WO2011050555A1 - 含碳固体燃料的中温快速热解及多次裂解的方法 - Google Patents

含碳固体燃料的中温快速热解及多次裂解的方法 Download PDF

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WO2011050555A1
WO2011050555A1 PCT/CN2010/000023 CN2010000023W WO2011050555A1 WO 2011050555 A1 WO2011050555 A1 WO 2011050555A1 CN 2010000023 W CN2010000023 W CN 2010000023W WO 2011050555 A1 WO2011050555 A1 WO 2011050555A1
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pyrolysis
gas
biomass
furnace
solid fuel
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PCT/CN2010/000023
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English (en)
French (fr)
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韩剑锋
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中节环(北京)能源技术有限公司
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Publication of WO2011050555A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011050555A1/zh

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10BDESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B53/00Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
    • C10B53/02Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10BDESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B49/00Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated
    • C10B49/02Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with hot gases or vapours, e.g. hot gases obtained by partial combustion of the charge
    • C10B49/04Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with hot gases or vapours, e.g. hot gases obtained by partial combustion of the charge while moving the solid material to be treated
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel

Definitions

  • the method of medium temperature rapid pyrolysis and multiple cracking of the carbon-containing solid fuel of the invention is in the technical field of energy chemical industry; in particular, the field of thermochemical technology of biomass; in particular, the biomass gasification method for realizing high temperature entrained gasification of biomass
  • the technical field of pyrolysis treatment specifically relates to the technical field of medium temperature rapid pyrolysis and multiple cracking of carbon-containing solid fuel. Background technique
  • Biomass is an organic substance produced by the absorption of carbon dioxide in the air through photosynthesis. It is widely distributed, widely available, and is the only renewable natural raw material that contains hydrocarbon components and heat. It can be used as energy source. Utilization and chemical production, featuring zero CO 2 emissions. With the decreasing of traditional fossil energy reserves and the environmental pollution caused by the use of fossil energy, it has become the consensus of governments of all countries to attach importance to and develop renewable and environmentally friendly energy. Through thermochemical, biochemical and other methods, it can transform biomass into clean gas or liquid fuel, produce synthetic diesel/gasoline, chemical products and meet power demand, etc. It has the potential to completely replace fossil energy and become a priority for countries around the world. New energy.
  • biomass gasification technology can adapt to all kinds of biomass compared with other technologies, and has the capacity of industrial large-scale production.
  • the gasification process of biomass is a thermochemical process, in which a biomass material reacts with a gasifying agent (air, oxygen, water vapor, carbon dioxide, etc.) at a high temperature to convert a solid bio-shield material into a solid
  • a gasifying agent air, oxygen, water vapor, carbon dioxide, etc.
  • the present invention is a key technology that must be preferentially solved in the process of producing refined syngas from renewable solid fuels such as biomass and garbage.
  • the blue syngas refers to: in the syngas directly obtained by gasification, CO and the main component, no tar, (3 ⁇ 4 content ⁇ 0. 5% 0 refined syngas is mainly used to produce synthetic diesel/gasoline, Olefins, alkanes, naphtha, lubricating oils, and as fuel cell raw materials, etc., suitable for the production of various chemical products, as well as new energy utilization of various ultra-clean oil products, especially in the field of renewable biomass energy utilization, It is a key technology in the biomass chemical industry and biomass new oil industry.
  • the biomass pyrolysis technology must be prioritized.
  • the syngas mainly adopts entrained flow gasification technology (the gasification temperature is higher, the temperature in the furnace is relatively uniform, the tar is completely cracked in the entrained flow bed, the CH 4 content is less, and the entrained flow bed has good amplification characteristics, which is especially suitable for Large-scale industrial application).
  • entrained-flow gasification has strict limits on the particle size of raw materials, and the raw materials entering the entrained flow bed need to be ground into ultra-fine micron-scale.
  • Granules however, according to the existing crushing or milling technology, it is impossible to grind the biomass material containing more fiber into the particle size required for the operation of the entrained flow bed, which results in the inability to directly use the biomass feedstock for the entrained flow bed.
  • Gasification and the best method is to pyrolyze the biomass, decompose the biomass into pyrolysis gas and solid carbon, and then send it to the gas flow bed for gasification. This is the technical significance and purpose of this patent application.
  • Biomass pyrolysis means that biomass is in the absence of oxidants (air, oxygen, water vapor) Etc.) The presence or limitation of limited oxygen, heating to a certain temperature at a certain heating rate, and decomposition of lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose in biomass into solid carbon and pyrolysis by thermochemical reaction A thermochemical conversion technique for gas.
  • the bio-shield pyrolysis process is mainly divided into two categories, one is the slow pyrolysis of biomass, and the other is rapid pyrolysis of biomass and/or flash pyrolysis.
  • the pyrolysis temperature includes low temperature pyrolysis (250 ⁇ 400 °C), medium temperature pyrolysis (400 ⁇ 600 °C), high temperature pyrolysis (600 ⁇ 800 °C), and pyrolysis products are classified into three categories according to their physical properties. : Solid carbon, non-condensable components of pyrolysis gas, condensable components of pyrolysis gas.
  • the slow pyrolysis also known as dry distillation process, traditional pyrolysis process
  • Rapid pyrolysis is the placement of very finely ground biomass feedstock in a rapid pyrolysis unit with a high heating rate (typically 200 C / s) and a high pyrolysis temperature (typically around 600 ° C).
  • the biomass material is rapidly heated to a higher temperature, thereby causing the thermal decomposition of the substance, and the pyrolysis gas produced by the pyrolysis has more condensable components and less non-condensing components. And a small amount of solid carbon product.
  • the condensable component is rapidly cooled to a flowable liquid, known as biocrude, which typically ranges from 40% to 60% of the mass of the feedstock.
  • the heating rate is high, When the reaction time is extreme ( ⁇ 0.5 s), it is also called flash pyrolysis. Flash pyrolysis usually grinds the biomass material very fine, mainly used to increase the production of biocrude.
  • the biomass particle size to be pyrolyzed is wide - simple crushing, medium pyrolysis temperature, heat Fast solution, complete pyrolysis, high pyrolysis gas and all components do not condense at lower temperatures, all pyrolysis products can easily enter the gasifier, and the external energy required for pyrolysis is less , system efficiency and so on.
  • the pyrolysis process is first required to minimize the input of external energy, and the pyrolysis time is required to be short, and the pyrolysis temperature should not be too high to minimize the input of the pyrolysis device.
  • the technical requirements for biomass pyrolysis are: medium temperature, rapid pyrolysis of biomass and multiple cracking of pyrolysis gas; currently all known pyrolysis technologies cannot be due to the shortcomings, defects and drawbacks. Meet the above requirements.
  • the invention adopts the key technology of "medium temperature, rapid pyrolysis, multiple cracking", the carbon-containing solid fuel enters the pyrolysis furnace and inputs the external fuel and the oxidant for pyrolysis, and finally obtains the output carbon and outputs the pyrolysis gas; the carbon-containing gas
  • the solid fuel is biomass, and the input external fuel is input only in an initial stage of starting the pyrolysis furnace, and the oxidant is sequentially reacted with the pyrolysis gas generated by pyrolysis to provide thermal energy required for pyrolysis; during the pyrolysis process
  • the technical conditions are: (1), the average temperature in the pyrolysis furnace is 450 ° C ⁇ 550 ° C, and the output pyrolysis gas outlet temperature of the pyrolysis furnace is 450 ° C or more, thereby achieving Warming solution; (2) After the biomass enters the pyrolysis furnace, it is always turned around the pyrolysis furnace in a stirred state, and the average residence time in the pyr
  • the average residence time of the pyrolysis gas in the pyrolysis furnace is above 120S, thereby realizing rapid pyrolysis of the biomass and multiple cracking of the pyrolysis gas; (3) pressure of the pyrolysis furnace According to the output of pyrolysis gas For use, it is adjusted within the range of 0. lMPa ⁇ 5. 0 MPa.
  • the objects achieved by the present invention are as follows: 1. Gasification of biomass for application of an entrained flow bed Create preconditions and technical conditions; 2. Make full use of new biomass, which is naturally generated, large in quantity, widely distributed, and renewable, to turn waste into treasure and effectively protect the environment; 3. Adopt “medium temperature, rapid pyrolysis, Multiple cracking "key technologies, providing medium-temperature rapid pyrolysis and multiple cracking methods for carbon-containing solid fuels”; 4. Solid technical support for the development of biomass chemical industry and synthetic oil new energy industry; Protect the environment and improve overall economic efficiency.
  • the present invention achieves the intended purpose. To achieve the above object, the technical solution provided by the present invention is:
  • a medium-temperature rapid pyrolysis and multiple cracking method for a carbon-containing solid fuel wherein a carbon-containing solid fuel enters a pyrolysis furnace and inputs an external fuel and an oxidant for pyrolysis, and finally obtains an output carbon and an output pyrolysis gas;
  • the solid fuel is biomass, and the input external fuel is input only in an initial stage of starting the pyrolysis furnace, and the oxidant is sequentially reacted with the pyrolysis gas generated by pyrolysis to provide thermal energy required for pyrolysis; during the pyrolysis process
  • the technical conditions at the same time are:
  • the average temperature in the pyrolysis furnace is 450 ° C ⁇ 550 ° C, and the output pyrolysis gas outlet temperature of the pyrolysis furnace is 450 ° C or higher, thereby achieving intermediate temperature pyrolysis;
  • the biomass After the biomass enters the pyrolysis furnace, it is always flipped along the pyrolysis furnace in a stirring state, and the average residence time in the pyrolysis furnace is 600S or more, and the pyrolysis generated during the pyrolysis process The average residence time of the gas in the pyrolysis furnace is 120S.
  • the pressure of the pyrolysis furnace is adjusted in the range of 0.1 IMPa - 5. 0 MPa according to the use of the output pyrolysis gas.
  • the medium temperature rapid pyrolysis and the multiple cracking method of the carbonaceous solid fuel wherein the fuel is a combustible gas, a fuel, or a combination of any two.
  • the medium temperature rapid pyrolysis and the multiple cracking method of the carbonaceous solid fuel wherein the oxidant is one of air, oxygen, a mixture of oxygen and carbon dioxide gas, and a mixture of oxygen and nitrogen.
  • the temperature of the output pyrolysis gas is above 300 Torr and the macromolecular component of the output pyrolysis gas does not condense.
  • the technical solution provided by the present invention is used. Because the invention adopts the key technology of "medium temperature, rapid pyrolysis, multiple cracking". Since the carbon-containing solid fuel of the present invention enters the pyrolysis furnace and inputs the external fuel and the oxidant for pyrolysis, the output carbon and the output pyrolysis gas are finally obtained; the carbon-containing solid fuel is biomass, and is only input at the initial stage of starting the pyrolysis furnace.
  • the external fuel is sequentially reacted with the pyrolysis gas generated by the pyrolysis to provide the thermal energy required for pyrolysis;
  • the technical conditions for simultaneous pyrolysis are: the average temperature in the pyrolysis furnace is 450 ° C ⁇ 550 ° C, and the output heat The degassing outlet temperature is above 450 °C, and the middle temperature pyrolysis is realized; after the biomass enters the pyrolysis furnace, it is always turned around the pyrolysis furnace under stirring, and the average residence time in the pyrolysis furnace is more than 600S, and the pyrolysis gas Pyrolysis The average residence time in the furnace is more than 120S, and the bio-shield rapid pyrolysis and the pyrolysis gas are repeatedly cracked; the pyrolysis furnace pressure is adjusted in the range of 0. lMPa ⁇ 5. O MPa for the output of the pyrolysis gas.
  • the following beneficial effects are obtained:
  • the biomass of the present invention is a plant root/stem/leaf/flower/fruit, animal carcass, feces, carbohydrate waste, thereby obtaining a large amount of natural production materials, wide distribution, renewable, convenient material selection, The room has a lot of beneficial effects.
  • the maximum particle diameter of the biomass of the present invention is 50 mm or less, it is obtained that the crushing treatment of the biomass raw material is simple, and the beneficial effects of complete pyrolysis and sufficient cracking are ensured under the technical conditions described in the present invention.
  • the additive fuel of the present invention is a combination of a combustible gas, a fuel oil, or a combination of any two, and the oxidant is a mixture of air, oxygen, a mixture of oxygen and carbon dioxide gas, and a mixture of oxygen and nitrogen.
  • the invention has the advantages of large room for external fueling and oxidant selection, stable combustion and easy implementation.
  • the oxidant is sequentially reacted with the pyrolysis gas generated by pyrolysis to provide thermal energy required for pyrolysis, thereby satisfying the pyrolysis process as much as possible. It reduces the engineering application requirements of external energy input, and at the same time satisfies the beneficial effects of stable combustion and easy implementation of engineering applications.
  • the average temperature in the pyrolysis furnace of the present invention is 450 ° C to 550 ° C and the output pyrolysis gas outlet temperature is above 450 ° C, the beneficial effect of the medium temperature pyrolysis is obtained.
  • the pressure of the pyrolysis furnace of the present invention can be determined according to the use of the output pyrolysis gas in the range of 0. IMPa ⁇ 5. 0 MPa, the delivery of the pyrolysis gas to the carbon powder can be ensured, and other inert gases are avoided. The carbon powder is transported, thereby increasing the efficiency of subsequent entrained gasification.
  • a method for providing medium-temperature rapid pyrolysis and multiple cracking of a carbonaceous solid fuel by a key technology of "medium temperature, rapid pyrolysis, multiple cracking” is obtained, which is a biomass
  • the application of entrained-flow gasification technology solves the difficulties and creates the premise technical conditions, so that the natural biomass, large quantity, wide distribution, and renewable “biomass” new raw materials are turned into waste and fully utilized, and the environment is effectively protected.
  • a medium-temperature rapid pyrolysis and multiple cracking method for a carbon-containing solid fuel wherein a carbon-containing solid fuel enters a pyrolysis furnace and inputs an external fuel and an oxidant for pyrolysis, and finally obtains an output carbon and an output pyrolysis gas;
  • the solid fuel is biomass, and the input external fuel is input only in an initial stage of starting the pyrolysis furnace, and the oxidant is sequentially reacted with the pyrolysis gas generated by pyrolysis to provide thermal energy required for pyrolysis; during the pyrolysis process
  • the technical conditions at the same time are:
  • the average temperature in the pyrolysis furnace is 450 ° C ⁇ 550 ° C, and the output pyrolysis gas outlet temperature of the pyrolysis furnace is 450 ° C or more, thereby achieving medium temperature pyrolysis;
  • the medium temperature rapid pyrolysis and the multiple cracking method of the carbonaceous solid fuel wherein the fuel is a combustible gas, a fuel, or a combination of any two.
  • the medium temperature rapid pyrolysis and the multiple cracking method of the carbonaceous solid fuel wherein the oxidant is one of air, oxygen, a mixture of oxygen and carbon dioxide gas, and a mixture of oxygen and nitrogen.
  • the temperature of the output pyrolysis gas is 30 (TC or more and the macromolecular component of the output pyrolysis gas does not condense.
  • the fuel is separately implemented by a combination of a combustible gas and a fuel, or a combination of any two;
  • the oxidant is air, oxygen, oxygen and carbon dioxide respectively.
  • a mixture of mixed gas, oxygen and nitrogen was carried out; both received the expected good results.
  • the average temperature in the pyrolysis furnace can be determined in the range of 450 ° C ⁇ 550 ° C; 2, for the pressure of the pyrolysis furnace, according to the output pyrolysis The gas is used in a range of 0. lMPa ⁇ 5. 0 MPa; 3.
  • the pressure of the pyrolysis furnace is determined to be 5.0 MPa, and the temperature of the output pyrolysis gas is above 300 °C , the output pyrolysis gas does not appear condensed liquid; 4, the average temperature in the pyrolysis furnace is set below 550 °C, which is the most economical best choice, if more than 550 °C, pyrolysis The material requirements of the furnace will be greatly improved, and the production cost of the pyrolysis furnace will be greatly increased; Through the above implementation, the complete pyrolysis of the biomass and the cracking of the pyrolysis gas were achieved, and all of the expected good effects were obtained.

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Description

含碳固体燃料的中温快速热解及多次裂解的方法 技术领域
本发明含碳固体燃料的中温快速热解及多次裂解的方法为 能源化工技术领域; 特别涉及生物质的热化学技术领域; 尤其涉 及为了实现生物质的高温气流床气化方法而对生物质进行热解 处理的技术领域;具体涉及含碳固体燃料的中温快速热解及多次 裂解的方法技术领域。 背景技术
生物质是通过光合作用吸收空气中二氧化碳生成的有机物 质, 其分布广泛、 可利用量大、 并且是唯一可再生的含有碳氢组 分和热能的、可储存的自然原料; 利用生物质进行能源利用和化 工生产, 具有 co2零排放的特征。 随着传统化石能源储量的日益 减少, 以及由于使用化石能源带来的环境污染问题, 重视和发展 可再生、 环保能源已成为各国政府的共识。 通过热化学、 生物化 学等方法, 能够将生物质转变为清洁的气体或液体燃料, 生产合 成柴油 /汽油、 化工产品以及满足电力需求等等, 具有全面替代 化石能源的潜力, 成为世界各国优先发展的新能源。
将生物质转变为清洁气体或液体燃料的方法很多, 在这其 中, 生物质气化技术与其它技术相比能够适应所有的生物质种 类, 且具有工业化大型生产的能力。 生物质的气化过程是一种热 化学过程, 是生物质原料与气化剂 (空气、 氧气、 水蒸气、 二氧 化碳等)在高温下发生化学反应, 将固态的生物盾原料转变为由 碳、 氢、 氧等元素組成的气体组分的混合气体的过程, 该混合气 体通常被称为合成气。
本发明是生物质、垃圾等可再生的固体燃料制造精制合成气 工艺中必须优先解决的关键技术。 所述青制合成气指的是: 气化 直接得到的合成气中, CO 和 为主要组分, 无焦油, (¾含量 <0. 5%0 精制合成气主要用于生产合成柴油 /汽油、 烯烃、 烷烃、 石脑油、 润滑油, 以及作为燃料电池原料等等, 适用于生产各种 化工产品、 以及各种超清洁油品的新能源利用, 特別在可再生的 生物质能源利用领域, 它是生物质化工产业、 生物质合成油新能 源产业的关键技术。如将生物质气化而获得精制合成气, 必须优 先解决的就是生物质的热解技术。 因为, 以生物质制取精制合成 气主要采用气流床气化技术(其气化温度较高, 炉内温度比较均 匀, 焦油在气流床中全部裂解, CH4含量较少, 同时气流床具有 很好的放大特性, 特别适用于大型工业化的应用)。 但是, 气流 床气化对原料的粒径有着严格的限制,进入气流床的原料需要磨 成超细的微米级的颗粒, 然而按照现有的破碎或制粉技术, 无法 将含纤维较多的生物质原料磨制成满足气流床运行所需的粒径, 这就导致了无法将生物质原料直接用于气流床气化;而最好的方 法就是对生物质进行热解处理、将生物质分解成热解气和固态炭 后再送入气流床中进行气化,这就是本专利申请的技术真谛与目 的。
生物质热解是指生物质在没有氧化剂 (空气、 氧气、 水蒸气 等)存在或只提供有限氧的条件下, 以一定的升温速率, 加热到 一定的温度, 通过热化学反应将生物质中的木质素、 纤维素和半 紆维素分解成固态炭和热解气的热化学转化技术方法。
影响生物质热解的因素很多, 主要有生物质的热解温度、 热 解压力、 升温速率、 原料特性、 停留时间。
目前对生物盾热解工艺主要分为两类, 一是生物质的慢速热 解, 另一是生物质快速热解和 /或闪速热解。 热解温度有低温热 解(250 ~ 400°C )、 中温热解( 400 ~ 600°C )、 高温热解( 600 ~ 800°C ), 热解产物按其物理特性分为三大类: 固态炭、 热解气的 不凝结组分、 热解气的可凝结组分。 ' 慢速热解(又称干馏工艺、 传统热解)工艺具有几千年的历 史, 他将木材放在窑内, 在隔绝空气的情况下加热, 通常采用低 温热解的方法, 热解时间从几个小时到两周左右, 可以得到占原 料质量 50%的木炭产量, 而热解气排空; 它是一种以生成木炭为 目的的生物质热解炭化过程。
快速热解是将研磨的很细的生物质原料放在快速热解装置 中,采用较高的升温速率(一般 200 C /s )和较高的热解温度(一 般在 600°C左右), 生物质原料在缺氧的情况下, 被快速加热到 较高温度, 从而引发生物质的热分解, 经热解所产生热解气中的 可凝结组分较多、 不凝结组分较少、 以及少量固态炭产物。 可凝 性组分被快速冷却成可流动的液体——称为生物原油,其比例一 般可达原料质量的 40%〜60%。 快速热解中, 当升温速率很高, 完成反应时间极端( < 0. 5s )时, 又称为闪速热解, 闪速热解通 常都是将生物质原料磨制的很细, 主要用来增加生物原油的产 量。
针对满足生物质气流床精制气化的要求, 工程上提出了生物 盾热解处理的的几大要求:需热解的生物质粒径范围广——简单 破碎即可、 中等热解温度、 热解快速、 热解完全、 热解气较多且 所有组分都在较低的温度下不凝结、所有热解产物都可方便地进 入气化炉中、 热解所需的的外耗能量少、 系统效率高等。
从上述介绍可看出,慢速热解并不适合生物质气化需要的热 解处理要求; 而快速热解得到的热解气中的大分子组分较多, 并 且目前国内外的快速热解 /闪速热解都以获得更多的热解气可凝 结组分为目的, 其技术也并不适合生物质精制气化的热解要求。
为了提高生物质的整个气化系统效率, 首先要求热解过程尽 量减少外界能量的输入, 同时要求热解时间短、热解温度不能过 高以尽量减少热解装置的投入; 第三, 热解产物要求热解气中的 可凝结组分少,并且热解气所有組分都在相对较低温度下不会冷 凝, 并可以充当输送炭粉的气体, 以避免堵塞并腐蚀管道, 以及 避免采用外来的惰性气体输送炭粉而降低气化效率。 归纳起来, 对生物质热解的技术要求是: 生物质的中温、快速热解及热解气 的多次裂解; 目前所有已知热解技术因存在着所述不足、缺陷与 弊端而都不能满足上述要求。
基于发明人的专业知识底蕴与多年丰富的实践经验及对事 业精益求精的不懈追求, 在认真而充分的调查、 了解、 分析、 总 结上述巳有公知技术和现状基础上, 根据生物质原料的共有特 点,以实施生物质的高效气流床气化为目的一一将生物质的热解 处理采用 "中温、 快速热解、 多次裂解" 的关键技术, 研制成功 了 "含碳固体燃料的中温快速热解及多次裂解的方法,,, 可高效、 低投资地满足生物质的精制合成气的原料预处理要求,具有非常 重要的现实意义与深远的战略意义。 发明内容
本发明采用 "中温、 快速热解、 多次裂解" 的关键技术, 含 碳固体燃料进入热解炉并输入外加燃料及氧化剂进行热解,最终 获得输出炭与输出热解气; 所述含碳固体燃料为生物质, 所述输 入外加燃料为只在启动热解炉的初始阶段输入,相继由所述氧化 剂与经热解产生的热解气反应提供热解所需的热能;在热解过程 中同时具备的技术条件是:( 1 )、热解炉内的平均温度为 450°C ~ 550°C , 热解炉的所述输出热解气出口温度为 450°C以上, 以此 实现中温热解; (2 )、 所述生物质进入热解炉后始终在搅拌状态 下沿热解炉周向翻动, 并在热解炉内的平均停留时间为 600S 以 上、热解过程中产生的所述热解气在热解炉内的平均停留时间为 120S 以上, 以此实现所述生物质的快速热解以及所述热解气的 多次裂解; (3 )、 热解炉的压力才艮据所述输出热解气的用途而在 0. lMPa ~ 5. 0 MPa范围内调节。
通过本发明达到的目的是: ①、 为应用气流床对生物质气化 创造前提技术条件; ②、 使自然生成、 数量大、 分布广、 可再生 的 "生物质"新原料得到充分利用,变废为宝并有效地保护环境; ③、 采用 "中温、 快速热解、 多次裂解" 关键技术、 提供 "含碳 固体燃料的中温快速热解及多次裂解的方法"; ④、 为生物质化 工产业及合成油新能源产业的开拓奠定坚实的技术依托; ⑤、有 效保护环境、 提高综合经济效益。 本发明可达到预期目的。 为实现上述目的, 本发明提供的技术方案为:
一种含碳固体燃料的中温快速热解及多次裂解的方法,含碳 固体燃料进入热解炉并输入外加燃料及氧化剂进行热解,最终获 得输出炭与输出热解气; 所述含碳固体燃料为生物质, 所述输入 外加燃料为只在启动热解炉的初始阶段输入,相继由所述氧化剂 与经热解产生的热解气反应提供热解所需的热能;在热解过程中 同时具备的技术条件是:
( 1 )、 热解炉内的平均温度为 450°C ~ 550°C、 热解炉的所 述输出热解气出口温度为 450 °C以上, 以此实现中温热解;
( 2 )、所述生物质进入热解炉后始终在搅拌状态下沿热解炉 周向翻动, 并在热解炉内的平均停留时间为 600S以上、 热解过 程中产生的所述热解气在热解炉内的平均停留时间为 120S 以
解;
( 3 )、 热解炉的压力根据所述输出热解气的用途而在 0. IMPa - 5. 0 MPa范围内调节。 所述的含碳固体燃料的中温快速热解及多次裂解的方法,所 述生物质为植物的根 /茎 /叶 /花 /果、 动物尸体、 粪便、 碳水化合 物的垃圾。
所述的含碳固体燃料的中温快速热解及多次裂解的方法,所 述生物质的最大粒径为 50亳米以下。
所述的含碳固体燃料的中温快速热解及多次裂解的方法,所 述外加燃料为可燃气体、 燃油中的一种、 任意两种的组合。
所述的含碳固体燃料的中温快速热解及多次裂解的方法,所 述氧化剂为空气、 氧气、 氧气与二氧化碳气的混合气、 氧气与氮 气的混合气中的一种。
所述的含碳固体燃料的中温快速热解及多次裂解的方法,所 述输出热解气的温度在 300 Ό以上而该所述输出热解气的大分子 组分不会冷凝。 由于釆用了本发明所提供的技术方案。 由于本发明采用 "中 温、 快速热解、 多次裂解" 的关键技术。 由于本发明的含碳固体 燃料进入热解炉并输入外加燃料及氧化剂进行热解,最终获得输 出炭与输出热解气; 其含碳固体燃料为生物质, 只在启动热解炉 初始阶段输入外加燃料、相继由氧化剂与经热解产生的热解气反 应提供热解所需的热能; 热解中同时具备的技术条件是: 热解炉 内平均温度 450°C ~ 550°C、输出热解气出口温度 450°C以上, 实 现中温热解;生物质进入热解炉后始终在搅拌状态下沿热解炉周 向翻动, 并在热解炉内平均停留时间 600S以上、 热解气在热解 炉内的平均停留时间 120S以上, 实现生物盾快速热解及热解气 多次裂解; 热解炉压力以输出热解气用途在 0. lMPa ~ 5. O MPa范 围调节。 与巳有公知技术相比, 获得了如下有益效果:
1、 由于本发明的生物质为植物的根 /茎 /叶 /花 /果、 动物尸 体、粪便、碳水化合物的垃圾,从而获得了自然生成原料数量大、 分布广、 可再生、 取材方便、 选择余地大等有益效果。
2、 由于本发明生物质的最大粒径为 50毫米以下, 从而获得 了: 生物质原料的破碎处理简单, 并在本发明所述的技术条件下 保证了热解完全、 裂解充分的有益效果。
3、 由于本发明的外加燃料为可燃气体、 燃油中的一种、 任 意两种的组合, 氧化剂为空气、 氧气、 氧气与二氧化碳气的混合 气、氧气与氮气的混合气中的一种, 从而获得了对外加燃料及氧 化剂的选择余地均大、 燃烧稳定、 便于实施的有益效果。
4、 由于本发明的外加燃料为只在启动热解炉的初始阶段输 入,相继由所述氧化剂与经热解产生的热解气反应提供热解所需 的热能,从而满足了热解过程尽量减少外界能量输入的工程应用 要求, 并同时满足了燃烧稳定、 便于工程实施应用的有益效果。
5、 由于本发明热解炉内平均温度 450 °C ~ 550 °C、 输出热解 气出口温度 450 °C以上, 从而获得了中温热解的有益效果。
6、 由于本发明的生物质始终在炉内被搅拌周向翻动, 并保 证了平均停留 600S以上、 热解气在炉内平均停留 120S以上, 并 在 450°C以上的反应条件下, 获得了生物质快速热解及热解气多 次裂解的有益效果。
7、 由于本发明热解炉压力可以根据输出热解气的用途在 0. IMPa ~ 5. 0 MPa范围内确定, 都可以保证输出热解气对炭粉的 输送、避免了采用别的惰性气体输送炭粉, 从而提高了后续气流 床气化的效率。
8、 由于本发明获得的输出热解气, 在保证温度 300°C以上 时不会有液体冷凝出现,由此获得了所述热解气输送时不会堵塞 输送管道、 并保证了所述热解气对炭粉输送顺畅的有益效果。
9、 由本发明以上的各奈所述, 从而获得了以 "中温、 快速 热解、 多次裂解"的关键技术提供含碳固体燃料的中温快速热解 及多次裂解的方法, 为生物质的气流床气化技术应用解决了困 难、 创造了前提技术条件, 使自然生成、 数量大、 分布广、 可再 生的 "生物质"新原料变废为宝而得到充分利用 , 并有效地保护 环境,为生物质化工产业及合成油新能源产业的开拓奠定技术依 托、提供技术储备及技术实施方案、摆脱对传统化石能源依赖等 有益效果。
10、由
理, 从而获得了对生物质的热解完全、 对热解气的裂解充分、 效 果稳定可靠、 综合经济效益佳的有益效果。 附图说明
说明书附图为本发明具体实施方式的工艺技术流程窗框示 意图。 图中的虚线框表示热解炉, 图中 "外加燃料" 的虚线箭头 表示只在启动热解炉初始阶段才输入外加燃料。 具体实施方式
下面结合说明书附图, 对本发明作详细描述。正如说明书附 图所示:
一种含碳固体燃料的中温快速热解及多次裂解的方法,含碳 固体燃料进入热解炉并输入外加燃料及氧化剂进行热解,最终获 得输出炭与输出热解气; 所述含碳固体燃料为生物质, 所述输入 外加燃料为只在启动热解炉的初始阶段输入,相继由所述氧化剂 与经热解产生的热解气反应提供热解所需的热能;在热解过程中 同时具备的技术条件是:
( 1 )、 热解炉内的平均温度为 450 °C ~ 550 °C、 热解炉的所 述输出热解气出口温度为 450°C以上, 以此实现中温热解;
( 2 )、所述生物质进入热解炉后始终在搅拌状态下沿热解炉 周向翻动, 并在热解炉内的平均停留时间为 600S以上、 热解过 程中产生的所述热解气在热解炉内的平均停留时间为 120S 以 上, 以此实现所述生物质的快速热解以及所述热解气的多次裂 解;
( 3 )、 热解炉的压力根据所述输出热解气的用途而在 0. IMPa - 5. 0 MPa范围内调节。
所述的含碳固体燃料的中温快速热解及多次裂解的方法,所 述生物质为植物的根 /茎 /叶 /花 /果、 动物尸体、 粪便、 碳水化合 物的垃圾。 所述的含碳固体燃料的中温快速热解及多次裂解的方法,所 述生物盾的最大粒径为 50毫米以下。
所述的含碳固体燃料的中温快速热解及多次裂解的方法,所 述外加燃料为可燃气体、 燃油中的一种、 任意两种的组合。
所述的含碳固体燃料的中温快速热解及多次裂解的方法,所 述氧化剂为空气、 氧气、 氧气与二氧化碳气的混合气、 氧气与氮 气的混合气中的一种。
所述的含碳固体燃料的中温快速热解及多次裂解的方法,所 述输出热解气的温度在 30 (TC以上而该所述输出热解气的大分子 组分不会冷凝。
在上述的具体实施过程中:对所述的外加燃料分别以可燃气 体、 燃油中的一种、 任意两种的组合进行了实施; 对所述的氧化 剂分别以空气、 氧气、 氧气与二氧化碳气的混合气、 氧气与氮气 的混合气进行了实施; 均收到了预期的良好效果。
通过以上的具体实施说明: ①、 根据原料的不同, 对热解炉 内的平均温度, 可以在 450 °C ~ 550°C范围内进行确定; ②、 对 于热解炉的压力, 根据输出热解气的用途不同, 可在压力为 0. lMPa ~ 5. 0 MPa的范围内进行确定; ③、 当热解炉的压力确定 在 5. 0 MPa、 输出热解气的温度在 300 °C以上时, 所述的输出热 解气也没有凝结的液体出现; ④、对热解炉内的平均温度设定在 550 °C以下, 可谓最经济的最佳选择, 假如超过 550 °C、 对热解 炉的材料要求会大大提高、将大幅度提高热解炉的制作成本;⑤、 通过上述实施, 实现了对生物质的热解完全、对热解气的裂解充 分, 均收到了预期的良好效果。 以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,并非对本发明作任何形 式上的限制; 凡本行业的普通技术人员, 均可按以上所述和说明 书附图所示而顺畅地实施本发明;但凡在不脱离本发明技术方案 而作出的更动、修饰与演变的等同变化, 均为本发明的等效实施 例, 均仍属于本发明技术方案的保护范围。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、 一种含碳固体燃料的中温快速热解及多次裂解的方法, 含碳固体燃料进入热解炉并输入外加燃料及氧化剂进行热解,最 终获得输出炭与输出热解气; 其特征在于: 所述含碳固体燃料为 生物质, 所述输入外加燃料为只在启动热解炉的初始阶段输入, 相继由所述氧化剂与经热解产生的热解气反应提供热解所需的 热能; 在热解过程中同时具备的技术条件是:
( 1 )、 热解炉内的平均温度为 450 °C ~ 55 (TC、 热解炉的所 述输出热解气出口温度为 450 °C以上, 以此实现中温热解;
( 2 )、所述生物质进入热解炉后始终在搅拌状态下沿热解炉 周向翻动, 并在热解炉内的平均停留时间为 600S以上、 热解过 程中产生的所述热解气在热解炉内的平均停留时间为 120S 以 上, 以此实现所述生物质的快速热解以及所述热解气的多次裂 解;
( 3 )、 热解炉的压力根据所述输出热解气的用途而在 0. IMPa - 5. 0 MPa范围内调节。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的含碳固体燃料的中温快速热解及 多次裂解的方法, 其特征在于: 所述生物质为植物的根 /茎 /叶 / 花 /果、 动物尸体、 粪便、 碳水化合物的垃圾。
3、 根据权利要求 1所述的含碳固体燃料的中温快速热解及 多次裂解的方法, 其特征在于: 所述生物质的最大粒径为 50毫 米以下。
4、 根据权利要求 1所述的含碳固体燃料的中温快速热解及 多次裂解的方法, 其特征在于: 所述外加燃料为可燃气体、 燃油 中的一种、 任意两种的组合。
5、 根据权利要求 1所述的含碳固体燃料的中温快速热解及 多次裂解的方法, 其特征在于: 所述氧化剂为空气、 氧气、 氧气 与二氧化碳气的混合气、 氧气与氮气的混合气中的一种。
6、 根据权利要求 1所述的含碳固体燃料的中温快速热解及 多次裂解的方法, 其特征在于: 所述输出热解气的温度在 300 °C 以上而该所述输出热解气的大分子组分不会冷凝。
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