WO2011062278A1 - Electronic circuit - Google Patents

Abstract

Disclosed is an electronic circuit, which is provided with a first hybrid circuit (10), and a second hybrid circuit (20). A first diode (D1) and a second diode (D2) are respectively connected to the first distribution terminal (T1) and the second distribution terminal (T2) of the first hybrid circuit. A third diode (D3) and a fourth diode (D4) are respectively connected to the first distribution terminal (T1) and the second distribution terminal (T2) of the second hybrid circuit with polarities different from those of the first diode and the second diode. The electronic circuit is so configured (30) as to output signals by performing reverse phase-power synthesis of output from the terminals of the first diode and the second diode, said terminals being on the sides opposite to the distribution terminals, respectively, and output from the terminals of the third diode and the fourth diode, said terminals being on the sides opposite to the distribution terminals, respectively.

Description

Electronic circuit Cross-reference of related applications

This international application claims priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2009-264230 filed with the Japan Patent Office on November 19, 2009, and is based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2009-264230. The entire contents are incorporated herein by reference.

The present invention relates to an electronic circuit suitable for detecting or rectifying a high-frequency signal.

A detection / rectification circuit used to detect or rectify a high-frequency signal is usually provided with a diode for detection / rectification, and an input impedance of the detection / rectification circuit and a transmission path of the high-frequency signal. And a matching circuit that matches the output impedance (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 to 3).

JP 2009-94739 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2007-300262 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-124202

Incidentally, the matching circuit is generally composed of a stub, a microstrip line, etc., and its characteristics (line length, etc.) are set corresponding to the center frequency of the high-frequency signal to be detected or rectified. .

For this reason, in the conventional detection / rectification circuit, when the frequency band of the high-frequency signal to be detected or rectified becomes wide, the input impedance cannot be matched in the entire frequency band of the high-frequency signal, and the high-frequency signal is placed on the transmission path. There was a problem of reflection.

In addition, because the input / output impedance of the detection / rectifying diode changes depending on the signal level of the high-frequency signal, the input impedance of the matching circuit cannot be matched even if the input impedance changes, and the high-frequency signal is transmitted. There was a problem of reflection on the route.

In particular, at high frequencies such as the millimeter wave band, measuring the impedance of the diode itself is also expensive and requires a precise measurement environment, and matching with a diode having an impedance that is not high accuracy in the conventional circuit format is required. There is also a problem that it is difficult to take.

Even if the same diode is used, the impedance of the diode may fluctuate slightly if the ambient temperature changes or changes over time. There is a problem that the loss increases.

When reflection occurs from the diode onto the transmission line, there is a problem that not only power efficiency is deteriorated, but also ripples are generated in the frequency characteristics of the high-frequency signal.
The present invention has been made in view of these problems, and an object thereof is to provide an electronic circuit capable of efficiently performing one of detection and rectification without reflecting a high-frequency signal on its transmission path. And

The first aspect of the present invention made to achieve such an object is as follows:
An electronic circuit,
A first hybrid circuit;
A second hybrid circuit,
Each of the first hybrid circuit and the second hybrid circuit includes four terminals including an input terminal, a first distribution terminal, a second distribution terminal, and a passing terminal, and a target on which one of detection and rectification is performed. And a pair of first transmission lines having a transmission impedance set to a reference value among the four transmission lines. And a pair of second terminals, each having a transmission impedance set to 1 / √2 of a reference value, connected between the input terminal and the passing terminal and between the first distribution terminal and the second distribution terminal. By connecting between the input terminal and the first distribution terminal and between the passing terminal and the second distribution terminal, respectively, in the transmission line, it is formed in an annular shape,
An input terminal of the first hybrid circuit is connected to an input path of the high frequency signal,
An input terminal of the second hybrid circuit is connected to a passing terminal of the first hybrid circuit;
The passing terminal of the second hybrid circuit is terminated by a termination circuit having a reference value of the transmission impedance,
A first diode and a second diode are connected to the first distribution terminal and the second distribution terminal of the first hybrid circuit, respectively.
A third diode and a fourth diode are connected to the first distribution terminal and the second distribution terminal of the second hybrid circuit with a polarity different from that of the first diode and the second diode, respectively.
The electronic circuit is
The output from the terminal opposite to the distribution terminal of the first diode and the second diode and the output from the terminal opposite to the distribution terminal of the third diode and the fourth diode are combined with the negative phase power. It is characterized by being comprised so that it may output.

A second aspect of the present invention is the electronic circuit of the first aspect,
The first diode and the second diode are connected to the first distribution terminal and the second distribution terminal of the first hybrid circuit with the same polarity,
The third diode and the fourth diode are connected to the first distribution terminal and the second distribution terminal of the second hybrid circuit with a polarity different from that of the first diode and the second diode,
Terminals opposite to the distribution terminals of the first diode and the second diode are connected to a first input terminal, and terminals opposite to the distribution terminals of the third diode and the fourth diode are connected to a second input terminal. A differential amplifier circuit that differentially amplifies the potential difference between the input terminals,
It is provided with.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the electronic circuit of the first aspect,
The first diode and the second diode are connected to the first distribution terminal and the second distribution terminal of the first hybrid circuit in reverse polarity,
The third diode and the fourth diode are connected to the first distribution terminal and the second distribution terminal of the second hybrid circuit with a polarity different from that of the first diode and the second diode,
Terminals opposite to the distribution terminals of the first diode and the fourth diode are connected to a first input terminal, and terminals opposite to the distribution terminals of the second diode and the third diode are connected to a second input terminal. A differential amplifier circuit that differentially amplifies the potential difference between the input terminals,
It is provided with.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the electronic circuit according to the second or third aspect, the differential amplifier circuit includes an operational amplifier, and the diode connected to the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier includes the non-inverting circuit. A bias voltage is applied through a gain setting resistor connected to the input terminal.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the electronic circuit according to any one of the first to fourth aspects, each diode is connected to a terminal on the opposite side of each of the first to fourth diodes. A semicircular or fan-shaped radial stub is provided for removing the high-frequency signal component that has passed.

On the other hand, an electronic circuit according to a sixth aspect of the present invention includes a plurality of stages of electronic circuits according to the first aspect, which are subordinately connected with the termination circuit removed, and the final stage of the plurality of stages of electronic circuits. The passing terminal of the second hybrid circuit constituting the terminal is terminated by a termination circuit having a reference value of the transmission impedance.

In the electronic circuit of the first aspect, a pair of hybrid circuits constituted by a first hybrid circuit and a second hybrid circuit are used instead of using the conventional matching circuit.
Since each hybrid circuit is configured as described above, it functions as a distribution circuit (so-called hybrid ring) that distributes the high-frequency signal input to the input terminal into two and outputs the high-frequency signal from the first distribution terminal and the second distribution terminal. .

The first and second distribution terminals of each hybrid circuit are connected to the first and second diodes or the third and fourth diodes for each hybrid circuit. The hybrid circuit configured as described above ( Hybrid ring), the output impedance of the distribution terminal is different from the input impedance of the diode connected to the distribution terminal. Even if a part of the output signal is reflected at the distribution terminal, the reflected signal is output to the passing terminal side. And does not return to the input terminal side.

Therefore, according to the electronic circuit of the first aspect, it is possible to prevent the high-frequency signal from being reflected on the input path without using the matching circuit. Further, when the high frequency signal is reflected on the input path, not only the power efficiency is deteriorated, but also a ripple is generated in the frequency characteristic of the high frequency signal. According to the present invention, such a problem can be prevented.

Further, according to the electronic circuit of the first aspect, since it is not necessary to use a matching circuit, it is possible to prevent the frequency band of a high-frequency signal that can be detected / rectified from being limited by the frequency characteristics of the matching circuit and to detect / rectify. The frequency band of high frequency signals can be widened.

On the other hand, the first, second diode, and the third and fourth diodes are connected to the two distribution terminals of the first hybrid circuit and the second hybrid circuit, respectively. The four diodes are connected to the distribution terminals so that the polarities are different between the hybrid circuits, and the outputs from the first and second diodes and the outputs from the third and fourth diodes are combined with opposite phase power, The high-frequency signal input from the input terminal of the one hybrid circuit is full-wave rectified by the first and second diodes connected to the first hybrid circuit and the third and fourth diodes connected to the second hybrid circuit. Will be.

For this reason, according to the electronic circuit of the first aspect, the output decrease caused by the reflection of the high-frequency signal at the connection point of each diode (that is, the first and second distribution terminals of each hybrid circuit) It can be reduced by synthesis (in other words, full-wave rectification), and the power efficiency of the electronic circuit can be prevented from being lowered.

Each of the hybrid circuits can be formed on a substrate as a wiring pattern, each of the diodes can be mounted on a circuit substrate, and a circuit for reverse phase power synthesis is also formed on the substrate. And a component mounted on the board.

Therefore, the electronic circuit of the first aspect can be configured by forming a predetermined wiring pattern on one side of the double-sided board and mounting the electronic component. And if the electronic circuit is configured in this way, it is not necessary to form a through hole in the substrate, so that the circuit pattern can be reduced, and the back surface of the double-sided substrate is a solid ground, so that stable characteristics can be obtained. It will be obtained.

Here, full-wave rectification of the high-frequency signal input from the input terminal of the first hybrid circuit is performed by combining the outputs from the first and second diodes with the outputs from the third and fourth diodes. A differential amplifier circuit can be used as the circuit.

Specifically, the first diode and the second diode are connected to the first distribution terminal and the second distribution terminal of the first hybrid circuit with the same polarity, and the third diode and the fourth diode are connected to the second hybrid circuit. When the first distribution terminal and the second distribution terminal are connected with the same polarity as the first diode and the second diode, the differential amplification is performed as in the electronic circuit in the second aspect. A terminal opposite to the distribution terminals of the first diode and the second diode is connected to one input terminal (first input terminal) of the circuit, and the other input terminal (second input terminal) of the differential amplifier circuit. If the terminals opposite to the distribution terminals of the third diode and the fourth diode are connected, the high-frequency signal input from the input terminal of the first hybrid circuit can be full-wave rectified.

The first diode and the second diode are connected to the first distribution terminal and the second distribution terminal of the first hybrid circuit in reverse polarity, and the third diode and the fourth diode are connected to the first distribution terminal of the second hybrid circuit. When the second distribution terminal is connected with a polarity different from that of the first diode and the second diode and opposite to each other, one input of the differential amplifier circuit as in the electronic circuit in the third aspect A terminal (first input terminal) is connected to a terminal opposite to each distribution terminal of the first diode and the fourth diode, and the other input terminal (second input terminal) of the differential amplifier circuit is connected to the second diode and If the terminal opposite to each distribution terminal of the third diode is connected, the high-frequency signal input from the input terminal of the first hybrid circuit can be full-wave rectified.

Further, when the differential amplifier circuit is provided in the electronic circuit in this way, since the first and second input terminals of the differential amplifier circuit are usually provided with the input resistance, each resistance value of the input resistance The input characteristics of the high frequency signal from the diode to each input terminal can be changed.

For this reason, according to the electronic circuit of the second aspect or the third aspect, the resistance value of the input resistance connected to each input terminal of the differential amplifier circuit is adjusted even if the characteristics of each diode or hybrid circuit vary. As a result, variations in the characteristics of the diodes and the hybrid circuit can be absorbed and the output characteristics can be improved.

Next, in the electronic circuit of the fourth aspect, the differential amplifier circuit is configured by an operational amplifier, and the diode connected to the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier has an amplification factor connected to the non-inverting input terminal. A bias voltage is applied through a setting resistor.

For this reason, according to the electronic circuit of the fourth aspect, current flows in a path from the diode connected to the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier to the inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier through each hybrid circuit and the other diode. Thus, a bias current can be passed through any of the first to fourth diodes to increase the sensitivity of each of these diodes (and thus the detection / rectification efficiency).

In the electronic circuit of the fifth aspect, a semicircular or fan-shaped radial stub for removing the high-frequency signal component that has passed through each diode is provided on the terminal opposite to each distribution terminal of the first to fourth diodes. Is provided.

For this reason, according to the electronic circuit of the fifth aspect, even if the high frequency signal component leaks from the distribution terminal of each hybrid through the first to fourth diodes, the high frequency signal component can be removed by the radial stub. It is possible to prevent the high-frequency signal component from being superimposed on the detection / rectification signal obtained by combining the outputs from the diodes with the antiphase power.

Next, in the electronic circuit of the sixth aspect, the electronic circuit of the first aspect is connected in multiple stages by removing the termination circuit, and the passing terminal of the second hybrid circuit constituting the final stage electronic circuit is used as the termination circuit. It is constituted by terminating.

That is, in the electronic circuit of the sixth aspect, the reflected signal component generated at the passing terminal of the second hybrid circuit in the previous stage electronic circuit is input to the next stage electronic circuit by connecting the electronic circuit of the first stage in multiple stages. Then, by detecting / rectifying again, the power consumption (in other words, power loss) of the reflected signal consumed by the termination circuit connected to the final stage electronic circuit is suppressed.

For this reason, according to the electronic circuit of the sixth aspect, although a plurality of stages of the electronic circuit of the first aspect are required, the detection / rectification efficiency of the high-frequency signal can be increased according to the number of connection stages, An electronic circuit with good power efficiency can be realized.

It is a circuit diagram showing the structure of the detection / rectifier circuit of 1st Embodiment. It is explanatory drawing showing the result of having analyzed the characteristic of each part of the detection / rectifier circuit of 1st Embodiment. It is a circuit diagram showing the structure of the detection / rectifier circuit of 2nd Embodiment. It is a circuit diagram showing the structure of the detection / rectifier circuit of 3rd Embodiment. It is a circuit diagram showing the modification of 1st Embodiment. It is explanatory drawing showing the modification which utilizes a detection / rectifier circuit as a power converter.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... 1st hybrid circuit, 20 ... 2nd hybrid circuit, Ti ... Input terminal, To ... Passing terminal, T1 ... 1st distribution terminal, T2 ... 2nd distribution terminal, L1 ... 1st transmission line, L2 ... 2nd transmission Line, D1 to D4 ... Diode, R0 ... Terminating resistor, RS0 to RS4 ... Radial stub, C1, C2 ... Coupling capacitor, 30 ... Differential amplifier circuit, 40 ... Parabolic antenna, 50 ... Primary radiator, OP1 ... Operational amplifier, R1 to R4, R6, R8 ... resistor, Lin ... input path, Tco ... coaxial input terminal, Ca, Cb ... capacitor for storage

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
[First Embodiment]
As shown in FIG. 1, the detection / rectification circuit of the present embodiment includes a first hybrid circuit 10 to which a high-frequency signal to be detected or rectified is input via a coupling capacitor C1, and a first hybrid circuit 10. Two hybrid circuits are provided, including the second hybrid circuit 20 to which the passed high-frequency signal is input.

Each of these hybrids 10 and 20 is approximately 1 at the reference frequency of the high frequency signal to be detected or rectified, with four terminal portions including the input terminal Ti, the first distribution terminal T1, the second distribution terminal T2, and the passing terminal To. It consists of four transmission lines having a length of / 4 wavelength.

The transmission impedance is set to the same reference value as the high-frequency signal input path (50Ω in this embodiment) between the input terminal Ti and the passing terminal To and between the first distribution terminal T1 and the second distribution terminal T2. A pair of first transmission lines L1 are connected to each other, and between the input terminal Ti and the first distribution terminal T1 and between the passage terminal To and the second distribution terminal T2, the transmission impedance is approximately 1 of the reference value. They are connected by a pair of second transmission lines L2 set to a value of / √2 (35Ω in this embodiment).

That is, in this embodiment, each hybrid circuit 10, 20 is formed in a rectangular ring shape by alternately connecting a pair of first transmission lines L1 and a pair of second transmission lines L2. Since the transmission impedance of the first transmission line L1 and the transmission impedance of the second transmission line L2 are set to 1: 1 / √2, each of the hybrid circuits 10 and 20 has a high frequency input to the input terminal Ti. It functions as a distribution circuit (so-called hybrid ring) that divides the signal into two and outputs it from the first distribution terminal T1 and the second distribution terminal T2.

The input terminal Ti of the second hybrid circuit 20 is connected to the pass terminal To of the first hybrid circuit 10, and the pass terminal To of the second hybrid circuit 20 is a reference value of transmission impedance (50Ω in the present embodiment). ) Is connected to a radial stub RS0 for removing a high frequency signal.

On the other hand, the anodes of the detection / rectification diodes D1 and D2 are connected to the first distribution terminal T1 and the second distribution terminal T2 of the first hybrid circuit 10, respectively, and the cathodes of these diodes D1 and D2 are connected to the anodes. Are connected to radial stubs RS1 and RS2 for high-frequency signal removal.

The cathodes of the detection / rectification diodes D3 and D4 are connected to the first distribution terminal T1 and the second distribution terminal T2 of the second hybrid circuit 20, respectively. The anodes of the diodes D3 and D4 are connected to the anodes. Are connected to radial stubs RS3 and RS4 for high-frequency signal removal.

The high-frequency signal input path, the first hybrid circuit 10, the second hybrid circuit 20, and the radial stubs RS0 to RS4 are configured by a conductor pattern formed on one side of a double-sided board. , 20 sequentially arranges one first transmission line L1 of each of the hybrid circuits 10 and 20 on an extension line extending straight from the input path of the high-frequency signal, and sandwiches the extension line from both ends of the first transmission line L1. A pair of second transmission lines L2 are extended in different directions, and the ends of the extended second transmission lines L2 are connected by the other first transmission line L1.

Next, the cathodes of the diodes D1 and D2 whose anodes are connected to the distribution terminals T1 and T2 of the first hybrid circuit 10 are connected to the inverting input terminal (−) of the operational amplifier OP1 via the resistors R1 and R2, respectively. The anodes of the diodes D3 and D4 whose cathodes are connected to the distribution terminals T1 and T2 of the second hybrid circuit 20 are respectively connected to the non-inverting input terminal (+) of the operational amplifier OP1 via the resistors R3 and R4. It is connected to the.

The operational amplifier OP1 constitutes the differential amplifier circuit 30. An inverting input terminal (−) and an output terminal are connected via a resistor R6, and a resistor R8 is connected to a non-inverting input terminal (+). A predetermined bias voltage is applied thereto.

In the detection / rectification circuit of the present embodiment configured as described above, the diodes D1 to D4 are connected to the distribution terminals T1 and T2 of the hybrid circuits 10 and 20, respectively. The two distributed high frequency signals are detected / rectified by diodes D1, D2 or D3, D4, respectively.

In the hybrid circuits 10 and 20, the output impedance of the distribution terminals T1 and T2 is different from the input impedance of the diodes D1 and D2 or D3 and D4, and a part of the high-frequency signal is reflected at the distribution terminals T1 and T2. However, the reflected signal is output to the passing terminal To side and does not return to the input terminal Ti side.

Therefore, according to the detection / rectification circuit of the present embodiment, it is possible to prevent the high-frequency signal from being reflected on the input path without using a matching circuit as in the prior art. Further, when the high frequency signal is reflected on the input path, not only the power efficiency is deteriorated, but also ripples are generated in the frequency characteristics of the high frequency signal. According to this embodiment, such a problem can be prevented.

Further, according to the detection / rectification circuit of the present embodiment, since it is not necessary to use a matching circuit, it is possible to prevent the frequency band of a high-frequency signal that can be detected / rectified from being limited by the frequency characteristics of the matching circuit. / The frequency band of the rectifiable high frequency signal can be widened.

The diodes D1 and D2 and the diodes D3 and D4 are connected to the distribution terminals T1 and T2 of the hybrid circuits 10 and 20 with different polarities, but the outputs from the diodes D1 and D2 and the diodes D3 and D4 Are respectively input to the inverting input terminal and the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier OP1 constituting the differential amplifier circuit 30, and are combined with the negative phase power by the differential amplifier circuit 30, so that the first hybrid circuit 10 The high-frequency signal input to the input terminal Ti is full-wave rectified by the diodes D1 to D4 connected to the hybrid circuits 10 and 20.

Therefore, according to the detection / rectifier circuit of the present embodiment, the high frequency signal is reflected at the connection points between the first distribution terminal T1 and the second distribution terminal T2 of the hybrid circuits 10 and 20 and the diodes D1 to D4. Can be reduced by the above-described reverse-phase power combining (in other words, full-wave rectification), and as a result, the power efficiency of the detection / rectification circuit can be increased.

Further, as described above, the high-frequency signal input path, the first hybrid circuit 10, the second hybrid circuit 20, and the radial stubs RS0 to RS4 are configured by the conductor pattern formed on one side of the double-sided board. The detection / rectifier circuit of the present embodiment can be manufactured by mounting the coupling capacitor C1, the diodes D1 to D4, the resistors R0 to R8, the operational amplifier OP1, and the like on the substrate surface on which the conductor pattern is formed. it can.

In this way, since it is not necessary to form a through hole in the substrate, the circuit pattern can be reduced, and a stable characteristic can be obtained by making the back surface of the double-sided substrate a solid ground. become.

Since a bias voltage is applied to the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier OP1 via the resistor R8, the bias voltage is applied in the forward direction to the diodes D3, D4 and D1, D2. Current will flow. Therefore, according to the present embodiment, the sensitivity of each of the diodes D1 to D4, that is, the detection / rectification efficiency by the detection / rectification circuit can be increased.

Further, each of the diodes D1 to D4 is connected to each input terminal of the operational amplifier OP1 constituting the differential amplifier circuit 30 via resistors (so-called input resistors) R1 to R4. When there is a variation, the output characteristics can be improved due to variations in the characteristics of the diodes D1 to D4 by individually adjusting the resistance values of the input resistors R1 to R4.

Furthermore, since each of the diodes D1 to D4 has a capacity, a high frequency signal component may leak out from each of the diodes D1 to D4. In this embodiment, a high frequency signal removal is provided on the output side of each of the diodes D1 to D4. Since the fan-shaped radial stubs RS1 to RS4 are provided, it is possible to prevent the high-frequency signal component from being superimposed on the output signal from the diodes D1 to D4 to the differential amplifier circuit 30.

Of the diodes D1 to D4, the diode D1 is the first diode of the present invention, the diode D2 is the second diode of the present invention, the diode D3 is the third diode of the present invention, and the diode D4 is the first diode of the present invention. It corresponds to 4 diodes, respectively.
(Analysis of circuit characteristics)
According to the detection / rectifier circuit of the present embodiment, since the hybrid circuits 10 and 20 are used instead of the matching circuit, one high-frequency signal is connected at the connection point between the diodes D1 to D4 and each of the hybrid circuits 10 and 20. Even if the part is reflected, the reflected signal should not return to the input terminal Ti side, but in order to confirm this effect, the high-frequency signal input terminal of each part of the detection / rectifier circuit of this embodiment (FIG. The amount of coupling from Port 1) shown in FIG. 2 and the amount of reflection from the high-frequency signal input terminal (Port 1 shown in FIG. 2) were analyzed by electromagnetic field simulation.

The circuit pattern and analysis result used for the analysis are as shown in FIG.
That is, in this simulation, the high frequency signal to be detected or rectified is a millimeter wave having a center frequency of 76.5 GHz and a bandwidth of ± 9 GHz (that is, a millimeter wave of 67.5 GHz to 85.5 GHz). The length of the input path from the high-frequency signal input terminal (Port 1) to the first hybrid circuit 10 is about ½ (about 0.84 mm) of the reference wavelength λg corresponding to the substantially center frequency of the high-frequency signal. The lengths of the first transmission line L1 and the second transmission line L2 of each hybrid circuit 10 and 20 are about λg / 4 (about 0.42 mm or about 0.40 mm), and the back surface is a solid ground. A circuit board formed on the surface of the substrate was used.

In the simulation, the distribution terminals of the hybrid circuits 10 and 20 to which the diodes D1 to D4 are connected are respectively Port2 to Port5, and the pass terminal To of the second hybrid circuit 20 to which the termination resistor R0 is connected is Port6. The amount of coupling from Port 1 in each of Port 2 to Port 6 and the amount of reflection of the high-frequency signal reflected from Port 1 to the input path are center frequency 76.5 GHz, minimum frequency 67.5 GHz, maximum frequency 85.5 GHz, Each was evaluated.

In addition, this simulation is performed when the impedances of electronic components (high-frequency signal input circuits, diodes D1 to D4, termination resistors R0, etc.) connected to the respective Port1 to Port6 are all at a reference value (50Ω), and Port1 and Port6. The impedance of the electronic component (high-frequency signal input circuit, termination resistor R0) connected to is a reference value (50Ω), and the impedance of the diodes D1 to D4 connected to Port2 to Port5 is 6Ω, which is significantly different from the reference value. And performed under two conditions.

As a result, it was confirmed that the reflection amount of the high-frequency signal from Port 1 can be sufficiently reduced under any condition.
On the other hand, when the impedances of the diodes D1 to D4 are 6Ω that deviates from the reference value (50Ω), the reflection at the Port2 to Port5 increases, so In comparison, the amount of coupling of Port 2 and Port 3 to Port 1 is small, and the amount of coupling of Port 4 to Port 6 is large.

However, the amount of coupling at Port 6 representing the amount of power consumed by the terminating resistor R0 is 42% at the center frequency (76.5 GHz), 38.1% at the minimum frequency (67.5 GHz), and the maximum frequency (85.5 GHz). ) Is 37.1%.

For this reason, according to the detection / rectifier circuit of this embodiment, it can be seen that the power efficiency can be maintained at a predetermined value (approximately 60%) over a wide band.
[Second Embodiment]
Next, FIG. 3 shows the configuration (excluding the differential amplifier circuit 30) of the detection / rectification circuit of the second embodiment to which the present invention is applied.

The detection / rectification circuit of the present embodiment is the same as the detection / rectification circuit of the first embodiment, comprising the first and second hybrid circuits 10 and 20, the diodes D1 to D4, and the radial stubs RS1 to RS4. The second hybrid circuit 20 is arranged in two stages before and after the coupling capacitor C2, and is terminated by terminating the pass terminal To of the second hybrid circuit 20 constituting the latter basic circuit via a termination resistor R0.

In addition, the basic circuits arranged in the preceding stage and the basic circuit arranged in the subsequent stage with the coupling capacitor C2 interposed therebetween have opposite directions (polarities) of the diodes D1 to D4, so The outputs of the diodes D3, D4, D3 and D4 connected to the second hybrid circuit 20 are connected by a common signal line, and the diodes D1 and D2 connected to the first hybrid circuit 10 are connected in the previous basic circuit. The diodes D1 and D2 connected to the inverting input terminal (−) of the operational amplifier OP1 constituting the differential amplifier circuit 30 and connected to the first hybrid circuit 10 in the subsequent basic circuit constitute the differential amplifier circuit 30. The operational amplifier OP1 is connected to the non-inverting input terminal (+).

According to the detection / rectifier circuit of the present embodiment configured as described above, the reflected signal component generated at the passing terminal To of the second hybrid circuit 20 in the preceding basic circuit is input to the succeeding basic circuit, and the succeeding basic circuit. It will be detected / rectified again in the circuit. As a result, the power consumption (in other words, power loss) of the reflected signal consumed by the termination resistor R0 connected to the basic circuit at the subsequent stage can be suppressed.

Therefore, according to the detection / rectification circuit of the second embodiment, compared with the detection / rectification circuit of the first embodiment, the first and second hybrid circuits 10 and 20, the diodes D1 to D4, and the radial stubs RS1 to RS4. Although the number of configured basic circuits is increased, high frequency signals are detected / rectified in two stages by two basic circuits, so that the power efficiency of the detection / rectifier circuit can be increased.
[Third Embodiment]
Next, FIG. 4 shows the configuration of the detection / rectification circuit of the third embodiment to which the present invention is applied.

The detection / rectification circuit of the present embodiment basically has the same configuration as that of the detection / rectification circuit of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1. The difference from the first embodiment is that the diode D2 and D4 is connected to each of the hybrid circuits 10 and 20 with the opposite polarity to the first diodes D1 and D3, and the terminal (that is, the anode) opposite to the distribution terminal T2 of the diode D2 is connected to the operational amplifier OP1 via the resistor R4. This is in that the terminal (that is, the cathode) opposite to the distribution terminal T2 of the diode D4 is connected to the non-inverting input terminal (+) and the inverting input terminal (−) of the operational amplifier OP1 through the resistor R2.

According to the detection / rectifier circuit of the present embodiment configured as described above, the connection directions of the diodes D1 and D2 in the first hybrid circuit 10 and the connection directions of the diodes D3 and D4 in the second hybrid circuit 20 are different. Since the anode of the diode D2 is connected to the non-inverting input terminal (+) of the operational amplifier OP1, and the cathode of the diode D4 is connected to the inverting input terminal (−) of the operational amplifier OP1, the first hybrid is the same as in the above embodiment. The high-frequency signal input to the input terminal Ti of the circuit 10 can be full-wave rectified by the diodes D1 to D4 and the differential amplifier circuit 30 to increase the power efficiency of the detection / rectification circuit.

By the way, since the high frequency signal reflected by the diodes D1 and D2 of the first hybrid circuit 10 is input to the second hybrid circuit 20, the power of the high frequency signal output from the distribution terminals T1 and T2 of the second hybrid circuit. Is lower than the power of the high-frequency signal output from the distribution terminals T1 and T2 of the first hybrid circuit 10. For this reason, in the first embodiment, the balance of input power to each input terminal (+, −) of the operational amplifier OP1 may be lost, and rectification efficiency (and thus power efficiency) may be reduced.

On the other hand, in this embodiment, the output from the first distribution terminal T1 of the first hybrid circuit 10 and the second hybrid circuit 20, the first hybrid circuit 10 and the input terminals (+, −) of the operational amplifier OP1. Since the output from the second distribution terminal T2 of the second hybrid circuit 20 is input, the input power to each input terminal (+, −) of the operational amplifier OP1 is balanced, and the rectification efficiency (and thus the power) (Efficiency) can be improved.

As mentioned above, although one Embodiment of this invention was described, this invention is not limited to the said embodiment, A various aspect can be taken in the range which does not deviate from the summary of this invention.
For example, in each of the above embodiments, one first transmission line L1 of each of the hybrid circuits 10 and 20 is sequentially arranged on an extension line extending straight from the input path of the high-frequency signal, and from both ends of each first transmission line L1, By extending a pair of second transmission lines L2 in different directions for each first line L1, and connecting the ends of the pair of second transmission lines L2 with the other first transmission line L1, a pair of second transmission lines L2 is connected. The hybrid circuits 10 and 20 have been described as being formed on the substrate.

However, in this type of hybrid circuit (hybrid ring constituting the distribution circuit), normally, the second transmission line L2 is arranged on an extension line extending straight from the input path of the high-frequency signal, and the tip thereof is the first distribution terminal. T1 is set.

This is because, when the hybrid circuit is arranged in this way with respect to the input path of the high-frequency signal, the phase difference of the coupling amount at the distribution terminals T1 and T2 is set to a substantially designed value (90 °) at the design frequency of the hybrid circuit. It is because it can do.

For this reason, when the hybrid circuit is formed as in the above embodiment, the phase difference of the coupling amount at the distribution terminals T1 and T2 becomes, for example, 80 ° at the design frequency of the hybrid circuit, which may deviate from the design value. Conceivable.

Since the detection / rectification circuit of the present embodiment can widen the frequency band of a high-frequency signal that can be detected / rectified, even if the coupling amount phase difference at the distribution terminals T1 and T2 is slightly shifted as described above, Although there is no particular problem, the high-frequency signal input path connected to the first hybrid circuit 10 may be formed as shown in FIG.

That is, the detection / rectification circuit shown in FIG. 5 connects the input path Lin extending straight from the second transmission line to the input terminal Ti of the first hybrid circuit 10 in the detection rectification circuit of the first embodiment shown in FIG. An input path for inputting a high frequency signal from the outside is connected to the tip of the input path Lin so as to be orthogonal. In FIG. 5, the length of the input path Lin is substantially the same length (approximately ¼ wavelength) as that of the second transmission line L2.

If the high-frequency signal input path to the detection / rectifier circuit is configured in this way, in the first hybrid circuit 10, the phase difference between the coupling amounts at the distribution terminals T1 and T2 at the design frequency is approximately the design value (90 °) will be able to.

In the second embodiment, the basic circuit composed of the first and second hybrid circuits 10 and 20, the diodes D1 to D4, and the radial stubs RS1 to RS4 has been described as being arranged in two stages. By further increasing the number of basic circuits, the power efficiency of the detection / rectification circuit can be further increased.

On the other hand, in each of the above embodiments, a basic circuit constituted by the first and second hybrid circuits 10 and 20, the diodes D1 to D4, and the radial stubs RS1 to RS4, or a multistage in which this basic circuit is connected in two stages in the front and rear. In the circuit, a differential amplifier circuit 30 is provided, and the output from each of the diodes D1 to D4 is combined in the differential amplifier circuit 30 in this differential amplifier circuit 30. For example, as shown in FIG. Instead of the differential amplifier circuit 30, a pair of power storage capacitors Ca and Cb may be provided.

In other words, the output from each of the diodes D1 to D4 is connected to the other end of the storage capacitor Ca, Cb having one end connected to the ground line having the same potential as the solid ground on the back surface of the double-sided substrate, whereby the storage capacitor Ca , Cb may be charged, and the charging voltages + V and −V may be output from a DC output terminal connected to the other ends of the storage capacitors Ca and Cb.

In this case, the outputs from the diodes D1 to D4 are combined with the reverse phase power by the storage capacitors Ca and Cb, so that the storage capacitors Ca and Cb can be charged with the opposite polarity.

When the detection / rectification circuit is configured in this way, for example, as shown in FIG. 6, a coaxial input terminal Tco is provided in the input path of the high-frequency signal to the detection / rectification circuit, and the coaxial input terminal Tco is coaxially connected. If the primary radiator 50 of the parabolic antenna 40 is connected via the cable Lco, the high frequency signal received by the parabolic antenna 40 is rectified and charged to the storage capacitors Ca and Cb, and the charging voltage (electric power) is set. It can be used as a power converter that outputs from a DC output terminal to an external load, and by extension, can be used for space power generation and non-contact power feeding that perform power transmission by wireless transmission of high-frequency signals.

Note that the detection / rectification circuit shown in FIG. 6 is the same as the detection / rectification circuit of the second embodiment shown in FIG. Ca and Cb are provided, and the outputs (cathodes) of the diodes D1 and D2 on the side connected to the inverting input terminal (−) of the differential amplifier circuit 30 are connected to the other end of the storage capacitor Ca, The output (anode) of the diodes D1 and D2 connected to the non-inverting input terminal (+) of the differential amplifier circuit 30 is connected to the other end of the storage capacitor Cb.

Claims (6)

1. An electronic circuit,
   A first hybrid circuit;
   A second hybrid circuit,
   Each of the first hybrid circuit and the second hybrid circuit includes four terminals including an input terminal, a first distribution terminal, a second distribution terminal, and a passing terminal, and a target on which one of detection and rectification is performed. A pair of first transmission lines having a transmission impedance set to a reference value among the four transmission lines. A pair of second terminals, each having a transmission impedance set to 1 / √2 of a reference value, connected between the input terminal and the passing terminal and between the first distribution terminal and the second distribution terminal. By connecting between the input terminal and the first distribution terminal and between the passing terminal and the second distribution terminal, respectively, in the transmission line, it is formed in an annular shape,
   An input terminal of the first hybrid circuit is connected to an input path of the high frequency signal,
   An input terminal of the second hybrid circuit is connected to a passing terminal of the first hybrid circuit;
   The passing terminal of the second hybrid circuit is terminated by a termination circuit having a reference value of the transmission impedance,
   A first diode and a second diode are connected to the first distribution terminal and the second distribution terminal of the first hybrid circuit, respectively.
   A third diode and a fourth diode are connected to the first distribution terminal and the second distribution terminal of the second hybrid circuit, respectively, with different polarities from the first diode and the second diode,
   The electronic circuit is
   The output from the terminal opposite to the distribution terminal of the first diode and the second diode and the output from the terminal opposite to the distribution terminal of the third diode and the fourth diode are combined with a negative phase power. An electronic circuit characterized by being configured to output as
2. The first diode and the second diode are connected to the first distribution terminal and the second distribution terminal of the first hybrid circuit with the same polarity,
   The third diode and the fourth diode are connected to the first distribution terminal and the second distribution terminal of the second hybrid circuit with a polarity different from that of the first diode and the second diode,
   Terminals opposite to the distribution terminals of the first diode and the second diode are connected to a first input terminal, and terminals opposite to the distribution terminals of the third diode and the fourth diode are connected to a second input terminal. A differential amplifier circuit that differentially amplifies the potential difference between the input terminals,
   The electronic circuit according to claim 1, further comprising:
3. The first diode and the second diode are connected to the first distribution terminal and the second distribution terminal of the first hybrid circuit in reverse polarity,
   The third diode and the fourth diode are connected to the first distribution terminal and the second distribution terminal of the second hybrid circuit with a polarity different from that of the first diode and the second diode,
   Terminals opposite to the distribution terminals of the first diode and the fourth diode are connected to a first input terminal, and terminals opposite to the distribution terminals of the second diode and the third diode are connected to a second input terminal. A differential amplifier circuit that differentially amplifies the potential difference between the input terminals,
   The electronic circuit according to claim 1, further comprising:
4. The differential amplifier circuit is composed of an operational amplifier, and a bias voltage is applied to a diode connected to a non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier via a gain setting resistor connected to the non-inverting input terminal. The electronic circuit according to claim 2, wherein the electronic circuit is provided.
5. The first to fourth diodes are provided with semicircular or fan-shaped radial stubs at terminals opposite to the respective distribution terminals for removing high-frequency signal components that have passed through the respective diodes. The electronic circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
6. The electronic circuit according to claim 1, wherein the electronic circuit according to claim 1 is connected in a cascade manner with the termination circuit removed.
   An electronic circuit, wherein a passing terminal of a second hybrid circuit constituting a final stage electronic circuit among the plurality of stages of electronic circuits is terminated by a termination circuit having a reference value of the transmission impedance.

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