WO2011027858A1 - 銅合金並びにその製造方法 - Google Patents
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- WO2011027858A1 WO2011027858A1 PCT/JP2010/065131 JP2010065131W WO2011027858A1 WO 2011027858 A1 WO2011027858 A1 WO 2011027858A1 JP 2010065131 W JP2010065131 W JP 2010065131W WO 2011027858 A1 WO2011027858 A1 WO 2011027858A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D23/00—Casting processes not provided for in groups B22D1/00 - B22D21/00
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B15/00—Obtaining copper
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B15/00—Obtaining copper
- C22B15/0026—Pyrometallurgy
- C22B15/006—Pyrometallurgy working up of molten copper, e.g. refining
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
- C22B9/16—Remelting metals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/10—Alloys containing non-metals
- C22C1/1036—Alloys containing non-metals starting from a melt
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/02—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of metals or alloys
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/02—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of metals or alloys
- H01B1/026—Alloys based on copper
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a copper alloy, and more particularly to a carbon-added copper alloy obtained by carburizing a copper material.
- Copper materials have characteristics of high electrical conductivity among common metals, are excellent in workability, and various copper alloys including electric wires are known.
- the conventional copper material has a problem that it has high electrical resistance and low tensile strength.
- wt% carbon when trying to add carbon to a copper material, what kind of weight ratio (wt%) carbon can be added and is beneficial, and what kind of method It was not clearly shown whether it could be added by.
- the present invention is based on the inventor's knowledge that makes it possible to add carbon to copper, and in particular, to add hexagonal graphite-type carbon to copper so that it is uniformly distributed to withstand practicality. It is.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a copper alloy having a lower electrical resistance and lower tensile strength than those of the prior art, and a method for producing the same, by solving the above-described problems of the prior art.
- the copper alloy according to the present invention is a copper alloy, and a predetermined amount of carbon within a range of 0.01 to 0.6 wt% is added to molten copper in a high temperature environment. It was made to be characterized.
- the high temperature environment is in a temperature range of 1200 to 1250 ° C.
- the carbon is a hexagonal graphite type.
- a carbon addition accelerator for promoting the mixing of the carbon into the copper in the high temperature environment is added together with the carbon. More preferably, the predetermined amount of carbon is in the range of 0.03 to 0.3 wt%.
- the manufacturing method of the copper alloy according to the present invention is a manufacturing method of a copper alloy, A melting step of heating a high temperature metal melting furnace charged with a copper material to a high temperature environment, removing oxygen in the copper material and melting the copper material; A carburizing step of adding a predetermined amount of carbon to the copper melted by the melting step and in the high temperature environment; A stirring step of stirring the copper material and the carbon; A cooling step of cooling and solidifying the mixture by pouring a mixture of the copper material and the carbon stirred in the stirring step into a mold; It is characterized by providing.
- the carbon addition promoter for promoting that the said carbon mixes with the copper in the said high temperature environment is added with the said carbon, It is characterized by the above-mentioned.
- the high temperature environment is in a temperature range of 1200 to 1250 ° C.
- the predetermined amount of carbon is in the range of 0.01 to 0.6 wt%. More preferably, the predetermined amount of carbon is in the range of 0.03 to 0.3 wt%.
- the high-temperature metal melting furnace includes a kiln part into which the copper material and the carbon are charged, a heating space part that forms a sealed heating space at an upper position of the kiln part, and heating fuel in the sealed heating space. And a heating part for heating the sealed heating space and the kiln part, and an exhaust port formed in the heating space part.
- the supply amount of the heated fuel is adjusted so that the amount of the acid cord discharged from the exhaust port of the high temperature metal melting furnace is zero.
- the top view which shows the metal melting furnace for high temperature.
- Sectional drawing which shows the high temperature metal melting furnace.
- Embodiments of the present invention will be described below.
- Embodiment The copper alloy according to the present embodiment is configured by adding a predetermined amount of carbon within a range of 0.01 to 0.6 wt% to molten copper in a high temperature environment.
- the high temperature environment allows carbon to be added so as to be distributed uniformly enough to withstand practicality, and this high temperature environment is within a temperature range of 1200 to 1250 ° C. It is higher than the melting point temperature of 1083 ° C.
- the high-temperature environment is lower than 1200 ° C., the melting of copper is insufficient, and the added carbon is difficult to uniformly diffuse into the molten copper.
- the predetermined amount of carbon is smaller than 0.01, the electric resistance is the same as that of copper and the effect of adding carbon does not occur. If it is larger than 0.6 wt%, it has a value of electrical resistance lower than that of copper, but the tensile strength becomes too small. Further, when the amount of carbon is larger than 0.6 wt%, it becomes very difficult to uniformly diffuse the carbon, and it becomes difficult to guarantee a quality that can withstand practicality. Therefore, according to experimental considerations, the predetermined amount of carbon is more preferably in the range of 0.03 to 0.3 wt%.
- the atomic weight of carbon is smaller than that of Cu, even if the carbon content is in the range of 0.01 to 0.6 wt%, the number of carbon atoms added is not necessarily small. Therefore, the upper limit of the carbon content is 0.6 wt%. Note that when the predetermined amount of carbon is in the range of 0.03 to 0.3 wt%, it is more preferable to ensure low electrical conductivity and high tensile properties.
- this carbon amount determines suitably from the tensile strength, hardness, electrical conductivity, etc. which are required according to the use of a copper alloy.
- the carbon to be added is preferably a hexagonal graphite type.
- carbon when carbon is graphite, since carbon has a soft characteristic, it may be added so that carbon is uniformly distributed to withstand practicality under a high temperature environment of 1200 to 1250 ° C. It becomes possible.
- carbon since carbon has a very hard characteristic when it is a cubic diamond type, the carbon can withstand practicality even in a high temperature environment of 1200 to 1250 ° C. It cannot be added so as to be uniformly distributed.
- the carbon to be added is added to the copper together with a carbon addition accelerator for promoting uniform mixing of the carbon in a high temperature environment without localizing the carbon.
- FIG. 1 is a plan view showing a high-temperature metal melting furnace 1
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing the high-temperature metal melting furnace 1.
- the high-temperature metal melting furnace 1 is a reflection type furnace, and has a kiln part 3 formed as a mold inside an outer wall part 2 surrounded by a heat insulating material wall.
- a sealed heating space 4 is formed at an upper position of the kiln part 3, and a portion forming the upper part of the sealed heating space 4 has a dome shape, and the radiant heat in the upper part of the sealed heating space 4 is transferred to the kiln part 3.
- a burner port 5 is formed in the outer wall 2 on the front side of the high-temperature metal melting furnace 1, and a high-temperature gas flame 9 is introduced from the burner port 5 by the burner 7, and the gas flame 9 enters the sealed heating space 4.
- the gas flame channel 9a is formed, and the inside of the kiln part 3 can be heated uniformly. Heated in a temperature range of 1200 to 1250 ° C.
- an exhaust port 11 is formed in the outer wall 2 at a position adjacent to the burner port 5, and the state of flame inside the kiln unit 3 can be observed from the exhaust port 11.
- the oxygen in the copper material in the kiln 3 is almost removed by observing that the state of the flame inside the kiln 3 is a pale color from the exhaust port 11.
- a chimney 13 is provided at the top of the high-temperature metal melting furnace 1, and the state of the smoke or the color of the flame discharged from the chimney 13 is also observed in the copper material in the kiln 3. It can be confirmed that oxygen is almost removed.
- the method for producing a copper alloy according to the present invention comprises: a high temperature metal melting furnace 1 charged with a copper material is heated to a high temperature environment of 1200 to 1250 ° C. to melt the copper material; A carbonization step of adding a predetermined amount of carbon or powdery or granular carbon together with a carbon addition accelerator to the copper material in the high temperature environment, and stirring the copper material, carbon, and the carbon addition accelerator carburizer And a cooling step of pouring the mixture of the copper material and the carbon stirred in the stirring step into a mold to cool and solidify the mixture.
- the mixture of the copper material and the carbon stirred in the stirring step is a mold outside the high-temperature metal melting furnace 1 from a take-out port provided at the bottom of the high-temperature metal melting furnace 1. It is poured into and cooled.
- the carbon addition accelerator has a powdery or granular shape, prevents the powdery or granular carbon from condensing to each other, and carbon is mixed into copper in a high temperature environment. It has the effect
- the carbon addition promoter is supplied in a mixture with carbon, and the amount of carbon added to the supplied carbon addition promoter is an amount in the range of 1 to 2 times that of carbon.
- a small lump of carbon addition promoter that retains carbon moves up and down in the molten copper material and can be dispersed in the molten copper material in this process.
- carbon isolate separates from a carbon addition promoter and only carbon is mixed uniformly in a copper material.
- the carbon addition accelerator that has finished the role of uniformly mixing carbon in the molten copper material floats on the surface of the molten copper material.
- the time from when the carbon addition accelerator is added to the molten copper material together with the carbon to the surface of the molten copper material is as short as several minutes, for example, 2 minutes.
- the carbon addition accelerator that floats on the surface of the molten copper material and is recovered using a high temperature resistant ladle tool.
- the carbon addition accelerator can be recovered as follows. That is, the carbon addition accelerator floats on the surface of the molten copper material and is poured into the mold from the outlet provided at the bottom of the high-temperature metal melting furnace 1 together with the molten copper material to be cooled.
- the solidified carbon addition promoter is separated from the solidified mixture of the copper material and the carbon by hitting the cooled carbon addition promoter and the mixture of the copper material and the carbon with a hammer. Can be made.
- the acid discharged from the exhaust port 11 is observed by observing that the state of the flame in the kiln 3 or the sealed heating space 4 from the exhaust port 11 of the high-temperature metal melting furnace 1 is pale.
- the supply amount of the heated fuel of the gas burner 7 is adjusted so that the rope amount becomes zero. Thereby, it is possible to prevent the carbon added to the copper material in the kiln part 3 from being oxidized and prevented from being mixed into the copper material.
- Fig. 3 shows the results of measuring electrical resistivity by the four probe method.
- a pure copper material (a), a copper alloy (b) added with 0.03 wt% carbon, and a copper alloy (c) added with 0.3 wt% carbon were used.
- the pure copper material (a) it was 1.97 (x10-8 ⁇ m).
- the copper alloy (b) added with 0.03 wt% carbon it is 1.89 (x10-8 ⁇ m)
- the copper alloy (c) added with 0.3 wt% carbon is 1.71 (x10 It was confirmed that the electrical resistivity was lower than that of the pure copper material (a), and the electrical resistivity was excellent.
- FIG. 4 shows the results of the tensile test.
- a pure copper material (a), a copper alloy (b) added with 0.03 wt% carbon, and a copper alloy (c) added with 0.3 wt% carbon were used.
- AGS-500D manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation was used as a measuring instrument.
- a plate-like sample having a length of 26 mm, a width of 3.0 mm, and a thickness of 0.23 mm was prepared, stress (MPa) was applied in the length direction, and strain (%) was measured as a deformation amount.
- the amount of added carbon is larger than 0.6 wt%, it is considered that it is difficult and impossible to uniformly disperse carbon in the copper material. Compared to the case of a), the presence of a copper alloy exhibiting a lower electrical resistivity could not be constantly and stably confirmed for each production. In addition, when the amount of carbon to be added is less than 0.01, no significant change in tensile properties was observed as compared with a pure copper material.
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Abstract
Description
また、銅材料に炭素を添加することを試みようとした場合に、どの程度の重量比(wt%)の炭素量を添加することが可能であってかつ有益であり、また、どのような手法によって添加することが可能であるかについて、明確には示されていなかった。
ことを特徴とする。
また、前記炭素が前記高温環境下にある銅へ混入することを促進させるための炭素添加促進剤が前記炭素とともに添加されることを特徴とする。
また、より好ましくは、前記所定量の炭素が、0.03~0.3wt%の範囲内にあることを特徴とする。
銅材料が投入された高温用金属溶融炉を高温環境にまで加熱させ、前記銅材料中の酸素を除去するとともに前記銅材料を溶融させる溶融工程と、
前記溶融工程により溶融され前記高温環境下にある銅へ所定量の炭素を添加する加炭工程と、
前記銅材料と前記炭素とを攪拌する攪拌工程と、
前記攪拌工程により攪拌された前記銅材料と前記炭素との混合物を鋳型に流し込んで前記混合物を冷却凝固させる冷却工程と、
を備えることを特徴とする。
ことを特徴とする。
また、より好ましくは、前記所定量の炭素が、0.03~0.3wt%の範囲内にあることを特徴とする。
ことを特徴とする。
本実施形態本に係る銅合金は、高温環境下で、溶融した銅に0.01~0.6wt%の範囲内にある所定量の炭素を添加させて構成したものである。
高温環境が1200℃より低い場合には、銅の溶融が不十分であり、添加する炭素が溶融した銅中に均一に拡散しにくい。特に、高温用金属溶融炉内の銅同材料の全体を均一的に溶融するためには、銅の融点温度である1083℃に比べて余裕のある高温環境である必要がある。また、高温環境が1250℃より高い場合には、添加する炭素が溶融した銅中において互いにはじかれ局在する傾向を有し均一に拡散しにくく、また沸騰する傾向を有し、現実的な製造に適さない。また、現実的には、高温用金属溶融炉を構成ずる炭素成分等の他の成分が溶出することを回避する必要もあり、1250℃より高くないことが好ましい。したがって、より高温環境の下で炭素を添加させる必要があるが、1250℃以内で理想とする炭素の形態を得られる。また、1250℃より高い高温環境においては、炭素を添加させたとしても、そのような極めて高温の高温環境下に高温用金属溶融炉を操作維持するためには、燃焼燃料コストがかかるということで不経済でもあり、また不純物の混入を回避するための管理面においても技術的に容易でないこともあり、有意な意味をなさない。
したがって、炭素量の上限については、0.6wt%とする。なお、前記所定量の炭素量が0.03~0.3wt%の範囲内である場合は、低い電気伝導率と高い引っ張り特性を確実に備える上でより好ましい。
図1は高温用金属溶融炉1を示す平面図であり、図2は高温用金属溶融炉1を示す断面図である。高温用金属溶融炉1は、反射型炉であり、断熱材壁で囲われた外壁部2の内側に鋳型として形成された窯部3を有する。窯部3の上方位置には密閉加熱空間4が形成されており、密閉加熱空間4の上部を形成する部位はドーム形状を有し、密閉加熱空間4の上部の輻射熱が窯部3の部位に反射し窯部3中の銅材料等に熱が集中するように構成されている。高温用金属溶融炉1の前側の外壁部2には、バーナー口5が形成されており、バーナー口5からバーナー7によって高温のガス炎9が投入され、ガス炎9は密閉加熱空間4中にガス炎流路9aを形成し、窯部3内を均一に加熱することを可能にする。1200~1250℃の温度範囲で加熱される。
冷却工程におては、前記攪拌工程により攪拌された前記銅材料と前記炭素との混合物は、高温用金属溶融炉1の底部に設けられた取り出し口から高温用金属溶融炉1の外部の鋳型に流し込まれ、冷却される。
炭素添加促進剤を、溶融工程により溶融され高温環境下にある銅材料へ粉末状あるいは顆粒状の炭素とともに添加することによって、炭素添加促進剤の小さい塊に炭素が付着し、炭素が炭素添加促進剤に保持される。炭素を保持した炭素添加促進剤の小さい塊は、溶融した銅材料中を対流して上下し、この過程で炭素が溶融した銅材料中に分散させることができる。そして、炭素が炭素添加促進剤から分離して炭素のみが銅材料中に均一に混合される。この後、炭素を溶融した銅材料中に均一的に混合させるという役目を終えた炭素添加促進剤は、炭素添加促進剤は溶融した銅材料の表面に浮上する。炭素添加促進剤が炭素と共に溶融した銅材料に添加されてから、溶融した銅材料の表面に浮上するまでの時間は、例えば、数分間、例えば2分間という短時間である。
また、ひしゃく道具を用いて回収する代わりに、次のようにして炭素添加促進剤を回収することも可能である。すなわち、溶融した銅材料の表面に浮上し炭素添加促進剤を、溶融した銅材料と共に高温用金属溶融炉1の底部に設けられた取り出し口から鋳型に流し込ませ冷却する。次に、冷却した炭素添加促進剤と、前記銅材料と前記炭素との混合物とを、ハンマーで叩くことによって、固化した炭素添加促進剤を、固化した前記銅材料と前記炭素との混合物から分離させることができる。
Claims (14)
- 銅合金であって、高温環境下で、溶融した銅に0.01~0.6wt%の範囲内にある所定量の炭素を添加させた
ことを特徴とする銅合金。 - 前記高温環境が1200~1250℃の温度範囲内にある
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の銅合金。 - 前記炭素は、六方晶系のグラファイト型である
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の銅合金。 - 前記炭素が前記高温環境下にある銅へ混入することを促進させるための炭素添加促進剤が前記炭素とともに添加される
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の銅合金。 - 前記所定量の炭素が、0.03~0.3wt%の範囲内にある
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の銅合金。 - 銅合金の製造方法であって、
銅材料が投入された高温用金属溶融炉を高温環境にまで加熱させ、前記銅材料中の酸素を除去するとともに前記銅材料を溶融させる溶融工程と、
前記溶融工程により溶融され前記高温環境下にある銅へ所定量の炭素を添加する加炭工程と、
前記銅材料と前記炭素とを攪拌する攪拌工程と、
前記攪拌工程により攪拌された前記銅材料と前記炭素との混合物を鋳型に流し込んで前記混合物を冷却凝固させる冷却工程と、
を備えることを特徴とする銅合金の製造方法。 - 前記加炭工程において、前記炭素が前記高温環境下にある銅へ混入することを促進させるための炭素添加促進剤が前記炭素とともに添加される
ことを特徴とする請求項6に記載の銅合金の製造方法。 - 前記炭素添加促進剤は、前記高温用金属溶融炉において溶融した前記銅材料の表面に浮上し、回収される
ことを特徴とする請求項7に記載の銅合金の製造方法。 - 前記炭素添加促進剤は、前記冷却工程において、前記高温用金属溶融炉の底部にある取り出し口から前記銅材料と前記炭素との混合物と共に鋳型に流し込ませ、冷却後に叩かれて前記混合物から分離される
ことを特徴とする請求項7に記載の銅合金の製造方法。 - 前記高温環境が1200~1250℃の温度範囲内にある
ことを特徴とする請求項6に記載の銅合金の製造方法。 - 前記所定量の炭素量が0.01~0.6wt%の範囲内である
ことを特徴とする請求項6に記載の銅合金の製造方法。 - 前記所定量の炭素量が0.03~0.3wt%の範囲内である
ことを特徴とする請求項11に記載の銅合金の製造方法。 - 前記高温用金属溶融炉は、前記銅材料及び前記炭素が投入される窯部と、前記窯部の上方位置に密閉加熱空間を形成する加熱空間部と、加熱燃料を前記密閉加熱空間内に供給し前記密閉加熱空間及び前記窯部を加熱する加熱部と、前記加熱空間部に形成された排気口とを備える
ことを特徴とする請求項6に記載の銅合金の製造方法。 - 前記溶融工程において、前記高温用金属溶融炉の前記排気口から排出される酸索量が0になるように加熱燃料の供給量を調節する
ことを特徴とする請求項6に記載の銅合金の製造方法。
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CN201080037901.8A CN102625857B (zh) | 2009-09-07 | 2010-09-03 | 铜合金及其制造方法 |
JP2011529952A JP5397966B2 (ja) | 2009-09-07 | 2010-09-03 | 銅合金並びにその製造方法 |
US13/393,253 US9033023B2 (en) | 2009-09-07 | 2010-09-03 | Copper alloy and copper alloy manufacturing method |
BR112012005048A BR112012005048A2 (pt) | 2009-09-07 | 2010-09-03 | liga de cobre,e, método de fabricação de liga e cobre |
RU2012113530/02A RU2510420C2 (ru) | 2009-09-07 | 2010-09-03 | Медный сплав и способ получения медного сплава |
KR1020127008745A KR101378202B1 (ko) | 2009-09-07 | 2010-09-03 | 구리합금 및 그 제조방법 |
IN2051DEN2012 IN2012DN02051A (ja) | 2009-09-07 | 2010-09-03 | |
EP10813805.8A EP2476765B1 (en) | 2009-09-07 | 2010-09-03 | Copper alloy and method for producing same |
US14/691,838 US20150225816A1 (en) | 2009-09-07 | 2015-04-21 | Copper alloy and copper alloy manufacturing method |
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US13/393,253 A-371-Of-International US9033023B2 (en) | 2009-09-07 | 2010-09-03 | Copper alloy and copper alloy manufacturing method |
US14/691,838 Division US20150225816A1 (en) | 2009-09-07 | 2015-04-21 | Copper alloy and copper alloy manufacturing method |
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JP (1) | JP5397966B2 (ja) |
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CN106795588B (zh) | 2014-09-09 | 2021-07-06 | 株式会社白金 | 含有Cu和C的Al合金及其制造方法 |
CN105695790B (zh) * | 2016-04-05 | 2018-06-19 | 绍兴市越宇铜带有限公司 | 一种铜合金除铝复合剂及其制备使用方法 |
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JP2007092176A (ja) | 2005-09-27 | 2007-04-12 | Fisk Alloy Wire Inc | 銅合金 |
WO2009075314A1 (ja) * | 2007-12-12 | 2009-06-18 | Shirogane Co., Ltd. | ハンダ合金並びにその製造方法 |
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JPS5293621A (en) | 1976-02-02 | 1977-08-06 | Hitachi Ltd | Production of copper alloy containing graphite |
JPS58217653A (ja) * | 1982-06-08 | 1983-12-17 | Hitachi Chem Co Ltd | 集電子用鋳造合金 |
US4518418A (en) * | 1983-06-10 | 1985-05-21 | Duval Corporation | Electron beam refinement of metals, particularly copper |
DE4006410C2 (de) * | 1990-03-01 | 1994-01-27 | Wieland Werke Ag | Halbzeug aus Kupfer oder einer Kupferlegierung mit Kohlenstoffzusatz |
KR950010172B1 (ko) * | 1993-07-07 | 1995-09-11 | 김진 | 흑연강화 구리계 합금 복합재료 및 그 제조방법 |
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- 2010-09-03 JP JP2011529952A patent/JP5397966B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
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- 2010-09-03 EP EP10813805.8A patent/EP2476765B1/en not_active Not-in-force
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Also Published As
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EP2476765A4 (en) | 2015-10-07 |
US20120219452A1 (en) | 2012-08-30 |
RU2510420C2 (ru) | 2014-03-27 |
IN2012DN02051A (ja) | 2015-08-21 |
CN102625857B (zh) | 2014-12-31 |
US9033023B2 (en) | 2015-05-19 |
EP2476765B1 (en) | 2018-05-16 |
BR112012005048A2 (pt) | 2017-06-06 |
KR20120066648A (ko) | 2012-06-22 |
US20150225816A1 (en) | 2015-08-13 |
JPWO2011027858A1 (ja) | 2013-02-04 |
KR101378202B1 (ko) | 2014-03-26 |
CN102625857A (zh) | 2012-08-01 |
RU2012113530A (ru) | 2013-10-20 |
JP5397966B2 (ja) | 2014-01-22 |
EP2476765A1 (en) | 2012-07-18 |
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