WO2011023296A1 - Système de surveillance pour des transformateurs de puissance et procédé de surveillance - Google Patents

Système de surveillance pour des transformateurs de puissance et procédé de surveillance Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011023296A1
WO2011023296A1 PCT/EP2010/004908 EP2010004908W WO2011023296A1 WO 2011023296 A1 WO2011023296 A1 WO 2011023296A1 EP 2010004908 W EP2010004908 W EP 2010004908W WO 2011023296 A1 WO2011023296 A1 WO 2011023296A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
voltage signal
analysis
teilauswertevorrichtung
transformer
monitoring system
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PCT/EP2010/004908
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Peter Werle
Janusz Szczechowski
Norbert Koch
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Abb Technology Ag
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Publication date
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Publication of WO2011023296A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011023296A1/fr

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/12—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing
    • G01R31/14—Circuits therefor, e.g. for generating test voltages, sensing circuits
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/12—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing
    • G01R31/1227—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a monitoring system for power transformers, comprising at least one measuring device for continuously detecting a voltage signal, which is integrated in a feedthrough of the power transformer, and at least one evaluation device for analyzing at least the voltage signal.
  • the invention also relates to a corresponding monitoring method.
  • the occurrence of partial discharges does not necessarily lead to a malfunction of the power transformer, but is both an indicator of an increased state of aging of the insulation and an indicator of an increased load on the insulation, which accelerates their aging.
  • Such indicators are, as well as the measurement of the tan ⁇ , ie a loss angle, suitable for determining the current state of the transformer, for determining possible transformer errors and any resulting need for maintenance, which is known in the art, however. However, such indicators are also suitable for determining the maintenance requirement based on, for example, the loads of the power transformer accumulated over a period of time, for example several years.
  • the indicators can already be derived from one or more voltage signals; for some analyzes, for example the determination of the loss angle, it is also necessary to record a current signal.
  • the results of the above analyzes are of great importance for diagnostics and maintenance of the transformer.
  • the detection of the voltage signals usually takes place by means of integrated in the transformer bushings capacitive voltage divider, which are provided causally for potential control.
  • the Evaluation device comprises at least a first and a second independent detection device for the latter via at least one connecting line respectively supplied voltage signal that at least a first Crystalausrectvortechnisch for voltage signal analysis in a first frequency range is connected to the first detection device that at least a second Crystalauswakvortechnik for voltage signal analysis in a second frequency range is connected to the second detection device and in that at least one branch with downstream analog filter is provided in the connecting line, which individually limits the respective frequency band of the respective detection device supplied voltage signal.
  • the invention is based on the idea of specifying a monitoring system for the continuous analysis, in particular of the voltage of a power transformer, which enables several simultaneous analysis options for different indicators of the transformer state and thus also an improved overall analysis.
  • the invention proposes not to perform a detection of the voltage signals from a transducer of a transformer bushing with a single detection device, such as an analog-to-digital converter (A / D converter), but rather to provide separate detection devices for respective types of analysis.
  • a / D converter analog-to-digital converter
  • the requirements for the detection devices depend to a large extent on the type of analysis or evaluation of the voltage signal to be carried out.
  • a harmonic of a voltage signal has a period of, for example, a millisecond
  • the time length of a partial discharge pulse is a few microseconds
  • a suitable sampling rate for A / D conversion in the former case is at least about 1OkHz and in the second case at least a few MHz.
  • At least one branch is provided in the connecting line with a downstream analog filter, with which the frequency band of the branched voltage signal is limited to the relevant for a respective evaluation by a sub-evaluation range.
  • the accuracy of the analysis result is thus increased by filtering out non-relevant information in an advantageous manner.
  • a partial evaluation device provided for a separate evaluation or analysis is supplied continuously and synchronously with the voltage signal in a form that has been prepared and recorded in each case, in particular also with respect to the frequency range, which is most suitable for the respective analysis purpose.
  • An arrangement of the Operaauswakschen and detection devices in a preferably common housing allows in a particularly suitable manner a permanent and non-provisional use of the monitoring system in the field.
  • each detection device is assigned in each case an individual analog filter which individually limits the respective frequency band of each respectively supplied voltage signal.
  • each detection device is assigned in each case an individual analog filter which individually limits the respective frequency band of each respectively supplied voltage signal.
  • a detection device which detects an analog measurement signal of a voltage to be analyzed and converts it into a form suitable for a partial evaluation device, preferably has an analogue-to-digital converter.
  • a voltage signal is particularly suitable to be supplied to a computing device, such as a personal computer, for further processing, which in this case is used as a partial evaluation device.
  • the first partial evaluation device is provided at least for an analysis of the harmonic of a voltage, the associated analog filter representing a bandpass for approximately IkHz to 50 kHz.
  • the mentioned frequency range is particularly relevant for the analysis of occurring harmonics, which are particularly relevant to about the 50th harmonic.
  • An at least necessary for an analog-to-digital converter sampling frequency is at least two to four times the frequency of the voltage to be detected, ie at least 10OkHz to 20OkHz at a useful frequency of 5OkHz.
  • the analog filter is also only to be designed as a low pass for the upper limit of the stated frequency range, which may also vary depending on the boundary conditions.
  • the second partial evaluation device is provided at least for a partial discharge analysis, the associated analog filter representing a bandpass for approximately 10O kHz to 2 MHz. This frequency range is of particular interest for the analysis of a partial discharge measurement, whereby variations are also possible here.
  • At least one signal matching device is interposed between the measuring terminal of the transformer bushing and the respective detection device. This allows, for example, a gain or attenuation of the respective voltage signal, whereby it is exactly adaptable to the requirements of the detection device, for example with an amplitude of +/- 10V.
  • a further partial evaluation device for evaluating the results of at least two partial evaluation devices in a temporal correlation.
  • a temporal correlation enables the determination of an improved overall analysis result. If, for example, a partial evaluation device for overvoltages detects a lightning voltage pulse and a further partial evaluation device for harmonic harmonics from this moment permanently increased third harmonic, so from each item is indeed quite useful information removed, the conclusion that just this lightning overvoltage adequately causally responsible for an internal Transformer error could be, by which the harmonics are caused, but is possible only with a temporal correlation of the results of Clausauswaken. As a result, for example, the determination or limitation of a possible transformer error is improved.
  • the further partial evaluation device is additionally provided with a measuring signal of a further measuring device for evaluation, which describes the time profile of a non-voltage-related measured variable, for example a vibration of a temperature and / or a current.
  • a measuring signal of a further measuring device for evaluation which describes the time profile of a non-voltage-related measured variable, for example a vibration of a temperature and / or a current.
  • this is executed several times for each of a different phase of a three-phase network.
  • Three-phase networks have three individual phases, with current and voltage of the three phases adding up to zero in symmetrical network operation with in-phase addition. A clear occurrence of such a so-called zero voltage is an indication of a possible fault in the network or in the transformer.
  • At least one partial evaluation device is additionally provided with at least one digital filter for further filtering of the supplied and detected voltage signal.
  • a digital filter is, for example, by a corresponding calculation algorithm in a realized by a computing device part evaluation and thus designed particularly flexible. The achievable analysis results are thus further improved.
  • a computing device such as a personal computer
  • a / D converters for the respective detection devices is particularly appropriate.
  • an electrical circuit board with programmable EPROM represents a computing device.
  • each sub-evaluation device is then implemented by a respective software program product, which is then processed in parallel by the computing device.
  • further sub-evaluation devices are provided in one embodiment of the monitoring system according to the invention, for example for the determination of peak voltage, tan ⁇ and / or higher-frequency overvoltages.
  • the monitoring system according to the invention it is in several analysis tasks with similar frequency requirements, such as an analysis of the harmonic harmonics and an analysis of a 50Hz overvoltage possible to have them performed by one and the same Operaauswaktechnik.
  • a separate and individually different filtering of the respective voltage signal is not necessarily necessary in such a case, so that the analysis or evaluation functions are summarized.
  • this is arranged in the immediate vicinity of the transformer, which is to be monitored, and for example also connected to the outer housing.
  • the length of the connecting lines is kept short so that a possible deterioration of the analysis results by coupling interference voltages in the connecting lines is prevented.
  • a permanent use of the monitoring device in the field is thereby also simplified.
  • the object according to the invention is also achieved by a method for continuously monitoring a power transformer with a monitoring system according to one of Claims 1 to 14, having the following steps:
  • FIG. 1 shows a power transformer with a first monitoring system in a first embodiment
  • FIG. 1a shows a power transformer with a first monitoring system in the second first embodiment
  • FIG. 1b shows a power transformer with a first monitoring system in a third embodiment
  • FIG. 3 shows a power transformer with a second monitoring system
  • FIG. 4 shows a power transformer with a third monitoring system
  • FIG. 5 shows an exemplary voltage waveform with harmonic
  • FIG. 6 shows an exemplary voltage profile during partial discharge 1 shows a power transformer 12 with a first monitoring system in a representation 10.
  • the substantially symmetrical voltages of the three phases are indicated by the designation U1 (t), U2 (t) and U3 (t), wherein existing undervoltage-side terminals are not shown in the figure.
  • the first feedthrough 14 has an integrated capacitive voltage converter, not shown, to whose connection element, which is likewise not shown, a connecting line 26 is connected.
  • the connecting line 26 is, for example, a shielded coaxial cable, which is guided at its transformer remote end into a first Signalanpassvoriques 38, which in this case thus supplied to the terminal element of the first passage 14 tapped voltage U1 '(t) is supplied.
  • the amplitude of the voltage U1 '(t) is for example proportionally attenuated to a maximum value of +/- 10V in the error-free case and provided at an output, which in turn is connected via a further piece of the connecting line 26 to a branch 28 at which the connecting line 26 shares.
  • two further connecting line pieces 26 are first each guided into a first 46 or a second 48 analog filter, by which the respective frequency band of the voltage signal respectively continued to a first 42 and second 44 connection of a first evaluation device 20 is adjusted individually is.
  • the evaluation device 20 is preferably accommodated in a shielded housing and has two detection devices 22, 24 for the individually supplied voltage signals.
  • the evaluation device 20 serves the purpose of continuously making statements or analyzing values A11 (t), A12 (t) and A13 (t) on the basis of the voltage signal U '(t), which provides information about possible errors in the power transformer 12 and its aging involve or at least enable relevant stress.
  • Each analysis value is determined by a separate sub-evaluation device 30, 32 and 34 respectively, whereby in this example the first analysis value A11 (t) contains a statement about quality and quantity of possibly existing harmonic harmonics, for example a sixth harmonic with an amount of 11% at an amplitude of a 50Hz fundamental frequency Voltage U '(t).
  • the second analysis value A12 (t) contains a statement about the quality and quantity of possible partial discharge processes within the power transformer 12, wherein this is determined again at specific time intervals, for example every second, and provided at the output of the evaluation device 20, for example in the form of digital values.
  • the first part evaluation device 30 is thus supplied with a matched input voltage signal U1 '_1 (t), which consists of the measured voltage U1' (t), a subsequent amplitude modeling by the first matching device 38, a limitation of the frequency band by the first analog filter 46 and a detection through the first detection device 22 results.
  • the first detection device 22 comprises an analogue-to-digital converter, such that the adjusted input voltage signal U1'_1 (t) is ultimately in the form of digital values which are continuously updated in a certain period of time, for example at a frequency of 10OkHz.
  • the first partial evaluation 30 serves the purpose of carrying out an analysis of the harmonic harmonics of the measured voltage U1 '(t) or of the adapted voltage U1'_1 (t). Assuming that the maximum harmonic harmonic at most is of relevance for an analysis, this results in an absolute frequency of the hundredth harmonic of 5 kHz at a fundamental frequency of the mains voltage of 50 Hz. Accordingly, it is expedient to dimension the first analog filter 46 in such a way that it represents, for example, a low-pass for 25 kHz, with a corresponding safety, for example, a low pass for 5 kHz.
  • the sampling frequency of the subsequent first matching device or the A / D converter 22 is according to the sampling theorem at least twice, better four times the cut-off frequency of 25kHz, ie 10OkHz.
  • the second partial evaluation device 32 is supplied with a likewise adapted input voltage signal U1'_2 (t), which consists of the measured voltage U1 '(t), a subsequent amplitude modeling by the first matching device 38, a limitation of the frequency band by the second analog filter 48 and detection by the second detector 24, which also includes an analog-to-digital converter.
  • the second partial evaluation 32 serves the purpose of carrying out a partial discharge analysis of the measured voltage U1 '(t) or of the adapted voltage U1'_2 (t).
  • a partial discharge is a very high-frequency process, for example in the MHz range, so that the second analog filter 48 is to be interpreted as a high-pass filter with a cutoff frequency of a few hundred kHz. This ensures that no irrelevant portions of the voltage signal are used for the partial discharge measurement, which falsify the analysis result.
  • the analysis values A11 (t) and A12 (t) of the first 30 and second 32 partial evaluation devices are both determined continuously and made available for the purpose of time-correlated evaluation by a third partial evaluation device 34, for example as digital values.
  • All three Operaauslusvoriquesen 30, 32, 34 are realized in the form of an algorithm or in a respective program product, by which the respective algorithm is shown, on one and the same first computing device 36.
  • the third sub-evaluation device 34 includes more complex algorithms and, for example, also depicts structures of an expert system for decision-making. Accordingly, its analysis values A13 (t) are also more complex than A11 (t) and A12 (t) and may also include further information about the location and cause of a possible error or even an imminent error warning. Their continuous provision therefore takes place in this example in longer time intervals than the provision of the analysis values A11 (t) or A12 (t), for example also only every 30 minutes or even selectively only in the presence of an analyzed transformer error or another abnormality.
  • Fig. 1a shows the same transformer as Fig. 1 with the same reference numerals, in this case, however, the first analog filter of the first evaluation device is omitted.
  • This is possible, for example - as in this case - with an analysis in the frequency range of 50Hz - a few 100Hz, provided that the subsequent Crystalausrectvoroplasty has an integrated digital filter with low-pass character.
  • the advantages of the invention are nevertheless achieved by the second analog filter in the parallel transmission chain.
  • FIG. 1b shows the same transformer as FIG. 1 with the same reference numerals, except that apart from the omission of the first analog filter according to FIG. 1a, a further signal transmission chain with a further analog filter 46a and a further detection device 22a is provided which has a correspondingly individually adapted voltage signal another Operaauslusvoriques 30a provides. This performs a voltage signal analysis in a higher frequency range of, for example,> 50kHz ... ⁇ 300kHz.
  • FIG. 2 shows an exemplary implementation of a power transformer in a sectional illustration 50.
  • a cylindrical electrical conductor 52 which connects an electrical winding end of a transformer winding, not shown, to the outside through a transformer housing (not shown).
  • Cup-shaped around the conductor 52 and the axis of rotation 56 are arranged a plurality of radially equidistant spaced layers 58 of an electric strip conductor whose axial length is reduced with increasing radius. These layers serve the purpose of potential control, but at the same time also form an integrated capacitive voltage divider.
  • the radially outermost layer is grounded by means of a ground 60, the second outermost is connected to an output line 62, which forms a connection to the capacitive voltage divider.
  • the measuring voltage U '(t) applied there is directly proportional to the measured voltage U (t).
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a power transformer with a second monitoring system in a representation 70.
  • the power transformer 12 corresponds to the power transformer of FIG. 1, but in this example all three feedthroughs 14, 16, 18 with respect to their voltages U1 (t), U2 (t), U3 (t) continuously monitored by a second exemplary monitoring system.
  • the bushings 14, 16, 18 integrated capacitive voltage divider each generate a voltage proportional to the original voltages U1 '(t), U2' (t), U3 '(t), which via respective connecting lines 72, 74, 76 in a second adjustment range 80 are performed.
  • This adaptation region 80 is locally not sharply delimited, but rather describes a region in which a respective branch, adaptation devices C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6 and / or analog filters F1, F2, F3, F4, F5, F6 are arranged , which are interposed between the connecting lines 72, 74, 76, wherein the connecting lines 72, 74, 76 are ultimately guided into a second evaluation device 78.
  • this adaptation region 80 it may be expedient to arrange this adaptation region 80 in the immediate vicinity of the second adaptation device 78, which is functionally similar to the first adaptation device 20 shown in FIG. 1, but in contrast has a three-phase structure.
  • the connecting lines 72, 74, 76 are realized, for example, by a shielded coaxial cable.
  • the adaptation region 80 in the immediate vicinity of the feedthroughs 14, 16, 18, wherein, for example, the analog filters F1, F2, F3, F4, F5, F6 already have an analogue-to-digital converter in the second adaptation region 80 associated optical conversion device, for example, a laser with associated control unit, is connected downstream.
  • the spatial distance between the adaptation region 80 and the second evaluation device is bridged by connecting lines 72, 74, 76 which are each configured in sections as a fiber optic cable.
  • the respective matching devices C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6 are arranged along the transmission direction of the connecting lines 72, 74, 76 only after the respective branches, so that there is the possibility of an individual voltage signal adaptation, for example an amplitude modeling.
  • the second adaptation device 78 comprises a group of in each case three first detection devices E1, E3, E5 with directly assigned partial evaluation devices T1, T3, T5, and one group each having three second detection devices E2, E4, E6 with directly assigned partial evaluation devices T2, T4 , T6.
  • Their operation corresponds to the operation of the corresponding Operaauswaktechniken from the previously described Fig., The essential difference here is in the three-phase.
  • the voltage signal U1 '(t) is thus u.a. a first signal transmission chain. with the components first matching device C1, first analog filter F1, first detection device E1 individually adapted to the first part of the evaluation T1 supplied continuously determining a first analysis value A1 (t), which includes statements in this example with respect to the harmonic harmonics.
  • the voltage signal U1 '(t) is also connected via a second signal transmission chain u.a. with the components second matching device C2, second analog filter F2, second detection device E2 individually adapted to the second Operaauswakenvoruze T2 supplied, which continuously determines a first analysis value A2 (t), which includes statements in this example regarding possible partial discharges.
  • a second signal transmission chain u.a. with the components second matching device C2, second analog filter F2, second detection device E2 individually adapted to the second Operaauswakening device T2 supplied, which continuously determines a first analysis value A2 (t), which includes statements in this example regarding possible partial discharges.
  • A2 t
  • the voltage signals U2 '(t) and U3' (t) are evaluated in a corresponding manner, the analysis results of which are to be taken from the analysis values A3 (t), A4 (t), A5 (t) and A6 (t).
  • a seventh partial evaluation device T7 evaluates in each case the results A1 (t), A3 (t), A5 (t) of the first partial evaluation devices T1, T3, T5 in a temporal correlation and presents the results thereof in the analysis values A7 (t) to disposal. Due to the cross-comparison between the analysis values of three different phases, additional information about the state of the power transformer 12 can be obtained.
  • the analysis results A1 (t)... A7 (t) are stored completely or only partially in a data storage device, not shown, which stores, for example, the analysis values of a period of several days or even months.
  • Fig. 4 shows a power transformer with a third monitoring system, which also corresponds in terms of the reference numerals used in principle to that of the previously shown Fig.
  • a third adaptation range 92 which comprises, for example, signal matching devices and analog filters (not shown).
  • This is preferably arranged together with a third evaluation device 94 and a storage device 96 in a common shielded housing directly and close to the execution of the power transformer 12.
  • the storage device 96 stores the analysis values An (t) of. Analyzer 94 over a period of time.
  • FIG. 5 shows in a representation 100 a profile of a periodic sinusoidal voltage signal with a superimposed 10th harmonic, wherein a period at a mains frequency of 50 Hz comprises exactly 20 ms.
  • FIG. 6 shows in a representation 110 a profile of a sinusoidal voltage signal with superimposed partial discharge pulse.
  • the time scale is clearly stretched here in order to make the partial discharge pulse clearly visible with its time length of a few ⁇ s.
  • the course of the sinusoidal voltage signal is therefore shown only with a fraction of its length of 20 ms, so that it appears in this representation as a time-constant basic value.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Testing Relating To Insulation (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système de surveillance pour des transformateurs de puissance (12). Le système présente au moins un dispositif de mesure (58) permettant de détecter en permanence un signal de tension (U'(t), U1'(t), U2'(t), U3'(t), 100, 110) qui est intégré dans une traversée (14, 16, 18, 50) du transformateur de puissance (12), ainsi qu'au moins un dispositif d'évaluation (20, 78, 94) permettant d'analyser au moins le signal de tension (U'(t), U1'(t), U2'(t), U3'(t), 100, 110). Le dispositif d'évaluation (20, 78, 94) comporte au moins un premier (22, E1, E3, E5) et un second (24, E2, E4, E6) dispositif de détection indépendant pour le signal de tension (U'(t), U1'(t), U2'(t), U3'(t), 100, 110) amené respectivement à ces derniers par l'intermédiaire d'au moins une ligne de connexion (26, 72, 74, 76). Au moins un premier dispositif d'évaluation partielle (30, T1, T3, T5) permettant d'analyser un signal de tension dans une première plage de fréquences est relié au premier dispositif de détection (22, E1, E3, E5) et au moins un second dispositif d'évaluation partielle (32, T2, T4, T6) permettant d'analyser un signal de tension dans une seconde plage de fréquences est relié au second dispositif de détection (24, E2, E4, E6). La ligne de connexion (26, 72, 74, 76) présente au moins une branche (28) dotée d'un filtre analogique monté en aval (46, 48, F1, F2, F3, F4, F5, F6) qui limite individuellement la bande de fréquences respective du signal de tension (U'(t), U1'(t), U2'(t), U3'(t), 100, 110) amené au dispositif de détection respectif (22, 24, E1, E2, E3, E4, E5, E6).
PCT/EP2010/004908 2009-08-25 2010-08-11 Système de surveillance pour des transformateurs de puissance et procédé de surveillance WO2011023296A1 (fr)

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CN104021652B (zh) * 2014-05-23 2016-07-06 威泰能源(苏州)有限公司 一种快插连接电池充电报警装置
CN105158655A (zh) * 2015-08-24 2015-12-16 江苏大学 一种基于频域介电理论的变压器油纸绝缘老化状态评估方法
CN107843816B (zh) * 2017-10-20 2020-02-04 广东电网有限责任公司河源供电局 一种考虑负载率影响的变压器绝缘缺陷状态评估方法

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EP0488719A2 (fr) * 1990-11-30 1992-06-03 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Système et méthode pour détecter des décharges partielles d'interrupteurs à gaz
DE19626527A1 (de) * 1996-07-02 1998-01-08 Abb Research Ltd Verfahren zur Erfassung von Teilentladungsimpulsen und Einrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
WO2007028977A1 (fr) * 2005-09-05 2007-03-15 University Court Of Glasgow Caledonian University Capteur de controle d'isolation haute tension

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US3801899A (en) * 1973-03-26 1974-04-02 Gen Electric Means for detecting the inception of corona discharges within induction apparatus
EP0488719A2 (fr) * 1990-11-30 1992-06-03 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Système et méthode pour détecter des décharges partielles d'interrupteurs à gaz
DE19626527A1 (de) * 1996-07-02 1998-01-08 Abb Research Ltd Verfahren zur Erfassung von Teilentladungsimpulsen und Einrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
WO2007028977A1 (fr) * 2005-09-05 2007-03-15 University Court Of Glasgow Caledonian University Capteur de controle d'isolation haute tension

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Title
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VELLUCCI E ET AL: "Experience on partial discharge monitoring of power transformers", ELECTRICAL INSULATION, 2004. CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2004 IEEE INTERN ATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON INDIANAPOLIS, IN, USA 19-22 SEPT. 2004, PISCATAWAY, NJ, USA,IEEE, 19 September 2004 (2004-09-19), pages 174 - 177, XP010759023, ISBN: 978-0-7803-8447-7 *

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