WO2011047507A1

WO2011047507A1 - Method and equipment for purifying high concentration malodorous gas and industrial waste gas

Info

Publication number: WO2011047507A1
Application number: PCT/CN2009/074557
Authority: WO
Inventors: 谢锄; 郭信圭
Original assignee: 深圳市天浩洋环保科技有限公司
Priority date: 2009-10-22
Filing date: 2009-10-22
Publication date: 2011-04-28
Also published as: CN102223941A; KR101066709B1; KR20110060866A

Abstract

A method for purifying high concentration malodorous gas and industrial waste gas comprises the following steps: 1) collecting high concentration malodorous gas and/or industrial waste gas to form a to-be-treated waste gas; 2) photo-degrading the to-be-treated waste gas with ultraviolet ray; 3) oxidizing the photo-degraded gas by introducing ozone gas thereinto, and emitting it until the emission standard is met. The purifying equipment comprises an ultraviolet ray photo-degrading device (2) and an ozone oxidizing device (3) which are connected by pipelines (10), a programmable controlling device for controlling the operation of the ultraviolet ray photo-degrading device (2) and the ozone oxidizing device (3), moreover, a waste gas transportation device (5) mounted on pipelines (10).

Description

High-concentration malodorous gas and industrial waste gas purification treatment method and equipment

The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental protection treatment, relates to an exhaust gas treatment method and a treatment device thereof, and particularly relates to a high concentration malodorous gas and an industrial waste gas treatment method and equipment. Background technique

Industrial waste gas and high concentrations of malodorous gases are important factors in causing environmental pollution. The odorous gas has a particularly serious impact on the environment and the human body. The odorous gas pollution refers to all gaseous substances that stimulate the olfactory organs to cause unpleasantness and damage to the living environment. As a typical environmental hazard, it has been recognized by all countries in the world. Foreign countries have also carried out early work on the control of odor pollution. In many industrial fields in Japan and Europe and the United States, technologies such as fixed-bed activated carbon adsorption and deodorization have been adopted. In recent years, China has also begun to pay attention to the monitoring and prevention of malodor, and has formulated some emission standards for malodorous compounds (GB 14554-93) and supporting analytical methods. One of the targets for the control of malodorous pollution is to meet the requirements of GB 14554-93. Emission standards for odorous substances (ammonia, trimethylamine, hydrogen sulfide, methyl sulfide, methyl mercaptan, methyl sulfide, dimethyl disulfide, carbon disulfide and styrene), the ultimate goal is to eliminate stench and create an odorless job , living environment. The odor intensity of the odorous substance is strengthened with the increase of the concentration. According to the data, the sensation quantity of the odor (ie, the odor intensity) is proportional to the contrast of the odor of the odorous substance to the human sense of smell, and the relationship between the two That is, it conforms to the Weber-Fechner law. I = K x logC + a ( 1 ) where: I is the amount of olfactory sensation, odor intensity; K is constant, odorous substance is different, K value is different; C is odor concentration; a is constant, odorous substance is different , a value is different. Formula (1) shows that even if the malodorous substance is removed by 90%, the odor level felt by the human sense is only reduced by half or less. This determines that it is more difficult to control malodor than to control other atmospheric pollutants. To eliminate malodor, it is ten times more stringent than the emission standard. Thousands of times, it is especially important to strengthen the management of foul odor pollution.

At present, in the production process of international and domestic purification treatment plants, the purification treatment methods for high-concentration malodorous exhaust gas are mainly used: 1. Direct high-temperature combustion method; 2, catalytic oxidation method; 3. Ozone deodorization method; 4. Activated carbon adsorption method 5, acid-base liquid spray method, etc.; 6, biological deodorization method, etc., they have high equipment investment, high operating cost, small processing gas volume, unstable work, large space occupation, deodorization purification efficiency Not high, there are secondary pollution and so on. Summary of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a high-concentration malodorous gas and industrial waste gas which can effectively remove malodor, high purification efficiency, high adaptability, large processing capacity, and no secondary pollution, in view of the above-mentioned defects of the prior art. Purification treatment method.

The technical problem to be further solved by the present invention is to provide a high-concentration malodorous gas and industrial waste gas processing equipment with small equipment investment, low operating cost, large processing gas volume, and small equipment volume.

The present invention adopts the following technical solutions to solve the above technical problems: a high-concentration malodorous gas and an industrial exhaust gas purification treatment method, including the following steps:

1) collecting high-concentration malodorous gas or/and industrial waste gas to form an exhaust gas to be treated;

2), the exhaust gas to be treated is photolyzed by ultraviolet rays;

3) The gas after photolysis treatment is then oxidized by ozone gas, and the oxidation treatment is discharged after meeting the discharge standard.

In the high-concentration malodorous gas and industrial waste gas purification treatment method, the step 2) comprises: pre-oxidizing the exhaust gas by the nano titanium dioxide before or after the photolysis treatment.

In the high-concentration malodorous gas and industrial waste gas purification treatment method, the ultraviolet light has a wavelength of 180 nm ~230nm.

In the high-concentration malodorous gas and the industrial waste gas purification treatment method, the concentration of the ozone gas generated in the oxidation treatment in the step 3) is 200 ppm to 800 ppm.

High-concentration malodorous gas and industrial waste gas purification treatment equipment, including ultraviolet photolysis treatment device connected through pipeline, ozone oxidation treatment device, and programmable control device for controlling ultraviolet photolysis treatment device and ozone oxidation treatment device, There is also an exhaust conveyor on the road.

In the high-concentration malodorous gas and industrial waste gas purification treatment equipment, an exhaust gas storage tank is disposed in front of the ultraviolet photolysis treatment device, and the exhaust gas storage tank and the ultraviolet photolysis treatment device are connected through a pipeline.

In the high-concentration malodorous gas and the industrial waste gas purification treatment device, the ultraviolet photolysis treatment device comprises a closed photolysis tank, and a plurality of sets of ultraviolet emitters are disposed in the photolysis tank, and the opposite sides of the photolysis tank are respectively provided with useful The exhaust gas enters the tank inlet of the tank and the tank outlet for the exhaust gas after the photolysis treatment.

In the high-concentration malodorous gas and the industrial waste gas purification treatment device, the casing inlet or/and the casing outlet of the photolysis tank are provided with a plurality of nanometer titanium dioxide nets.

In the high-concentration malodorous gas and industrial waste gas purification treatment device, the ozone oxidation treatment device includes an ozone generator and an oxidation treatment tower, and an ozone output port of the ozone generator is connected to the oxidation treatment tower, and an oxidation treatment tower is respectively disposed on the oxidation treatment tower. Import and oxidation treatment tower outlets.

In the high-concentration malodorous gas and the industrial waste gas purification treatment device, the ozone generator is connected to the oxidation treatment tower through a pipeline, and the distance between the oxidation treatment tower inlet and the oxidation treatment tower outlet is two points on the outer wall of the oxidation treatment tower. The farthest distance between.

In the high-concentration malodorous gas and industrial waste gas purification treatment device, the programmable control device includes a main controller, an exhaust gas flow sensor disposed on a pipeline in front of the ultraviolet photolysis treatment device, and ozone oxygen An ozone concentration sensor disposed in the pipeline before the chemical treatment device, and an exhaust gas concentration sensor disposed in the pipeline after the ozone oxidation treatment device, wherein the exhaust gas flow sensor, the ozone concentration sensor, and the exhaust gas concentration sensor are respectively electrically connected to the main controller, and the main control The device is also connected to an ultraviolet photolysis treatment device, an ozone oxidation treatment device, and an exhaust gas delivery device, respectively.

In the high-concentration malodorous gas and industrial exhaust gas purification treatment equipment, the exhaust gas delivery device is disposed after the ozone oxidation treatment device or in front of the ultraviolet photolysis treatment device.

In the high-concentration malodorous gas and industrial exhaust gas purification treatment equipment, the exhaust gas delivery device is a transfer pump or a fan.

The method of the invention adopts ultraviolet rays to carry out molecular bonds of high concentration malodorous gas and industrial waste gas substances.

After UV photolysis treatment, after UV photolysis treatment, a single molecule malodorous exhaust gas pollutant mixture gas is formed in an ionic state, and the mixed gas is subjected to ozone oxidation treatment, and the single molecule malodorous exhaust gas pollutant mixed gas in an ion state is further combined with Ozone produces a strong and strong oxidation reaction, and the oxidation reaction produces simple, small molecular compounds. This method can convert high-risk pollutants into small molecules of harmless or low-harm substances, avoiding the use of ultraviolet photolysis alone to form ion states. The single molecule malodorous exhaust gas pollutant mixed gas, the decomposition is not completely incomplete defects, the decomposition treatment of the invention is thorough, the purification efficiency is high, and the environmental pollution of the high concentration malodorous gas and the industrial waste gas is reduced.

The purification treatment method of the invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. High-efficiency removal of malodor: high-efficiency removal of major pollutants such as volatile organic substances (vocics), inorganic substances, hydrogen sulfide, ammonia gas, mercaptans, and various high concentrations The malodor, the deodorization and purification efficiency can be up to 99%, which is more than 30% higher than the purification efficiency of ultraviolet photolysis alone. The deodorization effect exceeds the national first-class standard for odor emission (1993) issued in 1993 (GB14554-93). 2, no need to add chemicals: only need to provide electricity and set the power of the corresponding pipeline and exhaust gas flow, can deodorize high-concentration malodorous gas, industrial waste gas And its purification, without adding any chemicals to participate in the reaction. 3. Adaptability: It can adapt to the purification treatment of high concentration, atmospheric quantity, different kinds of malodorous gases and industrial waste gas. The device of the invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. The device can work continuously for 24 hours a day, and the operation is stable and reliable. 2. Low operating cost: The purification equipment has no mechanical action, no noise, no need for special management and daily maintenance, only regular inspection, low energy consumption of purification equipment, (about 1000 cubic meters per hour, only about 0.2 degrees of electricity consumption) Electric energy), the purification device of the invention has extremely low wind resistance, generally less than 50pa, which can save a large amount of exhaust power consumption. 3. Exhaust gas does not need to be pretreated: The malodorous exhaust gas does not need special pretreatment, such as heating, humidification, etc., and the working environment temperature of the equipment can be normally operated between -30 °C and 95 °C. 4. The equipment has a small footprint and light weight: It is suitable for special occasions such as compact layout and narrow space. 5. The purification equipment has high controllability and high degree of control. It adopts microcomputer program control, which can automatically adjust the output power and purification efficiency of the purification equipment according to the malodorous gas, industrial exhaust emission components, concentration and gas volume, so as to achieve the best purification treatment effect of the exhaust gas. 6. The equipment of the invention can completely crack and oxidize toxic and harmful substances in the odorous exhaust gas, and after the decomposition and purification treatment of the odorous exhaust gas, the gas can be discharged harmlessly, no waste or waste water is generated, and no secondary pollution is generated.

DRAWINGS

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments, in which:

Figure 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of the apparatus of the present invention;

2 is a schematic view showing the structure of an ultraviolet photolysis apparatus of the present invention. detailed description

Embodiment 1, a high-concentration malodorous gas and an industrial waste gas purification treatment method, comprising the following steps: 2), the exhaust gas to be treated is photo-decomposed by ultraviolet rays; the exhaust gas is pre-oxidized by nano-titanium dioxide before and after photolysis treatment. The ultraviolet light selects high-energy high-power ultraviolet light having a wavelength of 180 nm to 230 nm, and the ultraviolet treatment time is generally not more than a quarter of a second; the ultraviolet light may be 180 nm, 185 nm, 190 nm, 195 nm, 200 nm. 205 nm, 210 nm, 215 nm, 220 nm, 225 nm, etc., wherein the ultraviolet light wavelength range is preferably 185 nm to 190 nm, and the optimum value is 185 nm.

3) The photo-treated gas is then oxidized by ozone gas for strong oxidation treatment. The concentration of ozone in the oxidation treatment is 200ppm~800ppm, and the oxidation treatment meets the discharge standard before being discharged. According to the concentration and flow rate of the exhaust gas to be treated. Different, ozone concentration can choose different data such as 200ppm, 300ppm, 400ppm, 500ppm, 600ppm, 700ppm, 800ppm.

The invention adopts high-power high-energy ultraviolet ray, and the high-energy ultraviolet ray beam can crack the odorous exhaust gas such as: ammonia, trimethylamine, hydrogen sulfide, methyl sulfide, methyl mercaptan, methyl sulfide, dimethyl disulfide, carbon disulfide, styrene, H ₂ S, VOC, benzene, toluene, xylene, breaking the long molecular chain of the organic or inorganic high-molecular malodorous compound, and cracking and transforming into a single-molecule malodorous exhaust gas pollutant mixture gas in an ionic state. It is then subjected to a strong oxidation reaction by ozone oxidation treatment to form and convert it into a simple, small molecule compound such as C0 ₂ , H ₂ 0 and the like. Table 1 lists the binding energies of the main chemical molecules. Since the photon energy of ultraviolet rays is 472 KJ/mol or more and 800 KJ/mol or less, it can be seen from Table 1 that the molecular binding energy of most chemicals is lower than the photon energy of high-energy ultraviolet rays of 185 nm and 230 nm wavelengths. Ultraviolet light can break the molecular bonds of most chemicals except carbon and metals. Table 1 The binding energy of some chemical molecules

The ozone generator of the present invention cleaves oxygen molecules in the air to form ozone molecules, and the process is as follows:

0 ₂ →0— + 0+(active oxygen); 0*+0 ₂ →0 ₃ (ozone)

Ozone is known to have a strong oxidation effect on organic matter, and has an immediate strong oxidative removal effect on malodorous exhaust gas and other irritating odors.

The high-energy UV ultraviolet ray can break the molecular bond of the odorous exhaust gas substance and cleave it into an independent single molecule in an ionic state. The ozone generating device generates oxygen which is active in nature by decomposing oxygen in the air, and re-oxidizes by strong oxidation of ozone. Synthesize harmless or low-harm compounds such as water, carbon dioxide, etc. Embodiment 2, as shown in FIG. 1, a high-concentration malodorous gas and an industrial exhaust gas purification treatment apparatus, including an exhaust gas storage tank 1, an ultraviolet photolysis treatment device 2, an ozone oxidation treatment device 3, which are sequentially connected through a pipeline 10, and The programmable control device for controlling the operation of the ultraviolet photolysis treatment device 2 and the ozone oxidation treatment device 3 is further provided with an exhaust gas delivery device 5 on the line 10, and an ozone discharge pipe 6 is also connected to the ozone oxidation treatment device 3.

As shown in FIG. 2, the ultraviolet photolysis apparatus 2 includes a closed photolysis tank 20, a plurality of sets of ultraviolet emitters are disposed in the photolysis tank 20, and the ultraviolet emitters are composed of a plurality of high-energy UV ultraviolet rays. The transmitting tube 21 is composed of a plurality of high-energy UV ultraviolet radiation tubes 21 arranged at intervals. Each of the high-energy UV ultraviolet radiation tubes 21 of the embodiment is vertically and evenly arranged and fixed in the photolysis chamber 20, and the high-energy UV ultraviolet rays are arranged. The launch tube 21 can also be uniformly disposed horizontally and fixed to the inner side wall surface of the photolysis case 20. Generally, in order to adapt to different photolysis intensity and exhaust gas flow requirements of exhaust gas treatment, two or more sets of ultraviolet emitters are respectively arranged, and when the exhaust gas is photolyzed, these ultraviolet emitters can be controlled by the exhaust gas sensor by the programmable control device. Decide to start all, or just start one or more of them. The high-energy UV ultraviolet radiation tube 21 is a low-pressure mercury discharge tube, and emits ultraviolet radiation having a wavelength of 180 nm to 230 nm and a photon energy of 472 KJ/mol to 800 KJ/mol. The opposite sides of the photolysis tank 20 are respectively provided with a tank inlet for exhaust gas entering the tank and a tank outlet for exhausting the exhaust gas after photolysis, the tank inlet and the box outlet of the photolysis tank 20 A multi-layer nano-titanium dioxide mesh 23 is provided for pre-oxidation treatment of the exhaust gas, and the multi-layer nano-titanium dioxide mesh 23 is fixed at the inlet of the tank and the outlet of the tank in the photolysis tank.

As shown in FIG. 1, the ozone oxidation treatment 3 device includes an ozone generator 31 and an oxidation treatment tower 32. The ozone outlet of the ozone generator 31 is connected to the oxidation treatment tower 32 through a pipeline 8, and the air of the ozone generator 31 is imported. The external environment is connected to deliver oxygen in the air to the ozone generator 31. In order to satisfy the amount of oxygen in the ozone generator 31, a transfer pump 9, such as a vacuum pump, may be used before or after the ozone generator 31. The ozone generator 31 also uses a high-power high-energy ultraviolet ray emitting tube to perform UV photolysis of oxygen in the input air to generate ozone. The oxidation treatment tower 32 is provided with an oxidation treatment tower inlet 32a and an oxidation treatment tower outlet 32b, respectively. The distance between the oxidation treatment tower inlet 32a and the oxidation treatment tower outlet 32b is the furthest distance between two points on the outer wall of the oxidation treatment tower 32, so that the exhaust gas can be sufficiently oxidized in the oxidation treatment tower 32. Since the malodorous exhaust gas contains oxygen, the ultraviolet photolysis treatment device decomposes to generate ozone while decomposing the exhaust gas, and the ozone and the single molecule malodorous exhaust gas are mixed. The gas simultaneously enters the ozone oxidation treatment tower 32, and insufficient ozone can be replenished by the ozone generator 31. As shown in FIG. 1, the programmable control device includes a main controller 70, an exhaust gas flow sensor 71 disposed on the front pipeline 10 of the ultraviolet photolysis processing device 2, and a pipeline 10 disposed before the ozone oxidation treatment device 3. An ozone concentration sensor 72, an exhaust gas concentration sensor 73 provided in the exhaust gas discharge pipe 6 after the ozone oxidation treatment device 3, wherein the exhaust gas flow sensor 71, the ozone concentration sensor 72, and the exhaust gas concentration sensor 73 are electrically connected to the main controller 70, respectively. The main controller 70 is also connected to the ultraviolet photolysis device 2, the ozone oxidation treatment device 3, and the exhaust gas delivery device 5, respectively.

The exhaust gas delivery device 5 is disposed on the pipeline 10 after the ozone oxidation treatment device 3, and may be a vacuum pump or an exhaust fan. In this embodiment, an exhaust fan is disposed on the pipeline 10 after the ozone oxidation treatment device 3. The exhaust gas delivery device 5 can also be disposed in front of the ultraviolet photolysis treatment device, using a transfer pump or a fan. When the exhaust gas delivery device 5 is disposed on the pipeline 10 after the ozone oxidation treatment device 3, due to the pumping action of the exhaust gas delivery device 5 A negative pressure is formed in the ozone oxidation treatment tower 32, the ozone generator 31, and its piping, and the delivery pump 9 for supplying air to the ozone generator 31 on the pipeline 8 may not be provided.

Working process: Starting equipment, exhaust gas flow sensor, ozone sensor, exhaust gas concentration sensor transmit the collected data to the main controller, and the main controller controls the output power of the ultraviolet photolysis processing device according to the data and program settings. The controller will control the ozone concentration and ozone flow generated by the ozone generator based on the purification treatment effect data and the ozone concentration data. After the ultraviolet photolysis treatment device and the ozone oxidation treatment device are started, the suction fan operates to form a negative pressure, and the high-concentration malodorous exhaust gas in the exhaust gas storage tank is input into the photolysis chamber of the ultraviolet photolysis treatment device at the entrance of the photolysis solution body. The multi-layer nano-titanium dioxide net firstly pre-oxidizes the high-concentration malodorous exhaust gas, and uses the high-power high-energy (180nm~230nm) UV ultraviolet ray beam in the box to instantaneously perform UV cracking on the molecular bond of the malodorous substance. Dissolving the single-molecule odorous exhaust gas mixture in the ionic state to form a single-molecule odorous exhaust gas mixture which is in an ionic state, and transporting it to the ozone oxidation tower for strong oxidation reaction, thereby converting the odorous exhaust gas substance into a simple, small molecule compound, Such as water and carbon dioxide, and then discharged outside through the exhaust duct. The main controller is equipped with a data input and output port, which can be monitored online with the factory main control room. Main technical indicators of equipment work:

1. High-energy UV ultraviolet radiation tube: The UV-ray energy intensity at a distance of 10 cm from the high-energy UV ultraviolet radiation tube is 600 (^w/cm ^{2 )} .

2. Under the no-load condition of the UV purification equipment, after 10 minutes of starting operation, the ozone concentration in the ozone oxidation tower of the UV purification equipment reaches 800 mg/m ³ or more.

The pipeline and each device of the invention are all made of high-quality anti-corrosion materials, have high fireproof, anti-corrosion performance and long service life. The UV photolysis purification equipment is subjected to deodorization and purification of waste gas such as sewage treatment plant, sewage lifting pumping station, garbage treatment plant, pharmaceutical factory, chemical plant, etc., and deodorization purification rate of odorous exhaust gas such as hydrogen sulfide and ammonia. More than 99%.

Claims

Rights request

A high-concentration malodorous gas and industrial waste gas purification treatment method, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

2), the exhaust gas to be treated is photolyzed by ultraviolet rays;

2. The high-concentration malodorous gas and the industrial exhaust gas purification treatment method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2), the exhaust gas is pre-treated by the nano titanium dioxide before or after the photolysis treatment. Oxidation treatment.

The high-concentration malodorous gas and industrial waste gas purification treatment method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in the step 2), the ultraviolet light has a wavelength of from 180 nm to 230 nm.

The high-concentration malodorous gas and industrial waste gas purification treatment method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in the step 3), the concentration of the ozone gas generated during the oxidation treatment is 200 ppm to 800 ppm.

5. A high-concentration malodorous gas and industrial waste gas purification treatment device, characterized in that it comprises an ultraviolet photolysis treatment device connected through a pipeline, an ozone oxidation treatment device, and an operation for controlling an ultraviolet photolysis treatment device and an ozone oxidation treatment device. Programmable control device with exhaust gas delivery device on the pipeline.

The high-concentration malodorous gas and industrial exhaust gas purification treatment apparatus according to claim 5, wherein an exhaust gas storage tank is disposed in front of the ultraviolet photolysis treatment device, and the exhaust gas storage tank and the ultraviolet photolysis treatment device are connected through a pipeline. .

The high-concentration malodorous gas and industrial exhaust gas purification treatment apparatus according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the ultraviolet photolysis treatment device comprises a closed photolysis chamber, and a plurality of ultraviolet rays are disposed in the photolysis chamber. The emitter and the opposite sides of the photolysis tank are respectively provided with a tank inlet for the exhaust gas to enter the tank and a tank outlet for the exhaust gas to flow out after the photolysis treatment.

The high-concentration malodorous gas and industrial exhaust gas purification treatment apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the casing inlet or/and the casing outlet of the photolysis tank are provided with a plurality of layers of nano-titanium dioxide mesh.

The high-concentration malodorous gas and industrial exhaust gas purification treatment apparatus according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the ozone oxidation treatment apparatus comprises an ozone generator, an oxidation treatment tower, an ozone output port of the ozone generator, and oxidation. The tower is connected to the oxidation treatment tower, and the oxidation treatment tower inlet and the oxidation treatment tower outlet are respectively disposed.

The high-concentration malodorous gas and industrial waste gas purification treatment apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the ozone generator is connected to an oxidation treatment tower through a pipeline, and the oxidation treatment tower inlet and the oxidation treatment tower outlet are The distance between them is the farthest distance between two points on the outer wall of the oxidation treatment tower.

11. The high-concentration malodorous gas and industrial exhaust gas purification treatment apparatus according to claim 7, wherein said programmable control device comprises a main controller, and an exhaust gas flow sensor disposed on a pipeline in front of the ultraviolet photolysis treatment device An ozone concentration sensor disposed in the pipeline before the ozone oxidation treatment device, and an exhaust gas concentration sensor disposed in the pipeline after the ozone oxidation treatment device, wherein the exhaust gas flow sensor, the ozone concentration sensor, and the exhaust gas concentration sensor are respectively connected to the main controller, The main controller is also connected to an ultraviolet photolysis treatment device, an ozone oxidation treatment device, and an exhaust gas delivery device, respectively.

12. The high-concentration malodorous gas and industrial exhaust gas purification treatment apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the exhaust gas delivery device is disposed after the ozone oxidation treatment device or before the ultraviolet photolysis treatment device.