WO2011054138A1

WO2011054138A1 - Centrifugal scraper film-forming cracking reaction apparatus and process using the same

Info

Publication number: WO2011054138A1
Application number: PCT/CN2009/001572
Authority: WO
Inventors: 姜林发
Original assignee: 徐效奇
Priority date: 2009-11-03
Filing date: 2009-12-28
Publication date: 2011-05-12
Also published as: CN101712770B; CN101712770A

Abstract

A centrifugal scraper film-forming cracking reaction apparatus and a process using the same. The apparatus includes a furnace body (2), a scraper assembly (3) driven by a reducer (1), a spiral flue (4), an insulation cover (5), and an air-blocking discharging unit (6). The furnace body (2) is divided into three zones, i.e. a low-temperature reaction zone (VL), a high-temperature reaction zone (VH) and a carbonization zone (VC) from top to bottom. The scraper assembly (3) consists of a primary distributing disc (b), multiple sets of scrapers (d), a scraper frame (c), a secondary distributing disc (f) and a discharging plate (g) which are all fixed on the main shaft (a), and the scrapers (d) are hanged on the sliding shaft of the scraper frame (c). The process includes, the centrifugal force produced by rotation makes the hanged scrapers (d) cling to the furnace body cylinder wall, the material flowing down the furnace body cylinder wall is scraped into thin film which contacts with the high-temperature cylinder wall and then cracks instantly. The apparatus has a good adaptability, gas oil, oil foot and waste plastics, etc. can all be completely cracked, no viscous oily or waxy coke residue is discharged during the cracking, no coke is formed inside the apparatus, heat is quickly conducted, the final product is dried carbon black powder, and there is no secondary pollution.

Description

Centrifugal scraper film forming thermal cracking reaction device and method thereof

Technical field

The invention relates to a cracking reaction device and a method thereof, in particular to a centrifugal scraping film forming thermal cracking reaction device and a method for instantaneously performing thermal cracking reaction by using the device to scrape a reaction material into a film by centrifugal force .

Background technique

At present, the domestic and international cracking reactors have a tubular cracking reactor, a fluidized bed thermal cracking reactor, a fluid catalytic cracking unit (FCC unit), and a tank rotary cracking reactor for thermal cracking of waste plastics. Although these kinds of cleavage reactors have different structures, the state of the materials during the cracking process is fluid or liquid droplets, so there are the following disadvantages:

The tube-type cleavage reactor has poor adaptability, especially in the treatment of waste plastics such as waste plastics, which are easy to carbonize when the waste plastic with poor heat transfer is poor, which leads to incomplete cracking or even cracking reaction, and the effluent is viscous that is difficult to handle. Coke mixture. The high-viscosity oil or wax produced by the fluidized bed thermal cracking reactor during the thermal cracking process is all attached to the heating carrier, so that the fluidity of the heating carrier is deteriorated, which affects the reaction effect of the fluidized bed thermal cracker. This often requires constant addition of new heating carriers.

The fluid catalytic cracking unit (FCC unit) is large and complex, requires strict raw materials, and needs to supplement the catalyst and may cause catalyst poisoning. Especially for the treatment of polymers such as waste plastics, similar fluidized bed thermal cracking reactors may occur. situation.

The trough rotary cracking reactor has slow heat transfer, long reaction period, incomplete cracking reaction, serious carbonation, and viscous char which is difficult to handle. The secondary pollution is serious, especially for the treatment of waste plastics.

The method of using the above cleavage reactor to realize the cleavage reaction has the disadvantages of long reaction period, incomplete cleavage reaction, severe carbonation, and viscous char of the end product, which is difficult to clean and causes secondary pollution, especially for waste plastics. It is more obvious when it is harmless.

Summary of the invention

The object of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, and provide a centrifugal squeegee film forming thermal cracking reaction device and a method for instantaneously performing thermal cracking reaction by scraping a reaction material into a film by a scraper under the action of centrifugal force .

The technical scheme of a centrifugal squeegee film forming thermal cracking reaction device of the invention is: a centrifugal squeegee film forming thermal cracking reactor, comprising a furnace body, a squeegee assembly driven by a reducer, a spiral flue, a heat preservation cover, The choke discharge device is characterized in that: the furnace body is provided with a low temperature reaction zone, a high temperature reaction zone and a carbonization zone from top to bottom, and the scraper assembly is composed of a primary distribution plate, a plurality of sets of scrapers, a scraper frame, The baffle plate, the secondary distribution plate, the discharging plate and the main shaft are composed of a primary distribution plate, a scraper frame, a baffle plate, a secondary distribution plate and a baffle plate, which are fixedly connected from the bottom to the bottom of the main shaft. The secondary distribution plate, the scraper frame, the baffle plate, the secondary distribution plate, the discharge plate, and the scraper are suspended on the sliding shaft of the scraper frame. When rotating, the scraper slides on the sliding shaft to the main cylinder wall.

The squeegee has a groove with a 2-75° angle and a bevel at the bottom of the groove. The depth of one groove of the groove is 0. 5-3mm, and the groove depth of the other end is 3 - 20mm. The furnace body is composed of a main cylinder x, a furnace cover and a furnace bottom, wherein the main body diameter of the furnace body is Φ 219 - Φ 2500mm; the spiral of the spiral flue has a pitch of 100-300 id, a width of 50-200 匪, and a plurality of 100 X 100 at 1/5 - 1/2 of the lower part of the outer wall of the flue of the spiral smoke 4 Adjustable damper up to 200 X 200; the choke discharge device consists of a star hopper and a screw conveyor, wherein the screw tip in the screw conveyor oscillates left and right The choke valve plate is eccentrically connected.

A method of applying the thermal cracking reaction of a centrifugal squeegee forming a thermal cracking reaction apparatus as described above, characterized in that the method steps are:

1) Let 700-85 (TC flue gas enter the spiral flue of the furnace body, the wall of the main cylinder of the furnace body is heated into three temperature zones, the upper part is a low temperature zone of 350-400 ° C, the middle part is a high temperature zone of 400-500 ° C and a carbonization zone of 650-750 下部 in the lower part;

2) The motor of the scraper assembly is started to rotate in the main body of the furnace body, and the rotation speed is 5-110 rpm;

3) The preheated or melted material is added to the rotating primary distribution plate from the upper feed port of the furnace body, and the material is thrown to the wall of the main body of the furnace body under the action of centrifugal force, and flows downward. At this time, the centrifugal force generated when the squeegee rotates throws the squeegee itself along the sliding axis toward the wall of the main cylinder of the furnace body, and rotates against the wall of the cylinder, scraping the material flowing down into a film, and running along the furnace. The wall of the barrel moves downward, and the formed film is in contact with the wall of the main cylinder of the high-heat furnace. The cracking reaction occurs between the turns, and the generated oil and gas are discharged from the upper outlet of the furnace, and the oil and gas are obtained by condensation and compression to generate The carbon black moves downward along the wall of the main cylinder of the furnace body under the action of the squeegee, passes through the low temperature zone, the high temperature zone and the carbonization zone of the cylinder wall, and after complete carbonization, the gas barrier discharge from the bottom of the furnace body The device outlet is discharged.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: the centrifugal squeegee film forming thermal cracking reaction device of the invention has strong adaptability, can completely cleave the polymer such as gas oil, oil residue, waste plastic, etc., and has no viscous oil in the cracking process and The waxy coke residue is discharged, the equipment does not have carbon and heat transfer, and the end product is a dry chemical product, carbon black powder, without secondary pollution. Especially for the cracking of waste plastics, with high oiling rate, 100% conversion to gasoline, diesel, paraffin and carbon black, its performance is more prominent, overcoming the long reaction cycle of waste plastic processing equipment at home and abroad, cracking The reaction is incomplete, the carbonization is serious, the terminal product is viscous char, the cleaning is difficult and the secondary pollution is caused, which solves the worldwide problem of harmless treatment of waste plastics.

DRAWINGS

Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of the present invention;

Figure 2 is a squeegee assembly diagram;

Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of the choke discharge device;

Figure 4 is an enlarged view of K in Figure 3;

Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of the furnace body;

Figure 6 is a schematic view of the squeegee;

Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of Figure 6.

detailed description

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the drawings and embodiments.

As shown in FIG. 1, the centrifugal squeegee forming thermal cracking reaction device of the present invention comprises a furnace body 2, a squeegee assembly 3 driven by a reducer 1, a spiral flue 4, a heat preservation cover 5, and a gas venting discharge device 6 .

As shown in FIG. 2, the squeegee assembly 3 is composed of a primary distribution plate b, a plurality of sets of squeegees d, a squeegee frame c, a baffle plate e, a secondary distribution plate f, a discharge plate g and a main shaft a, which are , the main shaft a is fixedly connected to the distribution plate b from the bottom to the bottom, the scraper frame c, the baffle plate e, the secondary distribution plate f, the baffle plate e, the secondary distribution plate f, the scraper frame c, the block material Board e, twice The distribution plate f, the discharge plate g, and the squeegee d are suspended on the sliding shaft of the squeegee frame C. When the squeegee assembly rotates, the squeegee is smashed toward the wall of the furnace body 2 by the centrifugal force, and is in close contact with the wall of the cylinder. The squeegee and the wall contacting the cylinder are opened at an angle (2-75 °). (Fig. 6), the groove bottom of the groove is designed as a bevel, the groove depth of one end is 0. 5-3mm, and the groove depth of the other end is 3-20mm (Fig. 7), so that when the scraper rotates, the scraper will flow downward. The material is scraped into a film, and at the same time, due to the angle of the groove of the blade d, the film-forming material fluctuates up and down, and spirals downward along the wall of the tube. This prolongs the residence time of the material on the wall of the cylinder, which can reduce the height of the furnace body.

The squeegee assembly 3 is provided with a plurality of layers (more than 2 layers), a baffle plate e and a secondary distribution plate f, which are used to prevent the oil from being discharged from the bottom. When the condensed oil is generated in the furnace body, the baffle e will fall. The condensed oil droplets are blocked and slide along the slope of the baffle e to the lower secondary distribution plate f. Due to the rotation of the squeegee assembly 3, the condensation on the secondary distribution plate f is under the action of centrifugal force. The oil drops onto the wall of the heated furnace body 2, the oil droplets flash immediately, the oil vapor rises, and the high-boiling oil passes through the multi-layer flashing of the above process, and the oil vapor finally exits the oil and gas from the top of the furnace body 2. H is discharged.

As shown in Figs. 3 and 4, the choke discharge device 6 is composed of a star feeder 61 and a screw conveyor 62. The cavity of the lower hopper of the high airtight star sump 61 is the same volume and moves in a circular motion, and the discharged material or gas is equal to the incoming gas. When the powder is discharged from the furnace body 2, the gas does not exit the furnace body 2. The material conveying of the choke screw conveyor 62 is to push the powder out by the screw, and the outlet is provided with a choke valve plate M, which is used to prevent the atmosphere from entering the screw conveyor during discharge. The choke valve plate M can be swung back and forth. At the same time, since the top end of the screw R is eccentrically connected to the choke valve plate M, the eccentric shaft G of the screw tip rotates, and the choke plate M can also swing left and right, when the powder is pushed out by the screw The gas barrier valve plate M is opened, and the gas barrier valve plate M is oscillated to the left and right, so that the powdery material is continuously discharged, and the powder on the discharge port is cleared by the left and right swing of the gas barrier valve plate M to prevent the atmosphere from entering the gas barrier. In the screw conveyor, the atmosphere is effectively prevented from entering the furnace.

The reducer 1 is a planetary cycloidal reducer or other type of reducer.

As shown in Fig. 5, the furnace body 2 is composed of a main cylinder x, a furnace cover y and a furnace bottom _Z. The main cylinder of the furnace body has a diameter X of Φ 219 - Φ 2500 ΙΜΙ. The furnace body is divided into three sections: low temperature reaction zone VL, high temperature reaction zone VH and carbonization zone VC. On the one hand, the oilization rate can be increased, on the other hand, the carbonization can be more complete, and the discharged carbides, carbon black, are fine. Dry is not sticky.

The low temperature reaction zone VL of the furnace body 2, the high temperature reaction zone VH and the carbonization zone VC are one or several dampers A at the lower 1/5-1/2 of the spiral flue 4, and the damper size is 100 X 100 to 200 X 200 By adjusting the size of the damper, three different temperature zones can be formed, namely: the upper 350-400 低温 low temperature reaction zone VL, the middle 400-500 ° C high temperature reaction zone VH, and the lower 650-750 ° C carbonization zone. . The temperature in the upper low temperature reaction zone and the middle high temperature zone is set to favor multi-product oil, and the lower carbonization zone VC has the highest temperature, which is advantageous for carbonization, and completely carbonizes the small amount of organic matter brought into the carbonization zone, and the formed carbide Dry and easy to flow, and the carbon black is high in purity. The spiral flue 4 is composed of a spiral piece u and an outer wall V of the flue, and is connected to the outer wall of the main cylinder X of the furnace body 2.

The method of the present invention is specifically implemented: a flue gas at a certain temperature (700-850 ° C) enters from the inlet K of the spiral flue, and heats the wall of the main cylinder X of the furnace body 2 to the temperature required for cracking (300-750) °C), the speed reducer 1 is started at this time, the scraper assembly 3 is rotated at a speed of 5 - 10 10 rpm, and the preheated or melted raw material enters the feed distribution plate from the feed port H of the furnace body 2 b, due to the centrifugal force, the material is evenly distributed on the wall of the cylinder X, and flows downward under the action of gravity, and the scraper d is pressed against the wall of the main cylinder X under the centrifugal force generated by the rotation, due to Scraper d has a certain angle The inclined groove of the degree (2 - 75 °) and the inclined surface at the bottom of the groove make the downward flowing material immediately form a film on the wall of the cylinder X. This film fluctuates up and down, and gradually becomes smooth by the action of gravity. The wall of the main cylinder X is spirally moved downward. During the movement, the film on the wall of the cylinder X is instantaneously cracked, and the generated oil and gas are discharged from the upper oil and gas outlets H of the furnace body 2, and carbonized and mixed. The material continues to move downward to continue cracking, passing through the low temperature cracking zone of the furnace body 2, the pyrolysis zone, until the carbonization zone, and the carbonized dry carbonium powder on the carbonization zone is discharged from the cracking furnace under the action of the scraper and the bottom discharge plate. The gas barrier discharge device 6 at the bottom of the body 2 is discharged.

The function of the baffle plate of the scraper assembly 3 is to block the condensed oil on the inclined surface of the baffle plate e, and the condensed oil flows along the inclined surface of the baffle plate e to the secondary distribution plate f of the lower layer, and is distributed twice. The centrifugal force generated by the rotation of the disk f throws the condensed oil flowing down onto the wall of the main cylinder of the furnace body 2. The condensed oil is flashed after being heated, and the generated steam rises again until the oil and gas are discharged from the furnace body 2. The gas port is discharged, and then condensed, compressed, and collected.

The invention adopts a centrifugal scraper film forming technology, and by using the rotation of the scraper assembly, the material which enters the material distribution plate b from the feed port C of the furnace body 2 is thrown onto the wall of the furnace body 2 by the centrifugal force. The downward flow, at the same time, the scraper d on the scraper assembly 3 is also urged against the cylinder wall of the furnace body 2 by the centrifugal force, and rotates closely against the cylinder wall to scrape the material flowing down into a film. And rotating downward along the wall of the furnace body 2, since the material formed on the wall of the cylinder rapidly contacts the wall of the furnace body 2 which has been heated, the cracking reaction occurs instantaneously, and the oil and gas generated from the furnace body 2 The oil and gas outlets H are discharged, and the oil and the liquefied gas are collected by condensation and compression, and the generated carbides continue to rotate downward along the wall of the cylinder under the action of the scraper d, and pass through the low temperature reaction zone of the furnace body. After the high temperature reaction zone and the carbonization zone, it is excluded from the gas barrier discharge device 6 at the bottom of the furnace body 2, and the discharged carbon black is an industrial powder.

The centrifugal scraper film forming thermal cracking reaction device of the invention is used in the petrochemical field and the environmental protection field to thermally crack polymers such as gas oil, oil residue and waste plastic to form oil, gas and dry carbon black powder.

Claims

Rights request:

1. A centrifugal scraper film forming thermal cracking reactor, comprising a furnace body (2), a reducer (1) driven scraper assembly (3), a spiral flue (4), a heat preservation cover (5), and a resistance The gas discharge device (6) is characterized in that: the furnace body (2) is provided with a low temperature reaction zone (VL), a high temperature reaction zone (VH) and a carbonization zone (VC) from top to bottom, scraping Plate assembly (3) consists of primary distribution plate (b), multiple sets of scrapers (d), scraper frame (c), baffle plate (e), secondary distribution plate (f), discharge plate (g) And the main shaft (a), which is fixedly connected to the primary distribution plate (b) from the bottom to the bottom of the main shaft (a), the scraper frame (c), the baffle plate (e), the secondary distribution plate (f) , baffle (e), secondary distribution plate (f), scraper frame (c), baffle plate (e), secondary distribution plate (f), discharge plate (g), scraper (d) Suspended on the sliding shaft of the scraper holder (c), when rotating, scraper

(d) Slide the main cylinder (X) cylinder wall on the slide shaft.

2. The centrifugal squeegee film forming thermal cracking reactor according to claim 1, wherein: the squeegee (d) is provided with a groove of 2-75° angle, and the bottom of the groove is provided with a slope, a groove The groove has a groove depth of 0.5-3mm at one end and a groove depth of 3 - 20诵 at the other end.

3. The centrifugal squeegee film forming thermal cracking reactor according to claim 1, wherein: the furnace body (2) is composed of a main cylinder (x), a furnace cover (y) and a furnace bottom (z) , wherein the main cylinder (X) of the furnace body (2) has a diameter of Φ219 - Φ.2500.

4. The centrifugal squeegee film forming thermal cracking reactor according to claim 1, wherein: the spiral piece (y) of the spiral flue (4) has a pitch of 100-300 Å and a width of 50-200.瞧, an adjustable damper (A:) of 100X100 to 200X200 is opened at 1/5 - 1/2 of the lower part of the outer wall of the flue of the spiral flue (4).

The centrifugal squeegee film forming thermal cracking reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that the gas venting device (6) is composed of a star hopper (61) and a screw conveyor (62). Wherein, the screw (R) tip in the screw conveyor (62) is eccentrically connected to the left and right swinging gas barrier (M).

A method of applying the centrifugal squeegee forming thermal cracking reaction of a thermal cracking reactor according to claim 1, wherein the method steps are:

1) Let the flue gas of 700-850 °C enter the spiral flue (4) of the furnace body (2), and heat the wall of the main cylinder (x) of the furnace body (2) into three temperature intervals, upper part It is a low temperature zone of 350-400 ° C, a high temperature zone of 400-500 ° C in the middle, and a carbonization zone of 650-750 下部 in the lower part;

2) Start the motor of the scraper assembly (3) so that it rotates in the main body of the furnace, and the rotation speed is 5-110 rpm.

3) The preheated or melted material is added to the rotating primary distribution plate (b) from the upper feed port of the furnace body (2), and the material is thrown to the furnace body (2) main cylinder under the action of centrifugal force. (X) the wall of the cylinder, and flows downwards. At this time, the centrifugal force generated when the squeegee (d) rotates throws the squeegee (d) itself along the sliding axis toward the main body (X) of the furnace body (2). The wall of the cylinder is rotated tightly against the wall of the cylinder, and the material flowing down is scraped into a film and moved downward along the wall of the furnace body. The formed film is in contact with the wall of the main cylinder of the high-heat furnace body, and cracking occurs between the cylinders. The generated oil and gas are discharged from the upper outlet of the furnace body, and are condensed and compressed to obtain oil and gas. The generated carbon black moves downward along the wall of the main cylinder of the furnace body under the action of the scraper, and passes through the wall of the cylinder. The low temperature zone, the high temperature zone and the carbonization zone are completely carbonized and discharged from the outlet of the gas barrier discharge device at the bottom of the furnace body.