WO2011009392A1 - 语音呼叫回退到电路交换域的方法、装置及系统 - Google Patents
语音呼叫回退到电路交换域的方法、装置及系统 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
- H04W36/14—Reselecting a network or an air interface
- H04W36/142—Reselecting a network or an air interface over the same radio air interface technology
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
- H04W36/0005—Control or signalling for completing the hand-off
- H04W36/0011—Control or signalling for completing the hand-off for data sessions of end-to-end connection
- H04W36/0022—Control or signalling for completing the hand-off for data sessions of end-to-end connection for transferring data sessions between adjacent core network technologies
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
- H04W36/0005—Control or signalling for completing the hand-off
- H04W36/0011—Control or signalling for completing the hand-off for data sessions of end-to-end connection
- H04W36/0022—Control or signalling for completing the hand-off for data sessions of end-to-end connection for transferring data sessions between adjacent core network technologies
- H04W36/00224—Control or signalling for completing the hand-off for data sessions of end-to-end connection for transferring data sessions between adjacent core network technologies between packet switched [PS] and circuit switched [CS] network technologies, e.g. circuit switched fallback [CSFB]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
- H04W36/14—Reselecting a network or an air interface
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W68/00—User notification, e.g. alerting and paging, for incoming communication, change of service or the like
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W72/00—Local resource management
- H04W72/20—Control channels or signalling for resource management
- H04W72/23—Control channels or signalling for resource management in the downlink direction of a wireless link, i.e. towards a terminal
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W8/00—Network data management
- H04W8/26—Network addressing or numbering for mobility support
Definitions
- PS Packet Switching
- Packet Switching The services carried by the domain, including the data service and the session service.
- the session service can also be called the Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) service.
- VoIP Voice over Internet Protocol
- a user equipment (UE, User Equipment) is a multimode terminal, but for most UEs, the UE cannot simultaneously transmit and receive LTE signals and 2G/3G signals due to implementation complexity and cost considerations. It is applied to the following two scenarios: One scenario is that the UE performs data service in the LTE network or is in an idle state. At this time, the UE needs to initiate a CS voice call, and the UE's wireless module needs to be adjusted from LTE to 2G/3G, and then the UE is In the 2G/3G network, a voice call is initiated, which is called a UE-initiated call.
- Embodiments of the present invention provide a method, apparatus, and system for a voice call to fall back to a circuit switched domain, which can reduce the turn-on delay.
- a method for a voice call to fall back to a circuit switched domain comprising:
- the PS to CS handover response message includes CS resource information prepared by the target base station subsystem/radio network subsystem BSS/RNS, and sends a handover command to the calling UE through the ENB.
- the message, the handover command message includes the CS resource information prepared by the target BSS/RNS, so that the calling UE accesses the 2G/3G network.
- Another method for a voice call to fall back to a circuit switched domain comprising:
- the MME sends a handover command message to the calling UE through the ENB, and the handover command message includes CS resource information prepared by the target BSS/RNS, so that the calling UE accesses the 2G/3G network.
- Another method for a voice call to fall back to a circuit switched domain comprising:
- the handover request message includes information required for CS handover, selecting a mobile switching center MSC, and transmitting a PS to CS handover request message to the MSC, where the PS to CS handover request message includes CS Switching the required information, so that the MSC responds to the address side completion message with the calling side;
- the PS to CS handover response message includes CS resource information prepared by the target base station subsystem/radio network subsystem BSS/RNS, and sends a handover command to the called UE through the ENB.
- the message, the handover command message includes the CS resource information prepared by the target BSS/RNS, so that the called UE accesses the 2G/3G network.
- Another method for a voice call to fall back to a circuit switched domain comprising:
- the PS to CS handover request message Contains information needed for CS handover;
- the PS to CS handover response message includes CS resource information prepared by the target BSS/RNS, such that the MME sends a handover command message to the called UE through the ENB, and the handover command message
- the CS resource information prepared by the target BSS/RNS is included, so that the called UE accesses the 2G/3G network.
- a mobility management entity comprising:
- a first receiving unit configured to receive a service request message from a calling user terminal UE, where the service request message includes a voice call called number information of a circuit switched CS domain;
- a first sending unit configured to: when the first receiving unit receives a service request message from the autonomous UR, indicating that the evolved base station ENB initiates a circuit switched fallback CSFB switch;
- a second receiving unit configured to receive a handover request message from the ENB, where the handover request message includes information required for CS handover;
- a first selecting unit configured to: when the second receiving unit receives the handover request message from the ENB, select the mobile switching center MSC;
- a second sending unit configured to send a PS to CS handover request message to the MSC selected by the first selecting unit, where the handover request message includes information required by the CS handover and a called number, so that the MSC calls a third receiving unit, configured to receive a PS to CS handover response message returned by the MSC, where the PS to CS handover response message includes a CS resource prepared by a target base station subsystem/radio network subsystem BSS/RNS Information
- a third sending unit configured to send, by using the ENB, a handover command message to the calling UE, where the handover command message includes the CS resource information prepared by the target BSS/RNS, so that the calling UE accesses the 2G/3G network.
- Another mobility management entity the device includes:
- a fifth receiving unit configured to receive a circuit switched CS paging request message from the mobile switching center MSC, and a fifth sending unit, configured to: when the fifth unit receives the CS paging request message from the MSC, by using the evolved base station The ENB sends a CS paging request message to the called user terminal UE;
- a sixth receiving unit configured to receive a service request message from the called UE; a determining unit, configured to determine, when the sixth receiving unit receives the handover request message from the called UE, that the called UE accepts the call;
- a sixth sending unit configured to send a message to indicate that the ENB initiates a circuit switched fallback CSFB switch
- a seventh receiving unit configured to receive a handover request message from the ENB, where the handover request message includes information required for CS handover;
- a second selecting unit configured to select a mobile switching center when the seventh receiving unit receives the handover request message
- a seventh sending unit configured to send a PS to CS handover request message to the MSC selected by the second selecting unit, where the PS to CS handover request message includes information required for CS handover, so that the MSC sends the MSC to the calling side. Respond to the address completion message;
- an eighth receiving unit configured to receive a PS to CS handover response message returned by the MSC, where the PS to CS handover response message includes CS resource information prepared by the target base station subsystem/radio network subsystem BSS/RNS;
- an eighth sending unit configured to send, by the ENB, a handover command message to the called UR when the eighth receiving unit receives the PS to CS handover response message, where the handover command message includes the target BSS/RNS preparation
- the CS resource information is such that the calling UE accesses the 2G/3G network.
- Another mobility management entity the device includes:
- a tenth receiving unit configured to receive a PS handover request message from the ENB, where the PS handover request message includes information required for PS handover;
- a determining unit configured to determine, according to the information required by the PS handover, that the new MSC to be accessed by the called UE is different from the currently registered MSC;
- a tenth sending unit configured to: when the determining unit determines that the MSC that the called UE is currently to access is different from the currently registered MSC, send a location update message to the new MSC, so that the new MSC sends
- the home location register HLR sends a location update message, performs a location update procedure and a retry procedure.
- a mobile switching center comprising:
- An eleventh receiving unit configured to receive a PS to CS handover request message sent by the MME when receiving a handover request message triggered by the ENB to initiate a CSFB handover by the calling UE, and the PS is sent to the MME.
- the CS handover request message includes information required by the CS handover and the called number;
- An eleventh sending unit configured to send an initial address message according to the called number to call the called UE; a first resource information acquiring unit, configured to acquire CS resource information prepared by the target BSS/RNS according to information required for CS handover;
- a twelfth transmitting unit configured to return a PS to CS handover response message to the MME, and return the CS resource information acquired by the first resource information acquiring unit to the MME, so that the MME sends a handover to the calling UE by using the ENB.
- Command message, and the handover command message includes CS resource information prepared by the target BSS/RNS, so that the calling UE accesses the 2G/3G network.
- Another mobile switching center the device includes:
- a thirteenth receiving unit configured to receive an incoming call
- a fourteenth sending unit configured to: when the thirteenth receiving unit receives an incoming call, send an CS paging request message to the MME, so that the MME sends a CS paging message to the called UE;
- a fourteenth receiving unit configured to receive a PS to CS handover request message sent by the MME when receiving a handover request message triggered by the ENB to initiate a CSFB handover by the ENB from the ENB, where the PS is
- the CS handover request message includes information required for CS handover;
- a fifteenth sending unit configured to send an address completion message to the calling side according to the PS to CS handover request message, where the second resource information acquiring unit is configured to acquire the target BSS/RNS according to the information required for the CS handover.
- a 16th sending unit configured to return a PS to CS handover response message to the MME, and return the CS resource information acquired by the second resource information acquiring unit to the MME, so that the MME sends a handover to the called UE by using the ENB.
- Command message, and the handover command message includes CS resource information prepared by the target BSS/RNS, so that the called UE accesses the 2G/3G network.
- a communication system comprising: a mobility management entity MME, an evolved base station ENB, a mobile switching center MSC, and a towel:
- the MME is configured to receive a service request message from a calling user terminal UE, where the service request message includes a voice call called number information of a circuit switched CS domain, and send a message to the ENB to instruct the ENB to initiate a circuit switching fallback.
- the handover request message includes information required for CS handover, selecting an MSC, and transmitting a PS to CS handover request message to the MSC, in the PS to CS handover request message And including the information required by the CS handover and the called number; receiving a PS to CS handover response message returned by the MSC, where the PS to CS handover response message includes CS resource information prepared by the BSS/RNS, and the calling is performed by the ENB UE sends a handover command a message, the handover command message includes the CS resource information prepared by the target BSS/RNS, so that the calling UE accesses the 2G/3G network;
- the ENB is configured to receive a message that is sent by the MME to initiate a CSFB handover, and send a handover request message to the MME, where the handover request message includes information required for CS handover, and receives a handover command message sent by the MME.
- the calling UE forwards, and the handover command message includes CS resource information prepared by the target BSS/RNS, so that the calling UE accesses the 2G/3G network;
- the MSC is configured to receive a PS to CS handover request message from the MME, where the PS to CS handover request message includes information required by the CS handover and a called number, and sends an initial address message according to the called number to call
- the called UE acquires CS resource information prepared by the target BSS/RNS according to the information required for the CS handover, and returns a PS to CS handover response message to the MME, where the PS to CS handover response message includes the target BSS/RNS preparation.
- CS resource information is configured to receive a PS to CS handover request message from the MME, where the PS to CS handover request message includes information required by the CS handover and a called number, and sends an initial address message according to the called number to call
- the called UE acquires CS resource information prepared by the target BSS/RNS according to the information required for the CS handover, and returns a PS to CS handover response message to the MME, where the PS to CS handover response
- Another communication system comprising: a mobility management entity MME, an evolved base station ENB, a mobile switching center MSC, where:
- the MME when receiving the circuit switched CS paging request message of the MSC, sends a CS paging request message to the called user terminal UR through the evolved base station ENB; receives a service request message from the called UR, the service request message The voice call called number information is included in the circuit switched CS domain, and the ENB sends a message to the ENB to initiate a circuit switched fallback CSFB switch; receiving a handover request message from the ENB, where the handover request message includes a CS handover requirement And the MSC sends a PS to CS handover request message to the MSC, where the PS to CS handover request message includes information required for the CS handover, so that the MSC responds to the calling side with an address completion message; a PS to CS handover response message returned by the MSC, where the PS to CS handover response message includes CS resource information prepared by the BSS/RNS, and sends a handover command message to the called UE by using the ENB, where the handover command
- the ENB is configured to receive a message that is sent by the MME to initiate a CSFB handover, and send a handover request message to the MME, where the handover request message includes information required for CS handover, and receives a handover command message sent by the MME.
- the called UE is forwarded, and the handover command message includes CS resource information prepared by the target BSS/RNS, so that the called UE accesses the 2G/3G network.
- the MSC is configured to receive a PS to CS handover request message from the MME, where the PS to CS handover request message includes information required for the CS handover, and sends an address completion message to the calling side, according to the CS handover requirement.
- the information acquires CS resource information prepared by the target BSS/RNS, and returns a PS to CS handover response message to the MME, where the PS to CS handover response message includes CS resource information prepared by the target BSS/RNS.
- Another method for a voice call to fall back to a circuit switched domain includes: Receiving a first message from the user terminal UE, where the first message includes initial session protocol SIP context information of the UE;
- the handover request message includes information required for CS handover
- the PS to CS handover request message includes information and a required information for the CS handover.
- Said SIP context information of the UE so that the MSC establishes a bearer of the media gateway MGW to the serving gateway/packet data gateway SGW/PGW by using the SIP context information of the UE, and transmits SIP signaling and a media stream on the bearer;
- the PS to CS handover response message includes CS resource information prepared by the target base station subsystem/radio network subsystem BSS/RNS, and sends a handover command to the UE by using the ENB.
- the message, the handover command message includes the CS resource information prepared by the target BSS/RNS, so that the UE accesses the 2G/3G network.
- Another method for a voice call to fall back to a circuit switched domain includes:
- the MME sends a handover command message to the calling UE through the ENB, and the handover command message includes the CS resource information prepared by the target BSS/RNS, so that the UE accesses the 2G/3G network.
- Another mobility management entity including:
- a 17th receiving unit configured to receive a first message from the user terminal UE, where the first message includes initial session protocol SIP context information of the UE;
- An eighteenth receiving unit configured to receive a handover request message from the ENB, where the handover request message includes information required for CS handover;
- a ninth sending unit configured to send a PS to CS handover request message to the MSC, where the PS to CS handover request message includes information required by the CS handover and SIP context information of the UE, so as to facilitate the MSC to utilize
- the SIP context information of the UE establishes a bearer of the MGW to the SGW/PGW, and transmits the SIP signaling and the media stream on the bearer;
- a nineteenth receiving unit configured to receive a PS to CS handover response message returned by the MSC, where the PS to CS handover response message includes CS resource information prepared by the target base station subsystem/radio network subsystem BSS/RNS;
- a twentieth sending unit configured to send, by using the ENB, a handover command message to the UE, where the handover command message includes CS resource information prepared by the target BSS/RNS, so that the UE accesses the 2G/3G network.
- Another mobile switching center including:
- a 16th receiving unit configured to receive a PS to CS handover message sent by the MME when receiving a handover request message triggered by a CS indication by the UE that the ENB initiates the PS, the PS to CS handover request message Contains information required for CS handover and SIP context information of the UE;
- a bearer establishing unit configured to establish, by using the SIP context information of the UE, a bearer of the MGW to the SGW/PGW, so as to transmit the SIP signaling and the media stream on the bearer;
- an octave transmitting unit configured to acquire CS resource information prepared by the target BSS/RNS from the target BSS/RNS, and return a PS to CS handover response message to the MME, where the PS to CS handover response message includes the target
- the CS resource information prepared by the BSS/RNS is such that the MME sends a handover command message to the calling UE through the ENB, and the handover command message includes CS resource information prepared by the target BSS/RNS, so that the UE accesses 2G/3G network.
- Another communication system comprising: a mobility management entity MME, a mobile switching center MSC, wherein: the MMR is configured to receive a first message from the user terminal UR, where the first message includes an initial session protocol of the UR Receiving a handover request message from the ENB, where the handover request message includes information required for CS handover, and sends a PS to CS handover request message to the MSC, where the PS to CS handover request message includes the CS And switching the required information and the SIP context information of the UE; receiving a PS to CS handover response message returned by the MSC, where the PS to CS handover response message includes CS resource information prepared by the BSS/RNS, and The UE sends a handover command message, where the handover command message includes CS resource information prepared by the target BSS/RNS, so that the UE accesses the 2G/3G network;
- the MSC is configured to receive a PS to CS handover message that is sent by the MME when receiving a handover request message triggered by the UE indicating that the ENB initiates a CS handover by the ENB, where the PS to CS handover request message includes CS Switching the required information and the SIP context information of the UE; establishing the bearer of the MGW to the SGW/PGW by using the SIP context information of the UE, so as to transmit the SIP signaling and the media stream on the bearer; acquiring from the target BSS/RNS The CS resource information prepared by the target BSS/RNS, and returning a PS to CS handover response message to the MME, where the PS to CS handover response message includes CS resource information prepared by the target BSS/RNS.
- the calling UE side directly instructs the ENB to initiate a CSFB handover by receiving a service request message from the calling UE that includes the voice call called number information of the CS domain.
- the MSC Upon receiving the handover request message from the ENB, the MSC is selected and sends a PS to CS handover request message to the MSC, where the message includes information required by the CS handover and the called number, so that the MSC calls the called UE, and
- the UE Upon receiving the PS to CS handover response message, the UE sends a handover command message to the calling UE through the ENB, where the handover command message includes CS resource information prepared by the target BSS/RNS returned by the PS to CS handover response message, so that the The calling UE accesses the 2G/3G network. It can be seen that in this process, the UE access process is completed by the CS handover process, and the CS handover is performed in parallel with the CS core network call called process
- the UE when receiving the CS paging request message from the MSC, sending a CS paging request message to the called UE through the ENB; and when receiving the service request message from the called UE, determining the The UE is called to accept the call, instructing the ENB to initiate a CSFB handover, and upon receiving the handover request message from the ENB, selects the MSC and sends a PS to CS handover request message to the MSC, where the message includes information required for CS handover.
- the MSC to respond to the call on the calling side, and when receiving the PS to CS handover response message returned by the MSC, pass the CS resource information prepared by the target BSS/RNS included in the PS to CS handover response message to the ENB.
- the handover command message sent to the called UE is provided to the called UE, so that the called UE accesses the 2G/3G network.
- the access process of the UE is completed by the CS handover process, and the CS handover is performed in parallel with the CS core network processing, thereby reducing the delay and improving the user experience.
- the PS switch request message of the ENB is received, and the new MSC to be accessed by the called UF is determined according to the information required for the PS handover included in the PS handover request message.
- sending a location update message to the new MSC so that the new MSC sends a location update message to the HLR, performing a location update procedure and a retry process, since the determining that the called UE is going to
- the retry procedure performed when the accessed new MSC is different from the currently registered MSC is triggered when the PS handover request message sent by the ENB is received, that is, the retry process is executed in parallel with the PS handover procedure, so the delay can be reduced. , improve the user experience.
- the UE when the handover to the 2G/3G network is required, the UE reports its SIP context information, and the MME sends the SIP context information to the MSC, and the MSC can establish the bearer of the MGW to the SGW/PGW by using the SIP context of the UE. Therefore, the transmission path of the CS domain and the top S domain is opened, so that after accessing the 2G/3G network, the UE can directly use the MGW to the SGW/PGW bearer established by the MSC to transmit its data stream and SIP signaling, as opposed to The method of the existing call back to the CS domain can greatly reduce the delay and improve the user experience.
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart of a retry in a process of a UE receiving a call in a call scenario to fall back to the CS domain;
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart of attaching a UE according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart of a method for a voice call to fall back to a CS domain in Embodiment 2 of the present invention
- FIG. 7 is a flowchart of a method for a voice call to fall back to a CS domain in Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a flowchart of a method for a voice call to fall back to a CS domain in Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a flowchart of a method for a voice call to fall back to a CS domain in Embodiment 5 of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a flowchart of a method for a voice call to fall back to a CS domain in Embodiment 6 of the present invention.
- FIG. 11 is a flowchart of a method for a voice call to fall back to a CS domain in Embodiment 7 of the present invention.
- FIG. 12 is a flowchart of a method for a voice call to fall back to a CS domain in Embodiment 9 of the present invention.
- FIG. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of an MME in Embodiment 10 of the present invention.
- FIG. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of an MME according to Embodiment 11 of the present invention.
- Figure 15 is a schematic view showing the structure of an MMR in the twelfth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 16 is a schematic structural diagram of an MSC in Embodiment 13 of the present invention.
- FIG. 17 is a schematic structural view of an MSC in Embodiment 14 of the present invention.
- Embodiment 15 of the present invention is a schematic structural diagram of a communication system in Embodiment 15 of the present invention.
- Embodiment 16 of the present invention is a schematic structural diagram of a communication system in Embodiment 16 of the present invention.
- FIG. 21 is a flowchart of a method for a voice call to fall back to a CS domain in Embodiment 18 of the present invention.
- FIG. 22 is a flowchart of a method for a voice call to fall back to a CS domain in Embodiment 19 of the present invention.
- FIG. 23 is a flowchart of a method for a voice call to fall back to a CS domain in Embodiment 20 of the present invention.
- FIG. 25 is a schematic structural diagram of an MME according to Embodiment 22 of the present invention.
- 26 is a schematic structural diagram of an MSC according to Embodiment 22 of the present invention.
- FIG. 27 is a block diagram showing the structure of a communication system in the twenty-third embodiment of the present invention.
- two delays may be defined to represent the feelings of the calling user and the called user, respectively.
- the time when the calling user starts dialing the called number and hears the ring back tone can be called the calling time, and the feeling of the calling user. It is very important, the longer the time, the worse the caller feels.
- the time when the called user presses the answer button to hear the caller's voice can be called the called time. It is very important for the called party to use the wide feeling. The longer the time is, the worse the called experience is.
- the following describes the flow of a voice call back to the CS domain.
- MME Mobility Management Entity
- MSC Mobile Switching Center
- the following describes a method for a voice call to fall back to the CS domain in a call scenario initiated by the UE. Referring to FIG. 1, the steps shown by the dotted lines in the figure indicate optional steps. The specific steps are as follows:
- S 101 a The calling UE notifies the MME to initiate a CS call by using an extended service request message; SlOlb: wakes up E to indicate that the calling UE of the ENB wants to initiate a CS call;
- the ENB requires the calling UE to perform measurement on the 2G/3G network, where the calling UE performs measurement reporting.
- S103 The calling UE performs PS handover to a 2G/3G network to maintain continuity of PS data services.
- S104 The wireless module of the calling UE is tuned to the 2G/3G network, and initiates a CS service request message to the CS network.
- S105 Optionally, if the MSC that processes the call has changed, different from the attached UE. MSC, then the MSC returns a service request rejection message to the UE through the 2G/3G access network;
- the UE may re-initiate the location update process to attach to the changed MSC;
- S106 The calling UE starts to initiate a CS call
- S107 The calling UE completes a PS handover.
- the following describes a method for a UE to receive a call back to a CS domain in a call scenario. Referring to FIG. 2, the specific steps are as follows:
- S201a The MSC sends a paging request message to the MME, and the MME starts paging the terminal.
- S201b the called UE sends an extended service request message.
- S201c If the called UE rejects the call, the MME sends a CS paging reject message to the MSC. , the process ends;
- S301 The Gateway Mobile Switching Center (GMSC) sends a Routing Information Request message (SRI, Send Routing Information) to the Home Location Register (HLR).
- SRI Routing Information Request message
- HLR Home Location Register
- the HLR sends a Provide Roaming Number (PRN) request message to the called party.
- PRN Provide Roaming Number
- S303 The called back response message provides a roaming number
- S304 the HLR responds to the routing information request response message
- S305 The GMSC sends an Initial Address Message (IMM) to the called MSC;
- S306 The MSC starts paging the called UE;
- S307 Performs a CSFB called procedure; wherein, the called UE sends a service request message to the MME,
- the MME indicates that the ENB call is a CSFB call, the ENB may choose to require the called UE to perform measurement, the ENB initiates a PS handover, the called UE switches to the 2G/3G network, and the called UE sends a paging response message to the accessed MSC.
- the accessed MSC sends a reject message to the called UE, and the accessed MSC may be referred to as a new MSC;
- S308 The called UE sends a location update message to the new MSC.
- S309 The new MSC sends a location update message to the HLR.
- S310 The HLR sends a location cancel message to the original MSC; the original MSC stops paging and returns a response message to the HLR.
- S311 The HLR inserts subscription data into the new MSC.
- S312 The original MSC initiates a call (RCH, Resume Call Handling) notification;
- S313 The GMSC releases the call of the original MSC.
- S314 The GMSC re-initiates a routing information request message (SRI);
- S315 The HLR continues to complete the subscription data insertion;
- S316 The HLR returns a location update message to the new MSC.
- the HLR sends a Provide Roaming Number (PRN) request message to the new MSC, requesting the new MSC to provide a roaming number (PRN);
- PRN Provide Roaming Number
- S318 The new MSC provides a roaming number
- S319 The HLR returns a routing information request response message to the GMSC
- the GMSC sends an initial address message (IAM) to the new MSC;
- the new MSC returns a location update accept message to the UE, where the location update accept message includes a newly allocated Temporary Mobile Station Identity (TMSI, Temporary Mobile Station Identity);
- TMSI Temporary Mobile Station Identity
- S322 The UE returns a TMS I allocation confirmation message to the new MSC.
- S323 The UE returns a paging response message, and continues to perform the network and the UE to continue to perform the CS call setup procedure.
- the inventor of the present invention found that: In a CSFB call, the time required for the calling user to dial to the user to hear the ring back tone is mainly composed of the following time segments: Random access time in the LTE network (if the user is in the idle state, corresponding to step S10a, the UE needs to perform random access before sending the service request message to the MME), and the measurement time for the 2G/3G network (optional) Corresponding to step S102), PS switching time (corresponding to step S103), CS domain system message reading time (corresponding to step S104, accessing the CS domain needs to read the CS domain system message), location update time (corresponding to the calling MSC has changed)
- the scenario corresponds to step S105), the CS core network processing
- the called side on time is composed of the following time periods: paging time in the LTE network (if the user is in the idle state, corresponding to step S201a), random access in the LTE network Time (if the user is in the idle state, corresponding to step S201b), measurement time for the 2G/3G network (optional, corresponding to step S202), PS switching time (corresponding to step S203), CS domain system message read time ( Corresponding to step S204, the access CS domain needs to read the CS domain system message), the MSC retry time (corresponding to the called MSC has changed the scenario, corresponding to steps S301-S323), and the CS core network processing time (corresponding to step S206).
- Embodiment 1 and the specific process Referring to FIG. 4, the process flow of the MME when the UE is located on the calling user side and the calling user initiates a call is described. The specific steps are as follows:
- the MME receives the service request message from the calling user terminal UE, where the service request message includes the voice call called number information of the circuit switched CS domain.
- the service request message sent by the UE to the MME may include The called number field is used to carry the called number information.
- the MME instructs an evolved base station (ENB, Evolution-NodeB) to initiate a CSFB handover.
- ENB evolved base station
- CSFB Carrier Sense Multiple Access
- the MME receives the handover request message from the ENB, where the information of the CS is required to be switched in the handover request message.
- the information required for the CS handover includes a target identifier (ID, Identity), and the target ID may be:
- the network controller (RNC, Radio Network Control) ID may also be a cell ID. It will be understood that the meaning of the target ID is also applicable to other embodiments of the invention.
- the MME selects the MSC and sends a PS to the CS handover request message to the MSC, where the handover request message includes the information required by the CS handover and the called number, so that the MSC calls the called UE. If the MME has obtained the calling number from the HSS, the MME may insert the calling number into the message, or may be provided by the UE in step S401.
- the MME may select the MSC selected in the Attach phase, which may result in cross-MSC handover (Inter MSC handover); it may also select the corresponding MSC according to the target identifier, which does not cause Inter MSC handover, but the selected MSC must Send a location update message to the HSS.
- the MME receives a PS to CS handover response message returned by the MSC, where the PS to CS handover response message includes a CS resource prepared by a target base station subsystem/radio network subsystem (BSS/RNS, Base Station Subsystem/Radio Network Subsystem).
- BSS/RNS Base Station Subsystem/Radio Network Subsystem
- the MME sends a handover command message to the calling UE by using an ENB.
- the handover command message includes CS resource information prepared by the target BSS/RNS, so that the calling UE accesses the 2G/3G network. It can be seen that, when receiving the service request message of the calling UE, the MME directly instructs the ENB to initiate the CSFB handover according to the voice call called number information of the CS domain in the service request message, and receives the handover from the ENB.
- the MSC After requesting the message, the MSC is selected and sends a PS to CS handover request message to the MSC, where the message includes the information required by the CS handover and the called number, so that the MSC calls the called UE, and receives the return from the MSC.
- the PS to CS handover response message When the PS to CS handover response message is sent, the resource information prepared by the target BSS/RNS included in the PS to CS handover response message is provided to the calling UE through the ENB to the calling UE, so that the calling party The UE accesses the 2G/3G network. In this process, the UE access process is completed by the CS handover process, and the CS handover is performed in parallel with the CS core network processing.
- the process of the entire voice call being rolled back to the CS domain is performed by the following time period.
- Composition random access time in the LTE network (corresponding to step S401), MAX (CS switching time (corresponding to steps S402 to S406), CS core network processing time (corresponding to step S404)), where MAX indicates CS switching
- MAX indicates CS switching
- an Sv interface may be added between the MME and the MSC in the network, so that the MME directly sends a PS to CS handover request message to the MSC, and the PS to CS handover request message includes the CS handover required.
- the information can facilitate the CS handover and the CS core network processing flow simultaneously, reducing the delay.
- the MME may carry the call as an enhanced CSFB call in the message sent to the ENB to instruct the ENB to initiate a CSFB handover.
- all devices in the entire network support the enhanced CSFB in the embodiment of the present invention, and only some devices support the enhanced CSFB.
- the MME needs to determine the device that supports the enhanced CSFB.
- the MME can obtain and determine which devices support the CSFB through multiple ways. For example, the MME can obtain whether the UE supports the enhanced CSFB during the UE attach process. Referring to FIG. 5, the specific steps are as follows: S501: The UE sends an attach request message (Attach Request) to the MME, where the attach request message includes indication information about whether the UE supports the enhanced CSFB.
- Attach Request an attach request message
- the MME receives the attach request message and makes a determination according to whether the enhanced CSFB indication information is supported in the message.
- S502 an attach procedure in an LTE network
- VLR visitor location register
- Visitor Locat Visitor Locat
- S504 The MME sends a location update message to the MSC/VLR on behalf of the UE.
- S505 The MSC establishes an SGs interface.
- S506 The MSC completes the location update process of the CS domain.
- S507 The MSC returns a location update response message to the MME.
- S508 The MME sends an attach request accept message to the UE.
- the UE may also carry information in the other message sent to the MME, such as the location update message, to indicate whether the UE supports the enhanced CSFB.
- the MME may determine, by other means, whether the UE supports the enhanced CSFB. For example, all UEs supporting the CSFB support the enhanced CSFB by default, or the UE carries other preset parameters in the extended service request message (for example, The called number) to determine that the UE supports enhanced CSFB.
- the MME may, during the establishment of the SI interface, receive the indication information of whether the enhanced CSFB is supported by the S1 interface setup request message (S1 Setup Request) from the ENB, or determine whether the ENB supports the enhanced CSFB through other means. For example, you can obtain information about whether the ENB supports CSFB through the background configuration.
- S1 interface setup request message S1 Setup Request
- Embodiment 2 Referring to FIG. 6, the processing procedure of the MSC when the UE is located on the calling user side and the calling user initiates the call is described. The specific steps are as follows:
- the MSC receives a PS to CS handover message that is sent by the MME when receiving a handover request message triggered by the ENB to initiate a CSFB handover by the calling UE, and the PS to CS handover request message is included in the message.
- the CS needs to exchange the information and the called number; S602: The MSC sends an initial address message according to the called number to call the called UE, and acquires the CS resource information prepared by the target BSS/RNS from the target BSS/RNS, and The MME returns a PS to CS handover response message, where the PS to CS handover response message includes CS resource information prepared by the target BSS/RNS, so that the MME sends a handover command message to the calling UE through the ENB, and the handover The command message includes CS resource information prepared by the target BSS/RNS, so that the calling UE accesses the 2G/3G network.
- the calling UE may consider that the called UE has gone off-hook or considers that the called UE has picked up the phone after the set timer arrives. It is also possible to know that the called UE has picked up the phone when receiving the message from the network side that the called UE is off-hook to enter the call.
- the specific steps are as follows:
- the MSC After receiving the address completion message returned by the called side and the handover complete message sent by the calling UE, the MSC notifies the calling UE to start ringing; then, after receiving the off-hook response message from the called side, the MSC sends the message to the called side.
- the calling UE sends a notification message to notify the called UE to go off-hook to enter the call.
- the MSC may receive an address completion message returned by the called side MSC or the GMSC.
- the called side MSC or GMSC may return an off-hook response message to the MSC.
- the MSC may send an initial address message to the called UE, and the target BSS/RNS.
- the CS resource information prepared by the target BSS/RNS is returned to the MME for parallel execution through the PS to CS handover response message, that is, the CS core network and the CS handover process are executed in parallel, so that the delay can be reduced and the user experience can be improved.
- the following describes the method for the voice call to fall back to the CS domain in the process of the UE initiating a call as the calling party in the embodiment of the present invention.
- the third embodiment is as follows:
- the UE is used as the calling UE, and the 2G/3G network supports the PS handover.
- the procedure for the voice call to fall back to the CS domain in the process of the UE initiating the call is described. Referring to FIG. 7, the specific steps are as follows:
- S701a The user wants to initiate a CS voice call, the calling UE is attached to the LTE network, in an idle state or an active state, and the UE sends an extended service request message to the MME, where the extended service request message includes the voice call called number of the CS domain. information;
- S701b MME indicates that the call described by ENB is 'an enhanced CSFB call
- the MME needs to confirm whether the enhanced CSFB process needs to be initiated. First, it is determined whether the calling UE is to initiate a CS voice call, and the extended service request message may carry the service type information to be initiated, where the specific service type may be voice. Call, short message or supplementary service. It is also necessary to determine whether an enhanced CSFB call 4 can be initiated, mainly based on whether the UE and ENB support enhanced CSFB. If the call is a CS voice call and carries the called number and both the calling UE and the ENB support the enhanced CSFB, the MME instructs the ENB to call the enhanced CSFB call.
- the ENB triggers the measurement; the ENB can send a message to indicate that the calling UE measures the signal quality of the 2G/3G network, and the calling UE performs the measurement reporting, if the ENB confirms that the reported signal quality of the 2G/3G network meets the pre- The signal quality requirement is set, and step S703 is performed.
- the ENB sends a handover request message to the MME, and the ENB carries the information required for the PS handover and the information required for the CS handover in the handover request message according to the indication information of the enhanced CSFB call in the step S60 lb; wherein, the ENB can
- the PS transparent container and the CS transparent container are respectively configured to carry information required for the PS handover and information required for CS handover.
- the information required for the PS handover and the information required by the CS in the transparent container and the CS transparent container are respectively in accordance with the existing 2G/3G network specifications, and are generally corresponding to the target ID and the CS handover corresponding to the PS handover.
- the target ID, ENB can guarantee the same.
- the MME selects an MSC, and the MME sends a PS to CS handover request message to the MSC, where the PS to CS handover request message includes a calling number, a called number, and information required for CS handover.
- the required information can be encapsulated in a CS transparent container.
- the calling number may be transmitted by the calling UE to the MME in step S701a. If the calling UE does not transmit the calling number, the MME may determine the calling number according to the UE number saved by itself, because the MME can be from the home subscriber server (HSS) , Home Subscriber Server) Get the number of the calling UE.
- HSS home subscriber server
- the MSC selected by the MME is an upgraded MSC capable of supporting enhanced CSFB. If only a part of the MSC is upgraded in the network, the MME must select an MSC capable of supporting enhanced CSFB, so the MME does not guarantee the location area of the selected MSC and the target cell. (LA, Local Area) The corresponding MSC is inconsistent, which will result in cross-MSC handover (Inter MSC handover), which is described in the following procedure. If all the MSCs in the network are upgraded to support the enhanced CSFB, the MME may select the corresponding MSC according to the LA of the target cell. This situation does not cause the Inter MSC to switch.
- LA Local Area
- the MME initiates a PS to CS handover request message to the MSC, carrying The calling number, the called number, and the CS transparent container carrying the information required for CS handover. Regardless of whether the MSC has registration information of the calling UE, the MSC performs a CSFB call for the calling UE.
- S705 The MSC calls the called number, and if it needs to be out, sends an initial address message (IAM, Initial Address)
- Interoffice can use Session Initiation Protocol with Encapsulated I SIP (SIP-I, Session Initiation Protocol with Encapsulated I SUP) message or Integrated Services Digital Network User Part (ISUP) , Integrated Services Digital Network User Part ) message.
- SIP-I Session Initiation Protocol with Encapsulated I SUP
- ISUP Integrated Services Digital Network User Part
- S706 If the MSC determines that the target MSC is not itself (determined according to the target ID), performs an Inter MSC handover, and the target MSC commands the target BSS/RNS to prepare the CS resource. If the MSC determines that the target MSC is itself, then the MSC sends a handover request message to the target BSS/RNS, and the target BSS/RNS prepares the CS resources. It can be understood that steps S705 and S706 have no strict chronological order.
- the target MSC After the Inter MSC handover is complete, the target MSC returns a PS to CS handover complete message to the MME, where the message includes the CS resource information prepared by the target BSS/RNS.
- the CS resource information prepared by the target BSS/RNS may be Including: CS voice service air interface dedicated channel and system messages, etc., can be encapsulated in the CS transparent container to follow the existing 2G/3G network CS domain specification.
- the MME sends a handover request message to the SGSN, where the handover request message includes information required for PS handover.
- the PS transparent container may be used to carry information required for the PS handover, such as a target ID required for PS handover; wherein, steps S708 and S704 may be performed simultaneously.
- the SGSN sends a handover request message to the target BSS/RNS, and the target BSS/RNS returns the prepared PS resource information.
- S710 The SGSN returns a handover response message to the MME, where the handover response message includes the PS resource information prepared by the target BSS/RNS.
- the PS resource information prepared by the target BSS/RNS may include: a PS service air interface channel and system. Messages, etc., and can be encapsulated in PS transparent containers, following the existing 2G/3G network CS domain specification.
- S711 After the messages of steps S707 and S710 are received, the MME combines the two messages, and the PS resource information is
- the CS resource information is merged, and the MME sends a handover command message to the ENB, where the handover command message includes the merged resource information.
- the PS to CS handover complete message includes the CS resource information prepared by the target BSS/RNS (mainly including the CS voice service air interface dedicated channel and system message, etc., encapsulated in a CS transparent container, and follows the existing 2G. /3G network CS domain specification) and the handover request response message includes PS resource information (mainly including PS service air interface channel and system message, etc., encapsulated in a PS transparent container, and follows the existing 2G/3G network CS domain specification)
- the CS transparent container is merged with the PS transparent container, which is called a merged transparent container, and carries the resources prepared by the target BSS/RNS.
- the RNB sends a handover command message to the calling UR, where the handover command message includes resource information prepared by the target BSS/RNS.
- the calling UE accesses the 2G/3G network, sends a handover complete message to the target BSS/RNS, and the target BSS/RNS sends a handover complete message to the target MSC, and the target MSC sends a handover complete message to the original MSC.
- the original MSC After receiving the address completion message (ACM, Address Complete), the original MSC sends an ACM message to the target MSC, and the target MSC sends a called ringing message (Alert ing) to the calling UE, and the user starts to hear the ring back tone. Or the original MSC does not send an ACM message to the target MSC, and the target MSC does not send a ringing message to the calling UE.
- the calling state of the calling UE is processed by the calling UE itself, and the calling UE can complete the handover (or set After the timer expires, the called UE is turned on and off-hook, and does not affect the user's ringback tone and call.
- the MSC sends a ringing message directly to the calling UE.
- S715 After receiving the called response ( ⁇ , Answer Message) message, the original MSC sends an ANM message to the target MSC, and the target MSC sends a called off-hook message (Connect) to the UE, and the primary and the called UE enters the call. It can also be implemented in the following manner: The original MSC does not send an A message to the target MSC, and the target MSC does not send a Connect message to the calling UE. The calling state of the calling UE is handled by the calling UE itself, and the calling UE can be switched.
- the MSC After completion (or set a timer, after the timer expires), it is considered that the called UE has been connected and off-hook, and will not affect the calling user's ringback tone and call. If the Inter MSC handover does not occur, the MSC sends a Connect message directly to the calling UE.
- the calling-on time is mainly composed of the following time periods: random access time in the LTE network (if the user is in the idle state, corresponding to step S701a), and the measurement time of the 2G/3G network (Optional, corresponding to step S702), MAX (PS switching time (corresponding to steps S708 to S710), CS switching time (corresponding to steps S704, S706 to S707), CS core network processing time (corresponding to step S705) and Referring to the on-time of the side (corresponding to steps S714 to S715), it can be seen that, compared with the call-on time in the CSFB technical solution shown in FIG.
- the MAX in this embodiment replaces the corresponding scheme of FIG.
- Embodiment 4 The UE is the calling UE, and the 2G/3G network does not support the PS handover. After the UE accesses the 2G/3G network, the UE sends a PS service suspension message to the SGSN, the SGSN notifies the wakeup E, and wakes up the E to notify the service gateway ( SGW, Serving-Gateway) Update the bearer. Among them, the suspending process is an existing process. Referring to Figure 8, the specific steps are as follows:
- step S802 same as step S702;
- the ENB sends a handover request message to the MME, and the ENB carries the information required for the CS handover in the handover request message according to the indication information in the step S80 lb that the call is an enhanced CSFB call; wherein the ENB constructs a CS transparent container, The information required for the CS handover is carried by ten.
- the information required for the CS encapsulated in the CS transparent container follows the existing 2G/3G network specifications, including the target ID.
- the MME selects an MSC, and the MME sends a PS to CS handover request message to the MSC, where the PS to CS handover request message includes a calling number, a called number, and information required for CS handover.
- the information required for the CS handover may be encapsulated in a CS transparent container.
- the calling number may be transmitted by the calling UE to the MME in step S801a. If the calling UE does not transmit the calling number, the MME may determine the calling number according to the UE number saved by itself, because the MME can obtain the calling UE from the HSS. Number.
- the MSC selected by the MME is an upgraded MSC capable of supporting enhanced CSFB. If only a part of the MSC is upgraded in the network, the MME must select an MSC capable of supporting the enhanced CSFB, so the MME does not guarantee that the selected MSC corresponds to the LA of the target cell.
- the MSC causes an inconsistency that will result in an Inter MSC handover, as described in the following procedure. If all the MSCs in the network are upgraded to support the enhanced CSFB, the MME may select the corresponding MSC according to the LA of the target cell. This situation does not cause the Inter MSC to switch.
- the MME initiates a PS to CS handover request message to the MSC, carrying The calling number, the called number, and the CS transparent container carrying the information required for CS handover. Regardless of whether the MSC has registration information for the UE, the MSC makes a CSFB call for the user.
- S805 The MSC calls the called number. If an outgoing call is required, an initial address message (IAM, Initial Address Message) or an invite message (INVITE) is sent; and an inter-office may use an S1P-1 message or a 1SUP message.
- IAM Initial Address Message
- ISVITE invite message
- step S806 If the MSC determines that the target MSC is not itself (determined according to the target ID), performs an Inter MSC handover, and the target MSC commands the target BSS/RNS to prepare the CS resource. If the MSC determines that the target MSC is itself, then the MSC sends a handover request message to the target BSS/RNS, and the target BSS/RNS prepares the CS resources. It can be understood that steps S805 and S806 have no strict chronological order.
- the MSC After the handover is completed, the MSC returns a PS to CS handover complete message to the MME, where the handover complete message includes the CS resource information prepared by the target BSS/RNS.
- the CS resource information prepared by the target BSS/RNS may include : CS voice service air interface dedicated channel and system messages, etc., can be encapsulated in the CS transparent container to comply with the existing 2G/3G network CS domain specification.
- S808 The MME sends a handover command to the ENB, where the handover command includes CS resource information prepared by the target BSS/RNS.
- the PS to CS handover complete message includes CS resource information prepared by the target BSS/RNS ( It mainly includes the CS voice service air interface dedicated channel and system messages, etc., which are encapsulated in the CS transparent container and follow the existing 2G/3G network CS domain specification).
- S809 The ENB sends a handover command message to the calling UE, where the handover command message includes CS resource information prepared by the target BSS/RNS.
- S810 The calling UE accesses the 2G/3G network, and sends a service suspension request message to the SGSN through the target BSS/RNS.
- S811 The SGSN sends a service suspension message to the MME.
- S812 The MME notifies the SGW to update the bearer.
- the calling UE sends a handover complete message to the target BSS/RNS, and the target BSS/RNS sends a handover complete message to the target MSC, and the target MSC sends a handover complete message to the original MSC.
- the original MSC After receiving the address completion message (ACM, Address Complete), the original MSC sends an ACM message to the target MSC, and the target MSC sends a called ringing message (Alerting) to the calling UE, and the user starts to hear the ring back tone. Or the original MSC does not send an ACM message to the target MSC, and the target MSC does not send a ringing message to the calling UE.
- the calling state of the calling UE is processed by the calling UE itself, and the calling UE may set a timing after the handover is completed. After the timer expires, it is considered that the called UE has been connected and off-hook, and will not affect the user's ringback tone and call. If the Inter MSC handover does not occur, the MSC sends a ringing message directly to the calling UE.
- the call-on time in this embodiment mainly consists of the following time periods: random access time in the LTE network (if the user is in the idle state, corresponding to step S801a), measurement time for the 2G/3G network (Optional, corresponding to step S802), MAX (CS switching time (corresponding to step S8 (M, S806 ⁇ S807), CS core network processing time (corresponding to step S805)), service suspension time (corresponding to step S81 (TS812) And the on-time of the called side (corresponding to steps S814-S815), it can be seen that compared with the call-on time in the CSFB technical scheme shown in FIG.
- the MAX replacement map in this embodiment 1 shows the PS handover time, the CS domain system message read time, the location update time (corresponding to the scenario where the calling MSC has changed) and the CS core network processing time in the CSFB technical solution, and the CS handover and CS in this embodiment
- the core network processing is performed in parallel, rather than serially in the CSFB technology scheme shown in Figure 1, so the MAX duration depends only on the longest time between the two, and therefore, the CSFB technology scheme shown in Figure 1.
- UE in the main call Compared with the method for the voice call to be retired to the CS domain in the scenario of the call, the delay can be reduced to improve the user experience.
- Embodiment 5 The specific process refers to FIG.
- S902 The MME receives the service request message from the called UE, determines that the called UE accepts the call, and instructs the ENB to initiate a CSFB handover.
- S903 The MME receives a handover request message from the ENB, where the handover request message includes a CS handover.
- Required information In a specific implementation, the information required for the CS handover may include a target ID.
- S904 The MME selects the MSC and sends a PS to CS handover request message to the MSC, where the message includes the information required for the CS handover, and the MSC sends an address completion message (ACM, Address Complete Message) to the calling MSC;
- S905 Receiving, by the MME, a PS to CS handover response message returned by the MSC, where the PS to CS handover response message includes CS resource information prepared by the target BSS/RNS;
- the MME sends a handover command message to the called UE by using the ENB, where the handover command message includes the CS resource information prepared by the target BSS/RNS, so that the calling UE accesses the 2G/3G network.
- the MME when receiving the CS paging request message from the MSC, the MME sends a CS paging request message to the called UE through the ENB; and when receiving the service request message from the called UE, determining The called UE accepts the call, instructs the ENB to initiate a CSFB handover, and upon receiving the handover request message from the ENB, selects the MSC and sends a PS to CS handover request message to the MSC, where the message includes the CS handover.
- the required information causes the MSC to send an address completion message to the calling side MSC.
- the resource information prepared by the target BSS/RNS included in the PS to CS handover response message is provided to the called party through the ENB to the called UE.
- the UE is configured to access the called UE to the 2G/3G network.
- the CS handover is performed in parallel with the CS core network processing, thereby reducing the delay and improving the user experience.
- an Sv interface may be added between the MME and the MSC in the network, so that the MME directly sends a PS to CS handover request message to the MSC, and the PS to CS handover request message includes the CS handover required.
- the MME may carry the call as an enhanced CSFB call in the message sent to the ENB to instruct the ENB to initiate a CSFB handover.
- the MME needs to be
- the MME can obtain and determine which devices support the CSFB in various ways. For details, refer to the attaching process described in Embodiment 1 and FIG. 5, and details are not described herein.
- Embodiment 6 Referring to FIG.
- the UE is a called UE, and the processing flow of the MSC when the called UE receives the paging is described.
- the specific steps are as follows: S 1001: After receiving the incoming call, the MSC sends a CS paging to the awake E. The request message causes the wakeup E to send a CS paging message to the called UE;
- S1002 The MSC receives a PS to CS handover request message sent by the mobility management entity MME when receiving a handover request message triggered by the ENB to initiate a CSFB handover by the ENB from the ENB, where the PS The CS handover request message includes information required for CS handover;
- S1003 the MSC sends an address completion message to the calling side according to the PS to CS handover request message, and acquires the target base station subsystem/radio network subsystem BSS/RNS.
- the ENB sends a handover command message to the called UE, and the handover command message includes the CS resource information prepared by the target BSS/RNS, so that the called UE accesses the 2G/3G network.
- the MSC receives the handover complete message sent by the called UE, it may send a notification message to the calling party to notify the called party to go off-hook.
- the MSC when receiving the incoming call, the MSC sends an CS paging request message to the MME, and sends an address completion message to the calling side MSC when receiving the PS to CS handover request message sent by the MME. And carrying the resource information prepared by the target BSS/RNS in the PS to CS handover response message returned to the MME, and sending a notification message to the calling side to notify the called party to go off-hook when receiving the handover complete message sent by the called UE.
- the CS handover is performed in parallel with the CS core network processing, thereby reducing the delay and improving the user experience.
- Embodiment 7 The UE is the called UE, and the 2G/3G network supports the PS handover.
- the process of the voice call falling back to the CS domain in the process of receiving the call by the UE is described. Referring to FIG. 11, the specific steps are as follows:
- the MSC After receiving the incoming call, the MSC sends a CS paging request message (CS Paging) to the MME. If the called party is in the active state, the MME directly sends a CS paging message to the called UE, which may include the calling number. . If When the call is in the idle state, the MME sends a paging message to the ENB, indicating that the page is a CS page, and the ENB pages the called UE on the air interface, and indicates that this is a CS page;
- CS Paging CS paging request message
- SllOlb The called UE sends an extended service request message to the MME. If the calling number has been obtained in step S110a, the indication information indicates whether the called UE accepts the call. If the called UE does not obtain the calling number in the step S110a, the called UE may carry the indication information in the message, indicating that the called UE wants to obtain the calling number (the indication is optional), and the MME passes the non-access stratum message ( The CS Service Notification message in the NAS, Non-Access-Stratum) sends the calling number to the called UE, and the called UE determines whether to accept the call and resends the extended service in the NAS message.
- Request Service Extended Service Request indicates whether the MME accepts the call; SllOlc: If the called UE rejects the call, then ⁇ E sends a reject message to the MSC, and the call ends;
- S1102 optional, ENB trigger measurement
- the ENB may require the called UE to measure the signal quality of the 2G/3G network, and the called UE performs measurement reporting. If the ENB confirms that the signal quality of the reported 2G/3G network meets the preset signal quality requirement, step S1103 is performed.
- S1103 The ENB initiates a handover request message to the MME, and the ENB carries the information required for the PS handover and the information required for the CS handover in the handover request message according to the indication information that the call is the enhanced CSFB call in the step S901d;
- the ENB can respectively construct a PS transparent container and a CS transparent container, which are respectively used to carry information required for the PS handover and information required for CS handover.
- the information required for the PS handover and the information required by the CS in the transparent container and the CS transparent container are respectively in accordance with the existing 2G/3G network specifications, and are generally corresponding to the target ID and the CS handover corresponding to the PS handover.
- the target ID, ENB can guarantee the same.
- the MME selects an MSC, and the MME sends a PS to CS handover request message to the MSC, where the PS to CS handover request message includes information required for CS handover.
- the information required for CS handover may be encapsulated in CS transparent. In the container.
- the MSC selected by the MME is an upgraded MSC capable of supporting enhanced CSFB. If only some MSCs in the network are upgraded, the MME must select an MSC that can support enhanced CSFB, so ⁇ E does not guarantee that the selected MSC corresponds to the LA of the target cell. If the MSC fails, the MSC will trigger the Inter MSC handover procedure. The specific process is described below. If all the MSCs in the network are upgraded to support the enhanced CSFB, the MME may select the corresponding MSC according to the LA of the target cell. This situation does not cause the Inter MSC to switch, and the MME sends a PS to CS handover request message to the MSC. The message carries a CS transparent container that carries the information needed for CS handover.
- S 1105 If it is an interoffice call, the MSC sends an address complete message (ACM, Address Complete); S 1106: If the MSC determines that the target MSC is not itself (determined according to the target ID), then performs Inter MSC handover, and the target MSC commands the target BSS/ The RNS prepares CS resources. If the MSC determines that the target MSC is itself, then the MSC sends a handover request message to the target BSS/RNS, and the target BSS/RNS prepares the CS resources. It can be understood that steps S 1105 and S1106 do not have a strict chronological order.
- ACM Address Complete
- the MSC After the handover is completed, the MSC returns a PS to the CS handover complete message to the MME, where the message includes the CS resource information prepared by the target BSS/RNS.
- the CS resource information prepared by the target BSS/RNS may include : CS voice service air interface dedicated channel and system messages, etc., can be encapsulated in the CS transparent container to comply with the existing 2G/3G network CS domain specification.
- the MME sends a handover request message to the SGSN, where the handover request message includes information required for PS handover.
- the PS transparent container may be used to carry information required for the PS handover, such as a target ID required for PS handover.
- steps S 1108 and S 1104 can be performed simultaneously.
- the SGSN sends a handover request message to the target BSS/RNS, and the target BSS/RNS returns the prepared PS resource information.
- the SGSN returns a handover response message to the MME, where the handover response message includes the PS resource information prepared by the target BSS/RNS.
- the PS resource information prepared by the target BSS/RNS may include: a PS service air interface channel and System messages, etc., and can be encapsulated in PS transparent containers, following the existing 2G/3G network PS domain specification.
- the MME After the messages of the steps S1107 and S1110 are received, the MME combines the two messages, and combines the PS resource information and the CS resource information, and the MME sends a handover command message to the ENB, where the handover command message includes the merged message.
- the PS to CS handover complete message includes the CS resource information prepared by the target BSS/RNS (mainly including the CS voice service air interface dedicated channel and system message, etc., and is encapsulated in a CS transparent container, and is followed.
- the network CS domain specification and the handover request response message include PS resource information (mainly including the PS service air interface channel and system message, etc., which are encapsulated in a PS transparent container and follow the existing 2G/3G network CS domain specification), and
- PS resource information mainly including the PS service air interface channel and system message, etc., which are encapsulated in a PS transparent container and follow the existing 2G/3G network CS domain specification
- the CS transparent container is merged with the PS transparent container, which is called a merged transparent container, and carries the resources prepared by the target BSS/RNS.
- the ENB sends a handover command message to the called UE, where the handover command message includes resource information of the target BSS/RNS preparation;
- the UE accesses the 2G/3G network, sends a handover complete message to the target BSS/RNS, and the target BSS/RNS sends a handover complete message to the target MSC, and the target MSC sends a handover complete message to the original MSC.
- the selected MSC sends a called response message (ANM) after receiving the handover complete message.
- the called on time is mainly composed of the following time periods: random paging time in the LTE network (if the user is in the idle state, corresponding to the step S l l10a ), in the LTE network Random access time (if the user is in the idle state, corresponding to the step S l lOlb ), the measurement time for the 2G/3G network (optional, corresponding to step S 1102 ), MAX (PS switching time (corresponding to step S 1109 ⁇ ) S 1110 ), CS switching time (corresponding to step S 1104 , S 1106 ⁇ S 1107 ), CS core network processing time (corresponding to step S 1105 )), it can be seen that the called in the CSFB technical solution of FIG.
- the MAX in this embodiment replaces the PS handover time, the CS domain system message read time, and the MSC retry time in the CSFB technical solution shown in FIG. 2 (corresponding to the changed MSC of the called MSC).
- Scenario CS core network processing time, and in this embodiment, CS switching, PS switching, and CS core network processing are performed in parallel, instead of being serially performed in the CSFB technical scheme shown in FIG. 2, so the MAX duration Only depends on the three Long, so CSFB aspect shown in FIG. 2 for the UE voice call fallback to CS domain call method of receiving a paging the called scene can be reduced compared delay and improving the user experience.
- Embodiment 8 The UE is the called UE, and the 2G/3G network does not support the PS handover.
- the process of receiving the paging by the called UE can be referred to the S1101a ⁇ S1101d in the seventh embodiment.
- the 2G/3G network does not support the PS handover.
- the UE accesses the 2G/3G network.
- the UE retreats to the voice call in the scenario in which the called party receives the call. Compared with the CS domain method, the delay can be reduced and the user experience can be improved.
- the following process is applicable not only to the process of the voice call falling back to the circuit switched domain in the embodiment of the present invention, but also to the CSFB process in the prior art:
- the MME When receiving the CS paging request message from the MSC, the MME sends a CS paging request message to the called UE through the ENB; the MME receives the service request message from the called UE, and sends a CS service indication message to the called UE.
- the MME receives the service request message from the called UE, and the service request message includes indication information of whether to accept the call; if the called UE accepts the call, the MME If the ENB is instructed to initiate a CSFB handover or the CSFB technical solution corresponding to FIG. 2 indicates that the called UE is to initiate a CSFB call, the subsequent CSFB process in the CSFB technical solution shown in FIG. 2 may be continued, and details are not described herein. In the CSFB technical solution shown in FIG.
- the MSC handling the call changes, the MSC that is attached to the UR, the MSC will return a reject message to the UR, so that the UR is re-initiated.
- the location is updated to be attached to the MSC.
- the process is the retry (Roaming Retry) process.
- the CSFB process is executed first. After the PS handover is completed, the UE sends a location update message to trigger the heavy load.
- the retry process may be performed in parallel while the PS is switched, so that the time for the voice call to fall back to the CS domain may be shortened, and the MME receives the PS handover request message from the ENB, and according to the The information required by the PS handover included in the PS handover request message determines that the new MSC to be accessed by the called UE is different from the currently registered MSC, and sends a setup request message to the new MSC, so that the new MSC
- the HLR sends a location update message to perform a location update process.
- Embodiment 9 Referring to FIG. 12, the specific steps are as follows:
- the GMSC sends a routing information request message (SRI, Send Routing Information) to the HLR;
- SRI Send Routing Information
- S1202 The HLR sends a Provide Roaming Number (PRN) request message to the called MSC;
- PRN Provide Roaming Number
- the HLR responds to the routing information request response
- S1205 The GMSC sends an Initial Address Message (IMM) to the MSC of the called UE; S1206: The MSC starts paging the called UE; S1207: The called UE sends an extended service request message to the MME; S1208, ENB Direction The MME sends a handover request message to initiate a PS handover procedure.
- the ENB command is called to perform measurement, and the called UE reports the measurement report.
- S1209a The MME determines that the MSC to be accessed by the called UE is different from the MSC that is currently registered, and initiates establishment of the SGs interface to the new MSC. The MME may determine whether the MSC has changed according to the target ID of the PS handover.
- the MME may initiate a location update message instead of the UE to establish a new SGs port.
- the criterion judged by the MME may be: determining whether the corresponding MSC is associated with the registered MSC from the PS related information of the target BSS/RNS in the PS handover message, such as the BSS/RNS ID.
- the new MSC responds to the location update response message, assigning a new TMSI and a Local Area Identity (LAI). If the PS handover has not been completed at this time (the MME has not sent the handover command message to the ENB, or the MME does not send the handover command to the ENB before), the MME sends the new LAI and TMSI information to the UE through the NAS message. By extending the Global Unique Temporary Identity Reallocation (UGTI) message or defining a new message implementation. The MME may also choose not to send this information to the UE.
- UGTI Global Unique Temporary Identity Reallocation
- Step S1209b may be executed immediately after step S1209a, or may be performed after step S1217. In order to increase the access speed, it can be executed after step S1209a.
- Step S121 (TS1221 is the same as the steps in the CSFB technical solution shown in FIG. 3, and details are not described herein.
- S1223 In order to establish a NAS connection with the MSC, the UR should actively send a paging response message or a service request message or a location update message, including: 1MSI or TMSI. If the currently attached cell LAI does not match the registered LAI, IMSI is used, and if they are consistent, TMSI is used.
- the MME 1300 includes: a first receiving unit 1301, configured to receive a service request message from a calling UE, The service request message includes the voice call called number information of the CS domain;
- the first sending unit 1302 is configured to: when the first receiving unit 1301 receives the service request message of the incoming UE, instruct the ENB to initiate the CSFB switching;
- the second receiving unit 1303 is configured to receive the handover request message from the ENB, where The handover request message includes information required for the CS handover;
- the first selection unit 1304 is configured to: when the second reception unit 1303 receives the handover request message from the ENB, select the mobile switching center MSC; and the second sending unit 1305 is configured to The MSC selected by the first selecting unit 1304 sends a PS to CS handover request message, where the handover request message includes the information required by the CS handover and the called number, so that the MSC calls the called UE;
- the third receiving unit 1306 For receiving the PS to CS handover response message returned by
- the handover command message is sent to the calling UE by using the ENB, where the handover command message includes the CS resource information prepared by the target BSS/RNS, so that Said calling UE accesses 2G / 3G network.
- the mobility management entity supports the callback of the voice call to the CS domain in the scenario in which the calling UE initiates the call. Since the CS handover is performed in parallel with the processing of the CS core network, the delay can be reduced and the user experience can be improved. If the 2G/3G network supports PS handover, the MME can further expand on the basis of Embodiment 10, as follows:
- the handover request message received by the second receiving unit 1303 further includes information required for the PS handover
- the MME 1400 further includes: a fourth sending unit 1308, configured to: after the second receiving unit receives the handover request message, to the SGSN Sending a handover request message, where the handover request message includes information required for PS handover; the fourth receiving unit 1309 is configured to receive a handover request response message returned by the SGSN, where the handover request response message includes the target BSS/RNS preparation
- the first message merging unit 1310 is configured to merge the PS to CS handover response message received by the third receiving unit 1306 with the handover request response message received by the fourth receiving unit 1309;
- the handover command message sent by the third sending unit 1307 further includes PS resource information prepared by the target BSS/RNS.
- the MME in this embodiment can support CS handover, CS core network processing, and PS handover simultaneously.
- the delay of the three depends on the longest one of the three, rather than the sum of the times of the three. Can reduce latency and improve user experience.
- the MME 1400 includes: a fifth receiving unit 1401, configured to receive a CS paging request message from the MSC; and a fifth sending unit 1402, configured to receive the CS homing from the MSC in the fifth unit 1401.
- the request message is sent, the CS call request message is sent to the called UE through the ENB;
- the sixth receiving unit 1403 is configured to receive the handover request message from the called UE; and the determining unit 1404 is configured to receive the sixth receiving unit 1403.
- a handover request message Determining, by the called UE, a handover request message, the called UE accepts the call; a sixth sending unit 1405, configured to send a message to instruct the ENB to initiate a circuit switched fallback CSFB switch; and a seventh receiving unit 1406, configured to receive a handover request message from the ENB, the handover request message includes information required for CS handover; a second selection unit 1407, configured to select an MSC when the seventh reception unit 1406 receives the handover request message; and a seventh transmission unit 1408, Sending a PS to CS handover request message to the MSC selected by the second selection unit 1407, where the PS to CS handover request message includes information required for CS handover, so that the MSC Called side transmits an address complete message;
- the MME 1400 further includes: a ninth sending unit 1411, configured to send a handover request message to the SGSN, where the handover request message includes information required for the PS handover; and a ninth receiving unit 1412, configured to receive a handover request response message returned by the SGSN
- the handover request response message includes the PS resource information prepared by the target BSS/RNS
- the second message combining unit 1413 is configured to receive the PS to CS handover response message received by the eighth receiving unit 1409 and the ninth receiving unit.
- the received handover request response message is merged by the 1412.
- the handover command message sent by the eighth sending unit 1410 further includes PS resource information prepared by the target BSS/RNS.
- the MME in this embodiment can support the CS handover and the CS core network processing and the PS handover simultaneously, and the delay between the two depends on the longest one of the three, rather than the sum of the times of the three. Can reduce latency and improve user experience.
- Embodiment 12 Referring to FIG. 15, the MME 1500 includes: a tenth receiving unit 1501, configured to receive a PS handover request message from the ENB, where the PS handover request message includes information required for PS handover; and a determining unit 1502, configured to The information required for the PS handover determines that the new MSC to be accessed by the called UE is different from the currently registered MSC.
- the tenth sending unit 1503 is configured to determine, in the determining unit 1502, that the MSC that the called UE is currently accessing is different. When the currently registered MSC is ten, a location update message is sent to the new MSC, so that the new MSC sends a location update message to the home location register HLR, and performs a location update procedure and a retry procedure.
- the MME in this embodiment supports the retry process in advance, refers to simultaneous execution with the PS switch, and changes the serial operation to the parallel operation, thereby reducing the delay and improving the user experience.
- Embodiment 13 Referring to FIG.
- the MSC 1600 includes: a first receiving unit 1601, configured to receive, by the MME, a handover request message triggered by the MME sending a service request message from the ENB to instruct the ENB to initiate a CSFB handover. a PS to CS handover request message, where the PS to CS handover request message includes the information required for the CS handover and the called number; the eleventh sending unit 1602 is configured to send the initial address message according to the called number.
- the first resource information acquiring unit 1603 is configured to acquire, according to the information required for the CS handover, the CS resource information prepared by the target BSS/RNS, and the twelfth sending unit 1604, configured to return a PS to the CS handover response message to the MME, where
- the CS resource information acquired by the resource information acquiring unit 1603 is returned to the MME, so that the MME sends a handover command message to the calling UE through the ENB, and the handover command message includes the CS resources prepared by the target BSS/RNS.
- the information is such that the calling UE accesses the 2G/3G network.
- the MSC may send an initial address message to the called UE, and acquire the target BSS from the target BSS/RNS.
- the CS resource information prepared by the /RNS is returned to the MME for parallel execution through the PS to CS handover response message, that is, the CS core network and the CS handover process are executed in parallel, so that the delay can be reduced and the user experience can be improved.
- the MSC 1600 may further include: a twelfth receiving unit 1605, configured to receive an off-hook response message from the called side; and a thirteenth transmitting unit 1606, And when the off-hook response message of the called side is received, sending a notification message to the calling UE to notify the called UE to go off-hook to enter the call.
- a twelfth receiving unit 1605 configured to receive an off-hook response message from the called side
- a thirteenth transmitting unit 1606 And when the off-hook response message of the called side is received, sending a notification message to the calling UE to notify the called UE to go off-hook to enter the call.
- the dotted line frame, the dotted line connection, or the signaling message indicated by the broken line in each figure indicates that it is optional.
- the MSC 1700 includes: a thirteenth receiving unit 1701, configured to receive an incoming call, and a fourteenth transmitting unit 1702, configured to send, when the thirteenth receiving unit receives an incoming call, to the MME
- the CS paging request message causes the MME to send a CS paging message to the called UE.
- the fourteenth receiving unit 1703 is configured to receive, by the MME, the service request message sent by the called UE from the ENB to instruct the ENB to initiate the CSFB handover.
- a PS to CS handover request message sent by the triggered handover request message where the PS to CS handover request message includes information required for CS handover; and a fifteenth transmission unit 1704, configured to perform, according to the PS to CS handover request Message, sending an address completion message to the calling side;
- the second resource information acquiring unit 1705 is configured to acquire CS resource information prepared by the target BSS/RNS according to the information required for the CS handover;
- the 16th sending unit 1706 is configured to return a PS to CS handover response message to the MME, and return the CS resource information acquired by the second resource information acquiring unit 1705 to the MME, so that the MME sends a handover to the called UE by using the ENB.
- Command message, and the handover command message includes CS resource information prepared by the target BSS/RNS, so that the called UE accesses the 2G/3G network.
- the MSC may send the calling side response address completion message to the CS prepared by the target BSS/RNS from the target BSS/RNS.
- the resource information is returned to the MME for parallel execution through the PS to CS handover response message, that is, the CS core network and the CS handover process are executed in parallel, so that the delay can be reduced and the user experience can be improved.
- the MSC 1700 may further include: a fifteenth receiving unit 1707, configured to receive a handover complete message from the called UE; and a seventeenth transmitting unit 1708, configured to When receiving the handover complete message, the five receiving unit 1707 sends a notification message to the calling side to notify the called UE to go off-hook.
- the embodiment of the present invention further provides the following communication system: Embodiment 15 Referring to FIG. 18, the communication system includes: a mobility management entity (MME) 1801, an evolved base station (ENB) 1802, and a mobile switching center (MSC) 1803, wherein :
- MME mobility management entity
- ENB evolved base station
- MSC mobile switching center
- the MME 1801 is configured to receive a service request message from the calling UE, where the service request message includes a voice call called number information of the CS domain, send a message to the ENB 1802 to instruct the ENB 1802 to initiate a CSFB handover, and receive a handover request message from the RNR 1802.
- the handover request message includes the information required for the CS handover
- the MSC 1803 is selected to send the PS to the CS handover request message to the MSC 1803.
- the PS to CS handover request message includes the information required by the CS handover and the called number.
- the receiving MSC 1803 returns.
- the PS to CS handover response message includes CS resource information prepared by the BSS/RNS, and sends a handover command message to the calling UE through the ENB 1802, where the handover command message includes the target BSS/ The CS resource information prepared by the RNS, so that the calling UE accesses the 2G/3G network;
- the ENB1802 is configured to receive a message sent by the MME 1801 to initiate a CSFB handover, and send a handover request message to the MME 1801, where the handover request message includes information required for CS handover, and receives a handover command message sent by the MME 1801 and forwards the message to the calling UE.
- the handover command message includes CS resource information prepared by the target BSS/RNS, so that the calling UE accesses the 2G/3G network;
- the MSC 1803 is configured to receive a PS to CS handover request message from the MME 1801, where the PS to CS handover request message includes information required by the CS handover and a called number, and sends an initial address message according to the called number to call the called party.
- the UE obtains CS resource information prepared by the target BSS/RNS according to the information required for the CS handover, and returns a PS to CS handover response message to the MME 1801, where the PS to CS handover response message includes the CS resource prepared by the target BSS/RNS. information.
- the communication system in this embodiment supports the callback of the voice call to the CS domain in the scenario in which the calling UE initiates the call. Since the CS handover is performed in parallel with the processing of the CS core network, the delay can be reduced and the user experience can be improved.
- the MSC 1803 may be further configured to notify the calling UE to start ringing after receiving the address completion message returned by the called party and the handover complete message sent by the calling UE; receiving the call from the called side. After the off-hook response message, the notification message is sent to the calling UE to notify the called UE to go off-hook to enter the call.
- the handover request message sent by the ENB 1802 to the MME 1801 may further include information required for the PS handover; the communication system may further include: a service of the general packet radio service. a support node (SGSN) 1804, configured to receive a handover request message sent by the MME 1801, where the handover request message includes information required for PS handover, and returns a handover request response message to the MME 1801;
- SGSN support node
- the MME 1801 may also send a handover request message to the 505 804, and receive a handover request response message returned by the SGSN 1804, and merge the handover request response message and the PS to CS handover response message, so that the sent handover command message further includes the PS resource information prepared by the target BSS/RNS.
- the communication system can support the CS handover and the CS core network processing and the PS handover simultaneously, and the delay of the three depends on the longest one of the three, rather than the time of the three. And, it can further reduce the delay and improve the user experience.
- the communication system includes: an MME 1901, an ENB 1902, and an MSC 1903, where:
- the MME 1901 is configured to: when receiving the CS paging request message of the MSC 1903, send a CS paging request message to the called UE through the ENB 1902; receive a service request message from the called UE, where the service request message includes the voice of the circuit switched CS domain.
- Calling the called number information sending a message to the ENB 1902 indicating that the ENB initiates a circuit switched fallback CSFB handover; receiving a handover request message from the ENB 1902, the handover request message containing information required for CS handover, selecting the MSC 1903 and transmitting the PS to the CS to the MSC 1903 And switching the request message, where the PS to CS handover request message includes information required by the CS handover, so that the MSC 1903 returns an address completion message to the calling side; and receives the PS to CS returned by the MSC 1903.
- the PS to CS handover response message includes CS resource information prepared by the BSS/RNS, and sends a handover command message to the called UE through the ENB 1902, where the handover command message includes the CS prepared by the target BSS/RNS Resource information, such that the called UE accesses the 2G/3G network;
- END 1902 configured to receive a message that is sent by the MME 1901 to initiate a CSFB handover, and send a handover request message to the MME 1901, where the handover request message includes information required for CS handover, and receives a handover command message sent by the MME 1901 and forwards the message to the called UE.
- the handover command message includes CS resource information prepared by the target BSS/RNS, so that the called UE accesses the 2G/3G network;
- the MSC 1903 is configured to receive a PS to CS handover request message from the MME 1901, where the PS to CS handover request message includes information required for the CS handover, and sends an address completion message to the calling side, according to the CS handover required information. Acquiring CS resource information prepared by the target BSS/RNS, and returning a PS to CS handover response message to the MME 1901, where the PS to CS handover response message includes CS resource information prepared by the target BSS/RNS.
- the communication system in this embodiment supports the callback of the voice call back to the CS domain in the scenario in which the called UE receives the call. Since the CS handover is performed in parallel with the CS core network processing, the delay can be reduced and the user experience can be improved.
- the MSC 1903 may be further configured to: when receiving the handover complete message sent by the called UE, send a notification message to the calling side to notify the called UE to go off-hook.
- the handover request message sent by the ENB 1902 to the MME 1901 further includes information required for the PS handover; the communication system may further include: SGSN 1904, configured to receive the MME 1901 to send The handover request message includes the information required for the PS handover, and returns a handover request response message to the MME 1901.
- the MME 1901 may be further configured to send a handover request message to the SGSN 1904, and receive a handover request response message returned by the SGSN 1904.
- the handover request response message and the PS to CS handover response message are combined, so that the transmitted handover command message further includes PS resource information prepared by the target BSS/RNS.
- the communication system can support the CS handover and the CS core network processing and the PS handover simultaneously, and the delay of the three depends on the longest one of the three, rather than the time of the three. And, it can further reduce the delay and improve the user experience.
- Embodiment 17 In the wood embodiment, the UE is used as the calling UE, and the 2G/3G network supports the PS handover, and the process of the voice call falling back to the CS domain in the process of the UE initiating the call is described. Referring to Figure 20, the specific steps are as follows:
- the user wants to initiate a CS voice call, the calling UE is attached to the LTE network, in an idle state or an active state, and the UE sends an extended service request message to the MME, where the extended service request message may include a CS SETUP request.
- the CS SETUP request may include the called information of the CS domain, the transaction identifier, the bearer capabi lity information of the UE, and the CS domain call information;
- the MME indicates that the call described by ENB is an enhanced CSFB call
- the MME needs to confirm whether the enhanced CSFB process needs to be initiated. First, it is determined whether the calling UE is to initiate a CS call, and the extended service request message may carry the service type information to be initiated. The specific service type may be voice. Calls, short messages, data services or supplementary services; also to determine whether an enhanced CSFB call can be initiated, mainly based on whether the UE and ENB support enhanced CSFB. If the call is a CS voice call and carries the called number and both the calling UE and the ENB support the enhanced CSFB, the MME indicates the ENB call enhanced by the ENB.
- the implementation of the steps 2002 ⁇ S2003 is similar to that of S702 ⁇ S703, and can be referred to accordingly, and details are not described herein again.
- the MME selects an MSC, and the MME sends a PS to CS handover request message to the MSC, where the PS to CS handover request message includes information required for CS handover and a CS SETUP request.
- the information required for CS switching can be encapsulated in a CS transparent container.
- the calling number may be transmitted by the calling UE to the MME in step 2001a. If the calling UE does not transmit the calling number, the MMR may determine the calling number according to the UR number saved by itself, because the MMR can be from the home subscriber server (HSS) , Home Subscriber Server) Get the number of the calling UE.
- the MSC selected by the MME is an upgraded MSC capable of supporting enhanced CSFB.
- the MME selects an MSC that can support the enhanced CSFB, so the MME does not guarantee the location area of the selected MSC and the target cell ( The corresponding MSC of the LA, Local Area) will cause an inconsistency to result in a cross-MSC handover (Inter MSC handover), which is described in the following flow.
- the MME may select the corresponding MSC according to the LA of the target cell. This situation does not cause the Inter MSC to switch.
- the MME initiates a PS to CS handover request message to the MSC, carrying The calling number, the called number, and the CS transparent container carrying the information required for CS handover. Regardless of whether the MSC has registration information of the calling UE, the MSC performs a CSFB call for the calling UE.
- the MSC may select a more suitable service type based on information such as the bearer capability of the UE included in the CS SETUP request.
- IAM Initial Address Message
- ISVITE Invite message
- SIP-1 Session Initiation Protocol with Encapsulated I SUP message or ISUP
- Integrated Services Digital Network User Part message Integrated Services Digital Network User Part message.
- steps 2006 ⁇ S2015 can be similar to S706 ⁇ S715, and can be referred to accordingly.
- the calling-on time is mainly composed of the following time periods: random access time in the LTE network (if the user is in the idle state, corresponding to step 2001a), measurement time for the 2G/3G network (Optional, corresponding to step 2002), MAX (PS switching time (corresponding to steps 2008 ⁇ 2010), CS switching time (corresponding to steps 2004, 2006 ⁇ 2007), CS core network processing time (corresponding to step 2005)) and Referring to the on-time of the side (corresponding to steps 2014 ⁇ 2015), it can be seen that compared with the call-on time in the CSFB technical solution shown in FIG. 1, the main difference is that the MAX in this embodiment replaces the corresponding scheme of FIG.
- the three are performed in parallel, rather than serially in the corresponding scheme of Figure 1, so the MAX duration depends only on the longest of the three. Therefore, in the scenario corresponding to Figure 1, the UE initiates a call for the call. voice Compared with the method of calling back to the CS domain, the delay can be reduced and the user experience can be improved.
- the hang of the PS service may be performed by using the method in the fourth embodiment, and the UE may still carry the information required for the CS handover in the service request message sent to the MME.
- the MME may also include the information required for CS handover and the CS SETUP request in the PS to CS handover request message sent to the MSC.
- Embodiment 18 The UE is the called UE, the 2G/3G network supports the PS handover, and the process of the voice call back to the CS domain in the process of receiving the call by the UE is described. Referring to FIG. 21, the specific steps are as follows:
- the MSC After receiving the incoming call, the MSC sends a CS paging request message to the MME, where the message includes a CS SETUP request, and if the called party is in an active state, the MME directly sends a CS paging message to the called UE, which may include CS SETUP request, where the CS SET UP request contains information such as the calling number. If the called party is in the idle state, the MME sends a paging message to the ENB indicating that the page is a CS page, the ENB pages the called UE on the air, and indicates that this is a CS page;
- the called UE sends an extended service request message to the MME. If the CS SETUP request has been obtained in step 2101a, the indication information indicates whether the called UE accepts the call, and may also carry a call confirmation message (CALL CONFIRM). If the called UE does not obtain the CS SETUP request in step 2101a, the called UE may carry the indication information in the message, indicating that the called UE wishes to obtain the CS SETUP request (the indication is optional), and the MME may pass the circuit in the NAS message.
- CALL CONFIRM call confirmation message
- the CS Service Notification message sends a CS SETUP request to the called UE, and the called UE determines whether to accept the call, and indicates whether the MME accepts the call by resending the extended service request message in the NAS message, where Carry call confirmation (CALL CONFIRM);
- ⁇ E sends a message to the ENB indicating that the call is an enhanced CSFB call
- the ENB can request the called UE to measure the signal quality of the 2G/3G network, and the called UE performs measurement reporting. If the ENB confirms that the signal quality of the reported 2G/3G network meets the preset signal quality requirement, step 2103 is performed.
- the ENB initiates a handover request message to the MME, and according to the indication information that the call in the step 2101 is an enhanced CSFB call, the ENB carries the information required for the PS handover and the information required for the CS handover in the handover request message;
- the ENB can respectively construct a PS transparent container and a CS transparent container, which are respectively used to carry information required for the PS handover and information required for CS handover.
- the information required for the PS handover and the information required by the CS in the transparent container and the CS transparent container are respectively in accordance with the existing 2G/3G network specifications, and are generally corresponding to the target ID and the CS handover corresponding to the PS handover.
- the target ID, ENB can guarantee the same.
- the MME selects the MSC, and the MME sends a PS to the CS handover request message to the MSC, where the PS to CS handover request message includes the information required for the CS handover and the CALL C0NFTRM.
- the information required for the CS handover may be encapsulated in the CS transparent container.
- the MSC selected by the MME is an upgraded MSC capable of supporting enhanced CSFB. If only a part of the MSC is upgraded in the network, the MME must select an MSC that can support the enhanced CSFB, so the wakeup E does not guarantee that the selected MSC corresponds to the LA of the target cell. The MSC will cause the Inter MSC handover procedure if it does not.
- the MME may select the corresponding MSC according to the LA of the target cell. This situation does not cause the Inter MSC to switch, and the MME sends a PS to CS handover request message to the MSC.
- the message carries a CS transparent container that carries the information needed for CS handover.
- steps 2105 to 2114 is similar to that of S1105 to S1114, and can be referred to accordingly.
- the called on time is mainly composed of the following time periods: random paging time in the LTE network (if the bandwidth is in the idle state, corresponding to step 2101a), random connection in the LTE network Entry time (if the user is in the idle state, corresponding to step S1101bb), measurement time for the 2G/3G network (optional, corresponding to step 2102), MAX (PS switching time (corresponding to steps 2109 ⁇ 2110), CS switching time) (corresponding to steps 2104, 2106 ⁇ 2107), CS core network processing time (corresponding to step 2105), it can be seen that compared with the called on time in the CSFB technical solution shown in FIG.
- the MAX replaces the PS handover time, the CS domain system message read time, the MSC retry time (corresponding to the scenario where the called MSC has changed), and the CS core network processing time in the CSFB technical solution shown in FIG.
- the CS switching, the PS switching, and the CS core network processing are performed in parallel, instead of being serially performed in the CSFB technical scheme shown in FIG. 2, so the MAX duration depends only on the longest time among the three. Because Compared with the method in the CSFB technical solution shown in FIG. 2, the voice call is rolled back to the CS domain in the scenario where the UE is called to receive the paging, and the delay can be reduced to improve the user experience.
- the hang of the PS service may be performed by referring to the method in the eighth embodiment, and the MSC may still carry the CS SETUP request in the CS paging request message sent to the MME.
- the MME may also carry the CS SETUP request in the CS paging request message sent to the UE.
- Embodiment 19 Referring to FIG. 22, a process flow of an MME in a UE handover process is described. The specific steps include:
- the MME receives the first message from the user terminal UE, where the first message includes the initial session protocol SIP context information of the UE.
- the first message may be an extended service request message, or may be other messages.
- the MME receives the handover request message from the ENB, where the handover request message includes information required for CS handover, and sends a PS to CS handover request message to the MSC, where the PS to CS handover request message includes information required for CS handover and the UE.
- SIP context information so that the MSC establishes a media gateway (MGW, Media Gate Way) to a serving gateway (SGW, Serving Gateway)/Packet Data Network Gateway (P-GW) using the SIP context information of the UE.
- MGW media gateway
- SGW Serving Gateway
- P-GW Packet Data Network Gateway
- the bearer can transmit STP signaling and media streams on the bearer; wherein, the MSC can carry two MGWs to the SGW/PGW bearer, one for transmitting SIP signaling and one for transmitting VOIP media streams.
- the bearer may be a General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) tunnel (GTP) tunnel, or may be a Real-Time Transport Protocol (RTP) bearer. 2203.
- the MME receives a PS to CS handover response message returned by the MSC, where the PS to CS handover response message includes CS resource information prepared by the target base station subsystem/radio network subsystem BSS/RNS, and sends a handover command to the UE by using the ENB.
- GPRS General Packet Radio Service
- RTP Real-Time Transport Protocol
- the message, the handover command message includes the CS resource information prepared by the target BSS/RNS, so that the UE accesses the 2G/3G network.
- the UE reports its SIP context information, and the MME sends the SIP context information to the MSC.
- the MSC can establish the bearer of the MGW to the SGW/PGW by using the SIP context of the UE, thereby opening the transmission path of the CS domain and the IMS domain.
- the UE can directly use the bearer of the MGW to the SGW/PGW established by the MSC to transmit its data stream and STP signaling, and the existing call back to the CS domain may be compared to the existing method.
- Embodiment 20 Referring to FIG. 23, a process flow of an MSC in a UE handover process is described. The specific steps include:
- the MSC receives a PS to CS handover message that is sent by the MME when receiving a handover request message triggered by the UE indicating that the ENB initiates a CS handover by the ENB, where the PS to CS handover request message includes information required for CS handover. And SIP context information of the UE;
- the MSC establishes the bearer of the MGW to the SGW/PGW by using the SIP context information of the UE, so as to use the bearer to transmit the SIP signaling and the media stream; wherein, the MSC can establish the bearer of the MSC to the MGW to the SGW/PGW, and simultaneously It is also possible to establish a bearer of the MGW to the SGW/PGW.
- the MSC obtains CS resource information prepared by the target BSS/RNS from the target BSS/RNS, and returns a PS to CS handover response message to the MMR, where the PS to CS handover response message includes CS resource information prepared by the target BSS/RNS.
- the MME is configured to send a handover command message to the calling UE through the ENB, and the handover command message includes the CS resource information prepared by the target BSS/RNS, so that the UE accesses the 2G/3G network.
- the UE reports its SIP context information
- the MSC can establish the bearer of the MGW to the SGW/PGW by using the SIP context of the UE, so as to open the transmission path of the CS domain and the IMS domain, so that the UE accesses the 2G.
- the MGW to the SGW/PGW bearer established by the MSC can be directly used to transmit the data stream and the SIP signaling, and the delay of the existing call back to the CS domain can be greatly reduced.
- the following is a description of the process of supporting the PS handover in the 2G/3G network, and the process of the UE1 rolling back to the CS domain during the VOIP session. Referring to FIG. 24, the specific steps are as follows: 2401: UE1 performs a voice over internet protocol (VOIP) session in LTE;
- VOIP voice over internet protocol
- the UE1 may send an extended service request message to the MME, where the service request message may include the SIP context information of the UE1, and may further include information such as a CS SETUP request, where the SIP context of the UE1 may include: SIP security related parameters, a session Related parameters (IP address and port of the peer UE, codec used, packing interval, etc., may also include the IP address and port of UE1, etc.). Further, if the SIP context is updated, UE1 may send the updated SIP context to ⁇ E by using a service request message. It should be noted that the UE1 may also choose to use other messages to send the SIP context information of the UE1 to the MME, which is not limited herein.
- UE1 performs measurement on 2G/3G.
- UE1 finds that the current LTE signal quality is degraded, UE1 may initiate measurement on 2G/3G and perform measurement reporting. If ENB confirms the reported 2G. The signal quality of the /3G network meets the preset signal quality requirements, and step 2403 is performed.
- the ENB sends a handover request message to the MME, where the ENB can carry the information required for the PS handover, the information required for the CS handover, and the SIP context of the UE1 in the handover request message.
- the ENB can respectively construct the PS transparent container and the CS transparent container, respectively. It is used to carry information required for the PS handover and information required for CS handover.
- the information required for the PS handover and the information required by the CS in the transparent container and the CS transparent container are respectively in accordance with the existing 2G/3G network specifications, and are generally corresponding to the target ID and the CS handover corresponding to the PS handover.
- the target ID, ENB can guarantee the same.
- the MME sends a PS to the CS handover request message to the MSC, where the PS to CS handover request message may include information required for the CS handover, the SIP context of the UE1, and the CS SETUP request, and the information required by the CS handover may be encapsulated.
- the MSC is an MSC corresponding to the target cell selected by the UE1 for 2G/3G measurement.
- the MSC establishes a bearer of the MGW to the SGW/PGW by using the SIP context of the UE1.
- the MSC can establish a bearer carrying the SIP signaling and a bearer carrying the V0IP data flow by using the SIP context of the UE1.
- the SIP user agent (SIP UA) function may be built in the MSC. After obtaining the SIP context of the UE1 from the MME, the MSC may reconstruct the SIP context of the UE1 based on the SIP context of the UE1 obtained from the MME, and then establish the bearer of the MGW to the SGW/PGW.
- the S IP signaling may be from the MSC to the MGW to the SGW/PGW to the opposite UE, and the VOIP data flow may be from the MGW to the IJSGW/PGW to the opposite UE, and the foregoing bearer may be, for example, a GTP-U tunnel. 2407.
- the MSC notifies the target BSS/RNS to prepare the CS handover resource.
- the MSC may send a handover request message to the target BSS/RNS, and notify the target BSS/RNS to prepare the CS handover resource.
- the MSC returns a PS to CS handover complete message to the MME, where the message includes CS resource information prepared by the target BSS/RNS.
- the CS resource information prepared by the target BSS/RNS may include: a CS voice service air interface dedicated channel and a system message, etc., and may be encapsulated in a CS transparent container to comply with the existing 2G/3G network CS domain specification.
- the MME initiates a PS handover, and sends a handover request message to the SGSN, where the handover request message includes information required for the PS handover;
- the SGSN sends a handover request message to the target BSS/RNS, and the target BSS/RNS returns the prepared PS resource information.
- the SGSN returns a handover response message to the MME, where the handover response message includes the PS resource information prepared by the target BSS/RNS.
- the PS resource information prepared by the target BSS/RNS may include: a PS service air interface channel and a system message. Etc., and can be packaged in a PS transparent container, following the existing 2G/3G network CS domain specification.
- 2412 After the messages of steps 2408 and 2411 are received, the MME may merge the two messages, and combine the PS resource information with the CS resource information, and the MME sends a handover command message to the ENB, where the handover command message includes the merged resource.
- the PS to CS handover complete message includes the CS resource information prepared by the target BSS/RNS (mainly including the CS voice service air interface dedicated channel and system message, etc., encapsulated in a CS transparent container, and follows the existing 2G/3G.
- the network CS domain specification and the handover request response message include PS resource information (mainly including the PS service air interface channel and system message, etc., which are encapsulated in a PS transparent container and follow the existing 2G/3G network CS domain specification), and
- the CS transparent container is merged with the PS transparent container, which is called a merged transparent container, and carries the resources prepared by the target BSS/RNS.
- the ENB sends a handover command message to the calling UE, where the handover command message includes resource information prepared by the target BSS/RNS.
- the calling UE accesses the 2G/3G network, sends a handover complete message to the target BSS/RNS, and the target BSS/RNS sends a handover complete message to the MSC.
- the bearer point of the voice stream of the UE1 may include the UE1 to the MSC/MGW to the SGW/PGW to the peer UE, and the bearer point of the S IP signaling may include the MSC to the MGW to the SGW/PGW. Go to the peer UE.
- the UE when the handover to the 2G/3G network is required, the UE reports its SIP context information, and the MME sends the information to the MSC, and the MSC can establish the bearer of the MGW to the SGW/PGW by using the SIP context of the UE, thereby The transmission path of the CS domain and the top S domain is opened, so that after accessing the 2G/3G network, the UE can directly use the MGW to the SGW/PGW bearer established by the MSC to transmit its data stream and SIP signaling, as compared with the existing The method of the call back to the CS domain can greatly reduce the delay and improve the user experience.
- a mobility management entity 2500 may include: a seventeenth receiving unit 2501, an eighteenth receiving unit 2502, and a nineteenth sending unit 2503. The nineteenth receiving unit 2504 and the twentieth transmitting unit 2505.
- the seventeenth receiving unit 2501 is configured to receive a first message from the user terminal UE, where the first message includes initial session protocol SIP context information of the UE.
- the first message may be a service request message extended by the UE, or may be other messages.
- the eighteenth receiving unit 2502 is configured to receive a handover request message from the ENB, where the handover request message includes information required for CS handover, and a nineteenth sending unit 2503, configured to send a PS to CS handover request message to the MSC, where the PS
- the CS handover request message includes the information required for the CS handover and the SIP context information of the UE, so that the MSC establishes the bearer of the MGW to the SGW/PGW by using the SIP context information of the UE, and transmits the SIP packet on the bearer.
- a nineteenth receiving unit 2504 configured to receive a PS to CS handover response message returned by the MSC, where the PS to CS handover response message includes CS resource information prepared by the target base station subsystem/radio network subsystem BSS/RNS;
- the ten sending unit 2505 is configured to send, by using the ENB, a handover command message to the UE, where the handover command message includes the CS resource information prepared by the target BSS/RNS, so that the UE accesses the 2G/3G network.
- the mobility management entity 2500 in this embodiment may be the MME in the foregoing method embodiment, which may be used to implement all the technical solutions in the method embodiments, and the functions of the respective functional modules may be according to the foregoing method embodiments.
- the specific implementation of the method may be referred to the related description in the foregoing embodiments, and details are not described herein again.
- the embodiment of the present invention further provides a mobile switching center.
- Embodiment 22 Referring to FIG. 26, a mobile switching center 2600 of the twenty-second embodiment of the present invention may include: a sixteenth receiving unit 2601, a bearer establishing unit 2602, and an eighteenth transmitting unit 2603.
- the 16th receiving unit 2601 is configured to receive a PS to CS handover message sent by the MME after receiving a handover request message triggered by the UE instructing the ENB to initiate a CS handover of the PS from the ENB, where the PS to CS handover request is sent.
- the message includes the information required for the CS handover and the SIP context information of the UE.
- the bearer establishing unit 2602 is configured to establish a bearer of the MGW to the SGW/PGW by using the SIP context information of the UE, so as to transmit the STP signaling and the medium on the bearer. flow.
- the bearer establishing unit 2602 can establish a bearer of the MGW to the SGW/PGW, and can also establish a bearer of the MSC to the MGW to the SGW/PGW.
- the eighteenth transmitting unit 2603 is configured to acquire the CS resource information prepared by the target BSS/RNS from the target BSS/RNS, and return a PS to the CS handover response message to the MME, where the PS to CS handover response message includes the foregoing target.
- the CS resource information prepared by the BSS/RNS is such that the MME sends a handover command message to the calling UE through the ENB, and the handover command message includes the CS resource information prepared by the target BSS/RNS, so that the UE accesses the 2G/3G network.
- the mobile switching center 2600 in this embodiment may be an MSC in the foregoing method embodiment, which may be used to implement all the technical solutions in the method embodiments, and the functions of the respective functional modules may be according to the method in the foregoing method embodiment.
- the functions of the respective functional modules may be according to the method in the foregoing method embodiment.
- a communication system according to Embodiment 23 of the present invention may include: a mobility management entity MME 2710, and a mobile switching center MSC 2720, where:
- the MME 2710 is configured to receive a first message from the user terminal UE, where the first message includes initial session protocol SIP context information of the UE, and receive a handover request message from the ENB, where the handover request message includes information required for CS handover.
- the PS to CS handover response message includes the CS resource information prepared by the BSS/RNS
- the MSC 2720 is configured to receive a PS to CS handover message that is sent by the MME 2710 when receiving a handover request message triggered by the UE indicating that the ENB initiates a CS handover of the PS, where the PS to CS handover request message includes a CS handover.
- the MME 2710 in the wood embodiment communication system may be the mobility management entity 2500, and the MSC 2720 may be the mobile switching center 2600.
- the functions of the functional entities of the communication system in this embodiment may be according to the method in the foregoing method embodiment.
- a person skilled in the art can understand that all or part of the process of implementing the above embodiment method can be completed by a computer program to instruct related hardware, and the program can be stored in a computer readable storage medium. When executed, the flow of an embodiment of the methods as described above may be included.
- the storage medium may be a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a magnetic disk, an optical disk, or the like.
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
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BR112012001861-2A BR112012001861B1 (pt) | 2009-07-23 | 2010-07-20 | Método para retorno de chamada de voz para domínio de circuito comutado, entidade de gerenciamento de mobilidade e sistema de comunicação |
RU2012106660/07A RU2497310C1 (ru) | 2009-07-23 | 2010-07-20 | Способ, устройство и система для перехода в резервный режим речевого вызова в домен с коммутацией каналов |
US13/356,201 US8504043B2 (en) | 2009-07-23 | 2012-01-23 | Method, apparatus, and system for voice call fallback to circuit switched domain |
US13/930,593 US9648522B2 (en) | 2009-07-23 | 2013-06-28 | Method, apparatus, and system for voice call fallback to circuit switched domain |
US15/585,390 US10397835B2 (en) | 2009-07-23 | 2017-05-03 | Method, apparatus, and system for voice call fallback to circuit switched domain |
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CN200910159934.9 | 2009-07-23 | ||
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CN2009102114398A CN101964965B (zh) | 2009-07-23 | 2009-11-10 | 语音呼叫回退到电路交换域的方法、装置及系统 |
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CN103118404A (zh) | 2013-05-22 |
BR112012001861B1 (pt) | 2021-08-10 |
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RU2497310C1 (ru) | 2013-10-27 |
BR112012001861A2 (pt) | 2017-05-16 |
CN101964965A (zh) | 2011-02-02 |
CN103139852A (zh) | 2013-06-05 |
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CN101964965B (zh) | 2013-01-09 |
US9648522B2 (en) | 2017-05-09 |
CN103118404B (zh) | 2015-11-25 |
CN103139852B (zh) | 2017-08-18 |
US20170353894A1 (en) | 2017-12-07 |
US10397835B2 (en) | 2019-08-27 |
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