WO2011006822A1 - Process for the preparation of fluoroalkyl (fluoro)alkyl carbonates and carbamates - Google Patents
Process for the preparation of fluoroalkyl (fluoro)alkyl carbonates and carbamates Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011006822A1 WO2011006822A1 PCT/EP2010/059795 EP2010059795W WO2011006822A1 WO 2011006822 A1 WO2011006822 A1 WO 2011006822A1 EP 2010059795 W EP2010059795 W EP 2010059795W WO 2011006822 A1 WO2011006822 A1 WO 2011006822A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C69/00—Esters of carboxylic acids; Esters of carbonic or haloformic acids
- C07C69/96—Esters of carbonic or haloformic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C269/00—Preparation of derivatives of carbamic acid, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups, the nitrogen atom not being part of nitro or nitroso groups
- C07C269/04—Preparation of derivatives of carbamic acid, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups, the nitrogen atom not being part of nitro or nitroso groups from amines with formation of carbamate groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C68/00—Preparation of esters of carbonic or haloformic acids
- C07C68/02—Preparation of esters of carbonic or haloformic acids from phosgene or haloformates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C68/00—Preparation of esters of carbonic or haloformic acids
- C07C68/08—Purification; Separation; Stabilisation
Definitions
- Fluoromethyl methyl carbonate is a known solvent additive for lithium ion batteries. It can be prepared by the reaction of dimethyl carbonate and elemental fluorine, as described in JP patent application 2004010491, or by electrochemical fluorination, see JP2006001843. Difluorinated products - difluoromethyl methyl carbonate and bis- fluoromethyl carbonate - and higher fluorinated products reduce yield and make separation processes necessary.
- Partially fluorinated carbamates as is described in US-A 6,159,640 have a high thermal stability, a high flash point, a low vapor pressure, a high boiling point and other advantageous properties which make them suitable as solvents for lithium ion batteries, or as solvent additives for lithium ion batteries.
- Object of the present invention is to provide a process which allows the selective manufacture of mono fluorinated fluoroalkyl alkyl carbonates and monofluoroalkyl fluoroalkyl carbonates, namely fluoroalkyl alkyl carbonates and especially fluoromethyl methyl carbonate, and of partially fluorinated
- a silylsubstituted amine can be applied, especially an amine of formula (IX), R 1 R 2 NSiAIk 3 wherein the AIk groups are the same or different and denote alkyl selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl and propyl.
- the reaction of the fluoro formiate and the amine can be performed in the presence of acid scavengers, e.g. in the presence of tertiary amines like trimethylamine or triethylamine.
- the process according to the present invention provides for the manufacture of fluoroalkyl (fluoro)alkyl carbonates of the general formula (I), FCHR-OC(O)-OR' wherein R denotes linear or branched alkyl with 1 to 5 C atoms or H and R' denotes linear or branched alkyl with 1
- An especially preferred embodiment of the present invention provides for the manufacture of fluoroalkyl (fluoro)alkyl carbonates of the general formula (I), FCHR-OC(O)-OR', and for the manufacture of carbamates of general formula (VI), R 1 R 2 N-C(O)OCHRF,
- fluoroalkyl alkyl carbonates monofluorosubstituted fluoroalkyl alkyl carbonates and fluoroalkyl fluoroalkyl carbonates wherein one fluoroalkyl group is monosubstituted and the other - A - fluoroalkyl group may be substituted by one or more fluorine atoms.
- fluoroalkyl fluoroalkyl carbonates the fluoroalkyl groups may be the same or different ; at least one of the fluoroalkyl groups is monofluorinated.
- C(CH 3 ) 2 CH, or H, and more preferably, Cl to C3 alkyl or H. It is most preferred to manufacture carbonates wherein R is H. According to this preferred embodiment, a process is provided for the manufacture of fluoromethyl
- fluoroalkyl carbonates said process comprising a step of reacting fluoromethyl fluoroformate or fluoromethyl chloroformate and an alcohol, or, in an alternative, to react chloromethoxy chloroformate with an alcohol and to perform a subsequent chlorine fluorine exchange. It is especially preferred to use fluoromethyl fluoroformate which has the formula FCH 2 -O-C(O)F.
- the alcohol can be partially or completely be substituted by the respective alkali metal alcoholate, for example, by lithium, sodium, potassium or cesium alcoholate.
- the alcohol preferably denotes a Cl to C5 alcohol ; a C2 to C5 alcohol substituted by at least one fluorine atom ; allyl alcohol ; crotyl alcohol ; prenyl alcohol ; phenol or phenol, substituted by 1 or more C 1 to C3 alkyl groups ; or benzyl.
- R' is a linear or branched Cl to C5 alkyl group, and thus, the alcohol is a Cl to C5 alkanol, more preferably, it is methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, i-propanol, allyl alcohol, n-butanol, i-butanol, 2-methylpropanol, n-pentanol, i-pentanol, or 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol.
- the alcohol is a Cl to C5 alkanol, more preferably, it is methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, i-propanol, allyl alcohol, n-butanol, i-butanol, 2-methylpropanol, n-pentanol, i-pentanol, or 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol.
- the alcohol is methanol, ethanol, allyl alcohol, n-propanol and i-propanol.
- the most preferred alcohol is methanol.
- a mixture of alcohols can be applied in a desired molar ratio.
- a mixture of methanol and ethanol can be applied in a molar ratio of 1 : 1.
- a mixture of the respective methyl carbonate and ethyl carbonate in a molar ratio of approximately 1 :1 is obtained.
- the alcoho lysis reaction can be performed in the presence of an HF scavenger e.g. LiF, NaF, KF or CsF, or in the presence of base, e.g. in the presence of ammonia or a primary, secondary or tertiary amine,
- e.g. triethylamine or pyridine Preferably, it is performed in the absence of a base.
- the molar ratio between alcohol and formate preferably is equal to or greater than 0.9:1. Preferably, it is equal to or lower than 5:1. Very good results are achieved when the ratio of alcohol and formate is in the range of 0.95:1 to 1.2:1.
- the reaction temperature during the alcoho lysis reaction is not critical.
- the temperature during alcoholysis is preferably equal to or higher than - 80 0 C, more preferably, equal to or higher than -78°C.
- the upper temperature can be dependent from pressure and boiling point of the starting materials, e.g. from the boiling point of the alcohol. Often, the temperature is equal to or lower than 85°C.
- the reaction can be performed in any suitable reactor, e.g. in an autoclave.
- the reaction can be performed batch wise or continuously.
- the resulting reaction mixture can be separated by known methods, e.g. by distillation, precipitation and/or crystallization. If desired, the reaction mixture can be contacted with water to remove water-soluble constituents. Due to the specific type of reaction, organic carbonates with a higher degree of fluorination are formed, if at all, in only very minor proportions.
- fluoroalkyl (fluor)alkyl carbonates of the general formula (I), FCHR-OC(O)-OR' wherein R and R' have the meaning given above are prepared in a process
- amine hydro fluorides are suitable in which the nitrogen atom is part of a heterocyclic ring system, for example, pyridinium hydrofluoride, l,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene, and 1,5-diaza- bicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-ene.
- hydrofluoride adducts can be used for the Halex reaction, e.g. CsF-HF.
- Other fluorides are likewise suitable as reactant, e.g. AgF.
- the Halex reaction can be performed in the absence or in the presence of a solvent, for example, in the presence of a nitrile. Often, the reaction is performed at elevated temperature, e.g. at a temperature equal to or higher than 50 0 C.
- reaction mixture which comprises the chloride salt and possibly excess fluoride salt of the fluorinating reactant, and the fluorinated carbonate and possibly unreacted starting material, is performed in a known manner.
- solids are removed by filtration, and the liquid phase is subjected to a fractionated distillation or precipitation after removal of any solvents.
- the fluorinated organic carbonates produced by the process of the present invention are useful as additives or solvents for lithium ion batteries. They provide advantages like modifying the viscosity, reduce flammability and appear to modify the electrodes under formation of beneficial films.
- Preferred amines R 1 R 2 NH for the manufacture of carbamates are those wherein Rl and R2 are the same or different and correspond to methyl, ethyl, n-propyl and i-propyl.
- the molar ratio between amine and formate is preferably equal to or greater than 0.9:1. If the amine functions also as acid scavenger, the ratio is preferably equal to or greater than 1.8:1.
- the ratio between amine and formate is equal to or lower than 5:1.
- the ratio between amine and formate are between 0.95 : 1 to 1.2: 1, or, if the amine functions as a base, in the range of 1.9:1 to 2.4: 1.
- the reaction temperature is preferably in the range of 0 to 50 0 C.
- the workup of the reaction mixtures is performed in a known manner. Solids are filtered off, and the carbamates can be isolated from the resulting liquid raw product by distillation.
- Compounds of formula (II), FCHROC(O)F can be prepared from the respective chloroalkyl chloroformates in a "Halex" type reaction, i.e. substitution of fluorine atoms for the chlorine atoms by fluorinating agents, as already described above, e.g. using a fluorinating reactant like alkali or alkaline earth metal fluorides, e.g.
- the molar ratio between carbonyl fluoride and the aldehyde is preferably equal to or greater than 0.9:1. It is preferably equal to or lower than 5:1.
- the molar ratio between carbonyl fluoride and aldehyde is in the range of 0.9:1 to 5:1. More preferably, the molar ratio between carbonyl fluoride and aldehyde is in the range of0.9:l to 3:l.
- reaction between carbonyl fluoride and the aldehyde is catalyzed.
- the reaction can be catalyzed, for example, by F " .
- the reaction can be catalyzed by HF, which may be added as such or prepared in situ by the addition of low amounts of water.
- Preferred catalysts are those which contain fluoride anions, e.g. alkaline earth metal fluorides or alkali metal fluorides such as CsF, or catalysts which contain fluoride ions formed from carbonyl fluoride and a pre-catalyst.
- Preferred pre-catalysts are dialkyl formamides, especially dimethyl formamide. It is assumed that the formamide and carbonyl fluoride form a "naked" fluoride ion which starts a nucleophilic reaction on the aldehyde.
- the negatively charged oxygen of the formed adduct of the fluoride ion and the aldehyde molecule then reacts with a carbonyl fluoride molecule forming fluoromethyl fluoro formate or generally, the fluoro alkyl fluoro formate.
- Pyridine advantageously 4-dialkylaminopyridines, especially
- the reaction preferably is performed batch wise, e.g. in an autoclave. Alternatively, it can be performed continuously.
- reaction temperature can vary. For example, when a very effective catalyst is applied, the reaction may even be performed at ambient temperature. It has to be kept in mind, however, that in the case of formaldehyde as starting material, the monomeric form must be provided by cracking of
- the reaction preferably is performed at a temperature equal to or higher than 100 0 C. It is preferably performed at a temperature equal to or lower than 300 0 C.
- the reaction can be performed at a temperature equal to or higher than 0 0 C and equal to or lower than 200 0 C. It is preferred to perform the reaction at such an elevated temperature and/or for a sufficient time until the desired conversion has taken place.
- the pressure is selected such that at least a part of the carbonyl fluoride is present in the liquid phase.
- the pressure depends from the reaction temperature ; the higher the reaction temperature, the higher is the pressure in the reactor.
- the reaction can be performed at ambient pressure (about 1 Bar absolute).
- COF 2 can be introduced into the liquid reaction mixture or starting material though an immersed pipe.
- the reaction is performed at a pressure equal to or higher than 5 bar (abs.).
- the reaction is performed at a pressure equal to or lower than 50 bar (abs.). If, as done in one example, the reaction temperature is sufficiently high, the content of the reactor is in a supercritical state.
- the reaction vessel can be pressurized, if desired, with an inert gas, especially with nitrogen.
- the fluoroalkyl fluoro formates can be isolated from the reaction mixture according to methods known in the art, e.g. by distillation.
- the fluoro substituted formates formed can be applied for any purposes for which compounds with a C(O)F function or a FCH 2 O function are used. For example, they can be used as fluorinating agent or to introduce a protecting group in aminoacids or peptides.
- the formates are reacted, as described above, with an alcohol to produce fluoromethyl alkyl esters of carbonic acid.
- a preferred aspect of the present invention concerns a process comprising 2 or 3 steps for the manufacture of compounds of formula (I), FCHROC(O)-OR', wherein R denotes linear or branched alkyl with 1 to 5 C atoms or H and R' denotes linear or branched alkyl with 1 to 7 carbon atoms ; linear or branched alkyl with 2 to 7 carbon atoms substituted by at least one fluorine atom ; phenyl ; benzyl ; phenyl, substituted by 1 or more Cl to C3 alkyl groups atoms or phenyl substituted by 1 or more chlorine or fluorine atoms.
- This process is performed according to two alternatives.
- the first alternative comprises :
- FCHROC(O)F from carbonyl fluoride and an aldehyde RC(O)H wherein R denotes linear or branched alkyl with 1 to 5 C atoms or H ;
- the respective alkali metal alcoholate can be applied, for example, the respective potassium or sodium alcoholate.
- the group R preferably denotes H
- the aldehyde concerned is formaldehyde.
- the formaldehyde can be applied in the form of
- a preferred embodiment of this 2-step process according to the present invention provides for the manufacture of fluoromethyl alkyl carbonates comprising :
- the alcohol is selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, i-propanol, allyl alcohol, n-butanol and n-pentanol. Especially preferably, the alcohol is allyl alcohol, methanol or ethanol, and most preferably, methanol.
- Preferred embodiments of the steps are those already described above, especially what concerns the preferred use of a catalyst, using a formamide, especially dimethyl formamide, as preferred pre-catalyst in the first step, the pressure and temperature in the first and second step, the optional use of a base in the second step, the respective pressures, reaction temperatures etc ; the preferred embodiments described above for the respective reaction steps apply also for the 2-step process of the invention.
- the other alternative comprises a process which includes a Halex reaction.
- Another preferred aspect of the present invention concerns a process for the manufacture of compounds of formula (VI), R 1 R 2 N-C(O)-OCHFR, wherein R denotes linear or branched alkyl with 1 to 5 C atoms and R 1 and R 2 have the meaning given above. This process is performed according to two alternatives.
- the first alternative comprises :
- R denotes CH3 or H
- R" denotes 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, with the exception of 1-chloroethyl
- These intermediates can be prepared from 1-chloroalkyl chloro formates and a fluorinated alcohol or the alcoholate of a fluorinated alcohol, e.g. the lithium, sodium, potassium or cesium alcoholate of a fluorinated alcohol ;
- trifluoroethanolates are possibly instable. These intermediates can be used, as described, as starting material to produce the fluoroalkyl fluoroalkyl carbonates of the present invention. They can also be used as intermediates in chemical synthesis.
- the compounds can be used neat as a solvent in the Li ion batteries, or, as an additive, e.g. for reducing the viscosity of the solvent.
- the amount as an additive is, for example, in a range from 0.5 to 60 % by weight.
- CH 2 CHX wherein X is CH 2 , C 2 H 4 , preferably CH 2 , are suitable as monomers for copolymerization reactions.
- the autoclave was closed, evacuated and pressurized to about 5 bar (abs.) with dry nitrogen and evacuated again. Then, carbonyl fluoride (32 g ; 485 mmol) was given into the autoclave. The autoclave was heated overnight to about 230 0 C ; the pressure rose to about 35 bar (abs.). Then, the autoclave was cooled to ambient temperature, the pressure fell now to about 10 bar (abs.). Gaseous components of the autoclave were purged through a washer. The autoclave was then pressurized two times with nitrogen, each time up to a pressure of about 5 bar (abs.).
- fluoromethyl fluoro formate formed can be isolated by distillation.
- reaction mixture can be washed with water to remove water- soluble constituents. After drying, e.g. using MgSO 4 , fluoromethyl methyl carbonate can be isolated in pure form by distillation.
- fluoroethyl fluoro formate formed can be isolated by distillation.
- Example 4 Preparation of fluoroethyl methyl carbonate (“FlEMC")
- the boiling point was 50 0 C at a pressure of 200 mbar.
- fluoromethyl formate (27.0 g, 245 mmol) is given. Diethylamine (50.5 mL ; 0.490 mmol) is added dropwise at about 0 0 C. The mixture is stirred for 1 hour. Solids are filtered off, and the resulting liquid is subjected to a distillation to isolate pure fluoromethyl N,N-diethylcarbamate.
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Priority Applications (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
KR1020127003944A KR101751085B1 (en) | 2009-07-16 | 2010-07-08 | Process for the preparation of fluoroalkyl (fluoro)alkyl carbonates |
EP17160995.1A EP3214066B8 (en) | 2009-07-16 | 2010-07-08 | Process for the preparation of fluoroalkyl fluoroformates |
EP10728722.9A EP2454226B1 (en) | 2009-07-16 | 2010-07-08 | Process for the preparation of fluoroalkyl (fluoro)alkyl carbonates |
JP2012519980A JP5714578B2 (en) | 2009-07-16 | 2010-07-08 | Process for the preparation of fluoroalkyl (fluoro) alkyl carbonates and carbamates |
CN201080031475.7A CN102471222B (en) | 2009-07-16 | 2010-07-08 | Prepare the method for carbonic acid fluoroalkyl (fluorine) alkyl ester and carbamate |
US13/383,543 US9000204B2 (en) | 2009-07-16 | 2010-07-08 | Process for the preparation of fluoroalkyl (fluoro)alkyl carbonates and carbamates |
US14/661,500 US20150191414A1 (en) | 2009-07-16 | 2015-03-18 | Process for the preparation of fluoroalkyl (alkyl carbonates and carbamates |
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EP09165665.2 | 2009-07-16 | ||
EP09165665 | 2009-07-16 |
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US13/383,543 A-371-Of-International US9000204B2 (en) | 2009-07-16 | 2010-07-08 | Process for the preparation of fluoroalkyl (fluoro)alkyl carbonates and carbamates |
US14/661,500 Continuation US20150191414A1 (en) | 2009-07-16 | 2015-03-18 | Process for the preparation of fluoroalkyl (alkyl carbonates and carbamates |
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WO2011006822A1 true WO2011006822A1 (en) | 2011-01-20 |
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PCT/EP2010/059795 WO2011006822A1 (en) | 2009-07-16 | 2010-07-08 | Process for the preparation of fluoroalkyl (fluoro)alkyl carbonates and carbamates |
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US (2) | US9000204B2 (en) |
EP (2) | EP3214066B8 (en) |
JP (2) | JP5714578B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR101751085B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN102471222B (en) |
TW (1) | TW201119996A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2011006822A1 (en) |
Cited By (8)
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US8329344B2 (en) * | 2005-02-16 | 2012-12-11 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Electrolytic solution |
EP2602241A1 (en) | 2011-12-07 | 2013-06-12 | Solvay Sa | Process for the manufacture of 1, 1'-difluorosubstituted dialkyl carbonates, isomers thereof and electrolyte compositions containing them |
WO2014009377A1 (en) | 2012-07-13 | 2014-01-16 | Solvay Sa | Fluorinated carbonyl compounds comprising a triple bond, methods for their manufacture and uses thereof |
WO2014177704A1 (en) | 2013-05-02 | 2014-11-06 | Solvay Fluor Gmbh | Fluorinated carbonates as solvent for lithium sulfonimide-based electrolytes |
EP2824096A1 (en) | 2013-07-09 | 2015-01-14 | Solvay SA | Fluorinated carbonates comprising double bond-containing groups, methods for their manufacture and uses thereof |
EP2980063A1 (en) | 2014-07-29 | 2016-02-03 | Solvay SA | Fluorinated carbonates comprising two oxygen bearing functional groups |
EP3124479A1 (en) | 2015-07-29 | 2017-02-01 | Solvay SA | Method for the manufacture of fluorinated cyclic carbonates |
EP3309143A1 (en) | 2016-10-17 | 2018-04-18 | Solvay SA | Method for producing fluoroformate compounds |
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WO2016097129A1 (en) * | 2014-12-18 | 2016-06-23 | Solvay Sa | Electrolyte composition comprising fluorinated carbonate, and battery comprising the same |
EP4032138A1 (en) * | 2019-09-17 | 2022-07-27 | E3Trigen, Inc. | Fluorinated electrolyte additives |
CN114085148A (en) * | 2020-08-06 | 2022-02-25 | 天津市职业大学 | Preparation method and application of monofluoroethyl ethyl carbonate |
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2010
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- 2010-07-08 US US13/383,543 patent/US9000204B2/en active Active
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- 2010-07-08 JP JP2012519980A patent/JP5714578B2/en active Active
- 2010-07-08 CN CN201080031475.7A patent/CN102471222B/en active Active
- 2010-07-09 TW TW099122666A patent/TW201119996A/en unknown
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2015
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- 2015-03-18 US US14/661,500 patent/US20150191414A1/en not_active Abandoned
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