WO2011052279A1 - 相変化記録膜を有する相変化装置、及び相変化記録膜の相変化スイッチング方法 - Google Patents
相変化記録膜を有する相変化装置、及び相変化記録膜の相変化スイッチング方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011052279A1 WO2011052279A1 PCT/JP2010/063490 JP2010063490W WO2011052279A1 WO 2011052279 A1 WO2011052279 A1 WO 2011052279A1 JP 2010063490 W JP2010063490 W JP 2010063490W WO 2011052279 A1 WO2011052279 A1 WO 2011052279A1
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- G11B7/12—Heads, e.g. forming of the optical beam spot or modulation of the optical beam
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N70/00—Solid-state devices having no potential barriers, and specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching
- H10N70/20—Multistable switching devices, e.g. memristors
- H10N70/231—Multistable switching devices, e.g. memristors based on solid-state phase change, e.g. between amorphous and crystalline phases, Ovshinsky effect
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N70/00—Solid-state devices having no potential barriers, and specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching
- H10N70/801—Constructional details of multistable switching devices
- H10N70/881—Switching materials
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- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
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Definitions
- phase change recording film materials used as optical recording such as DVD-RAM or solid electric memory called solid phase change memory (PCRAM)
- phase change between crystal and amorphous occurs.
- the present invention relates to a phase change device having a phase change recording film in which such a phase change occurs and a phase change switching method for inducing a phase change of the phase change recording film.
- a recording film used in optical recording such as DVD-RAM and solid phase change memory (PCRAM) is a compound called chalcogen mainly composed of Te or Sb.
- chalcogen mainly composed of Te or Sb.
- a pulsed laser beam such as a semiconductor laser or pulse current into the thin film, causing a phase change from crystal to amorphous or vice versa.
- JP-A-5-101388 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 7-309065 JP-A-8-45076 JP 2000-322740 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-272229 JP 2003-281723 A JP 2006-168182 A JP 2006-277839 A JP 2002-214137 A JP 2009-59902 A
- the phase change process is generated by increasing the temperature by laser irradiation or current heating. For this reason, the recording speed is limited by the rotational speed of the disk and the speed of the thermal phase change.
- a typical recording linear velocity is about 20 m / s (about 6 times speed) to 60 m / s (about 17 times speed) as disclosed in Patent Document 7 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2006-168182), which is about 50 ns. Corresponds to the degree.
- the rate of phase change in a Ge—Sb—Te-based material which is a representative substance used as a material for a phase change optical recording film, is predicted to be 1 nanosecond (10 ⁇ 9 seconds) or less, and thermal Since the speed of phase change is too fast to be considered as phase change, research on the elucidation of the phase change process has become active in recent years. (For example, refer nonpatent literature 3). That is, the details of the phase change mechanism in materials that are put into practical use as DVD-RAM and the like are still unclear.
- An object of the present invention is to obtain a remarkably fast recording-erasing speed as compared with the conventional technology relating to an optical recording medium using phase change, and the phase change speed is set to the time of lattice vibration (phonon) of the phase change recording film. It is an object of the present invention to realize a technique for controlling at a cycle (about 270 fs) speed.
- the present invention provides a phase change apparatus having a phase change recording film comprising a phase change recording film and a means for supplying a femtosecond pulse laser to irradiate the phase change recording film.
- a phase change apparatus having a phase change recording film comprising a phase change recording film and a means for supplying a femtosecond pulse laser to irradiate the phase change recording film.
- Forms a pulse train of a femtosecond pulse laser and induces a phase change of the phase change recording film by irradiating the time interval of the pulse train with a time period of lattice vibration of the material of the phase change recording film.
- a phase change device having a phase change recording film characterized by being configured.
- the present invention is a phase change apparatus having a phase change recording film comprising a phase change recording film and a means for irradiating the phase change recording film with a femtosecond pulse laser, the means comprising:
- the femtosecond pulse laser is shaped into a pulse train having a first pulse and a second pulse, and the time interval between the first pulse and the second pulse, which is the time interval of the pulse train, is changed to the material of the phase change recording film.
- a phase change device having a phase change recording film, characterized in that the phase change of the phase change recording film is induced by irradiating in accordance with the time period of the lattice vibration.
- the time interval of the pulse train is preferably set to the natural frequency of the phonon mode that appears strongly after the phase change in the phase change from amorphous to crystal or from crystal to amorphous.
- phase change state is controlled by changing the intensity of the second pulse.
- the phase change recording film is formed on a silicon wafer, and the pulse train is introduced through an optical waveguide formed on the silicon wafer to irradiate the phase change recording film.
- the femtosecond pulse laser is divided by a pulse shaping device using a Michelson interferometer, a Mach-Zehnder interferometer, or a liquid crystal light modulation element, and shaped into a pulse train having a femtosecond time interval. Preferably there is.
- the present invention is a phase change switching method in which a phase change recording film is subjected to phase change by irradiating a phase change recording film with a femtosecond pulse laser, and the femtosecond pulse laser is shaped into a pulse train, Phase change of the phase change recording film is characterized by inducing a phase change of the phase change recording film by irradiating the time interval of the pulse train with a time period of lattice vibration of the material of the phase change recording film.
- a phase change switching method is provided.
- the present invention provides a phase change switching method in which a phase change recording film is irradiated with a femtosecond pulse laser to change the phase of the phase change recording film. And a pulse train having a second pulse, and the time interval between the first pulse and the second pulse, which is the time interval of the pulse train, is made to coincide with the time period of lattice vibration of the material of the phase change recording film.
- a phase change switching method for changing the phase of a phase change recording film wherein the phase change of the phase change recording film is induced by irradiation.
- the time interval of the pulse train is preferably set to the natural frequency of the phonon mode that appears strongly after the phase change in the phase change from amorphous to crystal or from crystal to amorphous.
- the femtosecond pulse laser is preferably divided by a pulse shaping device using a Michelson interferometer, a Mach-Zehnder interferometer, or a liquid crystal light modulation element, and shaped into a pulse train having a femtosecond time interval. .
- phase change recording film applicable to an optical recording film or a solid phase change memory (electrical memory) with a laser
- phase change from crystal to amorphous and phase change from amorphous to crystal can be induced at an ultra-high speed of femtosecond, it becomes possible to create a high-speed solid phase change memory capable of writing and erasing at terahertz frequencies. .
- phase change can be induced even when a femtosecond pulse laser emitted from a small non-amplified femtosecond pulse laser light source is used as excitation light (power is 31 mW or less), and phase change is caused. Since it is very power-saving, if a femtosecond pulse laser emitted from an ultra-compact fiber type femtosecond pulse laser light source can be used as excitation light, a versatile high-speed recording / erasing device can be created. You can also.
- FIG. 1 is a figure explaining the principle of the femtosecond laser pulse control of the umbrella flip flop transition in this invention
- (b) is a figure which shows the displacement of Ge atom in the phase change from an amorphous to a crystal
- FIG. It is a figure explaining the relationship between the femtosecond pulse laser which comes from a laser pulse light source, and the laser pulse train which has the time interval of the femtosecond after shaping this laser. It is a figure explaining the structure of the femtosecond pulse laser supply apparatus of this invention.
- a mode for carrying out a phase change device having a phase change recording film and a phase change switching method of the phase change recording film according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings based on the embodiments.
- the present inventor shows the phonon (lattice vibration) time period (vibration period) directly involved in the phase change of the phase change recording film material as shown in FIG.
- Control of the phonon amplitude by synchronizing the time interval ⁇ t of the excitation laser pulse train as shown in a) (if the laser pulse train includes two pulses, the time interval ⁇ t between these two pulses)
- the phase change can occur at high speed (within 1 ns) through a non-thermal (coherent) process rather than a thermal process.
- phase change recording film used as a phase change device, and controlled the light in ultrafast time units of femtoseconds.
- a phase change device having a phase change recording film for generating a phase change switch and a phase change switching method for the phase change recording film have been conceived.
- femtosecond pulse laser light (referred to as “femtosecond pulse laser” in this specification). Is shaped into a laser pulse train having a femtosecond time interval (laser pulse train for excitation) using a Michelson interferometer, a Mach-Zehnder interferometer, or a pulse waveform shaping device using a liquid crystal light modulation element. Are repeatedly emitted as excitation light to the phase change recording film to forcibly generate a phase change in ultrafast time units of femtoseconds.
- the laser pulse train is obtained by moving at least one of the mirror pair constituting the interferometer arranged on the electric stage or the piezo stage with an accuracy of about 1 ⁇ m.
- the time interval of (double pulse in the case of interferometer) was controlled.
- a two-pulse laser pulse train (two excitation pulses) having a femtosecond time interval is shaped using a Michelson interferometer. A configuration in which two excitation pulses) are repeatedly irradiated will be described.
- the time interval of the laser pulse train is changed to a phonon mode (A 1 mode due to the structure of GeTe 4 directly related to the phase change.
- a 1 mode spectroscopically means “totally symmetric mode”.
- the phase change process can be induced at a high speed through a non-thermal (coherent) process instead of thermal control.
- a pulse waveform shaping device using a liquid crystal light modulation element it is possible to shape a laser pulse train of up to about 10 shots. Even in this case, the time interval of the laser pulse train is directly related to the phase change. It is important to synchronize with the time period (vibration period) of the phonon mode.
- the phonon mode to be synchronized for example, it is desirable to match the strongest mode that appears after the phase change.
- the vibration mode where the frequency that appears strongly after the phase change is 3.7 THz.
- This vibration mode is a phonon vibration localized in a GeTe 4 lattice containing Ge atoms considered to play a central role in the phase change model.
- Ge—Sb—Te based materials such as Ge 1 Sb 2 Te 5 and Ge 1 Sb 4 Te 7 , the phase change from amorphous to crystal (or vice versa). It is better to match with the natural frequency of the phonon mode that appears strongly after phase change.
- the number of pulses constituting a laser pulse train having a shaped femtosecond time interval is two cases (a femtosecond pulse laser).
- the phase change state can be sequentially controlled by changing the light intensity of the second pulse.
- the relationship between the “femtosecond pulse laser” coming from the laser pulse light source and the “laser pulse train having a femtosecond time interval” after shaping the laser will be described.
- a femtosecond pulse laser see FIG. 2A
- the pulse is divided into two at a femtosecond (eg, 270 fs) time interval by a Michelson interferometer or the like.
- the laser beam is shaped into a “laser pulse train having a femtosecond time interval” (see FIG. 2B), which is composed of two excitation pulses (first pulse and second pulse).
- the means for shaping a laser pulse train composed of two excitation pulses having a time interval of femtoseconds will be described in detail in an embodiment to be described later and FIG.
- a plurality of pulse trains composed of these two excitation pulses are repeated (see FIG. 2C), and irradiated to the phase change recording film.
- the repetition period of the pulse train composed of two excitation pulses is, for example, about 80 MHz (see FIG. 2C). Therefore, two excitation pulses (a pair) are repeatedly irradiated at 80 MHz.
- the control mechanism for sequentially controlling the phase change state described above is such that the first pulse induces coherent phonons in the material structure of the target phase change recording film, gives coherent fluctuations, and the second pulse The phase change state of the substance is changed stepwise according to its strength.
- the pulse width is 100 fs (if possible, 20 fs or less) as a femtosecond pulse laser (see FIG. 2B).
- the wavelength (energy) of the femtosecond pulse laser is preferably not less than the band gap energy of the substance of the target phase change recording film, and the Ge—Sb—Te having a band gap energy of about 0.5 to 0.7 eV.
- electronic excitation and coherent phonon excitation can be performed without problems at a central wavelength of a normal titanium sapphire laser of 750 to 900 nm (1.65 to 1.38 eV).
- the repetition period of the laser pulse train obtained by shaping the femtosecond pulse laser must be longer than the phase change time scale (within 1 ns), and this repetition period may be 1 GHz or less in frequency. is necessary.
- about 70 to 80 MHz is used as a repetition of the non-amplification type titanium sapphire laser (see the example of 80 MHz in FIG. 2C), but the amplification type titanium sapphire laser has a frequency of about 1 kHz to 1 MHz. It becomes a repetition cycle.
- the phonon amplitude is controlled by synchronizing the time interval of the laser pulse train (the time interval of two pulses included in the laser pulse train), and a coherent (non-thermal) process is performed.
- Phase change can be induced at a very high speed of femtosecond (switching of phase change), but it is necessary to measure the state of this phase change in the real-time region and prove the effect of the present invention. .
- Raman scattering spectroscopy and infrared spectroscopy which are conventional phonon measurement methods, can basically only identify structural changes before and after phase changes, and track structural changes due to ultra-fast femtosecond phase changes. It is extremely difficult to do. Therefore, in the research and development of the present invention, a time-resolved reflectivity measuring means by pump / probe spectroscopy was used in the measurement of phase change and the verification of the effect.
- a pump using a femtosecond pulse laser as a light source in order to measure an ultrafast phase change state in a phase change recording film material occurring in 1 nanosecond (10 ⁇ 9 seconds) or less in a real time region.
- -Coherent phonons were measured using time-resolved reflectance measurement means by probe spectroscopy.
- Pump-probe spectroscopy is a well-known technique, which is a means of observing a phenomenon that occurs at a high speed, such as a chemical reaction, divided in time.
- the time-resolved reflectance measurement by this pump-probe spectroscopy is well-known (for example, refer patent document 9).
- the time-resolved reflectance measurement means uses a femtosecond pulse laser as pump light (excitation light) and probe light (search light), and at least one of the pump light and probe light is time-delayed by an optical delay circuit to record phase change.
- the coherent phonon which is a lattice vibration in the phase change recording film material, is excited by irradiation of pump light by condensing with a lens or a concave mirror to the film material, and the solid sample is condensed with the lens or the concave mirror.
- Non-Patent Document 3 and Patent Document 10 As described above, as a mechanism of phase change, as shown in Non-Patent Document 3 and Patent Document 10, in Ge—Sb—Te-based materials, a model in which Ge atoms in the basic unit cell are slightly displaced. (Umbrella flip-flop transition: see FIG. 1A), phonons resulting from the structure of GeTe 4 including Ge atoms (A 1 mode; total symmetry mode) to GeTe 6 By measuring the phonon frequency change associated with the transition to (A 1 mode; total symmetry mode), it becomes possible to identify the structural change associated with the phase change in real time in femtoseconds.
- a 1 mode total symmetry mode
- the dynamic process of the phase change can be identified from the phonon frequency change.
- a means for integrating and monitoring the vibration signal of the coherent phonon is required, but it is desirable to use a first scan type (see Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-226224) that can monitor the coherent phonon in real time.
- Embodiment 1 of a phase change device having a phase change recording film and a phase change switching method for a phase change recording film according to the present invention will be described below.
- the phase change device having the phase change recording film of the present invention includes a femtosecond pulse laser supply device 1 and a phase change unit 14.
- the phase change unit 14 includes a silicon wafer 16 as a base material, a phase change recording film 18 used as a phase change device, and an optical waveguide 17 as shown in FIG.
- the phase change recording film 18 is formed on the silicon wafer 16 and is composed of a superlattice thin film of Ge 2 Sb 2 Te 5 .
- this superlattice thin film is composed of a repeating structure of a phase change thin film 19 of GeTe / Sb 2 Te 3 .
- the superlattice thin film has a multilayer structure in which 20 phase change thin films 19 of GeTe and Sb 2 Te 3 are stacked.
- the thickness of each layer of GeTe and Sb 2 Te 3 was about 0.5 nm.
- the optical waveguide 17 is formed on the silicon wafer 16, the output end of the optical waveguide 17 is connected to the phase change recording film 18 by a coupling element 23 (or coupling agent), and the input end of the optical waveguide 17 is The optical fiber 4 and the coupling element 24 (or coupling agent) are connected.
- the optical waveguide 17 introduces a laser pulse train having a time interval of femtosecond obtained by shaping the femtosecond pulse laser from the light source 2 with the Michelson interferometer 3 or the like, and a coupling element 23 ( Or, it is irradiated through a coupling agent).
- the phase change device having the phase change recording film 18 according to the present invention includes an optical recording device, an ultrafast switching switch for turning on / off current using a switching function based on phase change, or a solid phase change memory (digital) using phase change. Memory).
- the femtosecond pulse laser supply apparatus 1 introduces a femtosecond pulse laser into a femtosecond pulse laser light source 2 that generates a femtosecond pulse laser, a Michelson interferometer 3, and an optical waveguide 17. And an optical fiber 4 to be used.
- the Michelson interferometer 3 includes a half mirror 5 and two mirrors 6 and 7 (a pair of mirrors).
- a high-speed switching shutter 8 is provided in the optical path of one of the mirrors 6.
- an electric stage 25 (or a piezo stage) is provided under the mirror 7, and the excitation pulse from one of the two mirrors 6 and 7 can be delayed in time ( ⁇ t).
- a moving mirror 10 is provided in the optical path between the Michelson interferometer 3 and the coupling element 9 on the input side of the optical fiber 4, and the excitation light pulse train from the Michelson interferometer 3 is provided.
- the search light can be delayed in time.
- the femtosecond pulse laser from the light source 2 is shaped into a laser pulse train composed of two excitation pulses having a femtosecond time interval (see FIG. 2B), and this laser pulse train is repeated a plurality of times (FIG. 2C). And input to the optical fiber 4 through the coupling element 9.
- the time interval ⁇ t of the two pulses is controlled.
- the femtosecond pulse laser supply apparatus 1 includes a beam splitter 11 that divides excitation light and search light, and a beam splitter 12 for recombining excitation light and search light, It also constitutes time-resolved reflectance measuring means.
- the femtosecond pulse laser (see FIG. 2A) supplied from the femtosecond pulse laser light source 2 has a pulse width of 20 fs, a center wavelength of 850 nm, a repetition period of 80 MHz, and a time-resolved reflectivity measurement.
- the number of signal integrations in the first scan in the means is 2000.
- the time-resolved reflectance measurement was performed using a femtosecond pulse laser with a pulse width of 20 fs, a center wavelength of 850 nm, and a repetition period of 80 MHz, and the number of signal integrations in the first scan was 2000.
- the pulse for exciting the phase change recording film 18 is blocked by the shutter 8 or the like in the Michelson interferometer 3 so as to be a single pulse (intensity is 31 mW) that arrives at a repetition period of 80 MHz.
- a single pulse intensity is 31 mW
- time-resolved reflectance measurement is performed.
- the results of this time-resolved reflectance measurement are shown in FIG.
- the structure of the phase change recording film is once reset (amorphous) in advance.
- a coherent phonon signal appears as a vibration component over a period of several picoseconds.
- the femtosecond pulse laser is divided into laser pulse trains (double pulses composed of a first pulse and a second pulse) having a femtosecond time interval by the Michelson interferometer 3 (see FIG. 2B). ), Repeating this laser pulse train (see FIG. 2C), coupling element 9, optical fiber 4, coupling element 24 (or coupling agent), optical waveguide 17 and coupling element 23 (or coupling agent). Then, the case where the phase-change recording film 18 is irradiated from its end face and time-resolved reflectance measurement is performed will be described.
- FIG. 6 shows the frequency change of the coherent phonon when the time interval ⁇ t of the laser pulse train (double pulse) generated by the Michelson interferometer 3 is changed.
- the intensity of the pulse at this time is equal to the intensity of the single pulse and is 31 mW for both the first excitation pulse and the second excitation pulse.
- FIG. 1 indicates that the phase change from amorphous to crystal occurs in a resonant manner and at an ultrafast time of 280 fs or less.
- the frequency of the A 1 mode due to the structure of GeTe 4 is shifted gradually to the low frequency side, it can be seen up to about 3.7THz at about 31 mW. Even if this result is seen, it is proved that the phase change is sequentially controlled according to the magnitude of the light intensity of the second pulse.
- Example 2 of the phase change device having the phase change recording film and the phase change switching method of the phase change recording film according to the present invention will be described based on the configuration shown in FIG.
- the second embodiment has basically the same configuration as that of the first embodiment.
- the phase change device having the phase change recording film of the present invention is applied as an open / close switch for turning on / off current. .
- Example 2 a phase change recording film, which is a phase change device, is irradiated with a first pulse of a laser pulse train (double pulse) shaped from a femtosecond pulse laser to generate coherent phonons, By controlling the light by irradiating the second pulse, a phase change is forcibly generated in ultrafast time units of femtoseconds, and the conductivity is changed to control current conduction as shown in FIG. This is configured as an open / close switch 15.
- the phase change unit 14 in the second embodiment has the same configuration as that of the first embodiment, and the description thereof is omitted here.
- the optical waveguide 17 formed on the silicon wafer 16 has a diameter of 10 ⁇ m. .
- each of the phase change thin films 19 of GeTe and Sb 2 Te 3 constituting the phase change recording film 18 was about 1 nm.
- electrodes 20 made of Al (aluminum) are arranged above and below the phase change recording film 18, a DC voltage of 3 V is applied, and an ammeter 22 is inserted into the circuit 21. .
- the phase change recording film 18 was once reset (amorphous) in advance by a current pulse of 0.2 mA and a pulse time of 5 ns as described in Patent Document 10.
- the laser pulse train (double pulse) is applied to the phase change recording film 18 via the optical fiber 4, the coupling element 24 (or coupling agent), the optical waveguide 17 and the coupling element 23 (or coupling agent). Irradiated from the end face.
- the excitation pulse of the laser pulse train resonates with the lattice vibration of the phase change recording film 18 depending on the condition setting of the laser pulse train shaped from the femtosecond pulse laser. An example in the case of not doing so will be described below.
- an optical waveguide 17 having a diameter of 10 ⁇ m is formed on a silicon wafer, and a phase change recording film comprising a repeating structure of a GeTe / Sb 2 Te 3 phase change thin film 19 on one end face of the optical waveguide 17.
- the phase change unit 14 having 18 was prepared, and the thickness of each layer of the phase change thin film 19 of GeTe and Sb 2 Te 3 was about 1 nm.
- Electrodes 20 made of Al were disposed above and below the phase change unit 14, a DC voltage of 3 V was applied, and an ammeter 22 was inserted into the circuit 21.
- the phase change recording film 18 is once reset (amorphous) in advance by a current pulse of 0.2 mA and a pulse time of 5 ns, and then a femtosecond pulse laser having a center wavelength of 850 nm (frequency about 350 THz) (full width at half maximum is about 20 fs,
- the laser pulse train double pulse
- Agent the optical waveguide 17 and the coupling element 23 (or coupling agent)
- the phase change recording film 18 was irradiated from its end face.
- the time interval ⁇ t in the laser pulse train (double pulse) needs to be set so that the repetition frequency of the laser pulse train resonates with the vibration frequency of the phase change recording film.
- the time interval ⁇ t 276 fs is a meaningful condition.
- phase change recording film for causing the phase change was not a superlattice structure but a single-layer Ge 2 Sb 2 Te 5 phase change thin film.
- the reason why the single-layer structure is used is to show that the same control principle is applied to the multilayer structure and the single-layer structure, and there is no essential difference.
- the incident power of the laser pulse train may provide the activation energy necessary for the phase change. An example of the case where it cannot be exceeded will be described below.
- the phase change recording film As in Example 2, an optical waveguide 17 having a diameter of 10 ⁇ m was formed on the silicon wafer 16. As described above, the phase change recording film is a Ge 2 Sb 2 Te 5 phase change thin film 19 composed of a single layer. The film thickness of the phase change recording film is a phase change thin film formed by stacking superlattice structures as described in Example 2. The total film thickness of the recording film 19 was the same. Next, a DC voltage of 3 V was applied as in Example 2, and an ammeter was inserted into the circuit.
- the device resistance before and after the irradiation with the laser pulse train shaped from the femtosecond pulse laser was measured, it was 1 M ⁇ before the measurement and 1 M ⁇ after the measurement. This is considered to be due to the fact that the femtosecond pulse laser, which is a different condition from Example 2, has an intensity of 5 mW, and the incident power of the laser pulse train cannot exceed the activation energy required for phase change. .
- a phase change from amorphous to crystal in a Ge—Sb—Te-based material put into practical use for DVD-RAM or the like can be performed without using a large-scale laser system such as a femtosecond regenerative amplifier. It can be caused by a power saving power of about 31 mW that can be easily achieved even with a type femtosecond pulse laser, and in an ultrafast time of 280 fs or less.
- the present invention is not only used as an optical recording device applied to a DVD-RAM or the like, but also used as an ultrafast optical switching device in a terahertz region by controlling the movement of atoms, or recorded at a terahertz speed. It can be used as a completely new large-capacity solid-state memory device in which erasable light and electrons are fused.
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Abstract
Description
(1)光記録膜や固体相変化メモリ(電気メモリ)に適用可能な相変化記録膜に、レーザー照射することで、フェムト秒の超高速(周波数にしてテラヘルツ=1012Hz)で相変化を誘起できるので、相変化の書き換え速度を格段に向上させることができる。
原子の集団運動である格子振動(フォノン)の周波数は、固体の構造変化に非常に敏感であり、これまでラマン散乱分光やコヒーレントフォノン分光は、強誘電体等における構造相転移の動的過程の計測に用いられてきた。特に、光記録膜材料におけるラマン散乱の適用に限っては、例えば、特開平07-141693号公報や特開平10-166738号公報において報告されている。
実施例1の構成をさらに明確にするために、その作用、測定例を説明する。時間分解反射率測定の形態は、上記したように、パルス幅20fs、中心波長850nm、繰り返し周期80MHzのフェムト秒パルスレーザーを使用し、またファーストスキャンにおける信号の積算回数は2000回とした。
実施例2と同様の構成の図8に示す相変化ユニット14において、フェムト秒パルスレーザーから整形されたレーザーパルス列の条件設定によっては、レーザーパルス列の励起パルスが相変化記録膜18の格子振動と共鳴しない場合の例を、以下説明する。
この測定例2では、相変化を生じさせる相変化記録膜は、超格子構造でなく一層からなるGe2Sb2Te5相変化薄膜を使用した。ここで、一層構造を用いた理由は、多層構造でも一層構造でも同様の制御原理が適用されることを示す為であり、本質的な違いはない。この相変化記録膜をシリコンウエハー上に形成して成る相変化ユニットにおいて、フェムト秒パルスレーザーから整形されたレーザーパルス列の条件設定によっては、レーザーパルス列の入射パワーが相変化に必要な活性化エネルギーを超えられない場合の例を、以下説明する。
2 光源
3 マイケルソン型干渉計
4 光ファイバー
5 ハーフミラー
6、7 2つのミラー
8 切り替えシャッター
9 カップリング素子
10 移動ミラー
11 励起光および探索光を分割するビームスプリッタ
12 励起光および探索光を再結合させる為のビームスプリッタ
14 相変化ユニット
15 開閉スイッチ
16 シリコンウエハー
17 光導波路
18 相変化記録膜
19 相変化薄膜
20 電極
21 回路
22 電流計
23、24 カップリング素子
25 電動ステージ
Claims (13)
- 相変化記録膜と、フェムト秒パルスレーザーを供給し相変化記録膜に照射する手段を備えた相変化記録膜を有する相変化装置であって、
前記手段は、1個のフェムト秒レーザーパルスから、複数のパルスを有するパルス列に分割し、該パルス列の時間間隔を、前記相変化記録膜の材料の格子振動の時間周期に一致させて照射することによって相変化記録膜の相変化を誘起する構成であることを特徴とする相変化記録膜を有する相変化装置。 - 相変化記録膜と、相変化記録膜にフェムト秒パルスレーザーを照射する手段を備えた相変化記録膜を有する相変化装置であって、
前記手段は、1個のフェムト秒レーザーパルスを、第1のパルスと第2のパルスを有するパルス列に分割し、該パルス列の時間間隔である第1のパルスと第2のパルスの時間間隔を、前記相変化記録膜の材料の格子振動の時間周期に一致させて照射することによって相変化記録膜の相変化を誘起する構成であることを特徴とする相変化記録膜を有する相変化装置。 - 前記パルス列の時間間隔は、アモルファスから結晶又は結晶からアモルファスへの相変化において、相変化後に強く表れるフォノンモードの固有振動数に設定されていることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の相変化記録膜を有する相変化装置。
- 前記第2のパルスの強度を変化させることにより前記相変化の状態を制御する構成であることを特徴とする請求項2記載の相変化記録膜を有する相変化装置。
- 前記相変化記録膜は、シリコンウエハー上に形成されており、該シリコンウエハー上に形成された光導波路を通して前記パルス列が導入され、相変化記録膜に照射される構成であることを特徴とする請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の相変化記録膜を有する相変化装置。
- 前記フェムト秒パルスレーザーは、マイケルソン型干渉計、マッハ・ツェンダー型干渉計、又は液晶光変調素子を用いたパルス整形装置により分割されて、フェムト秒の時間間隔を有するパルス列に整形される構成であることを特徴とする請求項1~5のいずれかに記載の相変化記録膜を有する相変化装置。
- 前記相変化記録膜の材料は、Ge2Sb2Te5であり、前記パルス列の時間間隔Δtは、Ge原子を含むGeTe4格子に局在した格子振動の時間周期に合わせ、Δt=276fs(周波数にして3.62THz)に設定されていることを特徴とする請求項1~6のいずれかに記載の相変化記録膜を有する相変化装置。
- 相変化記録膜にフェムト秒パルスレーザーを照射して相変化記録膜を相変化させる相変化スイッチング方法であって、
1個のフェムト秒レーザーパルスから、複数のパルスを有するパルス列に分割し、該パルス列の時間間隔を、前記相変化記録膜の材料の格子振動の時間周期に一致させて照射することによって相変化記録膜の相変化を誘起することを特徴とする相変化記録膜を相変化させる相変化スイッチング方法。 - 相変化記録膜にフェムト秒パルスレーザーを照射して相変化記録膜を相変化させる相変化スイッチング方法であって、
1個のフェムト秒レーザーパルスを、第1のパルスと第2のパルスを有するパルス列に分割し、該パルス列の時間間隔である第1のパルスと第2のパルスの時間間隔を、前記相変化記録膜の材料の格子振動の時間周期に一致させて照射することによって相変化記録膜の相変化を誘起することを特徴とする相変化記録膜を相変化させる相変化スイッチング方法。 - 前記パルス列の時間間隔は、アモルファスから結晶又は結晶からアモルファスへの相変化において、相変化後に強く表れるフォノンモードの固有振動数に設定することを特徴とする請求項8又は9に記載の相変化記録膜を相変化させる相変化スイッチング方法。
- 前記第2のパルスの強度を変化させることにより前記相変化の状態を制御することを特徴とする請求項9記載の相変化記録膜を相変化させる相変化スイッチング方法。
- 前記フェムト秒パルスレーザーを、マイケルソン型干渉計、マッハ・ツェンダー型干渉計、又は液晶光変調素子を用いたパルス整形装置により分割して、フェムト秒の時間間隔を有するパルス列に整形することを特徴とする請求項8~11のいずれかに記載の相変化記録膜を相変化させる相変化スイッチング方法。
- 前記相変化記録膜の材料として、Ge2Sb2Te5を使用し、前記パルス列の時間間隔Δtは、Ge原子を含むGeTe4格子に局在した格子振動の時間周期に合わせ、Δt=276fs(周波数にして3.62THz)に設定することを特徴とする請求項8~12のいずれかに記載の相変化記録膜を相変化させる相変化スイッチング方法。
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