on the side of the end surface 13, the tool 1 is intended for 2 convex optical surfaces.
• the end surface 13 of the support 4 is convex, the tool 1 thus being intended for optical surfaces 2 having a more pronounced concavity.
• the end surface 13 of the support 4 is concave, the tool 1 thus being intended for optical surfaces 2 to more pronounced convexity.
• French patent application 2 857 610 proposes that the elastic return means, rather than being in the form of a starry piece such as the piece 19 illustrated on the FIGS. 1 and 2 show a continuous peripheral part cooperating in abutment with the peripheral part of the pad such as the pad 6, directly or via the only interface such as the interface 5 (no deformable ring such as 17 ' is provided), the resilient return means comprising, in addition to the continuous peripheral portion, a flat or curved collar rigidly fixed on the inner side to the support such as the support 4, this collar being formed by a perforated or solid wall.
• the contact surface between the interface and the rest of the tool is particularly important, which ensures a uniform distribution of the pressure exerted on the surface to be worked and thus makes it possible to perform surfacing with great aspect quality.
• the aim of the invention is to provide a surfacing tool which is particularly efficient in terms of minimizing appearance defects.
• an optical quality surfacing tool comprising: a base comprising a flexible collar and a rigid support surrounded by said collar, which is subdivided into petals, said rigid support having a transverse end surface; an elastically compressible interface secured to the base, comprising a so-called central portion which is in line with said end surface of the rigid support and a so-called peripheral portion which is transversely beyond said end surface of the rigid support said elastically compressible interface being applied against and covering an end surface of said flange located on the same side as the end surface of the rigid support; a flexible pad adapted to be applied against a surface to be worked, subjected to the interface opposite the rigid support, comprising a so-called central portion which is located at the right of said end surface of the rigid support and a so-called peripheral portion which is transversely beyond said end surface of the rigid support; as well as elastic return means disposed between said rigid support and the
• the lamellae and the petals thus cooperate in such a way as to exert a stress on the interface in a way that is particularly favorable both to the general conformation of the tool and to its deformation capacity to follow the variations in altitude of the surface to be worked, including when there are strong variations in altitude, as is the case when one of the faces of a Eyeglass lens intended to correct the vision of a presbyopic, myopic and astigmatic wearer.
• the conformation of the distal portions of the lamellae provides flexible, progressive and continuous deformation support (damping).
• each elastic lamella is an individual lamella attached to said rigid support.
• the assembly of the lamellae with the rigid support is certainly more complex than if the lamellae were part of a starry part, but considering the existence of the curved distal portion of each lamella, the individual or distinct nature of the lamellae is particularly interesting, because of the convenience and simplicity of realization of the slats it offers.
• each elastic lamella is permanently attached to said rigid support.
• said rigid support and each elastic strip are arranged so that each elastic strip is attached to said rigid support removably and removably.
• said rigid support comprises for each lamella a cavity having a retaining recess while each lamella comprises a U-shaped portion adapted to be housed in a said cavity of the support, with a branch of said U-shaped portion having a suitable nose to enter said recess.
• the tool comprises a wedge of elastically compressible material which is inserted forcefully between the branches of the U-shaped portion.
• each said wedge has a rounded distal portion as the base of the U-shaped portion and a proximal portion which has a tongue protruding between two shoulders.
• the tool comprises at the opening of each cavity a rib on the opposite side to that is formed said recess.
• said rib has a central passage for a tab for extracting said lamella from said cavity.
• said end surface of the flange is flush with said end surface of said support.
• said rigid support comprises a cavity for receiving the head of a surfacing machine spindle.
• said base is made of plastic material molded in one piece.
• each slat is made of spring steel.
• FIG. 4 is a top view of a portion of the tool according to the invention, and more specifically the base and the slats;
• FIG. 5 is the elevational view-section marked by V-V in Figure 4;
• FIG. 6 is a schematic sectional view of another portion of the tool according to the invention, comprising the elastically compressible interface and the flexible pad;
• Figures 7 and 8 are views similar to Figures 4 and 5 showing a variant of the base and slats;
• FIG. 9 is, in enlargement with respect to FIG. 8, an elevational view of one of the slats that the tool comprises, in the position it takes at rest, that is to say in absence of external constraints;
• FIG. 10 is the view marked XX in FIG. 9; and - Figures 1 1 and 12 are enlarged with respect to Figure 8, respectively elevational and plan views of the holding wedge provided for each slat.
• the tool 101 is arranged as the tool 1, with:
• an elastically compressible interface 105 (FIG. 6) which is applied against and covers the end surface 1 13;
• a flexible pad 106 (FIG. 6) able to be applied against the optical surface such as 2 of a lens such as 3 and which is applied against and covers at least part of the interface 105 opposite and at the right of the end surface 1 13, the buffer 106 having a central portion which is in line with the end surface 1 13 and a peripheral portion which is transversely beyond the end surface 1 13; and
• the support 104 belongs to a base 130 which has a flexible peripheral portion 131 located transversely beyond the rigid support 104, which is centrally disposed.
• the peripheral portion 131 generally forms a flexible collar having an outer diameter (large diameter) similar to the outer diameter of the interface 105 and the buffer 106.
• the inner diameter (small diameter) of the flexible collar 131 corresponds to the external diameter of the support 104, the flange 131 projecting from the lateral wall of the support 104.
• the support 104 and the flexible peripheral collar 131 are made of one-piece molded plastic, the support 104 being solid at least in the vicinity of the surface 1 13 in order to present the rigidity required while the flange 131 is thin wall thickness to be flexible.
• the flange 131 has fourteen slots 133 oriented radially and distributed equi-angularly, so that the flange 131 is subdivided into fourteen petals 134 each generally formed as an angular sector trunk.
• the end surface 1 13 of the support 104 is flush with the surface 132 of the flange 131 located on the same side.
• the fact that the support 104 and the flange 131 are made in one piece makes it possible to reduce the effects of marking the edge of the end surface 13 on the surface to be worked, so that the tool 101 makes it possible to perform surfacing with a high quality of appearance.
• the support 104 has the outer contour of a cap with a proximal portion 137 which has an outer diameter smaller than the distal portion 136 to which the end surface 13 and the shoulder 135 belong.
• the proximal portion 137 serves to connect the support 104, and more generally the base 130, to the spindle of the surfacing machine allowing the tool 101 to cooperate with an optical surface such as 2 in the manner explained above at the support of Figures 2 and 3.
• the proximal portion 137 has a cavity 140 for receiving the spindle head.
• the cavity 140 is generally shaped like three-quarters of a sphere.
• the spindle head adapted to be accommodated in the cavity 140 has a spherical portion end shaped similarly.
• the assembly between the proximal portion 137 and the spindle of the machine is by simple snapping, the thickness of the portion 137 is sufficiently small.
• the tool 101 When the spindle head is engaged in the cavity 140, the tool 101 co-operates in a ball joint relation to the spindle.
• center of the cavity 140 is particularly close to the end surface 1 13, which allows the tool 101 to orient itself optimally with respect to the surface such as 2 with which the tool 101 must cooperate.
• These comprise a plurality of resiliently flexible strips 18, here seven in number, distributed equiangularly, which project transversely from the support 104 to rest on the flexible collar 131, on the same side as the portion 137.
• each lamella 1 18 is rigidly attached to the support 104 by screws 141 which plate its proximal portion 142, which is flat, on an annular surface 143 of the support 104 situated between the portion 137 and the shoulder 135.
• the strips 1 18 are arranged angularly so that each is centered vis-à-vis the petal 134 associated.
• the strips 1 18 have a length such that they each extend transversely beyond the flange 131.
• the lamellae 1 18 each have a distal portion 144 curved towards the associated petal 134 in a rounded loop so that the end 145 of the lamella 1 18 is turned towards the support 104, the contact between the lamella 1 18 and petal 134 being located below the end 145.
• each lamella 1 18 can slide freely on the associated petal 134 when they deform, since it is by a relatively flat area that each lamella 1 18 is in contact with the associated petal 134, on a terminal portion of it relatively flat.
• each lamella 1 18 is first inclined towards the opposite of the associated petal 134 and then curls towards the associated petal 134 for about a half turn.
• the conformation of the slats 1 18 and petals 134 is such that in the absence of external stress (situation shown in Figure 5) the assembly formed by the surfaces 1 13 and 132 is concave.
• the diameter of the interface 105 and the buffer 106 corresponds to the external diameter of the flange 131.
• the securing between the interface 105 and the base 130 is effected by a double-sided adhesive 150 disposed between the interface 105 and the surfaces
• the elastically compressible interface 105 is a foam having a thickness of the order of 9 mm with a glossy skin which is located on the side of the pad 106.
• PET polyester
• the connection between the elastically compressible interface 105 and the flexible pad 106 is done through a layer 152 of sizing putty, here a layer of 0.5 mm thick.
• the flexible pad 106 has a thickness of about 1 mm and the double-sided adhesive 150 has a thickness of about 0.32 mm.
• the diameter of the interface 105 and the buffer 106 is of the order of 55 mm.
• the base 130 is made of plastic molded in one piece by injection.
• the base 130 which must both be rigid in the vicinity of the end surface 1 13 and flexible at the collar 131 and the proximal portion 137 to allow the snaps, while offering good wear resistance for cooperation with the spindle head, is made of polypropylene (PP) or high density polyethylene (eg HDPE 1000).
• PP polypropylene
• HDPE 1000 high density polyethylene
• the base thus has good wear resistance for cooperation with the spindle head and allows easy bonding with the interface 105.
• the end surface 1 13 of the support 104 is shaped like a sphere portion having a radius of curvature of the order of 70 mm.
• the contact surface between the interface 105 and the rest of the tool, in this case the base 130, is particularly important since it is formed both by the surface 1 13 and by the surface 132.
• the elastically compressible interface 105 compresses strongly at the level of the central part and the force exerted by the slats 1 18 is useful for forcing the peripheral portion of the pad 106 to remain in contact with the surface such that 2.
• the fact that the slats 1 18 exert on the petals 134 a force directed towards the interface 105 at the periphery of the latter, allows the tool 101 to be particularly effective in terms of maintenance contact with the working surface such as 2, including when it has large variations in altitude, for example if it is a side of a spectacle lens to correct the vision of a presbyopic, myopic and astigmatic carrier.
• the conformation of the end portion 144 offers the advantage, thanks to its rounded nature, to provide a smooth, progressive and continuous damping, favorable to the performance of the tool 101.
• a variant 130 'of the base 130 will now be described with reference to FIGS. 7 and 8.
• the same reference numerals have been used for the similar elements, but with an exponent.
• the base 130 ' is arranged as the base 130 but while each elastic strip 1 18 is permanently attached to the support 104 (here, the screws 141 can not be removed), the rigid support 104 'and each elastic strip 1 18' are arranged so that each elastic strip 1 18 'is attached to said rigid support 104' removably and removably.
• the support 104 ' comprises for each lamella 1 18' a cavity 146 having a retaining recess 147 while each lamella has a U-shaped portion 148 adapted to be housed in a cavity 146 of the support 104 ', with a branch of the U-shaped portion 148 which has a nose 149 adapted to penetrate the recess 147.
• each lamella 1 18 ' there is provided a rib 160 at the opening of each cavity 146, the rib 160 being on the opposite side to that where the recess 147 is formed.
• the rib 160 has at its center a passage in which takes place a tongue 155 (see more particularly Figures 9 and 10) projecting at the end of the branch 156 of the U-shaped portion 148 opposite the branch having the nose 149.
• the tongue 155 protrudes between two shoulders 157 of the portion 156. It is the shoulders 157 which bear on the rib 160.
• the tongue 155 serves to extract the lamella 1 18 'of the housing 146.
• the U-shaped portion 148 has an angle at the vertex A which is greater than when the portion 148 is in place in the housing 146.
• each lamella 1 18 'in a cavity 146 there is also provided here a wedge 161, of elastically compressible material, which is inserted by force between the branches of the U-shaped portion 148.
• the wedge 161 has a distal portion 162 which is rounded as the base of the U-shaped portion 148 and a proximal portion 163 which has a tongue 164 projecting between two shoulders 165.
• the shoulders 165 serve as a stop against the rib 160.
• the tongue 164 takes place in the passage of the center of the rib 160.
• the tongue 164 serves to extract the shim 161.
• petals 134 or 134 'than 1 18 or 18' lamellae there are twice as many petals 134 or 134 'than 1 18 or 18' lamellae as this provides excellent deformation capacity to follow a surface such as surface 2.
• the slats are fixed otherwise than by screws, for example by gluing, riveting, overmolding or even thanks to the presence of an overmolded clamping insert.
• the fixing is done by removable screws
• the lamella housings are formed by overmoulded inserts (composite base).
• the support is in two parts latched, for example with a metal part (part which cooperates with the spindle).
• the elastic return means formed by individual slats are replaced by one or more starred parts.
• the base of the tool according to the invention comprises a number of petals different from fourteen, for example six or sixteen and the slots defining the petals have different shapes, for example with corrugations.
• the support 104 is shaped differently, for example in two parts forming jaws as in the previous tool illustrated in Figures 1 to 3.
• the elements other than the base are arranged differently, for example as illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 3.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
• Grinding And Polishing Of Tertiary Curved Surfaces And Surfaces With Complex Shapes (AREA)
• Coating Apparatus (AREA)
• Paper (AREA)

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• 2009
  • 2009-12-08 FR FR0958768A patent/FR2953433B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2010
  • 2010-11-30 BR BR112012013562A patent/BR112012013562A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2010-11-30 US US13/510,198 patent/US8894471B2/en active Active
  • 2010-11-30 WO PCT/FR2010/052574 patent/WO2011070267A1/fr active Application Filing
  • 2010-11-30 CN CN201080055622.4A patent/CN102648071B/zh active Active
  • 2010-11-30 EP EP10805455.2A patent/EP2509744B1/fr active Active

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