WO2011062465A2 - Prefabricated open-web girders - Google Patents

Prefabricated open-web girders Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011062465A2
WO2011062465A2 PCT/MX2010/000089 MX2010000089W WO2011062465A2 WO 2011062465 A2 WO2011062465 A2 WO 2011062465A2 MX 2010000089 W MX2010000089 W MX 2010000089W WO 2011062465 A2 WO2011062465 A2 WO 2011062465A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
diagonal
stirrups
reinforcement
cords
concrete
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/MX2010/000089
Other languages
Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2011062465A3 (en
Inventor
José Luis RAMÍREZ-IBÁÑEZ
Manuel RAMÍREZ-IBÁÑEZ
Original Assignee
Ramirez-Ibanez Jose Luis
Ramirez-Ibanez Manuel
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ramirez-Ibanez Jose Luis, Ramirez-Ibanez Manuel filed Critical Ramirez-Ibanez Jose Luis
Publication of WO2011062465A2 publication Critical patent/WO2011062465A2/en
Publication of WO2011062465A3 publication Critical patent/WO2011062465A3/en

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
    • E04C5/01—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings
    • E04C5/06—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings of high bending resistance, i.e. of essentially three-dimensional extent, e.g. lattice girders
    • E04C5/065—Light-weight girders, e.g. with precast parts
    • E04C5/0653—Light-weight girders, e.g. with precast parts with precast parts
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E04B5/16—Load-carrying floor structures wholly or partly cast or similarly formed in situ
    • E04B5/17—Floor structures partly formed in situ
    • E04B5/23—Floor structures partly formed in situ with stiffening ribs or other beam-like formations wholly or partly prefabricated
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/29—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces built-up from parts of different material, i.e. composite structures
    • E04C3/293—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces built-up from parts of different material, i.e. composite structures the materials being steel and concrete
    • E04C3/294—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces built-up from parts of different material, i.e. composite structures the materials being steel and concrete of concrete combined with a girder-like structure extending laterally outside the element

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the construction of light beams of intermediate mass, more specifically to the construction of self-supporting open-heart beams or joists that have a combination of upper frame or reinforcement and a lower concrete heel, reinforced reinforcement with vertical stirrups and at the end to withstand the diagonal tension and the plastic kneecap.
  • EP 1752596 whose inventor is Daniele Franco, published on November 8, 2005, describes a self-supporting slab beam comprising a reinforcement in the form of metal reinforcement with three upper and two lower stringers connected by elements diagonally, said reinforcement is attached to a concrete slab.
  • the Spanish patent ES 2 154 558 published on April 1, 2001, and whose inventor is Jaime Enrique Jiménez Sánchez, describes and protects a method of manufacturing a beam with two flat steel faces in a 90 ° ratio, within from which an armor is placed to be filled with concrete by placing the side formwork on only one side of the beam.
  • Japanese patent JP 2000199268, published on July 18, 2000, to Shimizu Construction Co. Ltd. describes a method of construction of prefabricated beams or beams consisting of an upper reinforcement and a lower heel of concrete with the lower section of the reinforcement drowned in the concrete, said beams belong to the field of heavy construction and only provide uniform resistance throughout the entire beam, because the rectangular reinforcement with upper and lower cords joined by vertical stirrups It is uniform along the trab.
  • the uncovered armor will be cast on site through the use of a lateral formwork.
  • EP 0870883 published on October 14, 1998, whose inventor is Mario Zarantonello, describes and protects a light beam for prefabricated slab, consisting of two independent parts, an elongated concrete seat in the form of "u" which defines a channel on which an armature is superimposed with an upper cord and two lower cords joined by diagonal elements that are hooked on the upper cord, on the edges of the channel the side tapes are placed to cast the beam.
  • Mexican patent application PA / a / 997/03000 whose inventor is Jaime Enrique Jiménez Sánchez, published on July 31, 1997, describes and protects a pre-tensioned open-core beam with a lower concrete heel where the concrete will be placed Slab joists, the ends of the open soul beam will be placed on platforms around the columns.
  • the beam of this invention has a simple reinforcement of parallel longitudinal cords and exposed vertical stirrups to form the open soul on which the concrete of the slab will be cast to form monolithic slabs.
  • International application WO 9315287. published on June 15, 1997 describes a metal armor that can be used to form beams, said armor consisting of an upper cord and two lower cords joined by diagonal stirrups dotted on the cords.
  • Patent CZ 5428 whose inventor is Erge Lotear, published on February 12, 1997, describes and protects several versions of metal reinforcements that can be used to make open-heart beams with a lower concrete heel, or only the reinforcements requiring the use of basic formwork.
  • the reinforcement consists of two upper cords and two lower cords, the separation between the upper cords is greater than the separation between the lower cords, said cords connected to each other by means of diagonal elements that define a complicated weft.
  • Figure 1A is a cross-sectional view of a cantilever load bar of the present invention that requires the formwork of the sides.
  • Figure 1 B is a perspective view of the banned load bar.
  • Figure 2A is a cross-sectional view of a rigid stiffening beam that has reinforcements or longitudinal lateral cords that hold the joists of the slab or lower load beam.
  • Figure 2B is a perspective view of the stiffening stiffening bar.
  • Figure 3A is a cross-sectional view of a load bar of the present invention drowned in the thickness of the slab concrete.
  • Figure 3 B is a perspective view of the choked load bar in the thickness of the slab concrete.
  • Figure 4A is a cross-sectional view of a stiffening bar of the present invention drowned in the thickness of the slab concrete.
  • Figure 4B is a perspective view of the stiffened stiffener in the thickness of the slab concrete.
  • Figure 5 is a perspective view of the stiffening lock of the present invention supported on columns.
  • Figure 6 is a perspective view of the stiffening bar of the present invention supported on columns with a central strut.
  • Figure 7 is a perspective view of the stiffening of the present invention added with reinforcements such as vertical stirrups and continuity poles located on the concrete heel.
  • Figure 8 is a perspective view of the rigidity of the present invention supported on columns, the central strut and the transverse joists of the slab on said open soul beams.
  • Figure 9 is a perspective view showing a structural attachment or temperature nerve located in the center transverse to the joists and parallel to the beams, on the slab grid.
  • Figure 10 is a perspective view showing the temperature rib transverse to the joists and parallel to the beams, in the center of the slab grid, also the vaults covering the spaces between the joists.
  • Figure 1 1 is a perspective view showing the temperature rib transverse to the joists and parallel to the beams, in the center of the slab grid, the vaults that cover the spaces between joists and prevent the spillage of the emptied concrete about them.
  • Figure 12 is a perspective view showing a state-of-the-art trab with reinforcement and lower concrete heel, said trab is used in slabs and on a light mold.
  • Figure 13 is a perspective view showing a state of the art link with reinforcement, concrete bottom heel and end stops, said beam is used in slabs and on a light mold.
  • Figure 14 is a side view showing the reinforcement of the beams of the present invention, the upper, intermediate, lower longitudinal cords, vertical stirrups, inclined stirrups and shear connectors at the ends.
  • the lock is calculated as an armor considering that the lower cords have enough steel comparable to the traditional beam with its entire rectangular body, to absorb the stresses caused by the bending effort; the upper cord and the intermediate and lower cords are linked by a reinforcement formed by diagonal elements facing each other in the shape of a triangle, whose upper vertex is linked to the lateral faces of the upper cord and whose base is linked to each of the lower cords in a facing opposite relationship, these elements give the joist an increased safety factor of up to double to absorb the diagonal tension that occurs in the event of an earthquake.
  • the appearance of cracks by diagonal tension is due to the fact that at the time of the earthquake the structure has the sum of several efforts that cause the diagonal tension, fails and causes the structure to collapse. Light or heavy prefabricated structures do not solve these two kinds of problems.
  • the beams of the present invention are calculated as a reinforcement where they carry in a lower cord all the steel that contains the traditional lock of the state of the art, this to absorb the tensions caused by the bending effort; in the upper part it carries part of the steel that the traditional lock, the upper and lower parts are linked by diagonal ropes of reinforcing steel, thereby forming a reinforcement in whose lower part it has a concrete heel, additionally on the concrete heel it carries continuity poles joined by means of vertical stirrups that together give the safety of the present invention a double safety factor to be able to absorb the diagonal tension that can be Present in case of an earthquake.
  • shear connectors are placed that rest on the column and support twice the load that the beam can transmit to the column in order to resist the plastic ball joint, the beam does not collapse because it remains supported on the column thanks to the additional reinforcement provided by shear connectors that resist the high load produced.
  • the beam of the present invention is strategically designed in plan, which at the time of the earthquake said beam works as a cast armor with concrete and the shear connectors make it remain supported on the column despite the plastic ball generated by the earthquake , in this way it prevents the building from collapsing and opens the possibility that it can be repaired in case of damage.
  • the trabs of the present application have a concrete cast bottom heel of 0.04m thickness to completely eliminate the wooden bottom of the formwork that the weights usually carry when sneaking into place, requiring only the formwork of the sides of said trab , also require shoring in accordance with the requirements determined by the length of the lock.
  • the fabrication of the open soul beams of the present application is assembled in plan according to the structural plans of the construction, without the need for special calculations, the beams together with the slab allow the construction of a monolithic casting that avoids cracks and future dampness.
  • the beams are constructed with an upper bead and at least two parallel lower beads separated a certain distance, in addition to the beadings it has an armature with inclined stirrups, vertical stirrups and shear connectors at the ends.
  • Figures 1 A and 1 B show a cross-sectional and perspective view of a load bar of the present application, said bar placed on the slab of a construction in the middle of two vaults (2 and 3) each supported by the formwork (9) of the sides of the beam (1) whose armor sews on an upper cord (6) on whose lateral faces a lateral reinforcement is joined with diagonal and inclined stirrups (7), that is, said stirrups are spliced at the upper cord, said inclined stirrups are each joined to the inner face of a lower cord (8) to form a triangular pyramidal cross-section, which are in a parallel pair at the base of the structure, the diagonal stirrups are they join the cords by means of welding, thus forming one of the modalities of the reinforcement of the beams of the present invention, the lower section of the beam drowns in concrete in a 0.04m thick layer, such that the lower cords together with the diagonal stirrups are drowned in the concrete that forms a heel (5) of reinforced concrete 0.
  • the barred beam like the one in the present figure requires a formwork with two sides (9) held together by means of a horizontal bolt, once the side form is placed on the sides of the beam (1) the concrete is emptied creating a slab with a compression layer (4) of 0.04m thickness on the upper face of said slab constructed without the need for formwork, only the use of the formwork of sides and intermediate struts that hold the beam.
  • FIGS 2 A and 2B show a cross-sectional and perspective view of a stiffening beam (20) cant in the slab, said beam (20) supported by the ends in a column, the beam in turn supports the joists ( 29) of the slab which are also composed of a reinforcement with inclined side stirrups (22), an upper bead (21) and a lower concrete heel (23), said joists (29) by means of the ends of the lower cords (24) of the joists are supported on intermediate lateral cords (25) welded together to the outer faces of the diagonal stirrups (7), with the foregoing it follows that a stiffening bar is more reinforced than a load bar, since that the rigidity lock has the additional intermediate lateral cords (25), in addition to the upper cord (6) and the two lower parallel cords (8) drowned in the concrete of the lower heel (5) and which forms a load and resistance body rigid that avoids the use of basic formwork for casting the rest of the bar in place, the upper, intermediate and lower cords are
  • the cantilever of this example also requires the formwork of sides (not shown) to be able to empty the concrete and cast the slab that forms a monolithic body together with the beams and joists, said monolithic body with an upper compression layer of 0.04m of concrete thickness that prevents the passage of moisture and solvents and thereby eliminates the deterioration of the reinforcement.
  • the vaults are placed on the edges of the sides of the joists (29) and more properly on the edges of the concrete heel (23) characteristic of the beams and joists of the present invention.
  • FIGS 3 A and 3B show a cross-sectional and perspective view of a load bar drowned in the slab (30), said bar (30) supported by the ends in a column through the ends of the cords (8 ) provided in turn with a support connector or shear connector, the lock in turn supports the joists (29) of the slab that are also composed of a reinforcement with inclined side stirrups (22), an upper cord (21) and a lower concrete heel (23), said joists (29) in this embodiment have a shear connector (26) attached to the diagonal stirrups (22), said connector rests on the upper surface of the heel (5) of the lock, the lock (30) in addition to the upper cord (6) and the two lower parallel cords (8) drowned in the concrete of the lower heel (5) rest on a column and form a rigid load and resistance body that prevents the use of basic formwork for casting the rest of the lock on site, what s upper, lower cords are joined by means of diagonal stirrups (7).
  • the choked bar when emptying the concrete and casting the slab that forms a monolithic body together with the beams and joists, said monolithic body with a compression layer of 0.04m thick concrete that prevents the passage of moisture and solvents and with it Eliminates armor deterioration.
  • the vaults (not shown) are placed on the edges of the sides of the joists (29) and more properly on the edges of the concrete heel (23) characteristic of the beams and joists of the present invention.
  • FIGS 4 A and 4B show a cross-sectional and perspective view of a stiffening bar (40) drowned in the slab as an embodiment of the present. request, said trab placed on the slab of a construction in the middle of two vaults (2 and 3) each supported by the sides of the heel (5) of the trab (40) whose armor sews on an upper cord (6) in which Side faces are joined by a side armor with diagonal and inclined stirrups (7), said inclined stirrups are each joined to the inner face of a lower cord (8), which are in a parallel pair at the base of the structure, the diagonal stirrups are joined to the cords by means of welding, thus forming one of the modalities of the reinforcement of the beams of the present invention, the lower section of the beam drowns in concrete in a 0.04m thick layer, of such that the lower cords together with the diagonal stirrups are drowned in the concrete that forms a heel (5) of reinforced concrete 0.04m thick.
  • the drowned beam in the concrete of the slab as the one in the present figure does not require a base formwork, once the beam and side vaults are placed, the concrete is emptied creating a slab with a compression layer (4) of 0.04m of thickness on the upper face of said slab constructed without need of formwork, only the use of intermediate struts that hold the bar.
  • Figure 5 is a perspective view (50) of the placement of the stiffening bar on columns (51), in this case the prefabricated open-hearted beam has at its ends a support connector (28) or shear connector whose function is to increase the stiffness of the reinforcement at the ends of the prefabricated open-heartbeat of the present invention, said increase in rigidity enables said beam to withstand the plastic kneecap at the time it occurs in an earthquake.
  • the ends of the trabs of open soul of the present invention consisting of a lower heel (5) of concrete above which the reinforcement thereof composed of the continuous lateral stirrups (7) attached to the sides of the upper cord (6) protrudes.
  • the object of the present invention is to manufacture open-heart beams that contain in the lower cords all the steel that would have a lock of the state of the art to absorb the stresses caused by the bending effort and in the upper part it has reinforcing steel forming an armor linked by diagonal elements.
  • Figure 7 is a perspective view of a column-supported beam mode (51), the preferred embodiment presented in Figure 7, has additional reinforcing steel such as vertical stirrups (71) and upper reinforcements (70), lower ( 72), said reinforcing steel is placed on top of the concrete heel (5) forming an additional rectangular structural chain to the reinforcement of the open-heartbeat described above, that is, additional to the lower heel and the reinforcement with. diagonal stirrups and upper cord.
  • additional reinforcing steel such as vertical stirrups (71) and upper reinforcements (70), lower ( 72)
  • the additional steel on the heel (5) consists of two pairs of continuity poles (70 and 72) that give a superior reinforcement to the open-heartbeat, vertical stirrups (71) are also added to form an additional reinforcement superimposed on the heel (5), the trab
  • vertical stirrups (71) are also added to form an additional reinforcement superimposed on the heel (5), the trab
  • Shear connectors (28) are placed on the ends of the frame of the open-core beam that rest on the column, thereby supporting twice the load that the beam can transmit to the column, the addition of the shear connectors resolves with it the collapse by plastic patella, For trabs that only support on the column and that also pass on it, continuity poles are placed sectioned to those of the additional reinforcement, whose objective is to increase the steel on the column and that is in relation to continuity with the beams, said sectioned canes are added to the continuity canes of the reinforcement superimposed on the concrete heel of the trab.
  • Figure 8 is a perspective view showing the rigidity bars on columns, but without the additional reinforcement with continuity poles and vertical stirrups of Figure 7, in this view four beams supported on columns (51) are shown by means of the shear connectors (28) and with the lower heel (5) each supported by a central strut (53); on the upper surface of the heels (5) the open-heart joists (29) are supported, with the separation of said parallel joists empty spaces are formed in which vaults are placed that close said spaces and be available to cast the slab so structurally formed.
  • Figure 9 shows an additional slab reinforcement formed with the open soul perimeter beams of the present invention, said reinforcement forms the slab and beam assembly assembly (90), to which an upper reinforcement (91) is added transverse to the joists, supported by the beams and these in turn by the ends thereof on the columns and additionally with a central strut (53) for each open-hearted beam.
  • the vaults (2) covering the empty spaces between joists (29) are added to the structural skeleton of Figure 9, for Figure 1 1, the concrete (92) has been emptied into the drawer formed by the side formwork (93) that drowns the joists (29), the temperature rib (91), the vaults (2) and the beams themselves supported by the columns and the strut (53).
  • Figure 12 shows an open soul beam (120) of the state of the art, formed with upper (122) and lower (121) cords joined by electro-welding to the diagonal elements of the armature (123) in the form of triangle attached to the lower cords (121) drowned in the concrete heel (124).
  • Said beam is standard with thin electro-welded material without any additional reinforcement that solves the plastic kneecap and diagonal tension, the upper bead is attached to the diagonal reinforcement by a point just at the top vertex of the diagonal elements, that is , it is superimposed on them, different thicknesses of cords and diagonal elements are not handled, nor different heights of the diagonal elements to provide increased strength of the joists.
  • Figure 13 is a perspective view (130) of the open-heart beam of the state of the art of Figure 12, in this embodiment said joist (130) has the concrete skate (124) and is finished off with a end stop (125) that prevents involuntary run-offs of the joist when placed in the polyurethane molds on which said joist rests, the mold has an intermediate channel that functions as a housing for the joist (30) before being emptied concrete to cast the slab, of course, previously the formwork that supports the mold, the joists and the emptied concrete is placed, this beam of the prior art does not dispense with the necessary formwork in the slab castings with traditional elements of the state of The technique.

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Abstract

This invention relates to a reinforced prefabricated open-web girder that is self-supporting or propped in the centre and that works primarily as a frame and secondarily as a doubly reinforced beam, manufactured using a lightweight-prefabrication method, with a frame and a lower concrete heel reinforced horizontally in a first stage, then the remainder is poured and reinforced on site with higher compression strength characteristics at its extremities, which is capable of withstanding any plastic hinges that occur; it is also reinforced along the body of the girder to withstand the total diagonal stress. On the ends of the girder are placed shear connectors that are supported on the column and that bear twice the load; the body of the girder is reinforced with vertical braces, continuous rods and the diagonals of the frame, all of which double the safety factor in order for the diagonal stress on the girder to be absorbed.

Description

TRABES PREFABRICADAS DE ALMA ABIERTA  OPEN SOUL PREFABRICATED WORKS
CAMPO DE LA INVENCIÓN FIELD OF THE INVENTION
La presente invención se relaciona con la construcción de trabes ligeras de masa intermedia, más específicamente a la construcción de vigas o viguetas de alma abierta auto-soportantes que tienen una combinación de armazón o armadura superior y un tacón inferior de concreto, la armadura reforzada con estribos verticales y en el extremo para soportar la tensión diagonal y la rótula plástica. The present invention relates to the construction of light beams of intermediate mass, more specifically to the construction of self-supporting open-heart beams or joists that have a combination of upper frame or reinforcement and a lower concrete heel, reinforced reinforcement with vertical stirrups and at the end to withstand the diagonal tension and the plastic kneecap.
ANTECEDENTES DE LA INVENCIÓN. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
La industria de la construcción en términos de vigas utiliza tres clases de prefabricados, los pesados y los ligeros e intermedios, con la mayoría de ellos en la construcción pesada, ya que se trata de evitar incomodidades y ahorro de espacio necesarios al colar en sitio. En la construcción ligera e intermedia existen prefabricados como las viguetas sólidas que en cooperación con la bovedilla forman la estructura de sujeción y la superficie de colado de la losa en obra. Existen en el estado de la técnica algunos ejemplos donde se usan vigas ligeras prefabricadas provistas con una armadura y un tacón de concreto, pero todas se hacen de una tamaño y para carga estándar por lo que requieren de un emparrillado adicional. La solicitud de patente Europea EP 1752596 , cuyo inventor es Daniele Franco, publicada el 08 de noviembre de 2005, describe una viga auto-soportante para losas que comprende un refuerzo de metal en forma de armadura con tres largueros superiores y dos inferiores conectados por elementos diagonales, dicho refuerzo está unido a una losa de concreto. The construction industry in terms of beams uses three kinds of prefabricated, heavy and light and intermediate, with most of them in heavy construction, since it is about avoiding discomforts and saving space needed when casting on site. In light and intermediate construction there are prefabricated as solid joists that in cooperation with the vault form the clamping structure and the casting surface of the slab in work. There are some examples in the state of the art where prefabricated light beams provided with a reinforcement and a concrete heel are used, but all are made of a standard size and load for which they require an additional grid. European patent application EP 1752596, whose inventor is Daniele Franco, published on November 8, 2005, describes a self-supporting slab beam comprising a reinforcement in the form of metal reinforcement with three upper and two lower stringers connected by elements diagonally, said reinforcement is attached to a concrete slab.
La solicitud de patente Internacional WO 2004067873, publicada el 12 de agosto de 2004, cuyo inventor es Daniele Franco, describe una viga con un tacón inferior de concreto y una armadura superior, unidos entre sí por medio de elementos diagonales coronados en el extremo superior por tres cordones longitudinales que se sobreponen a los elementos diagonales; el tacón de concreto inferior tiene ahogado un anillo rectangular y una pluralidad de cordones longitudinales de diferentes diámetros, dos pares de los mismos anexos a la vecindad de los extremos inferiores de los elementos diagonales. International patent application WO 2004067873, published on August 12, 2004, whose inventor is Daniele Franco, describes a beam with a lower concrete heel and an upper reinforcement, joined together by means of diagonal elements crowned at the upper end by three longitudinal cords that overlap the diagonal elements; The lower concrete heel has a rectangular ring and a plurality of longitudinal cords of different diameters drowned, two pairs of them attached to the vicinity of the lower ends of the diagonal elements.
La patente Española ES 2 154 558, publicada el 01 de abril de 2001 , y cuyo inventor es Jaime Enrique Jiménez Sánchez, describe y protege un método de fabricación de una viga de con dos caras planas de acero en una relación de 90°, dentro de la cual se coloca una armadura para ser rellenada con concreto al colocar la cimbra lateral de un solo lado de la viga. The Spanish patent ES 2 154 558, published on April 1, 2001, and whose inventor is Jaime Enrique Jiménez Sánchez, describes and protects a method of manufacturing a beam with two flat steel faces in a 90 ° ratio, within from which an armor is placed to be filled with concrete by placing the side formwork on only one side of the beam.
La patente Japonesa JP 2000199268, publicada el 18 de julio de 2000, para Shimizu Construction Co. Ltd., describe un método de construcción de vigas prefabricadas o trabes que constan de una armadura superior y un tacón inferior de concreto con la sección inferior de la armadura ahogada en el concreto, dichas vigas pertenecen al campo de la construcción pesada y sólo proporcionan resistencia uniforme a lo largo de toda la viga, debido a que la armadura rectangular con cordones superiores e inferiores unidos por estribos verticales es uniforme a lo largo de la trabe. La armadura descubierta será colada en sitio por medio del uso de una cimbra lateral. Japanese patent JP 2000199268, published on July 18, 2000, to Shimizu Construction Co. Ltd., describes a method of construction of prefabricated beams or beams consisting of an upper reinforcement and a lower heel of concrete with the lower section of the reinforcement drowned in the concrete, said beams belong to the field of heavy construction and only provide uniform resistance throughout the entire beam, because the rectangular reinforcement with upper and lower cords joined by vertical stirrups It is uniform along the trab. The uncovered armor will be cast on site through the use of a lateral formwork.
La solicitud de patente Europea EP 0870883, publicada el 14 de octubre de 1998, cuyo inventor es Mario Zarantonello, describe y protege una viga para losa prefabricada ligera, que consta de dos partes independientes, un asiento de concreto alargado en forma de "u" que define un canal sobre el cual se sobrepone una armadura con un cordón superior y dos cordones inferiores unidos por elementos diagonales que se enganchan en el cordón superior, sobre los bordes del canal se colocan las cimbras laterales para colar la viga. European patent application EP 0870883, published on October 14, 1998, whose inventor is Mario Zarantonello, describes and protects a light beam for prefabricated slab, consisting of two independent parts, an elongated concrete seat in the form of "u" which defines a channel on which an armature is superimposed with an upper cord and two lower cords joined by diagonal elements that are hooked on the upper cord, on the edges of the channel the side tapes are placed to cast the beam.
La solicitud de patente Mexicana PA/a/ 997/03000, cuyo inventor es Jaime Enrique Jiménez Sánchez, publicada el 31 de julio de 1997, describe y protege una viga de alma abierta pre-tensada con un tacón inferior de concreto donde serán colocadas las viguetas de la losa, los extremos de la viga de alma abierta serán colocadas sobre plataformas alrededor de las columnas. La viga de esta invención, posee una armadura sencilla de cordones longitudinales paralelos y estribos verticales expuestos para formar el alma abierta sobre la que será colado el concreto de la losa para formar losas monolíticas. La solicitud Internacional WO 9315287. publicada el 15 de junio de 1997, describe una armadura metálica que se puede usar para formar vigas, dicha armadura consiste de un cordón superior y dos cordones inferiores unidos por estribos diagonales punteados sobre los cordones. Mexican patent application PA / a / 997/03000, whose inventor is Jaime Enrique Jiménez Sánchez, published on July 31, 1997, describes and protects a pre-tensioned open-core beam with a lower concrete heel where the concrete will be placed Slab joists, the ends of the open soul beam will be placed on platforms around the columns. The beam of this invention has a simple reinforcement of parallel longitudinal cords and exposed vertical stirrups to form the open soul on which the concrete of the slab will be cast to form monolithic slabs. International application WO 9315287. published on June 15, 1997, describes a metal armor that can be used to form beams, said armor consisting of an upper cord and two lower cords joined by diagonal stirrups dotted on the cords.
La patente CZ 5428, cuyo inventor es Erge Lotear, publicada el 12 de febrero de 1997, describe y protege varias versiones de armaduras metálicas que se pueden usar para fabricar vigas de alma abierta con un tacón de concreto inferior, o se pueden usar sólo las armaduras requiriendo el uso de cimbras de base. La armadura consta se dos cordones superiores y dos cordones inferiores, la separación entre los cordones superiores es mayor que la separación entre los cordones inferiores, dichos cordones conectados entre sí por medio de elementos diagonales que definen una trama complicada. La patente de los Estados Unidos de América USP 5,448,866, para MakotoPatent CZ 5428, whose inventor is Erge Lotear, published on February 12, 1997, describes and protects several versions of metal reinforcements that can be used to make open-heart beams with a lower concrete heel, or only the reinforcements requiring the use of basic formwork. The reinforcement consists of two upper cords and two lower cords, the separation between the upper cords is greater than the separation between the lower cords, said cords connected to each other by means of diagonal elements that define a complicated weft. United States patent USP 5,448,866, for Makoto
Saito y colaboradores, publicada el 12 de septiembre de 1995, describe y protege una armadura metálica prefabricada para construir vigas prefabricadas, dicha armadura consta de dos cordones superiores contiguos que flanquean a elementos diagonales los cuales a su vez conectan a los cordones inferiores paralelos y separados entre sí una distancia para formar un perfil de armadura con una forma ligeramente triangular. Saito et al., Published on September 12, 1995, describes and protects a prefabricated metal armor to build prefabricated beams, said armor consists of two contiguous upper cords flanking diagonal elements which in turn connect the parallel and separated lower cords. each other a distance to form a profile of armor with a slightly triangular shape.
La patente de los Estados Unidos de América USP 4,494,349, para Arthur C. Clements, publicada el 22 de enero de 1985, describe y protege una armadura metálica de grosor uniforme cuyos elementos se unen por punteadota, definen una armadura en forma de canal con un cordón inferior y dos cordones superiores conectados por elementos diagonales. La patente Española P0464497, para Antonio Petrilli, publicada el 01 de enero de 1979, describe armaduras para vigas prefabricadas de alma abierta, dichas armaduras con un tacón inferior de concreto que ahoga una armadura inferior y en cuyos bordes laterales tiene asociado una tira de metal angular. BREVE DESCRIPCIÓN DE LA INVENCIÓN. United States patent USP 4,494,349, to Arthur C. Clements, published on January 22, 1985, describes and protects armor metal of uniform thickness whose elements are joined by a prick, define a channel-shaped armor with a lower cord and two upper cords connected by diagonal elements. The Spanish patent P0464497, for Antonio Petrilli, published on January 1, 1979, describes reinforcements for prefabricated open-beam beams, said reinforcements with a lower concrete heel that drowns a lower reinforcement and on whose side edges a metal strip is associated angular. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION.
Es un objeto de la presente invención proporcionar una trabe prefabricada auto-sustentada de alma abierta, con una armadura superior y un tacón de concreto inferior.. It is an object of the present invention to provide a self-supported prefabricated open-hearted bar, with an upper reinforcement and a lower concrete heel.
Es también un objeto de la presente invención proporcionar una trabe prefabricada de alma abierta en cuya primera fase trabaja como armadura. It is also an object of the present invention to provide a prefabricated open soul bar whose first phase works as armor.
Es otro objeto de la presente invención proporcionar una trabe prefabricada de alma abierta en cuya segunda fase, colada, trabaja como viga doblemente armada. Es todavía un objeto de la presente invención proporcionar una trabe auto- sustentable que permite un colado monolítico con las losas, ello con ventajas estructurales incrementadas. Es aún un objeto de la presente invención proporcionar una trabe auto- sustentable con un refuerzo de estribos verticales colocados transversal mente a partir del centro del claro de la trabe. It is another object of the present invention to provide a prefabricated open-hearted beam in whose second phase, casting, works as a double armed beam. It is still an object of the present invention to provide a self-supporting bar that allows monolithic casting with the slabs, this with increased structural advantages. It is still an object of the present invention to provide a self-sustaining beam with a reinforcement of vertical stirrups positioned transversely from the center of the clearing of the beam.
Es otro objeto de la presente invención proporcionar una trabe auto- sustentable, reforzada en los extremos y sólo apoyada por los mismos y no necesita cimbra. It is another object of the present invention to provide a self-sustaining bar, reinforced at the ends and only supported by them and does not need formwork.
Es todavía otro objeto de la presente invención proporcionar una modalidad de trabe, apoyada por los extremos y por un puntal en el centro del claro. It is still another object of the present invention to provide a locking mode, supported by the ends and by a strut in the center of the clearing.
Es también otro objeto de la presente invención proporcionar una trabe auto- sustentable de alma abierta, formadas con un cordón superior, dos cordones inferiores paralelos y una armadura con elementos diagonales y verticales, así como refuerzo de extremo. It is also another object of the present invention to provide a self-sustaining open-heart bar, formed with an upper cord, two parallel lower strands and a reinforcement with diagonal and vertical elements, as well as end reinforcement.
Es todavía otro objeto de la presente invención proporcionar una trabe auto- sustentable de alma abierta para cubrir claros de hasta 9.0 m. BREVE DESCRIPCIÓN DE LAS FIGURAS. It is still another object of the present invention to provide a self-sustaining open-hearted beam to cover clearings of up to 9.0 m. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES.
La figura 1 A, es una vista en corte transversal de una trabe de carga peraltada de la presente invención que requiere la cimbra de los costados. Figure 1A is a cross-sectional view of a cantilever load bar of the present invention that requires the formwork of the sides.
La figura 1 B, es una vista en perspectiva de la trabe de carga peraltada. Figure 1 B, is a perspective view of the banned load bar.
La figura 2 A, es una vista en corte transversal de una trabe de rigidez peraltada que posee refuerzos o cordones laterales longitudinales que sujetan a las viguetas de la losa o trabe de menor carga. Figure 2A, is a cross-sectional view of a rigid stiffening beam that has reinforcements or longitudinal lateral cords that hold the joists of the slab or lower load beam.
La figura 2 B, es una vista en perspectiva de la trabe de rigidez peraltada. Figure 2B, is a perspective view of the stiffening stiffening bar.
La figura 3 A, es una vista en corte transversal de una trabe de carga de la presente invención ahogada en el espesor del concreto de la losa. Figure 3A is a cross-sectional view of a load bar of the present invention drowned in the thickness of the slab concrete.
La figura 3 B, es una vista en perspectiva de la trabe de carga ahogada en el espesor del concreto de la losa. La figura 4 A, es una vista en corte transversal de una trabe de rigidez de la presente invención ahogada en el espesor del concreto de la losa. Figure 3 B is a perspective view of the choked load bar in the thickness of the slab concrete. Figure 4A is a cross-sectional view of a stiffening bar of the present invention drowned in the thickness of the slab concrete.
La figura 4 B, es una vista en perspectiva de la trabe de rigidez ahogada en el espesor del concreto de la losa. La figura 5, es una vista en perspectiva de la trabe de rigidez de la presente invención apoyada sobre columnas. Figure 4B is a perspective view of the stiffened stiffener in the thickness of the slab concrete. Figure 5 is a perspective view of the stiffening lock of the present invention supported on columns.
La figura 6, es una vista en perspectiva de la trabe de rigidez de la presente invención apoyada sobre columnas con un puntal central. Figure 6 is a perspective view of the stiffening bar of the present invention supported on columns with a central strut.
La figura 7, es una vista en perspectiva de la trabe de rigidez de la presente invención adicionada con refuerzos como son estribos verticales y bastones de continuidad ubicados sobre el tacón de concreto. Figure 7 is a perspective view of the stiffening of the present invention added with reinforcements such as vertical stirrups and continuity poles located on the concrete heel.
La figura 8, es una vista en perspectiva de la trabe de rigidez de la presente invención apoyada sobre columnas, el puntal central y las viguetas transversales de la losa sobre dichas trabes de alma abierta. La figura 9, es una vista en perspectiva que muestra un aditamento estructural o nervio de temperatura ubicado en el centro transversal a las viguetas y paralelo a las trabes, sobre el emparrillado de la losa. Figure 8 is a perspective view of the rigidity of the present invention supported on columns, the central strut and the transverse joists of the slab on said open soul beams. Figure 9 is a perspective view showing a structural attachment or temperature nerve located in the center transverse to the joists and parallel to the beams, on the slab grid.
La figura 10, es una vista en perspectiva que muestra el nervio de temperatura transversal a las viguetas y paralelo a las trabes, en el centro del emparrillado de la losa, también las bovedillas cubriendo los espacios entre las viguetas. La figura 1 1 , es una vista en perspectiva que muestra el nervio de temperatura transversal a las viguetas y paralelo a las trabes, en el centro del emparrillado de la losa, las bovedillas que cubren los espacios entre viguetas e impiden el derrame del concreto vaciado sobre las mismas. Figure 10 is a perspective view showing the temperature rib transverse to the joists and parallel to the beams, in the center of the slab grid, also the vaults covering the spaces between the joists. Figure 1 1 is a perspective view showing the temperature rib transverse to the joists and parallel to the beams, in the center of the slab grid, the vaults that cover the spaces between joists and prevent the spillage of the emptied concrete about them.
La figura 12, es una vista en perspectiva que muestra una trabe del estado de la técnica con armadura y tacón inferior de concreto, dicha trabe se usa en losas y sobre un molde ligero. La figura 13, es una vista en perspectiva que muestra una trabe del estado de la técnica con armadura, tacón inferior de concreto y topes de extremo, dicha trabe se usa en losas y sobre un molde ligero. Figure 12 is a perspective view showing a state-of-the-art trab with reinforcement and lower concrete heel, said trab is used in slabs and on a light mold. Figure 13 is a perspective view showing a state of the art link with reinforcement, concrete bottom heel and end stops, said beam is used in slabs and on a light mold.
La figura 14, es una vista lateral que muestra la armadura de las trabes de la presente invención, los cordones longitudinales superior, intermedios, inferiores, estribos verticales, estribos inclinados y conectores de cortante en los extremos. Figure 14 is a side view showing the reinforcement of the beams of the present invention, the upper, intermediate, lower longitudinal cords, vertical stirrups, inclined stirrups and shear connectors at the ends.
DESCRIPCIÓN DETALLADA DE LA INVENCION Una trabe auto-sustentable de alma abierta que trabaja en una primera fase como armadura, fabricadas con varilla de alta resistencia Fy = 4200 kg/cm2, con un cordón superior, cordones intermedio e inferiores paralelos, elementos diagonales que unen a los cordones inferiores con el cordón superior, los cordones inferiores y parte de la armadura correspondiente está ahogada en concreto que forma un tacón inferior de concreto armado con un Fe = 200 kg/cm2 de resistencia, la vigueta de alma abierta así formada es auto-sustentable, es decir, sólo se apoya en sus extremos sin la necesidad de cimbra para el colado de la losa, en la modalidad de no auto-sustentable, en claros grandes, se refuerzo sólo con puntales al centro del claro. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION A self-sustaining open-heart lock that works in a first phase as armor, manufactured with high strength rod Fy = 4200 kg / cm 2 , with an upper cord, parallel intermediate and lower cords, diagonal elements that join the lower cords with the upper cord, the lower cords and part of the corresponding armor is choked in concrete that forms a heel Reinforced concrete bottom with a Fe = 200 kg / cm 2 of resistance, the open-shaped joist thus formed is self-sustainable, that is, it only rests on its ends without the need for formwork for casting the slab, in the non-self-sustainable modality, in large clearings, is reinforced only with struts at the center of the clearing.
La trabe se calcula como una armadura considerando que los cordones inferiores tengan el acero suficiente comparable a la viga tradicional con todo su cuerpo rectangular, para absorber las tensiones que provoca el esfuerzo de flexión; el cordón superior y los cordones intermedios e inferiores están ligados por una armadura formada por elementos diagonales enfrentados en forma de triangulo, cuyo vértice superior está ligado a las caras laterales del cordón superior y cuya base está ligada a cada uno de los cordones inferiores en una relación enfrentada coincidente, dichos elementos le dan a la vigueta un factor de seguridad incrementado de hasta el doble para absorber la tensión diagonal que se llegue a producir en el caso de un terremoto. The lock is calculated as an armor considering that the lower cords have enough steel comparable to the traditional beam with its entire rectangular body, to absorb the stresses caused by the bending effort; the upper cord and the intermediate and lower cords are linked by a reinforcement formed by diagonal elements facing each other in the shape of a triangle, whose upper vertex is linked to the lateral faces of the upper cord and whose base is linked to each of the lower cords in a facing opposite relationship, these elements give the joist an increased safety factor of up to double to absorb the diagonal tension that occurs in the event of an earthquake.
En la industria de la construcción existen dos clases de prefabricados, prefabricación ligera e intermedia utilizadas en la construcción de casa habitación; la prefabricación pesada, totalmente colada en sitio por su gran peso y tamaño, y normalmente la mayoría de trabes prefabricadas pertenecen al rubro de la prefabricación pesada, utilizada en puentes, vialidades y edificios de gran tamaño. No existen trabes de prefabricación ligera de alma abierta que permite suprimir la cimbra inferior de la misma y también permite el terminado parcial en obra. Todas la trabes del estado de la técnica se calculan para una cierta resistencia a lo largo de todo el cuerpo de la misma, por lo que en un sismo es posible que cedan a la rótula plástica y la tensión diagonal que hacen colapsar la estructura de la construcción. La rótula plástica se presenta en la unión de columnas con trabes y consiste en que el concreto alcanza una resistencia a la compresión mayor a la que fue diseñado, por ejemplo con un Fe = 200 kg/cm2 y en el terremoto alcanza una resistencia de Fe = 350 kg/cm2, por lo que el concreto se hace polvo y falla; el acero alcanza una resistencia a la tensión mayor a la que fue diseñado, Fy = 4200 kg/cm2, y en el terremoto alcanza una resistencia de Fy = 6000 kg/cm2, por lo que el acero fluye, se deforma y falla. La aparición de grietas por tensión diagonal obedece a que al momento del terremoto la estructura tiene la sumatoria de varios esfuerzos que provocan la tensión diagonal, falla y hace que la estructura colapse. Las estructuras prefabricadas ligeras o pesadas no resuelven estas dos clases de problemas. In the construction industry there are two kinds of prefabricated, light and intermediate prefabrication used in the construction of house room; heavy prefabrication, fully cast on site due to its great weight and size, and normally most prefabricated beams belong to the heavy prefabrication item, used in bridges, roads and large buildings. There are no lightweight prefabrication open-heart beams that can suppress the lower form of the same and also allows partial completion on site. All the The trabs of the state of the art are calculated for a certain resistance throughout the entire body thereof, so that in an earthquake it is possible that they give way to the plastic patella and the diagonal tension that cause the construction structure to collapse. The plastic kneecap is presented at the junction of columns with beams and consists in the fact that the concrete reaches a compressive strength greater than that designed, for example with a Fe = 200 kg / cm 2 and in the earthquake it reaches a resistance of Fe = 350 kg / cm 2 , so the concrete becomes dust and fails; steel reaches a strength greater tension that was designed, Fy = 4200 kg / cm 2, and in the earthquake reaches a resistance Fy = 6000 kg / cm 2, so that the steel flows, deforms and fails . The appearance of cracks by diagonal tension is due to the fact that at the time of the earthquake the structure has the sum of several efforts that cause the diagonal tension, fails and causes the structure to collapse. Light or heavy prefabricated structures do not solve these two kinds of problems.
Las trabes de la presente invención se calculan como una armadura donde llevan en un cordón inferior todo el acero que contiene la trabe tradicional del estado de la técnica, ello para absorber las tensiones que provoca el esfuerzo de flexión; en la parte superior lleva parte del acero que la trabe tradicional, las partes superior e inferior están ligadas por cuerdas diagonales de acero de refuerzo formando con ello una armadura en cuya parte inferior tiene un tacón de concreto, adicionalmente sobre el tacón de concreto la trabe lleva bastones de continuidad unidos por medio de estribos verticales que en conjunto le dan a la trabe de la presente invención un factor de seguridad del doble para poder absorber la tensión diagonal que se puede presentar en caso de un terremoto. En los extremos de la trabe y unidos a la armadura se colocan unos conectores de cortante que se apoyan en la columna y soportan el doble de carga que puede transmitir la trabe a la columna con el objeto de resistir la rótula plástica, la trabe no colapsa porque sigue apoyada en la columna gracias al refuerzo adicional que proporcionan los conectores de cortante que resisten la elevada carga producida. The beams of the present invention are calculated as a reinforcement where they carry in a lower cord all the steel that contains the traditional lock of the state of the art, this to absorb the tensions caused by the bending effort; in the upper part it carries part of the steel that the traditional lock, the upper and lower parts are linked by diagonal ropes of reinforcing steel, thereby forming a reinforcement in whose lower part it has a concrete heel, additionally on the concrete heel it carries continuity poles joined by means of vertical stirrups that together give the safety of the present invention a double safety factor to be able to absorb the diagonal tension that can be Present in case of an earthquake. At the ends of the beam and attached to the frame, shear connectors are placed that rest on the column and support twice the load that the beam can transmit to the column in order to resist the plastic ball joint, the beam does not collapse because it remains supported on the column thanks to the additional reinforcement provided by shear connectors that resist the high load produced.
La trabe de la presente invención está diseñada estratégicamente en planta, la cual en el momento del terremoto dicha trabe trabaja como una armadura colada con concreto y los conectores de cortante logran que siga apoyada sobre la columna a pesar de la rótula plástica generada por el terremoto, de esta manera evita que el edificio colapse y abre la posibilidad de que pueda ser reparado en el caso de presentar daños. Las trabes de la presente solicitud tienen un tacón inferior colado de concreto de 0.04m de grosor para eliminar totalmente el fondo de madera de la cimbra que generalmente llevan las trabes al momento de colarse en sitio, requiriendo solamente la cimbra de los costados de dicha trabe, requieren también de apuntalamiento de acuerdo a los requerimientos determinados por la longitud de la trabe. La fabricación de las trabes de alma abierta de la presente solicitud se arman en planta de acuerdo con los planos estructurales de la construcción, sin necesidad de cálculos especiales, las trabes junto con la losa permiten construir un colado monolítico que evita grietas y humedades futuras. Las trabes se construyen con un cordón superior y al menos dos cordones inferiores paralelos separados una cierta distancia, adicional a los cordones tiene una armadura con estribos inclinados, estribos verticales y conectores de cortante en los extremos. Las figuras 1 A y 1 B, muestran una vista en corte transversal y perspectiva de una trabe de carga de la presente solicitud, dicha trabe colocada en la losa de una construcción en medio de dos bovedillas (2 y 3) soportadas cada una por la cimbra (9) de los costados de la trabe (1 ) cuya armadura cosiste en un cordón superior (6) en cuyas caras laterales se une una armadura lateral con estribos diagonales e inclinados (7), es decir, dichos estribos se encuentran empalmados al cordón superior, dichos estribos inclinados se unen cada uno a la cara interna de un cordón inferior (8) para formar una sección transversal de forma piramidal triangular, los cuales se encuentran en un par paralelos en la base de la estructura, los estribos diagonales se unen a los cordones por medio de soldadura, formando así una de las modalidades de la armadura de las trabes de la presente invención, la sección inferior de la trabe se ahoga en concreto en una capa de 0.04m de espesor, de tal manera que los cordones inferiores junto con la unión de los estribos diagonales quedan ahogados en el concreto que al fraguar forma un tacón (5) de concreto armado de 0.04m de espesor. La trabe peraltada como la de la presente figura requiere de una cimbra con dos costados (9) sujetos entre sí por medio de un perno horizontal, una vez colocada la cimbra lateral en los costados de la trabe (1 ) se procede a vaciar el concreto creando una losa con una capa de compresión (4) de 0.04m de grosor en la cara superior de dicha losa construida sin necesidad de cimbra, sólo el uso de la cimbra de costados y de puntales intermedios que sujetan a la trabe. Las figuras 2 A y 2B, muestran una vista en corte transversal y perspectiva de una trabe de rigidez (20) peraltada en la losa, dicha trabe (20) soportada por los extremos en una columna, la trabe a su vez soporta las viguetas (29) de la losa que también están compuestas de una armadura con estribos laterales inclinados (22), un cordón superior (21 ) y un tacón de concreto inferior (23), dichas viguetas (29) por medio de los extremos de los cordones inferiores (24) de las viguetas se apoyan sobre cordones laterales intermedios (25) unidos por soldadura a las caras exteriores de los estribos diagonales (7), con lo anterior se desprende que una trabe de rigidez está más reforzada que una trabe de carga, ya que la trabe de rigidez posee los cordones laterales intermedios adicionales (25), además del cordón superior (6) y los dos cordones paralelos inferiores (8) ahogados en el concreto del tacón (5) inferior y que forma un cuerpo de carga y resistencia rígido que evita el uso de cimbra de base para el colado del resto de la trabe en sitio, los cordones superior, intermedios e inferiores se unen por medio de los estribos diagonales (7). La trabe peraltada de este ejemplo también requiere de la cimbra de costados (no mostrada) para poder vaciar el concreto y colar la losa que forma un cuerpo monolítico junto con las trabes y viguetas, dicho cuerpo monolítico con una capa superior de compresión de 0.04m de espesor de concreto que evita el paso de humedad y solventes y con ello elimina el deterioro de la armadura. En esta modalidad en particular de uso de las trabes de la presente invención las bovedillas (no mostradas) se colocan sobre los bordes de los costados de las viguetas (29) y más propiamente sobre los bordes del tacón (23) de concreto característico de las trabes y viguetas de la presente invención. Las figuras 3 A y 3B, muestran una vista en corte transversal y perspectiva de una trabe de carga ahogada en la losa (30), dicha trabe (30) soportada por los extremos en una columna a través de los extremos de los cordones (8) provistos a su vez con un conector de apoyo o conector de cortante, la trabe a su vez soporta las viguetas (29) de la losa que también están compuestas de una armadura con estribos laterales inclinados (22), un cordón superior (21) y un tacón de concreto inferior (23), dichas viguetas (29) en esta modalidad poseen un conector de cortante (26) unido a los estribos diagonales (22), dicho conector se apoya sobre la superficie superior del tacón (5) de la trabe, la trabe (30) además del cordón superior (6) y los dos cordones paralelos inferiores (8) ahogados en el concreto del tacón (5) inferior se apoyan sobre una columna y que forma un cuerpo de carga y resistencia rígido que evita el uso de cimbra de base para el colado del resto de la trabe en sitio, los cordones superior, inferiores se unen por medio de los estribos diagonales (7). La trabe ahogada al vaciar el concreto y colar la losa que forma un cuerpo monolítico junto con las trabes y viguetas, dicho cuerpo monolítico con una capa superior de compresión de 0.04m de espesor de concreto que evita el paso de humedad y solventes y con ello elimina el deterioro de la armadura. En esta modalidad en particular de uso de las trabes de la presente invención las bovedillas (no mostradas) se colocan sobre los bordes de los costados de las viguetas (29) y más propiamente sobre los bordes del tacón (23) de concreto característico de las trabes y viguetas de la presente invención. The beam of the present invention is strategically designed in plan, which at the time of the earthquake said beam works as a cast armor with concrete and the shear connectors make it remain supported on the column despite the plastic ball generated by the earthquake , in this way it prevents the building from collapsing and opens the possibility that it can be repaired in case of damage. The trabs of the present application have a concrete cast bottom heel of 0.04m thickness to completely eliminate the wooden bottom of the formwork that the weights usually carry when sneaking into place, requiring only the formwork of the sides of said trab , also require shoring in accordance with the requirements determined by the length of the lock. The fabrication of the open soul beams of the present application is assembled in plan according to the structural plans of the construction, without the need for special calculations, the beams together with the slab allow the construction of a monolithic casting that avoids cracks and future dampness. The beams are constructed with an upper bead and at least two parallel lower beads separated a certain distance, in addition to the beadings it has an armature with inclined stirrups, vertical stirrups and shear connectors at the ends. Figures 1 A and 1 B show a cross-sectional and perspective view of a load bar of the present application, said bar placed on the slab of a construction in the middle of two vaults (2 and 3) each supported by the formwork (9) of the sides of the beam (1) whose armor sews on an upper cord (6) on whose lateral faces a lateral reinforcement is joined with diagonal and inclined stirrups (7), that is, said stirrups are spliced at the upper cord, said inclined stirrups are each joined to the inner face of a lower cord (8) to form a triangular pyramidal cross-section, which are in a parallel pair at the base of the structure, the diagonal stirrups are they join the cords by means of welding, thus forming one of the modalities of the reinforcement of the beams of the present invention, the lower section of the beam drowns in concrete in a 0.04m thick layer, such that the lower cords together with the diagonal stirrups are drowned in the concrete that forms a heel (5) of reinforced concrete 0.04m thick. The barred beam like the one in the present figure requires a formwork with two sides (9) held together by means of a horizontal bolt, once the side form is placed on the sides of the beam (1) the concrete is emptied creating a slab with a compression layer (4) of 0.04m thickness on the upper face of said slab constructed without the need for formwork, only the use of the formwork of sides and intermediate struts that hold the beam. Figures 2 A and 2B show a cross-sectional and perspective view of a stiffening beam (20) cant in the slab, said beam (20) supported by the ends in a column, the beam in turn supports the joists ( 29) of the slab which are also composed of a reinforcement with inclined side stirrups (22), an upper bead (21) and a lower concrete heel (23), said joists (29) by means of the ends of the lower cords (24) of the joists are supported on intermediate lateral cords (25) welded together to the outer faces of the diagonal stirrups (7), with the foregoing it follows that a stiffening bar is more reinforced than a load bar, since that the rigidity lock has the additional intermediate lateral cords (25), in addition to the upper cord (6) and the two lower parallel cords (8) drowned in the concrete of the lower heel (5) and which forms a load and resistance body rigid that avoids the use of basic formwork for casting the rest of the bar in place, the upper, intermediate and lower cords are joined by means of the diagonal stirrups (7). The cantilever of this example also requires the formwork of sides (not shown) to be able to empty the concrete and cast the slab that forms a monolithic body together with the beams and joists, said monolithic body with an upper compression layer of 0.04m of concrete thickness that prevents the passage of moisture and solvents and thereby eliminates the deterioration of the reinforcement. In this particular mode of use of the beams of the present invention, the vaults (not shown) are placed on the edges of the sides of the joists (29) and more properly on the edges of the concrete heel (23) characteristic of the beams and joists of the present invention. Figures 3 A and 3B show a cross-sectional and perspective view of a load bar drowned in the slab (30), said bar (30) supported by the ends in a column through the ends of the cords (8 ) provided in turn with a support connector or shear connector, the lock in turn supports the joists (29) of the slab that are also composed of a reinforcement with inclined side stirrups (22), an upper cord (21) and a lower concrete heel (23), said joists (29) in this embodiment have a shear connector (26) attached to the diagonal stirrups (22), said connector rests on the upper surface of the heel (5) of the lock, the lock (30) in addition to the upper cord (6) and the two lower parallel cords (8) drowned in the concrete of the lower heel (5) rest on a column and form a rigid load and resistance body that prevents the use of basic formwork for casting the rest of the lock on site, what s upper, lower cords are joined by means of diagonal stirrups (7). The choked bar when emptying the concrete and casting the slab that forms a monolithic body together with the beams and joists, said monolithic body with a compression layer of 0.04m thick concrete that prevents the passage of moisture and solvents and with it Eliminates armor deterioration. In this particular mode of use of the beams of the present invention, the vaults (not shown) are placed on the edges of the sides of the joists (29) and more properly on the edges of the concrete heel (23) characteristic of the beams and joists of the present invention.
Las figuras 4 A y 4B, muestran una vista en corte transversal y perspectiva de una trabe de rigidez (40) ahogada en la losa como una modalidad de la presente solicitud, dicha trabe colocada en la losa de una construcción en medio de dos bovedillas (2 y 3) soportadas cada una por los costados del tacón (5) de la trabe (40) cuya armadura cosiste en un cordón superior (6) en cuyas caras laterales se une una armadura lateral con estribos diagonales e inclinados (7), dichos estribos inclinados se unen cada uno a la cara interna de un cordón inferior (8), los cuales se encuentran en un par paralelos en la base de la estructura, los estribos diagonales se unen a los cordones por medio de soldadura, formando así una de las modalidades de la armadura de las trabes de la presente invención, la sección inferior de la trabe se ahoga en concreto en una capa de 0.04m de espesor, de tal manera que los cordones inferiores junto con la unión de los estribos diagonales quedan ahogados en el concreto que al fraguar forma un tacón (5) de concreto armado de 0.04m de espesor. La trabe ahogada en el concreto de la losa como la de la presente figura no requiere de cimbra de base, una vez colocada trabe y bovedillas laterales se procede a vaciar el concreto creando una losa con una capa de compresión (4) de 0.04m de grosor en la cara superior de dicha losa construida sin necesidad de cimbra, sólo el uso de puntales intermedios que sujetan a la trabe. Figures 4 A and 4B show a cross-sectional and perspective view of a stiffening bar (40) drowned in the slab as an embodiment of the present. request, said trab placed on the slab of a construction in the middle of two vaults (2 and 3) each supported by the sides of the heel (5) of the trab (40) whose armor sews on an upper cord (6) in which Side faces are joined by a side armor with diagonal and inclined stirrups (7), said inclined stirrups are each joined to the inner face of a lower cord (8), which are in a parallel pair at the base of the structure, the diagonal stirrups are joined to the cords by means of welding, thus forming one of the modalities of the reinforcement of the beams of the present invention, the lower section of the beam drowns in concrete in a 0.04m thick layer, of such that the lower cords together with the diagonal stirrups are drowned in the concrete that forms a heel (5) of reinforced concrete 0.04m thick. The drowned beam in the concrete of the slab as the one in the present figure does not require a base formwork, once the beam and side vaults are placed, the concrete is emptied creating a slab with a compression layer (4) of 0.04m of thickness on the upper face of said slab constructed without need of formwork, only the use of intermediate struts that hold the bar.
La figura 5, es una vista en perspectiva (50) de la colocación de la trabe de rigidez sobre columnas (51 ), en este caso la trabe prefabricada de alma abierta posee en sus extremos un conector de apoyo (28) o conector de cortante cuya función es de aumentar la rigidez de la armadura en los extremos de la trabe prefabricada de alma abierta de la presente invención, dicho aumento de rigidez habilita a dicha trabe para soportar la rótula plástica en el momento que se presente en un terremoto. Sobre la columna (51 ) se ubican los extremos de las trabes de alma abierta de la presente invención que constan de un tacón inferior (5) de concreto encima del cual sobresale la armadura de la misma compuesta de los estribos laterales continuos (7) unidos a los costados del cordón superior (6). El objeto de la presente invención es fabricar trabes de alma abierta que contengan en los cordones inferiores todo el acero que tendría una trabe del estado de la técnica para absorber las tensiones que provoca el esfuerzo de flexión y en la parte superior lleva acero de refuerzo formando una armadura ligada por elementos diagonales. Figure 5 is a perspective view (50) of the placement of the stiffening bar on columns (51), in this case the prefabricated open-hearted beam has at its ends a support connector (28) or shear connector whose function is to increase the stiffness of the reinforcement at the ends of the prefabricated open-heartbeat of the present invention, said increase in rigidity enables said beam to withstand the plastic kneecap at the time it occurs in an earthquake. On the column (51) the ends of the trabs of open soul of the present invention consisting of a lower heel (5) of concrete above which the reinforcement thereof composed of the continuous lateral stirrups (7) attached to the sides of the upper cord (6) protrudes. The object of the present invention is to manufacture open-heart beams that contain in the lower cords all the steel that would have a lock of the state of the art to absorb the stresses caused by the bending effort and in the upper part it has reinforcing steel forming an armor linked by diagonal elements.
En la figura 6, la vista en perspectiva (52) solamente se agregan los puntales (53) al centro de las trabes para el apoyo del tacón de concreto (5) de la trabe, la armadura compuesta por los estribos diagonales (7), el cordón superior (6) y los conectores de cortante (28) en los extremos de la trabe apoyados sobre la columna (51 ), que en cooperación forman el esqueleto de la construcción. La figura 7, es una vista en perspectiva de una modalidad de trabe soportada por columnas (51 ), la modalidad preferida presentada en la figura 7, posee acero adicional de refuerzo como estribos verticales (71) y refuerzos superiores (70), inferiores (72), dicho acero de refuerzo se coloca encima del tacón de concreto (5) formando una cadena estructural rectangular adicional a la armadura de la trabe de alma abierta descrita anteriormente, es decir, adicional al tacón inferior y a la armadura con. estribos diagonales y cordón superior. El acero adicional sobre el tacón (5) consta de dos pares de bastones de continuidad (70 y 72) que le dan un refuerzo superior a la trabe de alma abierta, también se adicionan estribos verticales (71) para formar una armadura adicional sobrepuesta al tacón (5), la trabe así formada con estribos diagonales, más los bastones de continuidad y los estribos verticales proporciona un factor de seguridad doble para absorber la tensión diagonal sobre el cuerpo de la trabe. En los extremos de la armadura de la trabe de alma abierta se colocan conectores de cortante (28) que apoyan sobre la columna, con ello soportan el doble de carga que la trabe puede transmitir a la columna, la adición de los conectores de cortante resuelve con ello el colapso por rótula plástica, Para trabes que sólo se soportan en la columna y que además pasan sobre la misma, se colocan bastones de continuidad seccionados a los de la armadura adicional, cuyo objetivo es aumentar el acero sobre la columna y que esté en relación de continuidad con las trabes, dichos bastones seccionados se adicionan a los bastones de continuidad de la armadura sobrepuesta al tacón de concreto de la trabe. In Figure 6, the perspective view (52) only the struts (53) are added to the center of the beams for the support of the concrete heel (5) of the beam, the reinforcement composed of the diagonal stirrups (7), the upper bead (6) and the shear connectors (28) at the ends of the beam resting on the column (51), which in cooperation form the skeleton of the construction. Figure 7 is a perspective view of a column-supported beam mode (51), the preferred embodiment presented in Figure 7, has additional reinforcing steel such as vertical stirrups (71) and upper reinforcements (70), lower ( 72), said reinforcing steel is placed on top of the concrete heel (5) forming an additional rectangular structural chain to the reinforcement of the open-heartbeat described above, that is, additional to the lower heel and the reinforcement with. diagonal stirrups and upper cord. The additional steel on the heel (5) consists of two pairs of continuity poles (70 and 72) that give a superior reinforcement to the open-heartbeat, vertical stirrups (71) are also added to form an additional reinforcement superimposed on the heel (5), the trab Thus formed with diagonal stirrups, plus continuity poles and vertical stirrups provides a double safety factor to absorb the diagonal tension on the body of the beam. Shear connectors (28) are placed on the ends of the frame of the open-core beam that rest on the column, thereby supporting twice the load that the beam can transmit to the column, the addition of the shear connectors resolves with it the collapse by plastic patella, For trabs that only support on the column and that also pass on it, continuity poles are placed sectioned to those of the additional reinforcement, whose objective is to increase the steel on the column and that is in relation to continuity with the beams, said sectioned canes are added to the continuity canes of the reinforcement superimposed on the concrete heel of the trab.
La figura 8, es una vista en perspectiva que muestra las trabes de rigidez sobre columnas, pero sin la armadura adicional con bastones de continuidad y estribos verticales de la figura 7, en esta vista se muestran cuatro trabes apoyadas en columnas (51 ) por medio de los conectores de cortante (28) y con el tacón inferior (5) soportado cada uno por un puntal central (53); sobre la superficie superior de los tacones (5) se apoyan las viguetas de alma abierta (29), con la separación de dichas viguetas paralelas se forman espacios vacíos en los cuales se colocan bovedillas que cierran dichos espacios y estar en disponibilidad de colar la losa así formada estructuralmente. La figura 9, muestra un refuerzo adicional de losa formada con las trabes perimetrales de alma abierta de la presente invención, dicho refuerzo forma el conjunto (90) de armado de losa y trabes, al que se adiciona un refuerzo superior (91) transversal a las viguetas, soportadas por las trabes y estas a su vez por los extremos de las mismas sobre las columnas y adicionalmente con un puntal central (53) para cada trabe de alma abierta. En la figura 10, se adiciona al esqueleto estructural de la figura 9, las bovedillas (2) que cubren los espacios vacíos entre viguetas (29), para la figura 1 1 , el concreto (92) ha sido vaciado en el cajón formado por la cimbra de costado (93) que ahoga a las viguetas (29), al nervio de temperatura (91 ), a las bovedillas (2) y las propias trabes soportadas por las columnas y el puntal (53). Figure 8 is a perspective view showing the rigidity bars on columns, but without the additional reinforcement with continuity poles and vertical stirrups of Figure 7, in this view four beams supported on columns (51) are shown by means of the shear connectors (28) and with the lower heel (5) each supported by a central strut (53); on the upper surface of the heels (5) the open-heart joists (29) are supported, with the separation of said parallel joists empty spaces are formed in which vaults are placed that close said spaces and be available to cast the slab so structurally formed. Figure 9 shows an additional slab reinforcement formed with the open soul perimeter beams of the present invention, said reinforcement forms the slab and beam assembly assembly (90), to which an upper reinforcement (91) is added transverse to the joists, supported by the beams and these in turn by the ends thereof on the columns and additionally with a central strut (53) for each open-hearted beam. In Figure 10, the vaults (2) covering the empty spaces between joists (29) are added to the structural skeleton of Figure 9, for Figure 1 1, the concrete (92) has been emptied into the drawer formed by the side formwork (93) that drowns the joists (29), the temperature rib (91), the vaults (2) and the beams themselves supported by the columns and the strut (53).
La figura 12, muestra una viga de alma abierta (120) del estado de la técnica, formada con cordones superior (122) e inferiores (121 ) unidos por electro- soldado a los elementos diagonales de la armadura (123) que tienen forma de triángulo unidos a los cordones inferiores (121 ) ahogados en el tacón de concreto (124). Dicha viga es estándar con material delgado electro-soldado sin ninguna otra armadura adicional que resuelva la rótula plástica y la tensión diagonal, el cordón superior está unido a la armadura de diagonales por un punto justo en el vértice superior de los elementos diagonales, es decir, está sobrepuesto sobre los mismos, no se manejan diferentes gruesos de cordones y elementos diagonales, tampoco diferentes alturas de los elementos diagonales para proporcionar resistencia incrementada de las viguetas. La figura 13, es una vista en perspectiva (130) de la viga de alma abierta del estado de la técnica de la figura 12, en esta modalidad dicha vigueta (130) cuenta con el patín de concreto (124) y se remata con un tope de extremo (125) que evita corrimientos involuntarios de la vigueta cuando se coloca en los moldes de poliuretano sobre los cual se apoya dicha viga, el molde tiene un canal intermedio que funciona como alojamiento de la vigueta ( 30) antes de ser vaciado el concreto para colar la losa, desde luego, previamente se coloca la cimbra que soporta el molde, las viguetas y el concreto vaciado, esta viga del estado de la técnica no prescinde de la cimbra necesaria en los colados de losas con elementos tradicionales del estado de la técnica. Figure 12 shows an open soul beam (120) of the state of the art, formed with upper (122) and lower (121) cords joined by electro-welding to the diagonal elements of the armature (123) in the form of triangle attached to the lower cords (121) drowned in the concrete heel (124). Said beam is standard with thin electro-welded material without any additional reinforcement that solves the plastic kneecap and diagonal tension, the upper bead is attached to the diagonal reinforcement by a point just at the top vertex of the diagonal elements, that is , it is superimposed on them, different thicknesses of cords and diagonal elements are not handled, nor different heights of the diagonal elements to provide increased strength of the joists. Figure 13 is a perspective view (130) of the open-heart beam of the state of the art of Figure 12, in this embodiment said joist (130) has the concrete skate (124) and is finished off with a end stop (125) that prevents involuntary run-offs of the joist when placed in the polyurethane molds on which said joist rests, the mold has an intermediate channel that functions as a housing for the joist (30) before being emptied concrete to cast the slab, of course, previously the formwork that supports the mold, the joists and the emptied concrete is placed, this beam of the prior art does not dispense with the necessary formwork in the slab castings with traditional elements of the state of The technique.
La figura 14, muestra una vista lateral de la armadura de varilla de alta resistencia Fy = 4200 kg/cm2 para una modalidad de trabe de la presente invención, posee un cordón superior (6) unido por soldadura a estribos diagonales laterales (7), el extremo superior de los estribos diagonales se unen a la cara lateral del cordón superior; un par de cordones intermedios (25) paralelos sobre los que se apoyan los extremos de la viguetas en una trabe peraltada; un par de cordones inferiores (8) paralelos a los que se unen los extremos inferiores de los estribos diagonales (7), el extremo de dichos cordones inferiores adicionalmente tienen conectores de cortante (28) que se apoyan sobre las columnas, con el objeto de soportar la rótula plástica; adicionalmente se coloca una armadura sobre el tacón de concreto (no mostrado) inferior, dicha armadura adicional consta de bastones de continuidad a lo largo de todo el cuerpo de la trabe, dichos bastones formando una armadura rectangular con los estribos verticales (71 ) distribuidos de manera regular, de tal manera que se colocan en una relación más cercana a los extremos de la trabe y más alejados entre sí en el centro de dicha trabe para aumentar el acero cerca de las columnas, ya que el objetivo es habilitar a la trabe para soportar la rótula plástica y la tensión diagonal. Figure 14 shows a side view of the high strength rod reinforcement Fy = 4200 kg / cm 2 for a locking mode of the present invention, it has an upper bead (6) joined by welding to side diagonal stirrups (7) , the upper end of the diagonal stirrups are attached to the lateral face of the upper cord; a pair of parallel intermediate cords (25) on which the ends of the joists rest on a banded bar; a pair of lower cords (8) parallel to which the lower ends of the diagonal stirrups (7) are joined, the end of said lower cords additionally have shear connectors (28) that rest on the columns, in order to support the plastic kneecap; additionally, a reinforcement is placed on the lower concrete heel (not shown), said additional reinforcement consists of continuity rods along the entire body of the lock, said rods forming a rectangular reinforcement with the vertical stirrups (71) distributed on a regular basis, in such a way that placed in a closer relationship to the ends of the trab and further away from each other in the center of said trab to increase the steel near the columns, since the objective is to enable the trab to support the plastic patella and the diagonal tension .

Claims

REIVINDICACIONES
1.- Una trabe prefabricada de alma abierta que consta de una armadura de varilla de alta resistencia y un tacón de concreto inferior que ahoga la parte inferior de la armadura y proporciona soporte a la trabe para ser colada en sitio, dicha trabe consta de: 1.- A prefabricated open-heartbeat consisting of a high-strength rod reinforcement and a lower concrete heel that drowns the lower part of the reinforcement and provides support to the beam to be cast on site, said beam consists of:
un cordón longitudinal superior como parte de la armadura que proporciona resistencia a la tensión diagonal;  an upper longitudinal cord as part of the reinforcement that provides resistance to diagonal tension;
estribos diagonales, cuyo extremo superior se encuentra unido por soldadura a cada lado del cordón superior y los extremos inferiores se encuentran unidos a las caras externas de los cordones inferiores, para proporcionar resistencia a la tensión diagonal;  diagonal stirrups, whose upper end is welded to each side of the upper cord and the lower ends are attached to the outer faces of the lower cords, to provide resistance to diagonal tension;
un par de cordones inferiores paralelos con una separación definida por la separación de los estribos diagonales o inclinados, donde dichos estribos diagonales se encuentran unidos a las caras externas de los cordones inferiores;  a pair of parallel lower cords with a separation defined by the separation of the diagonal or inclined stirrups, wherein said diagonal stirrups are attached to the outer faces of the lower cords;
un par de cordones longitudinales intermedios donde se soportan los extremos de unas viguetas de losa, además de proporcionar resistencia a la tensión diagonal;  a pair of intermediate longitudinal cords where the ends of slab joists are supported, in addition to providing resistance to diagonal tension;
conectores de apoyo trabe columna o conectores de cortante ubicados en los extremos de la trabe y propiamente en los extremos de los cordones inferiores para resistir la rótula plástica;  column lock support connectors or shear connectors located at the ends of the beam and properly at the ends of the lower cords to resist the plastic kneecap;
una estructura adicional sobrepuestas en el tacón de concreto inferior, que consta de bastones de continuidad longitudinal unidos en un arreglo rectangular por medio de estribos verticales que se arreglan en una relación que se aumenta el acero en los extremos de la trabe para ayudar a resistir la rótula plástica; an additional structure superimposed on the lower concrete heel, consisting of longitudinal continuity rods joined in a rectangular arrangement by means of vertical stirrups that are arranged in a relationship that increases the steel at the ends of the bar to help resist the plastic ball joint;
bastones de continuidad seccionados en las columnas para permitir el paso de la trabe sobre las mismas y aumentar la resistencia a la rótula plástica en la vecindad de las columnas;  continuity poles sectioned in the columns to allow the passage of the trab on them and increase the resistance to the plastic kneecap in the vicinity of the columns;
los costados de la trabe prefabricada se cuelan en sitio sólo con cimbra de los costados y sin necesidad de cimbra de la base.  The sides of the prefabricated beam are cast in place only with formwork of the sides and without the need for formwork of the base.
2. - La trabe prefabricada de alma abierta de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1 , caracterizada además porque los estribos diagonales están unidos a la cara lateral del cordón superior, es decir empalmados al mismo. 2. - The prefabricated open-heart bar according to claim 1, further characterized in that the diagonal stirrups are attached to the lateral face of the upper cord, that is to say spliced thereto.
3. - La trabe prefabricada de alma abierta de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1 , caracterizada además porque el acero ahogado en el tacón inferior de concreto es equivalente al acero que contiene una trabe del estado de la técnica, de modo que el acero de la armadura superior, estribos diagonales o inclinados y cordón superior le proporciona resistencia adicional incrementada a la trabe de la presente invención. 3. - The prefabricated open-heartbeat according to claim 1, further characterized in that the steel drowned in the lower concrete heel is equivalent to the steel that contains a prior art lock, so that the steel of the reinforcement upper, diagonal or inclined stirrups and upper bead provides additional increased resistance to the lock of the present invention.
4. - La trabe prefabricada de alma abierta de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1 , caracterizada además porque la sección transversal de la traba de alma abierta es de forma de pirámide triangular. 4. - The prefabricated open-heart bar according to claim 1, further characterized in that the cross-section of the open-soul lock is in the shape of a triangular pyramid.
5.- La trabe prefabricada de alma abierta de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1 , caracterizada además porque el tacón de concreto inferior tiene un grosor de 0.04 m. Y se encuentran ahogados los cordones inferiores de la armadura. 5. The prefabricated open-core bar according to claim 1, further characterized in that the lower concrete heel has a thickness of 0.04 m. And the lower cords of the armor are drowned.
6.- La trabe prefabricada de alma abierta de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1 , caracterizada además porque los bastones de continuidad longitudinal adicionales se colocan sobre el tacón de concreto inferior, dichos bastones se unen en una forma rectangular por medio de una pluralidad de estribos verticales rectangulares, es decir, se sobrepone otra trabe para resistir la tensión diagonal. 6. The prefabricated open-hearted bar according to claim 1, further characterized in that the additional longitudinal continuity rods are placed on the lower concrete heel, said rods are joined in a rectangular shape by means of a plurality of vertical stirrups rectangular, that is, another bar is superimposed to resist diagonal tension.
7.- La trabe prefabricada de alma abierta de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1 , caracterizada además porque en la unión de trabes con columnas se colocan cuatro bastones de continuidad seccionados, con el objeto de aumentar la resistencia a la rótula plástica en la vecindad de la columna. 7. The prefabricated open-core bar according to claim 1, further characterized in that four sectioned continuity poles are placed in the joint of columns with columns, in order to increase the resistance to the plastic kneecap in the vicinity of the column.
PCT/MX2010/000089 2009-11-17 2010-09-07 Prefabricated open-web girders WO2011062465A2 (en)

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CN112411621A (en) * 2020-10-26 2021-02-26 扬州工业职业技术学院 Assembling construction method of prefabricated comprehensive pipe gallery

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DE6601831U (en) * 1965-12-06 1969-03-20 Waagner Biro Ag Fa LIGHT STEEL CARRIER
US4081935A (en) * 1976-07-26 1978-04-04 Johns-Manville Corporation Building structure utilizing precast concrete elements
FR2560910A1 (en) * 1984-03-07 1985-09-13 Laville Cie H Beam for insulating floor.
WO2002014619A1 (en) * 2000-08-11 2002-02-21 Ezidek Pty Limited Lightweight suspended flooring system

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE6601831U (en) * 1965-12-06 1969-03-20 Waagner Biro Ag Fa LIGHT STEEL CARRIER
US4081935A (en) * 1976-07-26 1978-04-04 Johns-Manville Corporation Building structure utilizing precast concrete elements
FR2560910A1 (en) * 1984-03-07 1985-09-13 Laville Cie H Beam for insulating floor.
WO2002014619A1 (en) * 2000-08-11 2002-02-21 Ezidek Pty Limited Lightweight suspended flooring system

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112411621A (en) * 2020-10-26 2021-02-26 扬州工业职业技术学院 Assembling construction method of prefabricated comprehensive pipe gallery

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