WO2011041818A2 - Capteur solaire - Google Patents

Capteur solaire Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011041818A2
WO2011041818A2 PCT/AT2010/000381 AT2010000381W WO2011041818A2 WO 2011041818 A2 WO2011041818 A2 WO 2011041818A2 AT 2010000381 W AT2010000381 W AT 2010000381W WO 2011041818 A2 WO2011041818 A2 WO 2011041818A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cover
solar collector
collector according
chamber
chambers
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/AT2010/000381
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
WO2011041818A3 (fr
Inventor
Herbert Huemer
Original Assignee
Xolar Renewable Energy Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Xolar Renewable Energy Gmbh filed Critical Xolar Renewable Energy Gmbh
Priority to DE112010003991T priority Critical patent/DE112010003991A5/de
Publication of WO2011041818A2 publication Critical patent/WO2011041818A2/fr
Publication of WO2011041818A3 publication Critical patent/WO2011041818A3/fr

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
    • F24S10/50—Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed between plates
    • F24S10/506—Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed between plates having conduits formed by inflation of portions of a pair of joined sheets
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
    • F24S20/80—Airborne solar heat collector modules, e.g. inflatable structures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S80/00—Details, accessories or component parts of solar heat collectors not provided for in groups F24S10/00-F24S70/00
    • F24S80/50—Elements for transmitting incoming solar rays and preventing outgoing heat radiation; Transparent coverings
    • F24S80/52—Elements for transmitting incoming solar rays and preventing outgoing heat radiation; Transparent coverings characterised by the material
    • F24S80/525—Elements for transmitting incoming solar rays and preventing outgoing heat radiation; Transparent coverings characterised by the material made of plastics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S80/00—Details, accessories or component parts of solar heat collectors not provided for in groups F24S10/00-F24S70/00
    • F24S80/50—Elements for transmitting incoming solar rays and preventing outgoing heat radiation; Transparent coverings
    • F24S80/58—Elements for transmitting incoming solar rays and preventing outgoing heat radiation; Transparent coverings characterised by their mountings or fixing means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S80/00—Details, accessories or component parts of solar heat collectors not provided for in groups F24S10/00-F24S70/00
    • F24S80/50—Elements for transmitting incoming solar rays and preventing outgoing heat radiation; Transparent coverings
    • F24S80/56—Elements for transmitting incoming solar rays and preventing outgoing heat radiation; Transparent coverings characterised by means for preventing heat loss
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S80/00—Details, accessories or component parts of solar heat collectors not provided for in groups F24S10/00-F24S70/00
    • F24S80/60—Thermal insulation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/44—Heat exchange systems
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/47—Mountings or tracking

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a solar collector with at least one absorber material for heating a heat-receiving fluid and an at least partially transparent cover for the absorber material.
  • covers The purpose of these covers is to ensure protection of the absorber material against the weather. Another task of the covers is often to couple solar radiation and pass it on to the absorber material.
  • a disadvantage of the known embodiments is that, depending on the outside temperatures, an undesired heat exchange with the environment may occur, which may result in exceeding or falling below a desired temperature of the heat-absorbing fluid. Thus, the temperature of the fluid to be heated in the summer may be well above a desired temperature, while it may come in winter due to lower outside temperatures to below the desired temperature of the fluid to be heated.
  • Another disadvantage of known solar collectors lies in the fact that the thermal insulation properties of the solar collectors usually can not be adapted to external circumstances, since the thermal insulation is fixed by the once attached and no longer changeable cover
  • This object is achieved with a solar collector of the aforementioned type according to the invention that the cover is formed at least from at least one inflatable with a filling chamber.
  • the solution according to the invention makes it possible, by changing the cover covering the absorber material, to change the insulating properties of the cover as a function of weather conditions and annual or times of day by introducing or discharging filling fluid.
  • the transport and storage properties of the solar collector are substantially improved by the inventive solution. So the whole is
  • the cover may have at least one valve for changing the amount of the fluid contained in the at least one inflatable chamber uids.
  • Very good insulating properties of the cover can be achieved in that the filling fluid is a gas or gas mixture
  • An inexpensive and easy-to-use variant of the invention provides that the fluid is air.
  • a good thermal shielding of the absorption material can be achieved by the cover covering the at least one absorber material at least in a direction of light incidence and away from the light incidence direction covered
  • the thermal insulation of the absorption material can be improved even further by the cover essentially completely surrounding the absorbent material.
  • the cover can have at least one inlet and at least one outlet opening for the heat-absorbing fluid.
  • a particularly easy-to-use embodiment of the invention provides that the cover and the absorber material are integrally formed with each other. According to a variant of the invention, it is provided that inside the space bounded by the cover and outside of at least one chamber hose-like flow chambers which are in contact with the at least one absorber material and are absorbed by the heat are arranged are. By means of this variant of the invention, optimum heat transfer to the fluid to be heated can be achieved.
  • the at least one chamber may be coated with the absorber element on a side wall section associated with at least one of the flow chambers.
  • An advantageous development of the invention provides that at least one side wall of at least one flow chamber is formed by an outer surface of the at least one chamber. According to this development of the invention, it is possible to simplify the construction of the solar collector and thus to minimize the production costs. Moreover, in the case of coating the chamber with an absorber material by the short heat transfer path, optimum utilization of the radiated energy can be achieved.
  • a particularly favorable embodiment of the invention provides that the flow chambers are formed by faces of the cover facing the interior bounded by the cover and webs connected to these surfaces. This embodiment of the invention makes it possible to integrally form the lines required for a flow of the solar collector with the heat receiving fluid with the cover and so to achieve a simple construction of the solar collector. The assembly and storage of the solar collector are considerably simplified by this variant of the invention
  • a variant of the invention which is characterized by very good shaping properties and by also very good achievable absorption properties, provides that the cover and the webs are made of plastic. Due to the good absorption properties of polymers over the entire solar spectral range, a very efficient conversion of the irradiated energy into thermal energy can be achieved.
  • the absorber material and / or the cover may have a thermotropic coating, which switches to a lower absorption value of the sunlight upon reaching a certain absorber temperature.
  • the thermotropic coating may be made to change color from a dark color value, such as black, to a lighter color value upon reaching a certain temperature
  • the surface of the absorber material can also be provided with a highly selective coating in order to reduce the heat radiation.
  • a wavelength-selective absorption can be achieved, so that on the one hand there is a high absorption for visible light and on the other hand a low emissivity is given in the near infrared which ensures that less heat radiation is emitted.
  • the production of the solar collector can be simplified, that the cover is made of a film.
  • the use of weldable films is very well suited for the production of the cover, since with these films almost any desired
  • Shaping can be achieved, so that it is possible with this variant of the invention to easily produce solar panels of any shape and size.
  • adaptations of the solar collector without any problems can be made to outside conditions.
  • the cover has on its surface a large compared to the wavelength of the light structuring.
  • a structuring is understood to mean that the local surface normal of the surface of the cover does not always coincide with the global surface normal of this surface.
  • the term "large” in the present context means that the structuring of the surface is so large that diffraction phenomena are negligible and the geometric optics is applicable
  • the cover can have a plurality of chambers in a flow connection with one another for receiving the filling fluid.
  • individual chambers filled with the filling fluid are created by the chambers, whereby the insulating properties are improved can, while on the other hand, by the connection of the chambers with each other a common addition and discharge of the chamber is favored.
  • a development of the above-mentioned variant of the invention provides that the structuring of the surface of the cover is determined by the shape of the chambers.
  • This embodiment of the invention has the advantage that the transmission behavior for sunlight, insofar as it is determined by the surface geometry of the cover, can be matched to the insulating properties of the cover determined by the shape of the chambers. This makes it possible to produce optimized solar collectors for different locations and operating conditions.
  • the insulating properties of the cover can be significantly improved if the chambers are arranged in the form of an at least two-row matrix, so that a central chamber has at least three adjacent chambers, wherein all the chambers are in fluid communication with each other.
  • a vertical air circulation between the chambers of a column of the matrix can be very efficiently prevented, whereby an effective thermal separation of more internal chambers of the more outer chambers of the cover can be achieved.
  • the filling of the chambers with the bonding fluid is not adversely affected by the connection of the chambers to one another.
  • the chambers may be made of mirrored films, one to reduce heat radiation.
  • the chambers of the matrix each have at least one opening to each immediately adjacent chamber of the same row, wherein at least one chamber of a row of the matrix additionally at least one opening to at least one in
  • the solar collector may have a cover or the absorber material surrounding at one edge surrounding frame or eyelets.
  • the attachment of the cover in the frame is facilitated by the fact that the cover has at least one edge projecting holding surfaces and on the frame with the holding surfaces cooperating holding elements are arranged, wherein the retaining surfaces of the at least one edge can be fixed by means of the holding elements on the frame.
  • a simplification of the assembly of the solar collector can be achieved in that the holding elements are designed as clamp closures, wherein the holding surfaces in an open state of the clamping closures between clamping surfaces of the clamp closures can be inserted.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a first variant of a solar collector according to the invention.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of a second variant of a solar collector according to the invention
  • Fig. 3 is a section through a part of a third variant of an inventive
  • Fig. 4 is a plan view of a solar collector according to the invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a side view of a cover with Klenunatorin for attaching the cover to a frame.
  • identical parts are provided with the same reference numerals or identical component names, wherein the disclosures contained in the entire description can be mutatis mutandis to identical parts with the same reference numerals and component names.
  • the position information selected in the description such as top, bottom, side, etc. related to the immediately described and illustrated figure and are to be transferred to a new position analogous to the new situation.
  • individual features or combinations of features from the various exemplary embodiments shown and described may also represent separate solutions in their own right, according to the invention or in accordance with the invention.
  • a solar collector 1 has an absorber material 2 for heating a heat-absorbing fluid, for example water.
  • absorber material encompasses not only coatings and layers but also independent absorber elements
  • the absorber material 2 can be both a coating applied to another component and an independent component, such as, for example Aluminum block through which the heat-absorbing fluid flows.
  • the surface of the absorber material 2 may be provided with a highly selective coating to reduce the heat radiation. In this way, a wavelength-selective absorption can be achieved, so that on the one hand there is a high absorption for visible light and on the other hand a low emissivity is given in the near infrared which ensures that less heat radiation is emitted by the absorber material 2.
  • the absorber material 2 is covered by an at least partially transparent cover 3.
  • the cover 3 can be formed from at least one chamber 4 which can be inflated with a filling fluid.
  • the filling fluid used is preferably a gas or gas mixture, for example air.
  • the use of air as filling fluid has the advantage that in this way a filling of the chamber 4 is possible in a very simple manner.
  • With the Cover 3 according to the invention makes it possible to achieve excellent thermal insulation of absorber material 2.
  • the absorber material and / or the cover may have a thermotropic coating, which switches to a lower absorption value of the sunlight when a certain absorber temperature is reached.
  • the thermotropic coating may, for example, be designed such that when a certain temperature is reached, black changes to a lighter color value .
  • a change in the amount of filling fluid contained in the at least one inflatable chamber can be effected via the valve 5.
  • the cover 3 and the chamber 4 may be in communication with a stationary fluid pump 6, wherein the valve 5 may be connected between.
  • the fluid pump 6 may be adapted to pump both fill fluid into and out of the chamber 4. In this way, a fully automatic change of the amount of filling fluid contained in the chamber 4 can be realized.
  • the fluid pump 6 could be connected to a controller 7, which actuates the fluid pump 6 as a function of the ambient conditions or according to a predetermined schedule. In this way, an optimal adaptation of the insulation properties to external influences can be achieved. For example, during the day, the amount of fill fluid in the chamber 4 could be reduced and thus the thermal insulation capability of the cover 3 reduced to prevent overheating of the heat-accepting fluid.
  • the cover 3 may be a chamber enclosing the absorber material 2. In order to achieve a good thermal insulation of the absorber material 2, the cover 3 may cover the absorber material 2 at least in a light incident direction and facing away from the light incident direction side.
  • the light incident direction is indicated in the figures by wavy arrows.
  • the cover 3 may for example be formed tubular or bag-shaped, so that the Absorbermateria], for example, a flowed through by a fluid to be heated or the fluid receiving metal block, can be easily introduced into the cover.
  • the cover 3 can have a protruding edge with closure means, for example a hook-and-loop fastener. Also, an open end region of the cover 3 can be closed after introduction of the absorber material by welding or gluing, so that the absorber material 2 differs from the Cover 3 is substantially completely surrounded. Welding or bonding edges of the cover 3 is possible, in particular, when a plastic, for example a weldable or glued foil, is used as the material for the cover.
  • corresponding openings for the required supply 8 or discharges 9 can be provided on the cover 3.
  • the cover 10 and the at least one absorber material 11 may be integrally formed with each other.
  • a chamber 12 that can be filled with a fluid can be coated with the absorber material 11.
  • further layers may also be arranged, for example the above-mentioned thermotropic and / or highly selective coating.
  • the cover may include tube-like flow chambers 14 for the heat-absorbing fluid.
  • the flow chambers 14 may be formed by webs 16 bounded within the space bounded by the cover 10 and the surfaces 15 of the cover 10 pointing into the interior of this space.
  • the cover 10 and the webs 16 may be formed of plastic, for example of a plastic film.
  • the flow chamber 14 are in fluid communication with each other, so that the heat-absorbing fluid can flow through all the chambers.
  • the feed line 8 opens and at the other end the discharge 9 for the heat-absorbing fluid.
  • the flow chambers 14 may be in contact with the absorber material 11, for example, at its portion facing the light incident side. This may be the case in particular when an upper side wall of one of the flow chambers 14 is formed by the chamber 12 and the chamber 12 therewith the absorber element 11 is coated.
  • the cover 10 may have on its surface a large compared to the wavelength of the light structuring, such as a wave or rib shape.
  • the patterning of the surface of the cover 10 may be determined by the shape of the chamber 12. In principle, however, it is also possible that elements 10 for structuring the surface are applied to the cover, for example in the form of plastic prisms. In the latter case, the structuring of the surface is not or not entirely determined by the shape of the chamber 12.
  • the surface shape of the cover 10 may for example be selected so that in a fully inflated state of the cover 10 optimal reflection reduction is ensured for most non-perpendicular light incidence angle
  • the optimum shaping of the surface of the cover 10 can be determined, for example, by ray tracing methods. Basically, the shape of the surface is the Cover 10 freely selectable and can be selected depending on the environmental conditions at the site.
  • a cover 17 according to the invention can also have an antireflection coating 18 in the form of a sub-wavelength structure or a thin-film coating for reducing Freneic reflections.
  • the antireflection coating 18 may be attached to the outer surface or, for example, also on all of the light incidence side facing portions of the cover 17, so also on the inner walls of the cover 17. In this way, a large part of the radiation incident on the surface of the cover 10 can be conducted to the absorption material 11.
  • the cover 17 according to the invention can also have a plurality of chambers 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26.
  • the chambers 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26 can be arranged in the form of an at least two-row matrix, so that a central chamber 21, v.24 at least three adjacent chambers 22, 23, 24 and 25, 26th 21, wherein all of the chambers of the cover 10 may be in fluid communication with each other.
  • the chambers 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26 of the matrix may each have an opening to each immediately adjacent chamber 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26 of the same row. Apart from the openings to the adjacent chambers in the same row, the chambers 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26 may be closed.
  • At least one chamber 19, 20 of a row of the matrix may additionally have at least one opening to at least one chamber 19, 20 located in the same column of the matrix with it.
  • these chambers 19, 20 could lie at the edge of the matrix.
  • the solar collector 1 can have a frame 27 surrounding the cover 10.
  • the arrangement in the frame 27, the installation of the solar collector 1 at its site can be much easier.
  • the cover 10 may have holding surfaces 28 protruding from an edge for attachment to the frame 27.
  • holding elements 29 On the frame 27 cooperating with the holding surfaces 28 holding elements 29 may be arranged. By means of these holding elements 29, the holding surfaces 28 can be fixed to the frame 10.
  • the holding elements 29 can be designed as clamping closures, wherein the holding surfaces 28 can be inserted between clamping surfaces 30, 31 of the clamping closures in an opened state of the clamping closures.
  • Clamping surfaces 30, 31 of a clamping closure can be moved and fixed against one another, for example, by actuating a lever 32.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)
  • Thermal Insulation (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un capteur solaire (1) comprenant au moins un matériau absorbeur (2) pour chauffer un fluide absorbant de la chaleur et un couvercle (3, 10, 17) transparent au moins par endroits destiné au matériau absorbeur (2, 11). Le couvercle (3, 10, 17) est constitué d'au moins une chambre pouvant être gonflée par un fluide remplissage (4, 12, 13, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26).
PCT/AT2010/000381 2009-10-09 2010-10-11 Capteur solaire WO2011041818A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE112010003991T DE112010003991A5 (de) 2009-10-09 2010-10-11 Solarkollektor

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ATA1599/2009 2009-10-09
AT15992009 2009-10-09

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2011041818A2 true WO2011041818A2 (fr) 2011-04-14
WO2011041818A3 WO2011041818A3 (fr) 2013-05-10

Family

ID=43857195

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/AT2010/000381 WO2011041818A2 (fr) 2009-10-09 2010-10-11 Capteur solaire

Country Status (2)

Country Link
DE (1) DE112010003991A5 (fr)
WO (1) WO2011041818A2 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT13268U1 (de) * 2011-06-06 2013-09-15 Gerfried Cebrat Roll- und faltbare isolierte sonnenkollektoren mit eingebautem selbstschutz
EP2944896A3 (fr) * 2014-05-15 2016-02-24 Edwin van 't Oever Capteur solaire comprenant au moins un matériau lamellaire et son procédé de fabrication

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4160443A (en) * 1977-07-21 1979-07-10 Donald Y. Shanfelt Inflatable solar heat collector
US4203425A (en) * 1978-07-31 1980-05-20 Clark Dana A Inflatable solar collector
FR2457449A1 (fr) * 1979-05-22 1980-12-19 Granja Antoine Capteur souple d'energie solaire
US4517957A (en) * 1982-02-08 1985-05-21 Pelley Ronald L Inflation supported solar collector

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT13268U1 (de) * 2011-06-06 2013-09-15 Gerfried Cebrat Roll- und faltbare isolierte sonnenkollektoren mit eingebautem selbstschutz
EP2944896A3 (fr) * 2014-05-15 2016-02-24 Edwin van 't Oever Capteur solaire comprenant au moins un matériau lamellaire et son procédé de fabrication

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2011041818A3 (fr) 2013-05-10
DE112010003991A5 (de) 2013-01-10

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