WO2011008315A1 - Utilisation de composites de carbone magnétiques provenant de matières issues de ressources renouvelables pour le nettoyage et la récupération lors d'un déversement accidentel d'hydrocarbures - Google Patents

Utilisation de composites de carbone magnétiques provenant de matières issues de ressources renouvelables pour le nettoyage et la récupération lors d'un déversement accidentel d'hydrocarbures Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011008315A1
WO2011008315A1 PCT/US2010/029454 US2010029454W WO2011008315A1 WO 2011008315 A1 WO2011008315 A1 WO 2011008315A1 US 2010029454 W US2010029454 W US 2010029454W WO 2011008315 A1 WO2011008315 A1 WO 2011008315A1
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Prior art keywords
metal
carbon
magnetic
nanocomposites
liquid hydrocarbon
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PCT/US2010/029454
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English (en)
Inventor
Tito Viswanathan
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Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Arkansas
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Filing date
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Priority claimed from US12/487,323 external-priority patent/US20100035775A1/en
Application filed by Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Arkansas filed Critical Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Arkansas
Publication of WO2011008315A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011008315A1/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/48—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage with magnetic or electric fields
    • C02F1/488—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage with magnetic or electric fields for separation of magnetic materials, e.g. magnetic flocculation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D17/00—Separation of liquids, not provided for elsewhere, e.g. by thermal diffusion
    • B01D17/02—Separation of non-miscible liquids
    • B01D17/0202—Separation of non-miscible liquids by ab- or adsorption
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
    • C02F1/283—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using coal, charred products, or inorganic mixtures containing them
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/68—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by addition of specified substances, e.g. trace elements, for ameliorating potable water
    • C02F1/681—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by addition of specified substances, e.g. trace elements, for ameliorating potable water by addition of solid materials for removing an oily layer on water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/40—Devices for separating or removing fatty or oily substances or similar floating material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
    • C02F2101/32—Hydrocarbons, e.g. oil
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2305/00—Use of specific compounds during water treatment
    • C02F2305/08—Nanoparticles or nanotubes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to the field of separating mixtures of water and oil, and oil spill clean up and recovery, in particular, to separating mixtures of water and oil, and oil spill clean up and recovery using magnetic carbon composites from renewable resource materials, and applications of same.
  • United States Patent No. 7303679 discloses a method of recovering spilled hydrocarbon fluids from a body of water utilizing the increased oleophilic properties of reacted iron particles suspended in a magnetorheological (MR) fluid.
  • the iron particles normally used to create MR fluids are reacted with an organic compound containing an oleophilic chain end which attaches to the surface of the iron, prior to suspension in a liquid vehicle such as an organic oil.
  • the reacted iron particles in the MR fluid are then applied to and mixed with a hydrocarbon spill on a body of water such as an oil spill in water, whereby subsequent exposure to a significant magnetic field provides for subsequent recovery of both the reacted magnetic particles and the hydrocarbon spill.
  • Other methods may also exist. However, such a synthetic procedure may be considered as tedious, expensive, and time consuming. Moreover, use of organic solvents may not be considered environmentally friendly. Thus, currently there is not an affordable yet efficient product available for oil spill clean up and recovery. Therefore, a heretofore unaddressed need exists in the art to address the aforementioned deficiencies and inadequacies.
  • the present invention provides a method for separating a liquid hydrocarbon material from a body of water.
  • the method includes the steps of:
  • the plurality of magnetic carbon-metal nanocomposites is formed by subjecting one or more metal lignosulfonates or metal salts to microwave radiation, in presence of lignin/derivatives either in presence of alkali or a microwave absorbing material, for a period of time effective to allow a plurality of carbon-metal nanocomposites to be formed.
  • the microwave radiation has a frequency in the range of 900 MHz to 5.8 GHz.
  • the microwave absorbing material comprises graphite, carbon black, or a combination of them.
  • the one or more metal lignosulfonates or metal salts each are magnetic in their elemental form or in their oxide form.
  • the one or more metal lignosulfonates or metal salts comprise iron, iron oxides, cobalt, cobalt oxides, nickel, nickel oxides, or a combination of them.
  • the present invention provides a method for separating a liquid hydrocarbon material dispersed in a volume of water. In one embodiment, the method includes the steps of:
  • the plurality of magnetic carbon- metal nanocomposites is formed by subjecting one or more metal lignosulfonates or metal salts to microwave radiation, in presence of lignin/derivatives either in presence of alkali or a microwave absorbing material, for a period of time effective to allow a plurality of carbon-metal
  • nanocomposites to be formed.
  • the present invention provides a method for separating a liquid hydrocarbon material from a body of water.
  • the method includes the steps of:
  • the plurality of magnetic carbon- metal nanocomposites is formed by subjecting one or more metal lignosulfonates or metal salts to microwave radiation, in presence of lignin/derivatives either in presence of alkali or a microwave absorbing material, for a period of time effective to allow a plurality of carbon-metal
  • nanocomposites to be formed.
  • Fig. 1 shows a typical sulfonated/sulfo methylated lignin monomer unit related to various embodiments of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 shows a reaction scheme for the sulfonation of a monomeric unit of a condensed tannin according to various embodiments of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 shows an SEM image of nickel nanoparticles embedded in a carbon matrix prepared from nickel lignosulfonate using the microwave technique according to one embodiments of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 shows a Raman spectroscopy of a microwave generated carbon according to one embodiments of the present invention.
  • SEM scanning electron microscope
  • X-ray diffraction refers to one of X-ray scattering techniques that are a family of non-destructive analytical techniques which reveal information about the crystallographic structure, chemical composition, and physical properties of materials and thin films. These techniques are based on observing the scattered intensity of an X-ray beam hitting a sample as a function of incident and scattered angle, polarization, and wavelength or energy. In particular, X-ray diffraction finds the geometry or shape of a molecule, compound, or material using X-rays. X-ray diffraction techniques are based on the elastic scattering of X-rays from structures that have long range order. The most comprehensive description of scattering from crystals is given by the dynamical theory of diffraction.
  • the term "Raman spectroscopy” or “Raman techniue” refers to an optical technique that probes the specific molecular content of a sample by collecting in- elastically scattered light. As photons propagate through a medium, they undergo both absorptive and scattering events. In absorption, the energy of the photons is completely transferred to the material, allowing either heat transfer (internal conversion) or re- emission phenomena such as fluorescence and phosphorescence to occur. Scattering, however, is normally an in-elastic process, in which the incident photons retain their energy. In Raman scattering, the photons either donate or acquire energy from the medium, on a molecular level.
  • the energy transfers associated with Raman scattering are on the order of the vibrational modes of the molecule. These vibrational modes are molecularly specific, giving every molecule a unique Raman spectral signature.
  • Raman scattering is a very weak phenomena, and therefore practical measurement of Raman spectra of a medium requires high power excitation laser sources and extremely sensitive detection hardware. Even with these components, the Raman spectra from tissue are masked by the relatively intense tissue auto-fluorescence. After detection, post processing techniques are required to subtract the fluorescent background and enable accurate visualization of the Raman spectra.
  • Raman spectra are plotted as a function of frequency shift in units of wavenumber (cm 1 ). The region of the Raman spectra where most biological molecules have Raman peaks is from 500 to 2000 cm 1 . In contrast to fluorescence spectra, Raman spectra have sharp spectral features that enable easier identification of the constituent sources of spectral peaks in a complex sample.
  • nanoscopic-scale As used herein, “nanoscopic-scale,” “nanoscopic,” “nanometer-scale,”
  • “nanoscale,” “nanocomposites,” “nanoparticles,” the “nano-” prefix, and the like generally refers to elements or articles having widths or diameters of less than about 1 ⁇ m, preferably less than about 100 nm in some cases.
  • specified widths can be smallest width (i.e. a width as specified where, at that location, the article can have a larger width in a different dimension), or largest width (i.e. where, at that location, the article's width is no wider than as specified, but can have a length that is greater).
  • the present invention provides, among other things, a method for synthesis, and use of a material derived from renewable resources that is quick, efficient and highly effective in separating oil from water.
  • the oil could be any hydrophobic material that would be attracted to carbon and includes major oil spills such as that resulting from oil tanker disasters and such.
  • the material is made by the microwave treatment of metal lignosulfonates or metal salts in presence lignin/derivatives either in presence of alkali or a microwave absorbing material such as graphite, carbon black etc.
  • the microwave used could be a domestic kitchen microwave and does not require significant investment.
  • the metals used are those that are magnetic in their elemental form or in their oxide form. Examples of such metals include iron, cobalt and nickel.
  • the present invention provides a method for separating a liquid hydrocarbon material from a body of water.
  • the method includes the steps of:
  • the plurality of magnetic carbon-metal nanocomposites is formed by subjecting one or more metal lignosulfonates or metal salts to microwave radiation, in presence of lignin/derivatives either in presence of alkali or a microwave absorbing material, for a period of time effective to allow a plurality of carbon-metal nanocomposites to be formed.
  • the microwave radiation has a frequency in the range of 900 MHz to 5.8 GHz.
  • the microwave absorbing material comprises graphite, carbon black, or a combination of them.
  • the one or more metal lignosulfonates or metal salts each are magnetic in their elemental form or in their oxide form.
  • the one or more metal lignosulfonates or metal salts comprise iron, iron oxides, cobalt, cobalt oxides, nickel, nickel oxides, or a combination of them.
  • the steps set forth above can be repeated for one or more times with respect to said body of water until the quality of water reaches a desired level.
  • the liquid hydrocarbon material can be recovered from the removed plurality of magnetic carbon- metal nanocomposites each adhered by an amount of the liquid hydrocarbon material after the magnetic force is removed.
  • the present invention provides a method for separating a liquid hydrocarbon material dispersed in a volume of water.
  • the method includes the steps of:
  • the plurality of magnetic carbon- metal nanocomposites is formed by subjecting one or more metal lignosulfonates or metal salts to microwave radiation, in presence of lignin/derivatives either in presence of alkali or a microwave absorbing material, for a period of time effective to allow a plurality of carbon-metal
  • nanocomposites to be formed.
  • the microwave radiation has a frequency in the range of 900 MHz to 5.8 GHz.
  • the microwave absorbing material comprises graphite, carbon black, or a combination of them.
  • the one or more metal lignosulfonates or metal salts each are magnetic in their elemental form or in their oxide form.
  • the one or more metal lignosulfonates or metal salts comprise iron, iron oxides, cobalt, cobalt oxides, nickel, nickel oxides, or a combination of them.
  • the present invention provides a method for separating a liquid hydrocarbon material from a body of water.
  • the method includes the steps of: mixing a plurality of magnetic carbon-metal nanocomposites with a liquid hydrocarbon material dispersed in a body of water to allow the plurality of magnetic carbon- metal nanocomposites each to be adhered by an amount of the liquid hydrocarbon material to form a mixture;
  • the plurality of magnetic carbon- metal nanocomposites is formed by subjecting one or more metal lignosulfonates or metal salts to microwave radiation, in presence of lignin/derivatives either in presence of alkali or a microwave absorbing material, for a period of time effective to allow a plurality of carbon-metal
  • nanocomposites to be formed.
  • the microwave radiation has a frequency in the range of 900 MHz to 5.8 GHz.
  • the microwave absorbing material comprises graphite, carbon black, or a combination of them.
  • the one or more metal lignosulfonates or metal salts each are magnetic in their elemental form or in their oxide form.
  • the one or more metal lignosulfonates or metal salts comprise iron, iron oxides, cobalt, cobalt oxides, nickel, nickel oxides, or a combination of them.
  • the method further comprises the steps of introducing said body of water to a second container, and repeating the steps set forth immediately above to said body of water.
  • the steps set forth above can be further repeated for one or more times with respect to said body of water until the quality of water reaches a desired level.
  • the liquid hydrocarbon material can be recovered from the plurality of magnetic carbon- metal nanocomposites each adhered by an amount of the liquid hydrocarbon material after the magnetic force is removed.
  • Lignin the major non-cellulosic constituent of wood, is a complex phenolic polymer that bears a superficial resemblance to phenol-formaldehyde resins. It consists of functionalized phenylpropane units connected via alkyl and aryl ether linkages. Essentially, all of the lignin commercially available is isolated as byproducts from the paper industry from either the sulfite or the Kraft process.
  • Sulfonated lignins are obtained either as spent sulfite liquor (SSL) or by sulfonation of lignin obtained from the Kraft process.
  • SSL obtained from the sulfite process consists of lignosulfonates ( ⁇ 55%), sugars (30%), and other ingredients in smaller amounts.
  • Fig. 1 shows a typical monomeric unit of Kraft lignin that has been sulfomethylated at the aromatic ring and sulfonated on the aliphatic side chain.
  • Sulfomethylation is accomplished by the reaction of the Kraft lignin with formaldehyde and sodium sulfite.
  • the aliphatic sulfonation occurs preferentially at the benzylic position of the side chain of the phenylpropane units.
  • Lignosulfonates are available in the form of calcium or sodium salts (Borasperse and Ultrazine from Mead Westvaco, for examples) and are cheaper alternatives to other forms of lignosulfonates.
  • Lignotech's calcium salt of lignosulfonic acid [Borresperse-CA] is especially suitable for the synthesis of metal-carbon nanocomposites.
  • lignosulfonates Some of the applications of lignosulfonates are in concrete admixtures, animal feed, oil-well drilling muds, dust control, emulsion stabilizers, dye dispersants, wood preservation, and mining aids. Almost a million metric tones of ligno sulfonate is produced every year and the major manufacturers and their annual production is published.
  • Mead Westvaco and LignoTech USA are two of the major manufacturers of lignosulfonates in the U.S. and a variety of sulfonated lignin products are available from them.
  • the sulfonation can be controlled to occur either at the aromatic ring or the benzylic position or both.
  • the degree and position of sulfonation can affect the final property and potential application of the lignin.
  • Tannin and Sources are naturally occurring polyphenols that are found in the vascular tissue of plants such as the leaves, bark, grasses, and flowers. They are classified into two groups : condensed tannins and hydrolysable tannins.
  • Figure 2 illustrates the reaction scheme for the sulfonation of monomeric unit of a condensed tannin.
  • the structure consists of three rings: two benzene rings on either side of an oxygen-containing heterocyclic ring.
  • the A-ring to the left of the cyclic ether ring consists of one or two hydroxyl groups.
  • the B-ring present on the right of the cyclic ether ring also consists of two or three hydroxyl groups.
  • a particular tannin of interest is Quebracho tannin.
  • This tannin is obtained from the hot water extraction of the heartwoods of Schinopsis balansae and lorentzii, indigenous to Argentina and Paraguay. Quebracho accounts for 30% of the dry weight of the heartwoods with a production level averaging 177,000 tons per year over the past 30 years, according to the Tannin Corporation, Peabody, MA.
  • Sulfonated tannins are commercially available and represent an inexpensive renewable resource. For example, Chevron Philips Company in Bartlesville, OK supplies tannins with different degrees of sulfonation.
  • the MSDSs and technical data sheets providing the structure and percentage of sulfur in the products are also provided. Sold under the trade name of "Orform" tannins, these represent an alternate source of a sulfonated renewable resource that could be compared to sulfonated lignins.
  • a one gram sample of the wood byproduct is treated with four drops of 85% phosphoric acid and mixed thoroughly using a mortar and pestle. It is then placed in a test tube and placed vertically inside a beaker inside a microwave-oven under the hood. The oven is then turned on for a duration of 4 minutes. The sample sparks and then turns red, glowing during the entire process. The sample may then be optionally heated further or the reaction may be terminated.
  • the black sample is then powdered using a mortar and pestle and then introduced in an Erlenmeyer flask. A 10OmL aliquot of deionized (DI) water is brought to boil while stirring.
  • DI deionized
  • the solution is then cooled to room temperature and filtered through a coarse filter paper. Residue is washed with 4 x 10OmL of DI water and then dried on the filter paper via suction. It is then dried further in a vacuum oven at room temperature overnight.
  • the lignosulfonate sodium salt is converted to the desired metal lignosulfonate salt prior to carbonization.
  • a 1Og sample of calcium lignosulfonate according to one embodiment of the present invention, which has 5% Ca 2+ (0.0125 mol Ca ions) is added to 7OmL of DI water and heated to 90 degrees C with stirring.
  • a 0.0125 mol sample of metal sulfate (cobalt, nickel, iron, etc.) is then added to the solution and the reaction mixture heated for one hour at 90 degrees C.
  • the solution is then cooled and filtered through a coarse filter paper and the filtrate is then heated at 85 degrees C until the water evaporates. It is then furthered dried in a vacuum oven overnight at room temperature. Typical yield is around 85-90%.
  • metal lignosulfonates Instead of the calcium salt, sodium salts in presence of metal salts may be used a starting materials for the preparation of carbon-metal nanocomposites.
  • a 1 g sample is treated with 4 drops of 85% phosphoric acid and thoroughly mixed using a mortar and pestle. It is then subjected to microwave radiation using a 650 Watt microwave oven placed under a hood for 2 minutes. It is then subjected to further 4 minutes of microwave treatment. The sample is cooled and introduced into a mortar and pestle and powdered. The sample is treated in boiling water for 10 minutes and cooled and filtered through suction. It is then washed with 4x 10OmL of DI water and dried on the filter paper under suction. It is further dried in a vacuum oven in room temperature overnight.
  • alkali is added to convert the metal lignosulfonate to a metal oxide which becomes an excellent microwave absorber.
  • the heat generated is sufficient to carbonize the lignin and to make metal in the zero valent state by reaction with carbon.
  • a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) image shows Nickel nanoparticles embedded in a carbon matrix, which are prepared from Nickel
  • a typical Raman spectroscopic data of a microwave generated carbon that is made according to one embodiment of the present invention is plotted in Fig. 4.
  • the peak at 1580 cm " that represents the G-band (graphite) represents the E 2g mode (stretching mode) related to the sp 2 carbons.
  • the diffuse band (D-band) that occurs around 1360 cm “1 represents the A lg mode (breathing mode), and is associated with C atoms in a disordered or glassy state.
  • the measure of I G /I D intensity ratio is generally used as a measure of graphite ordering.
  • the broad peak that shows a maximum around 2700 cm " is ascribed to the first overtone of the D band.
  • a 0.3 gram sample of magnetic carbon-iron nanocomposites made according to an examplary process of EXAMPLE 5 was added to a liquid mixture in a container containing 50 mL of water and 1 mL of toluene, and then gently mixed with a glass rod.
  • the water having traces of toluene can be treated again with another sample of magnetic carbon-iron nanocomposites in the same container or another container, which would further clean the water. Additional one or more similar treatments can be performed till the quality of water reaches a desired level.
  • the removed toluene could be recovered from the magnetic carbon-iron nanocomposites adhered to the toluene after the magnetic force is removed.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé de séparation d'une matière hydrocarbure liquide d'une étendue d'eau, ledit procédé comprenant les étapes qui consistent: à mélanger une pluralité de nanocomposites de carbone-métal magnétiques avec une matière hydrocarbure liquide dispersée dans une étendue d'eau pour permettre à la pluralité de nanocomposites de carbone-métal magnétiques de se fixer individuellement suivant une certaine proportion à la matière hydrocarbure liquide pour former un mélange, à appliquer une force magnétique au mélange pour attirer la pluralité de nanocomposites de carbone-métal magnétiques, puis à éliminer ladite pluralité de nanocomposites de carbone-métal magnétiques de ladite étendue d'eau tout en maintenant la force magnétique appliquée, ladite pluralité de nanocomposites de carbone-métal magnétiques étant formée par application d'un rayonnement hyperfréquence à un ou plusieurs lignosulfonates de métal ou sels métalliques, en présence de lignine/dérivés de lignine en présence d'alcali ou d'un matériau absorbant le rayonnement hyperfréquence.
PCT/US2010/029454 2009-04-03 2010-03-31 Utilisation de composites de carbone magnétiques provenant de matières issues de ressources renouvelables pour le nettoyage et la récupération lors d'un déversement accidentel d'hydrocarbures WO2011008315A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US21182609P 2009-04-03 2009-04-03
US61/211,826 2009-04-03
US12/487,323 US20100035775A1 (en) 2008-06-18 2009-06-18 Microwave-assisted synthesis of carbon and carbon-metal composites from lignin, tannin and asphalt derivatives and applications of same
US12/487,323 2009-06-18

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102276660A (zh) * 2011-04-13 2011-12-14 东北林业大学 一种碱木质素三甲基季铵盐的微波制备方法
WO2012115814A1 (fr) * 2011-02-23 2012-08-30 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Nettoyage de déversement de pétrole par colloïde magnétique de la surface et de la profondeur des océans, et des régions côtières
EP2731114A1 (fr) * 2012-11-09 2014-05-14 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. Procédé pour séparer un fluide à partir d'un mélange de fluides en utilisant des nanoparticules ferromagnétiques

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4108767A (en) * 1975-09-02 1978-08-22 Georgia-Pacific Corporation Separation of an aqueous or water-miscible liquid from a fluid mixture
US20050139550A1 (en) * 2003-12-31 2005-06-30 Ulicny John C. Oil spill recovery method using surface-treated iron powder
US20070243337A1 (en) * 2006-04-11 2007-10-18 Rong Xiong Process for producing metal oxide flakes

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4108767A (en) * 1975-09-02 1978-08-22 Georgia-Pacific Corporation Separation of an aqueous or water-miscible liquid from a fluid mixture
US20050139550A1 (en) * 2003-12-31 2005-06-30 Ulicny John C. Oil spill recovery method using surface-treated iron powder
US20070243337A1 (en) * 2006-04-11 2007-10-18 Rong Xiong Process for producing metal oxide flakes

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2012115814A1 (fr) * 2011-02-23 2012-08-30 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Nettoyage de déversement de pétrole par colloïde magnétique de la surface et de la profondeur des océans, et des régions côtières
US8945393B2 (en) 2011-02-23 2015-02-03 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Magnetic colloid petroleum oil spill clean-up of ocean surface, depth, and shore regions
CN102276660A (zh) * 2011-04-13 2011-12-14 东北林业大学 一种碱木质素三甲基季铵盐的微波制备方法
EP2731114A1 (fr) * 2012-11-09 2014-05-14 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. Procédé pour séparer un fluide à partir d'un mélange de fluides en utilisant des nanoparticules ferromagnétiques

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