Classifications

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  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M141/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential
  • C10M141/06—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being an organic nitrogen-containing compound
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  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
  • C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
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  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
  • C10M2203/102—Aliphatic fractions
  • C10M2203/1025—Aliphatic fractions used as base material
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  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
  • C10M2205/028—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers containing aliphatic monomers having more than four carbon atoms
  • C10M2205/0285—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers containing aliphatic monomers having more than four carbon atoms used as base material
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  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2205/17—Fisher Tropsch reaction products
  • C10M2205/173—Fisher Tropsch reaction products used as base material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
  • C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
  • C10M2207/125—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids
  • C10M2207/127—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids polycarboxylic
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
  • C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
  • C10M2207/125—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids
  • C10M2207/128—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids containing hydroxy groups; Ethers thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/28—Esters
  • C10M2207/282—Esters of (cyclo)aliphatic oolycarboxylic acids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/28—Esters
  • C10M2207/283—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/28—Esters
  • C10M2207/287—Partial esters
  • C10M2207/288—Partial esters containing free carboxyl groups
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/28—Esters
  • C10M2207/287—Partial esters
  • C10M2207/289—Partial esters containing free hydroxy groups
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2215/08—Amides
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
  • C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
  • C10N2020/017—Specific gravity or density
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
  • C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
  • C10N2020/02—Viscosity; Viscosity index
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
  • C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
  • C10N2020/04—Molecular weight; Molecular weight distribution
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
  • C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
  • C10N2030/12—Inhibition of corrosion, e.g. anti-rust agents or anti-corrosives
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/02—Bearings
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/06—Instruments or other precision apparatus, e.g. damping fluids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/08—Hydraulic fluids, e.g. brake-fluids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/135—Steam engines or turbines
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/30—Refrigerators lubricants or compressors lubricants

Definitions

• This invention relates to lubricating oil
• compositions such as industrial lubricating oils using refined base oils, and in particular it relates to lubricating oil compositions useful as machine oils, hydraulic oils, turbine oils, compressor oils, gear oils and bearing oils.
• compositions including those used as industrial
• lubricating oil compositions If they have a low friction coefficient ( ⁇ ) , it is possible efficiently to reduce friction losses in mechanical apparatus and to achieve high energy savings.
• hydraulic apparatus is widely used in construction machinery and the like, and if the friction coefficient of the lubricating oils used for the
• a fundamental requirement to maintain performance of a lubricating oil used in mechanical apparatus is rust prevention. This is because the lubricating oil
• the lubricating oil within the tanks may be subject to admixture with condensed water, or to
• This invention is intended to reduce the friction coefficient exhibited by lubricating oils so as to obtain an industrial lubricating oil which offers high energy savings.
• the intention is that, if such a lubricating oil composition is used as a hydraulic oil in hydraulic apparatus, the phenomena of chatter, vibration, squealing and other abnormal sounds in the cylinders will not occur, so that it will become possible to control the hydraulic apparatus with satisfactory precision and to inhibit the occurrence of rust and so impart excellent rust-prevention properties.
• the intention is, by this means, to obtain a lubricating oil composition which has excellent rust-prevention properties, which offers substantial energy savings because of low friction characteristics and which has good operating efficiency. Summary of the Invention
• a lubricating oil composition such as a hydraulic oil, comprising a succinic acid derivative and an amide compound as additives, and a base oil selected from a mineral oil, a synthetic oil and mixtures thereof.
• a lubricating oil composition with even better rust-prevention properties and with superior energy savings by further adding a polyhydric alcohol ester as an additive.
• a polyhydric alcohol ester as an additive.
• synthetic oils as normally used for lubricating oils.
• base oils which belong to Group I, Group II, Group III and Group IV of the API (American Petroleum Institute) base oil categories.
• Group I base oils include, for example, paraffinic mineral oils obtained by a suitable combination of refining processes such as solvent refining,
• the viscosity index should be 80 to 120 and
• the kinetic viscosity at 40°C should preferably be 2 to 680 mm 2 /s and even more preferably 8 to 220 mm 2 /s.
• the total nitrogen content should be less than 50 ppm and preferably less than 25 ppm.
• oils with an aniline point of 80 to 150°C and preferably 90 to 120°C should be used.
• Group II base oils include, for example, paraffinic mineral oils obtained by a suitable combination of refining processes such as hydrorefining and dewaxing in respect of lubricating oil fractions obtained by
• Group II base oils refined by hydrorefining methods such as the Gulf Company method have a total sulphur content of less than 10 ppm and an aromatic content of not more than 5% and so are suitable for this invention.
• the viscosity of these base oils is not specially limited, but the viscosity index should be 90 to 125 and preferably 100 to 120.
• the kinetic viscosity at 40°C should preferably be 2 to 680 mm 2 /s and more preferably 8 to 220 mm 2 /s.
• the total sulphur content should be less than 700 ppm, preferably less than 100 ppm and even more preferably less than 10 ppm.
• the total nitrogen content should also be less than
• oils with an aniline point of 80 to 150°C and preferably 100 to 135°C should be used.
• Suitable Group III base oils and Group 11+ base oils include, for example, paraffinic mineral oils
• Isodewax process which dewaxes and substitutes the wax produced by the dewaxing process with isoparaffins, and base oils refined by the Mobil wax isomerisation process.
• the viscosity of these base oils is not specially
• the viscosity index should be 95 to 145 and preferably 100 to 140.
• the kinetic viscosity at 40°C should preferably be 2 to 680 mm 2 /s and more preferably 8 to 220 mm 2 /s.
• the total sulphur content should be 0 to 100 ppm and preferably less than 10 ppm.
• the total nitrogen content should also be less than 10 ppm and preferably less than 1 ppm.
• oils with an aniline point of 80 to 150°C and preferably 110 to 135°C should be used.
• synthetic oils mention may be made of polyolefins, alkylbenzenes , alkylnaphthalenes , esters, polyoxyalkylene glycols, polyphenyl ethers,
• dialkyldiphenyl ethers dialkyldiphenyl ethers, fluorine-containing compounds (perfluoropolyethers, fluorinated polyolefins) and silicone oils.
• polystyrene resins include polymers of various olefins or hydrides thereof. Any olefin may be used, and as examples mention may be made of ethylene, propylene, butene and -olefins with five or more
• polyolefins one kind of the aforementioned olefins may be used singly or two or more kinds may be used in combination. Particularly suitable are the polyolefins called poly- -olefins (PAO) . These are base oils of Group IV.
• PAO poly- -olefins
• the kinetic viscosity at 40°C should preferably be 2 to 680 mm 2 /s and more preferably 8 to 220 mm 2 / s .
• GTLs gas to liquid synthesised by the Fischer- Tropsch method of converting natural gas to liquid fuel have a very low sulphur content and aromatic content compared with mineral oil base oils refined from crude oil and have a very high paraffin constituent ratio, and so have excellent oxidative stability, and because they also have extremely small evaporation losses, they are suitable as base oils for this invention.
• the viscosity of GTL base oils is not specially limited, but normally the viscosity index should be 130 to 180 and preferably 140 to 175. Also, the kinetic viscosity at 40°C should be 2 to 680 mm 2 /s and preferably 5 to 120 mm 2 /s. Normally the total sulphur content is also less than 10 ppm and the total nitrogen content less than 1 ppm.
• a commercial example of such a GTL base oil is Shell XHVI (registered trademark) .
• the amount of the aforementioned base oil to be incorporated in the present lubricating oil composition is not specially limited, but, taking as a basis the total amount of the lubricating oil composition, should be at least 60% by mass, preferably at least 80% by mass, more preferably at least 90% by mass, and yet more preferably at least 95% by mass.
• the succinic acid derivatives are as shown by general formula (1) : coox
• Xi and X 2 are each hydrogen or alkyl groups, alkenyl groups or hydroxyalkyl groups with 3 to 6 carbons which may be the same or different, and preferably should be hydrogen atoms, 1-hydroxypropyl groups, 2-hydroxypropyl groups, 2- methylpropyl groups or tertiary butyl groups.
• X3 has 1 to
• an alkyl group or an alkenyl group, or an alkyl group having ether bonds, or a hydroxyalkyl group for example, a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, a pentyl group, a hexyl group, a heptyl group, an octyl group, a 2-ethylhexyl group, a nonyl group, a decyl group, an undecyl group, a dodecyl group, a dodecylene group, a tridecyl group, a tetradecyl group, a tetradecylene group, a pentadecyl group, a hexadecyl group, a heptadecyl group, an alkyl group or an alkenyl group, or an alkyl group having ether bonds, or a hydroxyalkyl group, for example
• octadecyl group an octadecylene group, an eicosyl group, a docosyl group, an alkoxypropyl group, a 3-(Cg- Cis) hydrocarbonoxy (C 3 -C 6 ) alkyl group, and more preferably a tetraisopropyl group, an oleyl group, a
• cyclohexyloxypropyl group a 3-octyloxypropyl group, a 3- isooctyloxypropyl group, a 3-decyloxypropyl group, a 3- isodecyloxypropyl group and a 3- (Ci 2 -Ci 6 ) alkoxypropyl group are suitable. Aminated forms of these compounds are also suitable.
• the aforementioned succinic acid derivatives should have an acid number as determined by JIS K2501 in the range of from 10 to 300 mgKOH/g and preferably in the range of from 30 to 200 mgKOH/g.
• the amount of succinic acid derivatives used in the lubricating oil composition is in the range of from 0.001 to 0.5% by mass, preferably in the range of from 0.001 to 0.1% by mass and more preferably in the range of from 0.005 to 0.1% by mass.
• One kind or a mixture of several kinds of these succinic acid derivatives may be used.
• amide compounds in this invention mention may be made of the amide compounds, shown in general formula (2), which are products based on fatty acids and monoamines, or amide compounds which are products based on the reaction of fatty acids and polyamines.
• X4CONH2 (2) Assuming the amide compound is based on a fatty acid and a monoamine, in the aforementioned general formula 2, X 4 is an alkyl group or alkenyl group having from 1 to 30 carbon atoms. For example, mention may be made of
• the number of carbon atoms in X 4 is preferably in the range of from 8 to 24 and more preferably in the range of from 12 to 18.
• the alkyl group or alkenyl group may also be a straight-chain aliphatic, a branched aliphatic or a tertiary alkyl group.
• amide compound is based on a polyamine and a fatty acid
• reaction products of aliphatic amines or polyamines and saturated or unsaturated fatty acids having from 1 to 24 carbon atoms such as isostearic acid triethylene
• tetramide isostearic acid tetraethylene pentamide, oleic acid diethylene triamide and oleic acid diethanol amide.
• the amide compounds are used in the lubricating oil composition in an amount in the range of from 0.001 to 0.5% by mass, but preferably in the range of from 0.001 to 0.1% by mass and more preferably in the range of from 0.005 to 0.1 % by mass. These amide compounds may be used singly or in mixtures.
• esters of polyhydric alcohols are those used in the prior art as oiliness improvers.
• polyhydric alcohols such as glycerol, sorbitol, alkylene glycol, neopentyl glycol,
• glycerol esters such as glycerol monolaurylate, glycerol monostearate, glycerol monopalmitate, glycerol
• sorbitol esters mention may be made of sorbitol monolaurylate, sorbitol monopalmitate, sorbitol
• Alkylene glycol esters include ethylene glycol monolaurylate, ethylene glycol monostearate, ethylene glycol monooleate, ethylene glycol dilaurylate, ethylene glycol distearate, ethylene glycol dioleate, propylene glycol monolaurylate, propylene glycol monostearate, propylene glycol monooleate, propylene glycol
• neopentyl glycol esters mention may be made of neopentyl glycol monolaurylate, neopentyl glycol
• Trimethylolpropane esters include trimethylolpropane monolaurylate, trimethylolpropane monostearate,
• trimethylolpropane monooleate trimethylolpropane dilaurylate, trimethylolpropane distearate and trimethylolpropane dioleate.
• Pentaerythritol esters include pentaerythritol monolaurylate, pentaerythritol monostearate,
• pentaerythritol monooleate pentaerythritol dilaurylate, pentaerythritol distearate, pentaerythritol dioleate and dipentaerythritol monooleate.
• fatty acid esters of polyhydric alcohols are used in the lubricating oil composition in an amount in the range of from 0.01 to 5% by mass, but preferably in the range of from 0.05 to 2% by mass. If the amount used is outside this range, the effect on reducing the
• anti-oxidants used in this invention those used in lubricating oils are preferred for practical use, and mention may be made of phenolic anti-oxidants , amine- based anti-oxidants and sulphur-based anti-oxidants .
• anti-oxidants may be used in the lubricating oil composition singly or in mixtures in the range of from
• dialkyldiphenylamines such as p, p ' -dioctyldiphenylamine (Nonflex OD-3, made by Seiko Chemical Ltd), p, p ' -di- -methylbenzyldiphenylamine and N-p-butylphenyl-N-p ' -octylphenylamine,
• monoalkyldiphenylamines such as mono-t-butyldiphenylamine and monooctyldiphenylamine, bis (dialkylphenyl ) amines such as di ( 2 , 4-diethylphenyl ) amine and di ( 2-ethyl-4- nonylphenyl ) amine, alkylphenyl-l-naphthylamines such as octylphenyl-l-naphthylamine and N-t-dodecylphenyl-1- naphthylamine, 1-naphthylamine, arylnaphthylamines such as phenyl-l-naphthylamine, phenyl-2-naphthylamine, N- hexylphenyl-2-naphthylamine and N-octylphenyl-2- naphthylamine, phenylenedi
• Phenothiazine (made by Hodogaya Chemical Ltd.) and 3,7- dioctylphenothiazine .
• dialkyl sulphides such as didodecyl sulphide and dioctadecyl sulphide
• thiodipropionate esters such as didodecyl thiodipropionate, dioctadecyl thiodipropionate, dimyristyl thiodipropionate and
• dodecyloctadecyl thiodipropionate and 2- mercaptobenzoimidazole .
• Phenolic anti-oxidants include 2-t-butylphenol , 2-t- butyl-4-methylphenol , 2-t-butyl-5-methylphenol , 2,4-di-t- butylphenol, 2 , 4-dimethyl-6-t-butylphenol , 2-t-butyl-4- methoxyphenol , 3-t-butyl-4-methoxyphenol , 2,5-di-t- butylhydroquinone (Antage DBH, made by Kawaguchi Chemical Industry Co.
• benzenepropanoic acid 3 5-bis ( 1 , 1-dimethyl-ethyl ) -4- hydroxy-C 7 -Cg side-chain alkyl esters (Irganox L135, made by Ciba Specialty Chemicals Ltd.), 2 , 6-di-t-butyl- - dimethylamino-p-cresol , and 2 , 2 ' -methylenebis ( 4-alkyl-6- t-butylphenol ) s such as 2 , 2 ' -methylenebis ( 4-methyl-6-t- butylphenol) (Antage W-400, made by Kawaguchi Chemical Industry Ltd.) and 2 , 2 ' -methylenebis ( 4-ethyl-6-t- butylphenol) (Antage W-500, made by Kawaguchi Chemical Industry Ltd) .
• bisphenols such as 4,4'- butylidenebis ( 3-methyl-6-t-butylphenol ) (Antage W-300, made by Kawaguchi Chemical Industry Ltd.), 4,4'- methylenebis ( 2 , 6-di-t-butylphenol ) (Ionox 220AH, made by Shell Japan Ltd.), 4 , 4 ' -bis ( 2 , 6-di-t-butylphenol ) , 2,2- (di-p-hydroxyphenyl ) propane (Bisphenol A, made by Shell Japan Ltd.), 2 , 2-bis ( 3 , 5-di-t-butyl-4- hydroxyphenyl ) propane, 4,4' -cyclohexylidenebis (2, 6-t- butylphenol ) , hexamethylene glycol bis [ 3- ( 3 , 5-di-t-butyl-
• triarylphosphites such as
• trialkylphosphites such as trioctadecylphosphite and tridecylphosphite, and tridodecyltrithiophosphite .
• indazole indazole derivatives which are toluindazoles such as 4-alkyl- indazoles and 5-alkyl-indazoles
• benzothiazole and benzothiazole derivatives which are 2- mercaptobenzothiazole derivatives (Thiolite B-3100, made by Chiyoda Chemical Industries Ltd.) ? 2-
• alkyldithio benzothiazoles such as 2- (hexyldithio ) benzothiazole and 2-
• lubricating oil composition singly or in mixtures in the range of from 0.01 to 0.5% by mass.
• phosphorus compounds suitable for this invention, mention may be made of phosphate esters, acidic phosphate esters, amine salts of acidic phosphate esters, chlorinated phosphate esters, phosphite esters, phosphorothionates , zinc
• dithiophosphates esters of dithiophosphates and alkanols or polyether-type alcohols or derivatives thereof, phosphorus-containing carboxylic acids and phosphorus- containing carboxylic acid esters.
• phosphorus compounds may be used singly or in mixtures in the range of from 0.01 to 2% by mass in the lubricating oil composition.
• phosphate esters mention may be made of tributyl phosphate, tripentyl phosphate, trihexyl phosphate, triheptyl phosphate, trioctyl phosphate, trinonyl phosphate, tridecyl
• tripentadecyl phosphate trihexadecyl phosphate
• triheptadecyl phosphate trioctadecyl phosphate, trioleyl phosphate, triphenyl phosphate, tris(iso- propylphenyl ) phosphate, triaryl phosphate, tricresyl phosphate, trixylenyl phosphate, cresyldiphenyl phosphate and xylenyldiphenyl phosphate.
• acidic phosphate esters mention may be made of monobutyl acid phosphate, monopentyl acid phosphate, monohexyl acid phosphate, monoheptyl acid phosphate, monooctyl acid phosphate, monononyl acid phosphate, monodecyl acid phosphate, monoundecyl acid phosphate, monododecyl acid phosphate, monotridecyl acid phosphate, monotetradecyl acid phosphate, monopentadecyl acid phosphate,
• phosphate didodecyl acid phosphate, ditridecyl acid phosphate, ditetradecyl acid phosphate, dipentadecyl acid phosphate, dihexadecyl acid phosphate, diheptadecyl acid phosphate, dioctadecyl acid phosphate and dioleyl acid phosphate .
• amine salts of acidic phosphate esters mention may be made of the methylamine, ethylamine, propylamine, butylamine,
• phosphite esters mention may be made of dibutyl phosphite, dipentyl phosphite, dihexyl phosphite, diheptyl phosphite, dioctyl phosphite, dinonyl phosphite, didecyl phosphite,
• phosphite diphenyl phosphite, dicresyl phosphite, tributyl phosphite, tripentyl phosphite, trihexyl
• phosphite triheptyl phosphite, trioctyl phosphite, trinonyl phosphite, tridecyl phosphite, triundecyl phosphite, tridodecyl phosphite, trioleyl phosphite, triphenyl phosphite and tricresyl phosphite.
• phosphorothionates mention may be made specifically of tributyl phosphorothionate, tripentyl phosphorothionate, trihexyl phosphorothionate, triheptyl phosphorothionate, trioctyl phosphorothionate, trinonyl phosphorothionate, tridecyl phosphorothionate, triundecyl phosphorothionate, tridodecyl phosphorothionate, tritridecyl
• zinc dialkyl dithiophosphates mention may be made in general of zinc dialkyl dithiophosphates, zinc diaryl dithiophosphates and zinc arylalkyl dithiophosphates.
• zinc dialkyl dithiophosphates where the alkyl groups of the zinc dialkyl dithiophosphates have primary or secondary alkyl groups having from 3 to 22 carbon atoms or
• alkylaryl groups substituted with alkyl groups having from 3 to 18 carbon atoms may be used.
• dithiophosphates mention may be made of zinc dipropyl dithiophosphate, zinc dibutyl dithiophosphate, zinc dipentyl dithiophosphate, zinc dihexyl dithiophosphate, zinc diisopentyl dithiophosphate, zinc diethylhexyl dithiophosphate, zinc dioctyl dithiophosphate, zinc dinonyl dithiophosphate, zinc didecyl dithiophosphate, zinc didodecyl dithiophosphate, zinc dipropylphenyl dithiophosphate, zinc dipentylphenyl dithiophosphate, zinc dipropylmethylphenyl dithiophosphate, zinc
• Phosphorus-containing carboxylic compounds such as phosphorus-containing carboxylic acids and their acid esters should include both a carboxyl group and a
• phosphorus atom in the same molecule.
• Their structure is not specially limited but normally, from the standpoint of extreme pressure properties and thermal and oxidative stability, phosphorylated carboxylic acids or
• phosphorylated carboxylic acid esters are preferred. As examples of phosphorylated carboxylic acids or
• R4 and R5 may be the same or different and each denotes a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having from 1 to 30 carbons atoms.
• R6 denotes an alkylene group having from 1 to 20 carbons atoms.
• R 7 denotes a hydrogen atom or a
• Xi, X2, X3 and X 4 may be the same or different and each denotes an oxygen atom or a sulphur atom.
• hydrocarbon groups having from 1 to 30 carbons atoms in R 4 and R 5 in the aforementioned general formula (3) mention may be made of alkyl groups, alkenyl groups, aryl group, alkylaryl groups and
• ⁇ -dithiophosphorylated propionic acids which are useful examples of the aforementioned ⁇ - dithiophosphorylated carboxylic acids, have the structure shown in the following general formula (4) :
• the amount of phosphorus-containing carboxylic acid compound in the present lubricating oil composition is not specially limited, but is preferably in the range of from 0.001 to 1% by mass and more preferably in the range of from 0.002 to 0.5% by mass in the lubricating oil composition. If the amount of phosphorus-containing carboxylic acid compound is less than the above-mentioned lower limit, there will be a likelihood of satisfactory lubricating qualities not being obtained. On the other hand, even if the above-mentioned upper limit is
• the amount of the compound where R7 is a hydrogen atom in a phosphorylated carboxylic acid as expressed by the aforementioned general formula (3) is in the range of from 0.001 to 0.1% by mass, preferably in the range of from 0.002 to 0.08% by mass, more preferably in the range of from 0.003 to 0.07% by mass, still more preferably in the range of from 0.004 to 0.06% by mass, and even more preferably in the range of from 0.005 to 0.05% by mass.
• pour-point depressants and viscosity-index improvers may also be added to the lubricating oil composition of this
• viscosity-index improvers examples include non-dispersant type viscosity-index improvers such as polymethacrylates and olefin polymers such as ethylene-propylene copolymers, styrene-diene copolymers, polyisobutylene and polystyrene, and dispersant type viscosity-index improvers where nitrogen-containing monomers have been copolymerised with these.
• the amount to be added they may be used within the range of from 0.05 to 20% by mass in the lubricating oil composition .
• pour-point depressants mention may be made of polymethacrylate-based polymers. They may be used in an amount in the range of from 0.01 to 5% by mass in the lubricating oil composition.
• Defoaming agents may also be added in order to impart defoaming characteristics to the lubricating oil composition of this invention.
• defoaming agents suitable for this invention mention may be made of organosilicates such as dimethylpolysiloxane, diethylsilicate and fluorosilicone, and non-silicone type defoaming agents such as polyalkylacrylates .
• organosilicates such as dimethylpolysiloxane, diethylsilicate and fluorosilicone
• non-silicone type defoaming agents such as polyalkylacrylates .
• the amount to be added they may be used singly or in mixtures in the range of from 0.0001 to 0.1% by mass in the lubricating oil composition.
• demulsifiers suitable for this invention mention may be made of those in the known art normally used as additives for lubricating oils. They may be used in an amount in the range of from 0.0005 to 0.5% by mass in the lubricating oil composition.
• Base Oil 1 A paraffinic mineral oil obtained by use of a suitable combination of refining processes such as hydrocracking and dewaxing in respect of a lubricating oil fraction obtained by atmospheric distillation of crude oil, and classified as Group II according to the API (American Petroleum Institute) base oil
• Base Oil 2 A paraffinic mineral oil obtained by appropriate use of a suitable combination of
• Base Oil 3 A GTL base oil synthesised by the Fischer-Tropsch method, and classified as Group III according to the API (American Petroleum Institute) base oil classification.
• Base Oil 4 A synthetic oil being a poly- - olefin (PAO) with the general name PA06, and
• viscosity index 135, sulphur content (as converted to elemental sulphur) : less than 10 ppm, nitrogen content (as converted to elemental nitrogen) : less than 1 ppm, aniline point: 128°C, 15°C density:
• RheinChemie RC4802 (acid number by the method of ASTM D3739: 55mgKOH/g)
• the friction coefficient was measured using a Masuda pendulum-type oiliness tester manufactured by Shinko Machine Manufacturing Co. Ltd. In this test the oil being tested is supplied to the friction portion of the
• the pendulum is made to move, and the friction coefficient is obtained from the reduction in oscillations .
• test oil 300 ml was taken and put in a container disposed in a constant-temperature bath. It was agitated at a speed of 1000 turns per minute. When the temperature reached 60 °C, an iron test specimen was inserted into the oil being tested and 30 ml of artificial sea water was also added. Keeping the temperature at 60°C, agitation was continued for 24 hours. Then the specimen was removed and assessed
• Example 2 As in Example 2 also proved to be Excellent (0) with a low friction coefficient and it passed (0) in the artificial sea-water rust-prevention test with no
• Example 3 comprising Base Oil 2, succinic acid derivative (Additive A2 ) , fatty amide (Additive Bl) and polyalcohol ester (Additive C2), was Excellent (0) with a low friction coefficient, and it passed (0) in the artificial sea-water rust-prevention test with no
• Example 4 comprising Base Oil 3, succinic acid derivative (Additive A3), fatty amide (Additive B2) and polyalcohol ester (Additive CI) was Excellent (0) with a low friction coefficient, and it passed (0) in the artificial sea-water rust-prevention test with no
• Example 5 comprising Base Oil 3, succinic acid derivative (Additive A3), fatty amide (Additive B2) and polyalcohol ester (Additive C2) was Excellent (0) with a low friction coefficient, and it passed (0) in the artificial sea-water rust-prevention test with no
• Example 6 comprising Base Oil 4, succinic acid derivative (Additive A3), fatty amide (Additive B2) and polyalcohol ester (Additive CI) was Excellent (0) with a low friction coefficient, and it passed (0) in the artificial sea-water rust-prevention test with no
• Example 7 comprising Base Oil 4, succinic acid derivative (Additive A3), fatty amide (Additive B2) and polyalcohol ester (Additive C2) was Excellent (0) with a low friction coefficient, and it passed (0) in the artificial sea-water rust-prevention test with no

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