WO2011050554A1 - Procédé permettant de brûler directement et d'apporter de manière dispersée de la chaleur dans un four de pyrolyse de biomasse - Google Patents

Procédé permettant de brûler directement et d'apporter de manière dispersée de la chaleur dans un four de pyrolyse de biomasse Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011050554A1
WO2011050554A1 PCT/CN2010/000022 CN2010000022W WO2011050554A1 WO 2011050554 A1 WO2011050554 A1 WO 2011050554A1 CN 2010000022 W CN2010000022 W CN 2010000022W WO 2011050554 A1 WO2011050554 A1 WO 2011050554A1
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Prior art keywords
pyrolysis furnace
biomass
pyrolysis
furnace
combustion
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PCT/CN2010/000022
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
韩剑锋
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中节环(北京)能源技术有限公司
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Publication of WO2011050554A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011050554A1/fr

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
    • C10B53/02—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B49/00—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated
    • C10B49/02—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with hot gases or vapours, e.g. hot gases obtained by partial combustion of the charge
    • C10B49/04—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with hot gases or vapours, e.g. hot gases obtained by partial combustion of the charge while moving the solid material to be treated
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel

Definitions

  • the direct combustion and dispersion heating method of the biomass pyrolysis furnace of the invention relates to the technical field of energy chemical industry; in particular to the field of thermochemical technology of biomass; in particular, the medium temperature is rapid for biomass gasification of the entrained flow of biomass
  • the technical field of pyrolysis treatment specifically relates to the technical field of direct combustion dispersion heating method of biomass pyrolysis furnace. Background technique
  • Biomass is an organic substance produced by the absorption of carbon dioxide in the air through photosynthesis. It is widely distributed, widely available, and is the only renewable natural raw material that contains hydrocarbon components and heat. It can be used as energy source. Utilization and chemical production, with the characteristics of C0 2 zero emissions. With the decreasing of traditional fossil energy reserves and the environmental pollution caused by the use of fossil energy, it has become the consensus of governments of all countries to attach importance to and develop renewable and environmentally friendly energy. Through thermochemical, biochemical and other methods, it can transform biomass into clean gas or liquid fuel, produce synthetic diesel/gasoline, chemical products and meet power demand, etc. It has the potential to completely replace fossil energy and become a priority for countries around the world. New energy.
  • biomass high-temperature entrained gas gasification technology can adapt to all kinds of biomass compared with other technologies.
  • the gasification temperature is higher, and the furnace temperature is compared.
  • Uniform, the tar is completely cracked in the entrained flow bed, the CH 4 content is less, and the gasification is refined to obtain refined syngas;
  • the bed has excellent magnification characteristics and is especially suitable for large industrial applications.
  • 5% ⁇ Refined synthesis gas refers to: in the synthesis gas directly obtained by gasification, CO and the main component, no tar, CH 4 content ⁇ 0. 5%.
  • Refined syngas is mainly used in the production of synthetic diesel/gasoline, olefins, alkanes, naphtha, lubricating oil, and as a fuel cell raw material, etc. It is suitable for the production of various chemical products and new energy utilization of various ultra-clean oil products. Especially in the field of renewable bio-energy utilization, it is the key technology of bio-shield chemical industry and biomass-based synthetic oil new energy industry.
  • the entrained flow gasification has strict limits on the particle size of the raw materials, and the raw materials entering the entrained flow bed need to be ground into ultrafine micron-sized particles.
  • the existing crushing or milling technology it is impossible to contain more fibers.
  • the biomass feedstock is ground to meet the particle size required for the operation of the entrained flow bed, which results in the inability to directly use the biomass feedstock for gasification of the entrained flow bed; preferably, the biomass is pyrolyzed into pyrolysis gas and solid state.
  • the charcoal is then sent to the gas stream bed for gasification together with the solid carbon powder and the pyrolysis gas.
  • the best method is to carry out the medium temperature rapid pyrolysis treatment and decompose the biomass at a medium pyrolysis temperature of 400 °C ⁇ 60 TC (referred to as medium temperature pyrolysis).
  • the hot degassing and solid carbon grinding the solid carbon into carbon powder) are then sent to an entrained gas bed for gasification.
  • the key to realizing the rapid pyrolysis technology of biomass is the heating method of pyrolysis furnace, which is the heat utilization efficiency, pyrolysis rate, pyrolysis product quality, and pyrolysis equipment cost and pyrolysis of biomass pyrolysis.
  • the heating methods for pyrolysis of biomass are mainly divided into two types, one is indirect heat transfer pyrolysis, and the other is direct heat transfer pyrolysis.
  • Indirect heat transfer pyrolysis is the transfer of heat to the heating element of the pyrolysis furnace, which then transfers the heat to the biomass to be pyrolyzed, as in the application number.
  • direct heat transfer pyrolysis generally uses direct combustion of heat in a pyrolysis furnace with oxidant and/or external fuel.
  • the pyrolysis furnace in the Carbon-V process of Colin Company of Germany burns and supplies heat.
  • direct heat transfer pyrolysis is a better method, and the best method that can be implemented by engineering is direct combustion and heat pyrolysis.
  • all known direct combustion and heat pyrolysis methods have various deficiencies and safety hazards, and cannot simultaneously satisfy high heat transfer efficiency, high heat utilization efficiency, combustion heat supply safety, and operation.
  • Industrialized implementation requirements such as safety and stability, low investment in pyrolysis furnace equipment.
  • the direct combustion dispersion heating method of the biomass pyrolysis furnace of the present invention is a key technology that must be preferentially solved in the medium temperature rapid pyrolysis technology of biomass renewable solid fuel.
  • the biomass pyrolysis furnace of the invention adopts the key technology of "direct combustion and dispersion heating", and the heating and burning device of the pyrolysis furnace is composed of a plurality of burner groups, all of which are arranged in the upper part of the pyrolysis furnace, and Disposed in the axial direction in the upper part of the pyrolysis furnace, and each burner group is composed of a plurality of small burner nozzles, and the maximum temperature of the combustion zone in the pyrolysis furnace is controlled below 1600 ° C; heating for the pyrolysis furnace
  • the fuel and oxidant are separated before entering the pyrolysis furnace, and are non-premixed combustion in the pyrolysis furnace; the pyrolysis furnace is horizontally arranged, and the outer casing is fixed, and the stirring furnace is stirred in the pyrolysis furnace.
  • the shaft rotates to agitate the biomass; according to the pyrolysis temperature requirement of the biomass feedstock entering the pyrolysis furnace, the average temperature in the pyrolysis furnace can be controlled by adjusting the amount of the oxidant; the pyrolysis furnace can be adjusted during operation The amount of fuel supplied externally and the content of the inert component in the oxidant to adjust the maximum temperature of the combustion zone, and the combustion zone can also be adjusted by adjusting the rotational speed of the agitator shaft with the stirring rod The highest temperature.
  • the objects achieved by the present invention are as follows: 1. To create the preconditions for the gasification of biomass by applying an entrained flow bed; 2. To make full use of the new biomass of natural biomass, large quantity, wide distribution and renewable "biomass” Waste is a treasure and effectively protect the environment; 3.
  • the application adopts the horizontal pyrolysis furnace. Under the premise of meeting the technical requirements of "medium temperature rapid pyrolysis", the key technology of "direct combustion and dispersion heating” is provided, and the direct combustion dispersion of the biomass pyrolysis furnace is provided.
  • the thermal method has realized the technical requirements of high efficiency of biomass pyrolysis furnace, safety of combustion and heat supply, safe and stable operation, and low investment in equipment;
  • the present invention achieves the intended purpose.
  • the technical solution provided by the present invention is:
  • a direct combustion dispersion heating method for a biomass pyrolysis furnace the heating combustion device of the pyrolysis furnace is composed of a plurality of burner groups, all of which are arranged in the upper part of the pyrolysis furnace, and in the pyrolysis furnace The upper part is arranged in the axial direction, and each burner group is composed of a plurality of small burner nozzles, and the maximum temperature of the combustion zone in the pyrolysis furnace is controlled at
  • the direct combustion dispersion heating method of the biomass pyrolysis furnace wherein the fuel and the oxidant for heating the pyrolysis furnace are separated before entering the pyrolysis furnace, and the pyrolysis furnace is Non-premixed combustion.
  • the direct combustion dispersion heating method of the biomass pyrolysis furnace is arranged horizontally, and the furnace body shell of the pyrolysis furnace is fixed, and the pyrolysis furnace adopts a stirring rod
  • the agitator shaft rotates to agitate the biomass. .
  • the direct combustion and dispersion heating method of the biomass pyrolysis furnace is a plant root/stem/leaf/flower/fruit, animal carcass, feces, waste rubber, coal and carbohydrate waste.
  • the direct combustion dispersion heating method of the biomass pyrolysis furnace the fuel is divided into an externally supplied fuel, and a part of the pyrolysis gas generated by pyrolysis of the biomass inside the pyrolysis furnace, and the externally supplied fuel It is one of a combustible gas and a fuel; the oxidant is one of oxygen, air, a mixture of oxygen and carbon dioxide, and a mixture of oxygen and nitrogen.
  • the direct combustion dispersion heating method of the biomass pyrolysis furnace can adjust the maximum temperature of the combustion zone by adjusting the amount of externally supplied fuel and the inert component content of the oxidant during operation.
  • the direct combustion dispersion heating method of the bio-shield pyrolysis furnace can also adjust the maximum temperature of the combustion zone by adjusting the rotation speed of the stirring shaft with the stirring rod during the operation.
  • the direct combustion dispersion heating method of the biomass pyrolysis furnace can control the average temperature in the pyrolysis furnace by adjusting the amount of the oxidant according to the pyrolysis temperature requirement of the biomass raw material entering the pyrolysis furnace.
  • the technical solution provided by the present invention is adopted. Since the pyrolysis furnace of the present invention satisfies the technical requirements of "medium temperature rapid pyrolysis of biomass", the key technology of "direct combustion and dispersion heating" is adopted.
  • the heating and burning device of the pyrolysis furnace of the present invention is composed of a plurality of burner groups, all of the burner groups are arranged in the upper part of the pyrolysis furnace, and are arranged in the axial direction in the upper part of the pyrolysis furnace, and each burner is arranged.
  • the groups are composed of a plurality of small burner nozzles, and the maximum temperature of the combustion zone in the pyrolysis furnace is controlled below 1600 ° C; the fuel and oxidant for heating the pyrolysis furnace are separated before entering the pyrolysis furnace.
  • Non-premixed combustion in the pyrolysis furnace the pyrolysis furnace is horizontally arranged and the outer casing is solid
  • the stirring shaft with the stirring rod is rotated to stir the biomass; according to the pyrolysis temperature requirement of the biomass raw material entering the pyrolysis furnace, the average amount in the pyrolysis furnace can be controlled by adjusting the amount of the oxidizing agent.
  • Temperature; during the operation of the pyrolysis furnace, the maximum temperature of the combustion zone can be adjusted by adjusting the amount of fuel supplied from the outside and the content of inert components in the oxidant, and also by adjusting the rotation speed of the stirring shaft with the stirring rod To adjust the maximum temperature of the combustion zone.
  • the biomass of the present invention is plant roots/stems/leaves/flowers/fruits, animal carcasses, feces, coal and carbohydrate waste, and according to the pyrolysis temperature requirements of the biomass feedstock entering the pyrolysis furnace, By adjusting the amount of oxidant to control the average temperature in the pyrolysis furnace, the beneficial effects of large amount of natural raw materials, wide distribution, reproducible, convenient material selection, large choice of choice, and pyrolysis average temperature can be adjusted according to changes in raw material requirements. .
  • the heating fuel of the present invention can be either an external fuel such as a combustible gas and a fuel oil, or a pyrolysis gas generated by pyrolysis of biomass inside the pyrolysis furnace, the oxidant is a mixture of air, oxygen, oxygen and carbon dioxide gas.
  • the mixed gas of oxygen and nitrogen thereby obtaining the advantages of large selection of fuel and oxidant, stable and reliable combustion, and easy implementation.
  • the pyrolysis furnace used in the present invention is horizontally arranged and the outer casing is fixed, the pyrolysis furnace is rotated by the stirring shaft with the stirring rod to stir the biomass, thereby obtaining the direct combustion of the pyrolysis furnace.
  • the method of decentralized heating "based on the layout design, engineering implementation and installation operation of the pyrolysis furnace, and achieving uniform temperature in the pyrolysis furnace, Biomass heat transfer efficiency and other effects
  • the pyrolysis furnace heating and burning device of the present invention is composed of a plurality of burner groups, all of the burner groups are arranged in an upper portion of the pyrolysis furnace, and are arranged in the axial direction in the upper portion of the pyrolysis furnace, and each The burner group is composed of a plurality of small burner nozzles, and the maximum temperature of the combustion zone in the pyrolysis furnace is controlled below 1600 ° C, thereby satisfying the high efficiency of the medium-temperature rapid pyrolysis of biomass, the safety of combustion heating, and the safe and stable operation.
  • the low investment requirement of the equipment has obtained the beneficial effect of implementing the carrier of the "biomass pyrolysis furnace direct combustion dispersion heating method".
  • the pyrolysis furnace according to the present invention can adjust the maximum temperature of the combustion zone by adjusting the amount of fuel supplied from the outside and the content of the inert component in the oxidant during operation; and also adjusting the stirring rod by adjusting The rotation speed of the stirring shaft is used to adjust the maximum temperature of the combustion zone, thereby obtaining the adjustment of the "highest temperature of the combustion zone".
  • the specific implementation is flexible, simple, convenient, fast and effective, and is convenient for engineering implementation and application, and reducing the investment of equipment. effect.
  • the key technology of "direct combustion and dissipative heating” has obtained the technical requirements to meet the "medium temperature rapid pyrolysis of biomass", providing "direct combustion and dispersive heating method for pyrolysis furnace with rapid pyrolysis of biomass”.
  • a direct combustion dispersion heating method for a biomass pyrolysis furnace the heating combustion device of the pyrolysis furnace is composed of a plurality of burner groups, all of which are arranged in the upper part of the pyrolysis furnace, and in the pyrolysis furnace The upper portion is axially dispersed, and each burner group is composed of a plurality of small burner nozzles, and the maximum temperature of the combustion zone in the pyrolysis furnace is controlled below 1600 °C.
  • the direct combustion dispersion heating method of the biomass pyrolysis furnace wherein the fuel and the oxidant for heating the pyrolysis furnace are separated before entering the pyrolysis furnace,
  • the pyrolysis furnace is non-premixed combustion.
  • the direct combustion dispersion heating method of the biomass pyrolysis furnace is arranged horizontally, and the furnace body of the pyrolysis furnace is fixed, and the pyrolysis furnace is equipped with a stirring rod
  • the agitator shaft rotates to agitate the biomass.
  • the direct combustion and dispersion heating method of the biomass pyrolysis furnace the biomass is plant root/stem/leaf/flower/fruit, animal carcass, feces, waste rubber, coal and carbohydrate compound waste.
  • the direct combustion dispersion heating method of the biomass pyrolysis furnace the fuel is divided into an externally supplied fuel, and a part of the pyrolysis gas generated by pyrolysis of the biomass inside the pyrolysis furnace, and the externally supplied fuel It is one of a combustible gas and a fuel; the oxidant is one of oxygen, air, a mixture of oxygen and carbon dioxide, and a mixture of oxygen and nitrogen.
  • the direct combustion dispersion heating method of the bio-shield pyrolysis furnace can adjust the maximum temperature of the combustion zone by adjusting the amount of externally supplied fuel and the inert component content of the oxidant during operation.
  • the direct combustion dispersion heating method of the biomass pyrolysis furnace in the operation of the pyrolysis furnace, can also adjust the maximum temperature of the combustion zone by adjusting the rotation speed of the stirring shaft with the stirring rod.
  • the direct combustion dispersion heating method of the biomass pyrolysis furnace can control the average temperature in the pyrolysis furnace by adjusting the amount of the oxidant according to the pyrolysis temperature requirement of the biomass raw material entering the pyrolysis furnace.
  • a horizontally arranged pyrolysis furnace and heat
  • the furnace shell is fixed, and the stirring of the stirring shaft with the stirring rod is used in the pyrolysis furnace to carry out the stirring of the biomass; according to the biomass pyrolysis yield, the burner is arranged on the pyrolysis furnace
  • the groups are arranged in a distributed manner and are implemented in two or more different quantities respectively; likewise, according to the size of the output, the small burner nozzles of each of the burner groups are also respectively carried out in more than four different quantities.
  • Determining the average pyrolysis temperature of the furnace taking the maximum temperature of the combustion flame zone in the pyrolysis furnace to be 1600 ° C or less, respectively, by changing the fuel
  • the supply amount is used to adjust the maximum temperature of the combustion zone and to make it stable, to change the maximum temperature of the combustion zone by changing the content of the inert component in the oxidant and to make it stable, by adjusting the stirring of the pyrolysis furnace
  • the rotation speed of the stirring shaft of the rod is adjusted to adjust the maximum temperature of the combustion zone and to make it stable.
  • the pyrolysis furnace adopts the horizontal arrangement, and the outer casing is fixed, and the structural cylinder in which the stirring shaft rotating with the stirring rod is used to stir the biomass in the pyrolysis furnace provides the implementation of the invention.
  • Carrier 2, application of pyrolysis furnace
  • the direct combustion and dispersive heating method is scientific and reasonable, and satisfies the technical requirements of "medium temperature rapid pyrolysis of biomass”;
  • the burner group of the present invention is dispersedly arranged, and each burner group is composed of a plurality of small burner nozzles.
  • the fuel and the oxidant are non-premixed combustion in the pyrolysis furnace, fully embodying the safety, reliability, operability, and material requirements and cost of the pyrolysis furnace equipment of the present invention; 4.
  • the present invention The pyrolysis furnace can adjust the maximum temperature of the combustion zone by adjusting the amount of fuel supplied from the outside during operation, and can adjust the maximum temperature of the combustion zone by adjusting the content of inert components in the oxidant, and can also adjust the The speed of the stirring shaft with the stirring rod is adjusted to adjust the maximum temperature of the combustion zone, thereby realizing the adjustment of the core "highest temperature of the combustion zone" in the pyrolysis furnace technology, and the operation is flexible and convenient in the specific implementation.

Abstract

La présente invention a pour objet un procédé permettant de brûler directement et d'apporter de manière dispersée de la chaleur dans un four de pyrolyse de biomasse, un dispositif de combustion de fourniture de chaleur du four de pyrolyse étant composé de plusieurs groupes de brûleurs (2), qui sont tous disposés de manière dispersée sur la partie supérieure du four de pyrolyse le long de la direction axiale. Chaque groupe de brûleurs (2) est composé de plusieurs petites buses de brûleur (3). La température la plus élevée dans la zone de combustion du four est régulée à moins de 1 600 °C. Le combustible fournissant de la chaleur au four et l'oxydant sont séparés avant d'entrer dans le four et brûlés dans un mode de combustion non prémélangé dans le four. Le four de pyrolyse est disposé horizontalement et possède un corps fixe (1). La biomasse dans le four est agitée par un arbre de mélange (4) pourvu de barres (5). La température la plus élevée dans la zone de combustion est régulée par l'ajustement de la chaleur fournie par le combustible externe et/ou de la teneur du composant inerte dans l'oxydant et/ou de la vitesse de rotation de l'arbre de mélange (4) pourvu de barres (5) dans le procédé.
PCT/CN2010/000022 2009-11-02 2010-01-06 Procédé permettant de brûler directement et d'apporter de manière dispersée de la chaleur dans un four de pyrolyse de biomasse WO2011050554A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN200910210436A CN101693840A (zh) 2009-11-02 2009-11-02 生物质热解炉的直接燃烧分散供热方法
CN200910210436.2 2009-11-02

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WO2011050554A1 true WO2011050554A1 (fr) 2011-05-05

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Cited By (2)

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CN105219417A (zh) * 2015-10-16 2016-01-06 北京神雾环境能源科技集团股份有限公司 生物质热解系统和对生物质进行热解的方法
WO2023232209A1 (fr) * 2022-06-03 2023-12-07 Frichs Holding 2 Aps Installation de pyrolyse et procédé de minéralisation thermique de biomasse et de production de gaz, de liquides et de bio-charbon combustibles

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US20130146513A1 (en) * 2011-12-12 2013-06-13 Oded Shoseyov Disposal of organic waste
CN104736674B (zh) * 2012-08-30 2017-03-08 澳思咨询私人有限公司 含碳材料的有效干燥和热解
CN107084618A (zh) * 2017-06-16 2017-08-22 长沙紫宸科技开发有限公司 一种水泥窑窑头利用生物质燃料催化燃烧的装备
CN110846055B (zh) * 2019-10-24 2021-07-27 东南大学 单腔内热式回转炉生物质炭化联产可燃气装置与方法
CN113862014B (zh) * 2021-11-03 2023-05-09 武汉蓝颖新能源有限公司 一种生物质热解供热装置及其使用方法

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CN105219417A (zh) * 2015-10-16 2016-01-06 北京神雾环境能源科技集团股份有限公司 生物质热解系统和对生物质进行热解的方法
CN105219417B (zh) * 2015-10-16 2017-05-03 北京神雾环境能源科技集团股份有限公司 生物质热解系统和对生物质进行热解的方法
WO2023232209A1 (fr) * 2022-06-03 2023-12-07 Frichs Holding 2 Aps Installation de pyrolyse et procédé de minéralisation thermique de biomasse et de production de gaz, de liquides et de bio-charbon combustibles

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