WO2011010695A1 - 主食作物生産増収方法 - Google Patents
主食作物生産増収方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011010695A1 WO2011010695A1 PCT/JP2010/062351 JP2010062351W WO2011010695A1 WO 2011010695 A1 WO2011010695 A1 WO 2011010695A1 JP 2010062351 W JP2010062351 W JP 2010062351W WO 2011010695 A1 WO2011010695 A1 WO 2011010695A1
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- general formula
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- staple food
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/48—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with two nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/50—1,3-Diazoles; Hydrogenated 1,3-diazoles
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/90—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having two or more relevant hetero rings, condensed among themselves or with a common carbocyclic ring system
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for increasing the yield of staple food crops.
- a plant hormone As a chemical substance that regulates plant growth, so-called plant hormones are known.
- a plant hormone is a chemical substance derived from the plant itself, and is a substance that regulates the growth, differentiation, etc. of the plant in a small amount.
- Various chemical substances that regulate plant growth are known, although they are not chemical substances derived from the plant itself.
- 2-azahypoxanthine is a 2-aza-substituted product of hypoxanthine having a purine skeleton, and is known as a degradation product of dacarbazine (DTIC), an anticancer agent, in addition to bentgrass seeds and rice seeds. It is known that it contributes to the improvement of germination rate, shoot elongation, or root elongation and mass increase for lettuce (see, for example, JP 2009-1558 A).
- Yields are also increased by improving the variety, increasing seed mass, increasing number of stuffed seeds, increasing seed number, increasing seed size, increasing harvest index, increasing thousand grain weight, Also known are transgenic rice introduced with a cyclin A gene or the like for the purpose of modifying the seed composition (see, for example, Japanese Patent Publication No. 2007-515167 and Japanese Patent No. 4462566).
- an object of the present invention is to provide a method for increasing the yield of staple foods by using a naturally derived compound that can easily increase the yield of staple food crops.
- the present invention is as follows. [1] A method for increasing the yield of staple food crops, comprising bringing a compound represented by the following general formula (I) into contact with a plant for cultivating staple food crops (excluding seeds).
- R 1 and R 2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a monovalent substituent, or an azo group in which R 1 and R 2 are connected to each other, and R 3 represents a hydrogen atom. Or a monovalent substituent
- the method for increasing the yield of staple food crops according to the present invention is a method for increasing the yield of staple food crops, comprising bringing a compound represented by the following general formula (I) into contact with a plant for cultivating staple food crops (excluding seeds).
- a compound represented by the following general formula (I) since the compound represented by the following general formula (I) is brought into contact with the plant for cultivating staple food crops, the mass per staple food crop increases. As a result, the yield of the staple food crop increases as compared with the case where the compound represented by the following general formula (I) is not used.
- the increase in yield per staple food crop in the present invention is considered to occur independently of the improvement in seed germination rate, crop root elongation, and overall crop volume increase. This means an increase in the portion of food that is eaten, not the whole plant.
- R 1 and R 2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a monovalent substituent, or an azo group in which R 1 and R 2 are linked to each other, and R 3 represents a hydrogen atom or 1 Represents a valent substituent. That is, the compound represented by the general formula (I) is a 2-azahypoxanthine derivative represented by the following chemical formula (Ia) or an imidazole-4-carboxamide derivative represented by the following chemical formula (Ib).
- R 3a represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent substituent.
- R 1b , R 2b and R 3b each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a monovalent substituent.
- R 3a represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent substituent.
- the monovalent substituent include a halogen atom, alkyl group, alkenyl group, alkynyl group, aryl group, hydroxy group, alkoxy group, aryloxy group, alkylthio group, arylthio group, amino group, alkylamino group, and aryl. Examples thereof include an amino group, an acyl group, an acylamino group, an alkoxycarbonylamino group, and a ureido group. Further, these monovalent substituents may further have a substituent if possible, and examples of the substituent include the same as the monovalent substituent.
- R 3a is preferably a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or an alkyl group, more preferably a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, and even more preferably a hydrogen atom, from the viewpoint of increasing production of staple food crops.
- the alkyl group is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and more preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms having a substituent. Examples of the substituent on the alkyl group include an amino group, an alkoxycarbonylamino group, a hydroxy group, and an acyloxy group.
- substitution position of R 3a in the general formula (Ia) is not particularly limited as long as substitution is possible, and may be on a nitrogen atom or a carbon atom.
- Specific examples of the 2-azahypoxanthine derivative represented by the general formula (Ia) include the following compounds, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
- 2-azahypoxanthine (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “AHX”) in which R 3a is a hydrogen atom is represented by the following chemical formula: It is a compound containing a tautomer.
- AHX is a naturally-occurring compound that is known to be produced by, for example, causative bacteria of the fairy ring phenomenon, a part of which grows more circularly than the surroundings in the growth of shiba.
- AHX may be used after being isolated and purified from a cell culture solution of a causative bacterium of the fairy ring phenomenon by a commonly used method such as extraction or chromatography.
- a causative bacterium there can be mentioned Komura Saxi-Shimeji.
- 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide is diazotized and then chemically synthesized by ring closure. You may use what you did.
- a 2-azahypoxanthine derivative in which R 3a is other than a hydrogen atom can be synthesized, for example, by a method usually used starting from the AHX.
- a compound in which R 3a is an alkyl group can be synthesized by allowing an alkyl halide to act on AHX.
- R 1b , R 2b and R 3b each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a monovalent substituent.
- the monovalent substituent include a halogen atom, alkyl group, alkenyl group, alkynyl group, aryl group, hydroxy group, alkoxy group, aryloxy group, alkylthio group, arylthio group, amino group, alkylamino group, and aryl. Examples thereof include an amino group, an acyl group, an acylamino group, an alkoxycarbonylamino group, and a ureido group.
- these monovalent substituents may further have a substituent if possible, and examples of the substituent include the same as the monovalent substituent.
- an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms is preferable, an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms is more preferable, and an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms is more preferable.
- Specific examples include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, cyclopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, t-butyl, hexyl, cyclohexyl and the like.
- the alkyl group may further have a substituent, and specific examples include chloromethyl, chloroethyl, fluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, hydroxymethyl, benzyl, phenylethyl and the like.
- the alkenyl group is preferably an alkenyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, and specific examples thereof include vinyl, allyl, butenyl and the like.
- the alkynyl group is preferably an alkynyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, and specific examples thereof include ethynyl and propynyl.
- the aryl group is preferably an aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, and specific examples thereof include phenyl and naphthyl.
- alkyl moiety in the alkoxy group, the alkylthio group, the alkylamino group, the acyl group, the acylamino group, and the alkoxycarbonylamino group examples include the same alkyl groups as those described above.
- the aryl part in an aryloxy group, an arylthio group, and an arylamino group can mention the same thing as the said aryl group.
- the ureido group may be an unsubstituted ureido group or a ureido group substituted with the alkyl group or aryl group.
- R 1b , R 2b and R 3b are each independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group, a hydroxy group, an alkoxy group, an amino group, an acylamino group, an alkoxycarbonyl, from the viewpoint of increasing staple crop production. It is preferably a group selected from an amino group and a ureido group, more preferably a group selected from a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group, an amino group, an acylamino group, an alkoxycarbonylamino group, and a ureido group.
- R 1b and R 3b are hydrogen atoms and R 2b is a hydrogen atom or an amino group.
- R 1b, that R 2b and R 3b are all hydrogen atoms Preferred.
- R 3b is the same as the preferred embodiment of R 3a in the general formula (Ia).
- Specific examples of the imidazole-4-carboxamide derivative represented by the general formula (Ib) include the following compounds, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
- imidazole-4-carboxamide represented by the general formula (Ib)
- compounds in which R 1b , R 2b and R 3b are all hydrogen atoms that is, imidazole-4-carboxamide (hereinafter referred to as “ICA”)
- ICA imidazole-4-carboxamide
- AHX a causative bacterium of the fairy ring phenomenon in the growth of buckwheat. It is a derived compound.
- ICA may be isolated and purified from a cell culture solution of a causative bacterium of the fairy ring phenomenon by a commonly used method such as extraction or chromatography. Also, amidation of ethylimidazole-4-carboxylate can be obtained according to the method described in Synth. Commun., 17, 1409-1412 (1987). Furthermore, ICA can also be obtained by denitrogenating the 2-azahypoxanthine (AHX). Such denitrogenation is considered to be possible even in plants, for example.
- imidazole-4-carboxamide derivative represented by the general formula (Ib) can be synthesized by, for example, a commonly used method using ICA and its derivatives as starting materials.
- the staple food crop in the present invention means a crop that is a main energy source for humans and that provides seeds and root vegetables rich in carbohydrates, particularly starch.
- the staple food crop in the method for increasing the yield of staple food according to the present invention includes cereals, moss, beans, and the like. Among them, cereals and moss used as staple foods in many areas are the viewpoints of the effect of increasing the staple food crops. And preferable from the viewpoint of demand.
- the grain is preferably a gramineous plant from the viewpoint of increasing the yield.
- gramineous plants include rice (genus of rice), sorghum, maize (genus of corn), wheat (genus of wheat), barley (genus of barley), peanuts, rye and oats, among others. From the viewpoint of demand, rice, corn and wheat are more preferable.
- moss examples include plants belonging to the eggplant family, convolvulaceae, chrysanthemum family, taro family, yam family, and euphorbiaceae.
- potatoes Solanum eggplants
- sweet potatoes Convolvulaceae sweet potatoes
- cucumbers Asteraceae sunflowers
- taros Araceae taros
- konjac potatoes Araceae konjacs
- Chinese yams Yamamidae) (Yamano-genus), Yamano-imo (Yamanoimo-no-Yamaimo), cassava (Eurasianaceae), and the like.
- Potato varieties are not particularly limited, and examples include danshak and make-in.
- the staple food crop comes into contact with the compound represented by the general formula (I) in the form of a plant for cultivation.
- the selection of the plant body for cultivation differs depending on the type of the main staple crop, and may be selected based on the normal cultivation form.
- the plant for cultivation in the present specification means a normal form when growing in a cultivation place by germination or planting, and does not include seeds before germination.
- moss when moss is selected, it may be contacted with the compound represented by the above general formula (I) using a root or an underground stem as a plant for cultivation.
- Tuberous roots correspond to sweet potatoes and cassava, tubers correspond to potatoes, and corms correspond to taros. These are sometimes sometimes referred to as seeds.
- These roots or rhizomes may be cultivated by applying the method used when cultivated as a staple food as it is, for example, and may be cut into an appropriate size and planted in the soil.
- contact with the compound represented by the general formula (I) may be performed in the form of a plant after planting.
- the plant body after planting means, for example, in the case of rice, a plant body after planting seedlings in a paddy field, for example, in the case of corn, a plant body germinated after sowing or a plant body after that, or after planting seedlings Means the plant body.
- the contact concentration of the compound represented by the general formula (I) to be brought into contact with a plant can be appropriately selected according to the kind of plant and its growth stage.
- the contact method can also be arbitrarily selected.
- the concentration of the compound represented by the general formula (I) may generally be 1 ⁇ M or more, and is preferably 1 ⁇ M or more and 2 mM or less, preferably 2 ⁇ M or more and 1 mM or less from the viewpoint of production increase effect and efficiency. More preferably.
- the cultivation method may be either hydroponics or soil cultivation, and a cultivation method that is usually used according to the type of staple food crop may be applied as it is. Cultivation is generally started by planting seed pods in the soil.
- the compound represented by the general formula (I) is not particularly limited as long as it is appropriately added to the cultivated soil as long as the concentration range described above can be maintained.
- the cultivation of cereals may be either hydroponics or soil cultivation. What is necessary is just to add the compound represented with the said general formula (I) suitably to a cultivation liquid or cultivation soil, respectively, in the range which can maintain the density
- the cultivation period can be divided into a stage before the harvest from the rooting period, the germination period, the germination period, and the flowering period.
- the contact with the compound represented by the general formula (I) may be at any time, but from the viewpoint of a reliable yield increase effect, contact from the rooting period corresponding to the initial stage of cultivation Is preferred.
- the cultivation period is generally defined as the vegetative growth period until the ears form from the seedlings, and the reproductive growth period composed of the heading period, the flowering period and the ripening period until the ears are formed.
- the contact with the compound represented by the general formula (I) may be at any time, but from the viewpoint of a reliable yield increase effect, the period from germination to seedling and / or the vegetative growth period It is preferable that they are in contact with each other.
- the compound represented by the general formula (I) is added in the early stage of cultivation, from the viewpoint of adapting the germinated or planted plant body to the cultivation place, it is represented by the general formula (I) after the start of cultivation. A period of non-contact with the compound to be formed may be provided.
- the general formula (I) is used after 1 week after planting, preferably after 2 weeks. In the case of potatoes and other moss, the compound can be added after 5 days, preferably after 1 week.
- the addition period is not particularly limited and may be the entire period until harvest.
- the compound represented by the general formula (I) when used, it may be used together with a known formulation additive, or may be used in any dosage form.
- Known additives for pharmaceutical preparations include excipients, emulsifiers, wetting agents and the like.
- the form of the compound represented by the general formula (I) may be any form that can be used in the art, such as an emulsion, a liquid, an oil, an aqueous solution, a wettable powder, a flowable, It can be in the form of powder, fine granules, granules, aerosol or paste.
- the increase in the yield of the staple food crop in the present invention may increase the yield per strain, and means an increase in either the grain size or the number of grains as an edible portion in the staple food crop.
- an increase in the weight or number of rice grains is mentioned, and in the case of moss, it means an increase in either the size and number of roots and / or rhizomes as edible organs.
- the grain weight is increased by contact with the compound represented by the general formula (I) in hydroponics, while it is represented by the general formula (I) in soil cultivation. Contact with the compound increases the number of grains.
- the yield can be increased regardless of the type of cultivation method.
- Example 1 Yield increase effect of rice by hydroponics Rice (variety: “Nihonbare”) was used for the test. Rice seedlings seeded in a seedling box and cultured for 20 days were transplanted one by one into a pot (1 / 5000a) and cultured in tap water for one week. Rice cultivation after culturing with tap water was carried out in an outdoor environment from July to 97 days using a cultivation medium supplemented with AHX (50 ⁇ M) synthesized above.
- AHX 50 ⁇ M
- the culture medium used for the addition was the culture medium for each of the AHX-treated group and the control group. However, in the case of hydroponics, the culture medium was changed once a week. Grains after cultivation are dried for 2 weeks, brown rice mass, brown rice water content and carbon, nitrogen content, brown rice size and number (per share), leaf length, culm length, ear length, ear number, branch The number, the mass of the above-ground part or the underground part was measured.
- the results are shown in Table 1. In Table 1, * indicates that there is a significant difference at the 5% level by the t-test method.
- Example 2 Yield increase 1 in soil cultivation of rice Rice (Japanese fine) seedlings one by one in soil (using 1/5000 a pot) containing fertilizers of N (1440 mg), P 2 O 5 (12 mg), K 2 O (760 mg), CaO (806 mg) Soil cultivation was carried out for 97 days from July in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the transplanted one was used. Water and nutrients were replenished once daily.
- the respective culture media were used for the AHX (50 ⁇ M) -treated group and the control group. Unlike hydroponics, the culture medium was not changed.
- Example 3 Yield increase 2 in rice soil cultivation Soil (1/5000 a) containing fertilizers of N (1440 mg), P 2 O 5 (12 mg), K 2 O (760 mg), and CaO (806 mg) one by one rice (Japanese fine) seedlings cultured for 30 days Soil cultivation was carried out from June 10 to September 29, 2009 in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the transplanted pot was used. Water and nutrients were replenished once daily.
- the medium used for the addition was the culture medium for each of the AHX (5 ⁇ M) treatment group, the ICA (2 ⁇ M) treatment group and the control group. Unlike hydroponics, the culture medium was not changed.
- Example 4 Yield increase 3 in rice soil cultivation Rice (variety: “Nihonbare”) was used for the test. Rice seedlings seeded in a seedling box and cultured for 16 days were transplanted into a pot (1/5000 a), and the culture medium supplemented with AHX (1 mM) synthesized above was used for 2 weeks before planting. Cultivation was carried out.
- Example 6 Yield increase effect on wheat 6kg paddy rice seedling soil was put in a 1 / 2000a pot with bottom stones, and 4g of 5-7-6 (Chisso-Rin-Kali) was added as a basic fertilizer. After watering sufficiently, 3 days after that, 10 wheat per pot was sown. 300 ml of water was given once a week for cultivation, and thinning was carried out 2 weeks after germination, leaving 5 seedlings with good growth. For the subsequent two weeks, once every week, once every week, AHX (5 ⁇ M) treatment, AHX (50 ⁇ M) treatment, AHX (1 mM) treatment, ICA (2 ⁇ M) treatment, and control (water only) treatment were performed on each of 6 pots. .
- the method for increasing the yield of staple food crops of the present invention can increase the yield of staple food crops by bringing the compound represented by the general formula (I) into contact with a plant for cultivation (excluding seeds). High availability on.
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Abstract
Description
このような観点からも、種々の植物生長調節剤が使用されてきており、例えばジャガイモの増収剤として、ステアリルアルコール等の炭素数12~24の1価アルコール(例えば、特開2006-45144号公報参照)や、トリアゾール系化合物(例えば、特開平9-71号公報参照)などが知られている。
従って、本発明は、簡便に主食作物の生産増収が可能な天然由来の化合物による主食作物生産増収方法を提供することを目的とする。
[1] 下記一般式(I)で表される化合物と、主食作物の栽培用植物体(種子を除く)とを接触させることを含む主食作物生産増収方法。
[2] 前記主食作物が、穀物類又は芋類である[1]に記載の主食作物生産増収方法。
[3] 前記一般式(I)で表される化合物と、イネ科植物の栽培用植物体とを接触させて土耕栽培を行うことを含む[1]又は[2]記載の主食作物生産増収方法。
[4] 前記一般式(I)で表される化合物と、イネ科植物の栽培用植物体とを接触させて水耕栽培を行うことを含む[1]又は[2]記載の主食作物生産増収方法。
[5] 前記一般式(I)で表される化合物と、ナス科、ヒルガオ科、キク科、サトイモ科、ヤマノイモ科又はトウダイグサ科植物に属する芋類の栽培用植物体とを接触させて土耕栽培を行うことを含む[1]又は[2]記載の主食作物生産増収方法。
本発明では、下記一般式(I)で表される化合物を主食作物の栽培用植物体と接触させるので、主食作物の1株あたりの質量が増加する。この結果、下記一般式(I)で表される化合物を使用しない場合と比較して主食作物の収量が増加する。
本発明における主食作物1株あたりの収量の増加は、種子の発芽率の向上、作物の根の伸長や作物全体の体積の増加とは独立して生じると考えられ、主食作物としての収量、即ち、植物体全体ではなく、食される部分の増加を意味する。
すなわち前記一般式(I)で表される化合物は、下記化学式(Ia)で表される2-アザヒポキサンチン誘導体、又は下記化学式(Ib)で表されるイミダゾール-4-カルボキサミド誘導体である。
また前記アルキル基としては、炭素数1~10のアルキル基であることが好ましく、置換基を有している炭素数1~8のアルキル基であることがより好ましい。前記アルキル基上の置換基としては、アミノ基、アルコキシカルボニルアミノ基、ヒドロキシ基、アシルオキシ基等を挙げることができる。
一般式(Ia)で表される2-アザヒポキサンチン誘導体の具体例としては、以下のような化合物を挙げることができるが、本発明はこれらに限定されない。
また、例えば、Magn. Reson. Chem., 40, 300-302 (2002) 等に記載の方法に基づいて、5-アミノイミダゾール-4-カルボキサミドをジアゾ化した後、閉環することで化学的に合成したものを使用してもよい。
アルケニル基としては炭素数2~6のアルケニル基が好ましく、具体的には、ビニル、アリル、ブテニル等を挙げることができる。
アルキニル基としては炭素数2~6のアルキニル基が好ましく、具体的には、エチニル、プロピニル等を挙げることができる。
アリール基としては、炭素数6~10のアリール基が好ましく、具体的には、フェニル、ナフチル等を挙げることができる。
アルコキシ基、アルキルチオ基、アルキルアミノ基、アシル基、アシルアミノ基、アルコキシカルボニルアミノ基におけるアルキル部分は、前記アルキル基と同様のものを挙げることができる。また、アリールオキシ基、アリールチオ基、アリールアミノ基におけるアリール部分は、前記アリール基と同様のものを挙げることができる。
さらにウレイド基は、無置換のウレイド基であっても、前記アルキル基またはアリール基で置換されたウレイド基であってもよい。
一般式(Ib)で表されるイミダゾール-4-カルボキサミド誘導体の具体例としては、以下のような化合物をあげることができるが、本発明はこれらに限定されない。
また、Synth. Commun., 17, 1409-1412 (1987)に記載の方法に準じて、エチルイミダゾール-4-カルボキシレートをアミド化することも得ることができる。
さらにまたICAは、前記2-アザヒポキサンチン(AHX)を脱窒素分解することで得ることもできる。このような脱窒素分解は、例えば、植物体中でも起こりうると考えられる。
本発明の主食作物生産増収方法における主食作物としては、穀物、芋類、豆類などが挙げられ、中でも多くの地域において主食として用いられている穀物及び芋類であることが主食作物増収効果の観点及び需要の観点から好ましい。
芋類の栽培は、一般に種芋を土中に植えることで開始する。前記一般式(I)で表される化合物は、上述した濃度範囲が維持できる範囲で栽培土に適宜添加していればよく、特に制限はない。
穀物類の栽培は、水耕と土耕とのいずれであってもよい。前記一般式(I)で表される化合物は、上述した濃度範囲が維持できる範囲で、それぞれ栽培液又は栽培土に適宜添加すればよい。
穀物、例えばイネの場合には、栽培期間を一般に、苗から穂ができるまでの栄養生長期と、穂が形成されるまでの出穂期、開花期及び登熟期で構成される生殖生長期とに分けることができる。このうち前記一般式(I)で表される化合物との接触は、いずれの時期であってもよいが、確実な増収効果の観点から、発芽から苗までの期間、及び/又は、栄養生長期から接触していることが好ましい。
特に、イネ科植物の場合、水耕栽培で前記一般式(I)で表される化合物と接触させることによって粒重が増加し、一方、土耕栽培で前記一般式(I)で表される化合物と接触させることによって粒数が増加する。この結果、イネ科植物の場合には、栽培方法の種類に拘わらず収量を増やすことができる。
本明細書に記載された全ての文献、特許出願、および技術規格は、個々の文献、特許出願、および技術規格が参照により取り込まれることが具体的かつ個々に記された場合と同程度に、本明細書に参照により取り込まれる。
AHXの合成
AHXは、Magn. Reson. Chem., 40, 300-302 (2002)に記載された方法に従って、5-アミノイミダゾール-4-カルボキサミドをジアゾ化した後、閉環することにより、合成した。
上記で得られたAHXと6-(Boc-アミノ)ヘキシルブロマイドとを、無水ジメチルスルホキシド中、50℃で反応させることで、下記例示化合物(1)及び(2)を得た。
さらに、得られた例示化合物(1)及び(2)をトリフルオロ酢酸(TFA)で処理することにより下記例示化合物(3)及び(4)をそれぞれ得た。
ICAは、Synth. Commun., 17, 1409-1412 (1987)に記載された方法に従って、エチールイミダゾール-4-カルボキシレートを、アンモニア水溶液中で100℃、4日間処理することにより合成した。
イネの水耕栽培による増収効果
イネ(品種:「日本晴れ」)を試験に用いた。育苗箱に播種して、20日間培養したイネの苗を一本ずつポット(1/5000 a)に移植し、1週間、水道水で培養した。
水道水による培養後のイネの栽培を、上記で合成したAHX(50μM)を添加した栽培用培地を用いて、7月から97日間にわたって屋外環境下で行った。
イネを移植した8日目から32日目まで、また73日目から97日目までは、培地原液の半分の濃度で栽培を行い、33日目から72日目までは培地原液を使用した。コントロールは栽培用培地のみを使用した。
栽培後の穀物を2週間乾燥し、玄米質量、玄米の水分含量及び炭素、窒素含量、玄米サイズ及び数(1株あたり)と、葉の長さ、桿長、穂長、穂数、分ゲツ数、地上部また地下部の質量を測った。なお、玄米サイズは、玄米質量(g/100玄米)から得た一粒の質量であり、玄米数は、玄米重(g/株)を玄米重(g/100玄米)で割ったものである。(株の個体数n=6)
結果を表1に示す。表1中、*は、t-検定法により5%水準で有意差があることを示す。
従って、イネ科植物の水耕栽培では、一般式(I)で表される化合物によって、粒の大きさの増大に基づく収量の増加が期待できる。
イネの土耕栽培における増収効果1
イネ(日本晴れ)の苗を一本ずつN(1440mg)、P2O5(12mg)、K2O(760mg)、CaO(806mg)の肥料が含有された土(1/5000 aポット使用)に移植したものを使用した以外は、実施例1と同様にして、土耕栽培を7月から97日間行った。
水分及び栄養分の補給は、毎日1度行った。添加に用いた培地はAHX(50μM)処理区、コントロール区に各々の栽培用培地を使用した。なお、水耕栽培とは異なり、栽培用培地の交換は行わなかった。
土耕栽培した穀物を2週間乾燥し、実施例1と同様に、玄米質量、玄米の水分含量及び炭素、窒素含量、玄米サイズ及び数(1株あたり)と、葉の長さ、桿長、穂長、穂数、分ゲツ数、地上部の質量を測った。(n=7)
結果を表2に示す。表2中、*は、t-検定法により5%水準で有意差があることを示す。
従って、イネ科植物の土耕栽培では、一般式(I)で表される化合物によって、粒数の増加に基づく収量の増加が期待できる。
イネの土耕栽培における増収効果2
30日間培養したイネ(日本晴れ)の苗を一本ずつN(1440mg)、P2O5(12mg)、K2O(760mg)、CaO(806mg)の肥料が含有された土(1/5000 aポット使用)に移植したものを使用した以外は、実施例1と同様にして、土耕栽培を2009年6月10日から9月29日まで行った。
水分及び栄養分の補給は、毎日1度行った。添加に用いた培地はAHX(5μM)処理区、ICA(2μM)処理区、コントロール区に各々の栽培用培地を使用した。なお、水耕栽培とは異なり、栽培用培地の交換は行わなかった。
土耕栽培した穀物を2週間乾燥し、玄米質量、玄米の水分含量、玄米サイズ及び数(1株あたり)と、穂長、桿長、穂数、及び地上部の質量を測った。(n=6)
結果を表3に示す。表3中、*は、t-検定法により5%水準で有意差があることを示す。
AHX及びICAいずれの場合であっても一つの玄米サイズがほぼ同一であることから、総玄米重の増加は玄米数の増加によるものと考えられる。一方、イネ全体としては葉の長さや穂数には有意な差は認められなかった。この結果から、AHX及びICAが植物体全体の生長ではなく、主食作物の収量として重要な玄米の数の増加に寄与していることが示唆される。
従って、イネ科植物の土耕栽培では、一般式(I)で表される化合物によって、粒数の増加に基づく収量の増加が期待できる。
イネの土耕栽培における増収効果3
イネ(品種:「日本晴れ」)を試験に用いた。育苗箱に播種して、16日間培養したイネの苗をポット(1/5000 a)に移植し、上記で合成したAHX(1mM)を添加した栽培用培地を用いて、定植前の2週間水耕栽培を行った。
土耕栽培した穀物を2週間乾燥し、玄米質量、玄米の水分含量、玄米サイズ及び数(1株あたり)と、穂長、桿長、穂数、及び地上部の質量を測った。(n=6)
結果を表4に示す。表4中、*は、t-検定法により5%水準で有意差があることを示す。
この結果からも、一般式(I)で表される化合物が、主食作物の収量として重要な玄米の数の増加に寄与していることが示唆される。
以上から、イネ科植物の土耕栽培では、一般式(I)で表される化合物によって、粒数の増加に基づく収量の増加が期待できる。
ジャガイモに対する増収効果
ジャガイモ(品種:「ダンシャク」)の種イモを30g~35gになるように切って、N(960mg)、P2O5(480mg)、K2O(640mg)、MgO(320mg)の肥料が含有した土(1/2000 aポット使用)にそれぞれ根付けした。2週間、水道水で栽培した後(地上部が現れた後)に、AHXを、毎週2.74mg(20μmol)、水道水に溶解させてポットに添加した。ダンシャクイモの栽培を、1月から12週間にわたり、屋外環境下で行った。コントロール区は水道水のみを処理した。
12週間後に収穫を行い、イモの質量(全体及び20g以上のみを抽出した群)と、地上部の長さ及び質量、葉の長さを測った。(n=5)
結果を表5に示す。表5中、*は、t-検定法により5%水準で有意差があることを示す。
従って、イモ類の栽培では、一般式(I)で表される化合物によって、質量の増加に基づく収量の増加が期待できる。
コムギに対する増収効果
底石を敷いた1/2000aポットに、6kgの水稲苗培土を入れ、元肥として5-7-6(チッソ-リン-カリ)を4g加えた。十分に水を撒いた後、その3日後にポット当たりコムギ(いわいのだいち)10粒を播種した。
水を1週間に1度300ml与えて栽培し、発芽後2週間で成長の良い苗5本を残して間引きを行なった。
その後の2週間について、週に1度、AHX(5μM)処理、AHX(50μM)処理、AHX(1mM)処理、ICA(2μM)処理、コントロール(水のみ)処理をそれぞれ6個のポットについて行った。次いで、水のみを週に1度300ml与えて9週間栽培した後、水の量を週に1度500mlに変更してさらに12週間栽培した。尚、与える水の量を変更してから2週間後に穂肥として硫酸アンモニウムをポット当たり0.75g与えた。さらにAHX(1mM)処理ポットについては、穂肥を与えてから2週間AHX(1mM)を追加処理した。
栽培は2009年10月26日から2010年5月12日までの期間に実施した。栽培終了後、2週間乾燥を行い、コムギの総収量(g/5株)を測定した。結果を表6に示す。尚、表6中、*はt-検定法により5%水準で有意差があることを示す。
Claims (5)
- 前記主食作物が、穀物類又は芋類である請求項1記載の主食作物生産増収方法。
- 前記一般式(I)で表される化合物と、イネ科植物の栽培用植物体とを接触させて土耕栽培を行うことを含む請求項1又は請求項2記載の主食作物生産増収方法。
- 前記一般式(I)で表される化合物と、イネ科植物の栽培用植物体とを接触させて水耕栽培を行うことを含む請求項1又は請求項2記載の主食作物生産増収方法。
- 前記一般式(I)で表される化合物と、ナス科、ヒルガオ科、キク科、サトイモ科、ヤマノイモ科又はトウダイグサ科植物に属する芋類の栽培用地下茎又は根とを接触させて栽培を行うことを含む請求項1又は請求項2記載の主食作物生産増収方法。
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JP3577787B2 (ja) | 1995-06-23 | 2004-10-13 | 住友化学工業株式会社 | ジャガイモの増収方法 |
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CN103649092A (zh) * | 2011-04-27 | 2014-03-19 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | 咪唑衍生物 |
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JP5915982B2 (ja) * | 2011-04-27 | 2016-05-11 | 国立大学法人静岡大学 | イミダゾール誘導体 |
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