WO2011012733A1 - Sistema para la compensación de energía reactiva en sistema de energía eléctrica - Google Patents
Sistema para la compensación de energía reactiva en sistema de energía eléctrica Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2011012733A1 WO2011012733A1 PCT/ES2009/070316 ES2009070316W WO2011012733A1 WO 2011012733 A1 WO2011012733 A1 WO 2011012733A1 ES 2009070316 W ES2009070316 W ES 2009070316W WO 2011012733 A1 WO2011012733 A1 WO 2011012733A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- compensation
- unit
- reactive energy
- static
- energy
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/18—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks
- H02J3/1821—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks using shunt compensators
- H02J3/1835—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks using shunt compensators with stepless control
- H02J3/1842—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks using shunt compensators with stepless control wherein at least one reactive element is actively controlled by a bridge converter, e.g. active filters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/18—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks
- H02J3/20—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks in long overhead lines
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/01—Arrangements for reducing harmonics or ripples
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y02E40/10—Flexible AC transmission systems [FACTS]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y02E40/20—Active power filtering [APF]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y02E40/30—Reactive power compensation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y02E40/40—Arrangements for reducing harmonics
Definitions
- the present invention relates, in general, to the field of electrical energy systems and specifically, to a reactive energy compensation system in an electrical energy system. More specifically, the present invention is related to a reactive energy compensation system in an electrical energy system that includes a wind power generation unit.
- Wind power has emerged as a promising source of renewable energy.
- the use of wind farms to generate energy is increasingly common in both developed and developing economies. Thanks to improvements in materials, design and production technologies, the volume of commercial energy production has steadily increased. As a consequence, wind energy has become a viable and economical renewable energy source.
- the integration into energy transmission networks is still a challenge, due to the uncertainty generated by the power produced by the power generation units.
- energy based on wind energy is the variation in the energy supply due to the intermittent nature of the wind.
- the non-uniformity of the energy production causes stability problems in the frequency and voltage in the energy systems. It is therefore an important challenge to implement solutions that facilitate the integration between units of electric power generation based on wind energy and energy transmission networks and at the same time maintain the quality of the energy and the stability of the energy system.
- An important factor to improve the quality of energy in an electrical energy system is the compensation of reactive energy.
- Energy Electric includes real energy and reactive energy.
- Reactive energy is also known as desvatiated energy (without watts) since it does not transfer net energy to the load.
- the proportion between real and reactive energy is defined as the power factor of an electrical energy system. Therefore, controlling the reactive energy and maintaining the power factor as close as possible to the unit is an important challenge in the transmission of electrical energy.
- the effective regulation of the power factor guarantees that a practically constant voltage is available in a wide range of load conditions. The energy is lost in long-distance power transmission lines because the impedances of the power transmission lines increase the need for reactive energy compensation. In general, the effective compensation of reactive energy increases the energy transfer capacity of the electric power system.
- One of the conventional technologies for reactive energy compensation is static compensation (SVC - Static VAR Compensation). However, this technology suffers from the inconvenience of fluctuating current in low voltage situations.
- FACTS Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System
- STATCOM Static Compensator
- FACTS field-activated Compensator
- STATCOM can act as a source or collector of a reactive AC power in an electric power system. Therefore, STATCOM is used to regulate the power factor in electrical energy systems.
- Numerous control proposals have been proposed in the past. However, these control proposals fail in the attempt to successfully implement an effective solution for energy compensation and harmonic elimination.
- the Known STATCOM implementations suffer from problems due to their monolithic design.
- harmonic currents generated in the electrical energy system Another important aspect of reactive energy compensation is the control of harmonic currents generated in the electrical energy system.
- the power generating unit should experience a sinusoidal load with the minimum harmonic distortion.
- a considerable magnitude of the low-order harmonic currents in the electric power system is generated and therefore, the power generation unit experiences a non-sinusoidal load that affects the stability of the power system electric
- Important factors that induce the generation of harmonic currents include non-linear loads (such as electric arc furnaces and static energy converters), operating conditions and grid impedances in the electric power system.
- the presence of harmonic currents affects the quality of the energy and the stability of the energy system.
- LC filters passive filters
- Passive filters are designed to cancel specific harmonics generated at the end of the load.
- passive filters are not able to effectively attenuate harmonic currents.
- some harmonic current elimination systems based on FACTS systems have been proposed.
- sensitive devices based on power electronics that are used in wind farms are negatively affected by FACTS systems operating near wind farms. This can cause large current distortions, which causes disconnections in wind turbines and production losses. Therefore, the use of harmonic current elimination systems based on FACTS near wind farms is a challenging task.
- One of the objectives of the present invention is to achieve a compensation of reactive energy in an electrical energy system.
- Another objective of the present invention is to effectively eliminate harmonic currents in the electrical energy system.
- a further objective of the present invention is to implement an improved control strategy of the reactive energy compensation system to eliminate harmonic current in the electrical energy system.
- Another objective of the present invention is to achieve fault tolerance and redundancy in the reactive energy compensation system.
- a reactive energy compensation system includes the static-synchronous compensation unit (STATCOM), the harmonic current elimination unit and a compensation control unit.
- STATCOM static-synchronous compensation unit
- the static-synchronous compensation unit includes several synchronous-static compensation modules to compensate for the reactive energy in the electric power system.
- the harmonic current elimination unit includes several active filter modules to eliminate the harmonic current generated in the electric power system.
- the compensation control unit implements a sequential control mechanism to regulate the operation of the static-synchronous compensation unit and the harmonic current elimination unit.
- the various designs of the present invention offer several advantages.
- the present invention implements a modular design of the reactive energy compensation system.
- the reactive energy compensation system operates according to the sequential control mechanism.
- the present invention not only effectively manages the requirements for reactive energy compensation in the electric power system, It also effectively eliminates the harmonic current until harmonics of the order 19 under variable load conditions.
- the present invention provides improved fault tolerance and redundancy in the reactive energy compensation system.
- Figure 1 is a schematic diagram describing an electric power system 100, in which several embodiments of the present invention can be implemented;
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram describing a reactive energy compensation system 108, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 3 is a block diagram describing a synchronous static compensation unit 202, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention
- Figure 4 is a block diagram describing a static-synchronous compensation module 302, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 5 is a block diagram describing a harmonic current elimination unit 204, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a block diagram describing an active filter module 502, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 7 is a graph describing the total harmonic distortion relative to the total currents in the electric power system 100, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 8 is a graph describing the current hysteresis control of a reactive energy compensation system 108, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. It should be borne in mind that the elements of the figures have been made simply and clearly and that they have not necessarily been drawn to scale. For example, the dimensions of some elements have been exaggerated in the figures, in relation to the other elements, to improve the compression of the embodiments of the present invention. DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERENTIAL EMBODIMENT
- the present invention resides mainly in the combination of system elements related to the compensation of reactive energy in an electrical energy system. Therefore, the components of the apparatus have been represented, where appropriate, with conventional symbols in the figures, showing only the specific details that are relevant to the understanding of the present invention, in order not to be confusing with obvious details for the specialists in the field and therefore for the benefit of the following description.
- a reactive energy compensation system is provided to manage the reactive energy compensation requirements in an electrical energy system.
- the reactive energy compensation system includes the static-synchronous compensation unit (STATCOM),
- the harmonic current elimination unit and the compensation control unit includes several synchronous-static compensation modules to compensate for the reactive energy in the electric power system.
- the harmonic current elimination unit includes several active filter modules to eliminate the harmonic current generated in the electric power system.
- the compensation control unit implements a sequential control mechanism to regulate the operation of the static-synchronous compensation unit and the harmonic current elimination unit.
- Figure 1 is a schematic diagram describing an electric power system 100 in which several embodiments of the present invention can be implemented.
- the electric power system 100 comprises a power generation unit 102, a power transmission line 104, electric charge 106, one or more reactive energy compensation systems 108a and 108b (from now on we will refer to them as a system of reactive energy compensation 108 and collectively as reactive energy compensation systems 108), and several coupling transformers 1 10a and 1 10b (hereafter referred to individually as coupling transformer 1 10 and collectively as coupling transformers 1 10) .
- the power generation unit 102 may be any commonly known power generation facility, for example a hydraulic or thermal power plant. In one of the designs of the present invention, the power generation unit 102 may be based on a renewable energy source, more specifically, the power generation unit 102 may be an energy generating wind farm based on wind energy.
- the electrical energy of the power generation unit 102 is transmitted to the electric charge 106 through the power transmission line 104.
- Examples of electric charge 106 include domestic, industrial consumption, etc.
- the power transmission line 104 has inherent inductive impedance, which causes losses of reactive energy during the transmission of energy.
- most examples of electric charge 106 are also inductive, and therefore require reactive energy for operation.
- the reactive energy compensation systems 108 provide locally the reactive energy required by the power transmission line 104 and the electric load 106. Therefore, the reactive energy is not obtained from the power generation unit 102 and therefore, losses in the electric power system 100 are reduced.
- the reactive energy compensation system or systems 108 may be connected along the power transmission lines. As shown in Figure 1, the reactive energy compensation system or systems 108 are connected to the power transmission line 104 through coupling transformers 1 10. The reactive energy compensation systems 108 can be connected and disconnected of the power transmission line 104 by controlling the operation of the coupling transformers 1 10. The operation of the coupling transformers 1 10 is controlled by a monitoring and data acquisition control system (SCADA - Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) that is not shown in Figure 1. In the case of long-distance power transmission lines, a number of reactive power compensation systems 108 can be connected to the power transmission line 104 at predefined intervals. Due to the effective reactive energy compensation, the reactive energy compensation system 108 facilitates the regulation of the voltage along the power transmission line 104.
- SCADA monitoring and data acquisition control system
- FIG 2 is a block diagram describing a reactive energy compensation system 108, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention
- the reactive energy compensation system 108 includes a static-synchronous compensation unit (STATCOM) 202, a harmonic current elimination unit 204, and a control unit of the compensation 206.
- the static-synchronous compensation unit 202 includes a plurality of static-synchronous compensation modules to compensate for the reactive energy in the electrical energy system (explained together with figures 3 and 4).
- the harmonic current elimination unit 204 includes a plurality of active filter modules to eliminate the harmonic currents generated in the electric power system (explained in Figures 5 and 6).
- the compensation control unit 206 implements a sequential control mechanism to regulate the operation of the static-synchronous compensation unit 202 and the harmonic elimination unit 204
- the compensation control unit 206 is based on the bipolar isolated gate transistor technology (IGBT - Integrated Gate Bipolar Transistor) and employs a microcontroller panel with I / O ports to control the operation of several static-synchronous compensation units 202 and harmonic current elimination units 204 included in the reactive energy compensation unit 108.
- the compensation control unit 206 works in conjunction with a data recording and supervisory control system (SCADA - Supervisory Control and Data
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram describing a synchronous static compensation unit 202, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- the static-synchronous compensation unit 202 includes a plurality of static-synchronous compensation modules 302a, 302b ..., and 302n (hereafter referred to individually as static-synchronous compensation module 302 and collectively as static compensation modules- synchronous 302).
- Each static-synchronous compensation module 302 is connected to the power transmission line
- the static-synchronous compensation unit 202 has a modular design.
- One or more static-synchronous compensation modules 302 may be activated based on the current requirements of the electric power system 100.
- the operation of each synchronous static compensation module 302 is controlled by the compensation control unit 206.
- the compensation control unit 206 receives information related to the power factors from the SCADA system and current loading conditions along the power transmission line 104.
- the compensation control unit 206 activates one or more static-synchronous compensation modules 302 based on the information received from the SCADA system.
- the compensation control unit 206 activates the static-synchronous compensation modules 302 in a predefined sequence based on the variable load conditions.
- the modular design of the static-synchronous compensation unit 202 provides fault tolerance and redundancy in the reactive energy compensation system 108. Therefore, the reactive energy compensation system 108 shows an improved behavior to withstand failures since guarantees at least a partial compensation of the reactive energy in case of failure of one or more static-synchronous compensation modules 302.
- FIG. 4 is a block diagram describing a static-synchronous compensation module 302, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- the static-synchronous compensation module 302 includes a capacitor bank 402, a control unit of the capacitor bank 404, a controlled switch 406, an inverter 408, a current inverter control unit 410, a transformer unit 412 , and one or more passive filters 414.
- the compensation control unit 206 can activate the static-synchronous compensation module 302 by actuating the control unit of the capacitor bank 404.
- the control unit of the capacitor bank 404 on the other hand, closes the controlled switch 406.
- the capacitor bank 402 generates reactive energy to be transmitted to the power transmission line 104.
- the inverter 408 converts the DC voltage of the capacitor bank 402 at a voltage of the desired level according to the control signal received from the compensation control unit 206. Therefore, the inverter 408 acts as a voltage source of adjustable magnitude and phase.
- the control unit of the current inverter 410 dynamically adjusts the phase angle between the voltage of the inverter and the voltage of the power transmission line such that the static-synchronous compensation module 302 generates (or absorbs) the desired level of reactive energy at the point of connection to the power transmission line 104.
- the transformer unit 412 is a reducing transformer that reduces the voltage according to the operational voltage of the reactive energy compensation system 108.
- the output voltage of the inverter 408 is V 1 .
- the voltage of the electric power system 100 at the connection point of the static-synchronous compensation module 302 is V 8 .
- the output current of the static-synchronous compensation module 302 is I, which varies in relation to V 1 .
- FIG. 5 is a block diagram describing a harmonic current elimination unit 204, in accordance with a design of the present invention.
- the harmonic current elimination unit 204 includes several active filter modules 502a, 502b ..., and 502n (hereafter referred to individually as active filter module 502 and collectively as active filter modules 502). Each filter module Active 502 is connected to the power transmission line 104 through the coupling transformer 1 10.
- the harmonic current elimination unit 204 has a modular design.
- One or more active filter modules 502 can be activated based on the requirements of the electric power system 100.
- the operation of each active filter module 502 is directed by the compensation control unit 206.
- the compensation control unit 206 receives the information related to harmonic currents along the power transmission line 104 through the SCADA system.
- the compensation control unit 206 receives the information related to harmonic currents along the power transmission line 104 through the SCADA system.
- the compensation control unit 206 activates one or more active filter modules 502 based on the information received from the SCADA system.
- the compensation control unit 206 activates the active filter modules 502 in a predefined sequence based on the variable load conditions. As a consequence, the level of current distortion remains approximately constant for variable load conditions in a predefined range of operating conditions.
- FIG. 6 is a block diagram describing an active filter module 502, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- the active filter module 502 includes one or more passive filters 602, an inverter 604, a current inverter control unit 606, and a transformer unit 608.
- the compensation control unit 502 is capable of generating harmonic currents opposite to the harmonic currents generated in the electric power system 100.
- the operation of the inverter 604, the control unit of the inverter of current 606, and the transformer unit 608 is similar to the operation of the inverter 408, the current inverter control unit 410, and the transformer unit 412 respectively.
- the active filter module 502, described here is capable of eliminating harmonic currents up to order 19 5 of the electric power system 100.
- Figure 7 is a graph describing the total harmonic distortion in relation to the total currents in the electric power system 100.
- the graph 0 shows a total harmonic distortion curve 702 according to the current state of the technique and a distortion curve. total harmonic 704 according to the present invention.
- the percentage of harmonic currents in the electric power system 100 is reduced to low levels for a wide range of charging conditions.5
- the level of current distortion is approximately constant for variable charging conditions for a predefined operational operating range.
- the level of current distortion obtained in the nth nominal power supply factor is the same as the level of distortion obtained with the nominal energy, "n" represents the number of modules of active filter 502 activated in the elimination unit of harmonic current
- the level of current distortion for load conditions that vary between the nominal energy and three quarters of the nominal energy is reduced to less than 7.5%.
- the distortion level is reduced to less than 7.5%.
- the distortion level is less than 10%.
- FIG. 8 is a graph describing the current hysteresis control of a reactive energy compensation system 108, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- the graph shows an IGBT 802 control signal, a resulting current 806, an upper hysteresis band limit 804a and a lower hysteresis band limit 804b.
- the reactive energy compensation unit 108 implements a hysteresis band delimited by the upper limit of the hysteresis band 804a and the lower limit of the hysteresis band 804b.
- the control of the hysteresis band guarantees that the resulting current 806 is almost sinusoidal.
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Abstract
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Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US13/384,644 US8847562B2 (en) | 2009-07-27 | 2009-07-27 | Reactive power compensation in electrical power system |
CN200980163069.3A CN102714412B (zh) | 2009-07-27 | 2009-07-27 | 电力系统中的无功功率补偿系统 |
PCT/ES2009/070316 WO2011012733A1 (es) | 2009-07-27 | 2009-07-27 | Sistema para la compensación de energía reactiva en sistema de energía eléctrica |
BR112012001936-8A BR112012001936B1 (pt) | 2009-07-27 | Sistema de compensação de energia reativa em sistema de energia elétrica | |
EP09847748.2A EP2461452A4 (en) | 2009-07-27 | 2009-07-27 | System for reactive power compensation in electricity system |
IN914DEN2012 IN2012DN00914A (es) | 2009-07-27 | 2012-02-01 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/ES2009/070316 WO2011012733A1 (es) | 2009-07-27 | 2009-07-27 | Sistema para la compensación de energía reactiva en sistema de energía eléctrica |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2011012733A1 true WO2011012733A1 (es) | 2011-02-03 |
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ID=43528805
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/ES2009/070316 WO2011012733A1 (es) | 2009-07-27 | 2009-07-27 | Sistema para la compensación de energía reactiva en sistema de energía eléctrica |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8847562B2 (es) |
EP (1) | EP2461452A4 (es) |
CN (1) | CN102714412B (es) |
IN (1) | IN2012DN00914A (es) |
WO (1) | WO2011012733A1 (es) |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CN102714412A (zh) | 2012-10-03 |
EP2461452A4 (en) | 2017-01-04 |
EP2461452A1 (en) | 2012-06-06 |
US20120112714A1 (en) | 2012-05-10 |
US8847562B2 (en) | 2014-09-30 |
IN2012DN00914A (es) | 2015-04-03 |
CN102714412B (zh) | 2015-11-25 |
BR112012001936A2 (pt) | 2016-03-15 |
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