WO2011000126A1 - 脂溶性药物组合物、制备方法及其用途 - Google Patents
脂溶性药物组合物、制备方法及其用途 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011000126A1 WO2011000126A1 PCT/CN2009/000725 CN2009000725W WO2011000126A1 WO 2011000126 A1 WO2011000126 A1 WO 2011000126A1 CN 2009000725 W CN2009000725 W CN 2009000725W WO 2011000126 A1 WO2011000126 A1 WO 2011000126A1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/48—Preparations in capsules, e.g. of gelatin, of chocolate
- A61K9/4841—Filling excipients; Inactive ingredients
- A61K9/4866—Organic macromolecular compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/10—Dispersions; Emulsions
- A61K9/107—Emulsions ; Emulsion preconcentrates; Micelles
- A61K9/1075—Microemulsions or submicron emulsions; Preconcentrates or solids thereof; Micelles, e.g. made of phospholipids or block copolymers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
- A61K9/2004—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
- A61K9/2022—Organic macromolecular compounds
- A61K9/2027—Organic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyvinyl pyrrolidone, poly(meth)acrylates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
- A61K9/2004—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
- A61K9/2022—Organic macromolecular compounds
- A61K9/2031—Organic macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyethylene glycol, polyethylene oxide, poloxamers
Definitions
- Fat-soluble drug sputum composition preparation method and use thereof
- the present invention relates to novel pharmaceutical compositions, methods of preparation, and uses thereof.
- Fat-soluble drugs have low bioavailability due to poor water solubility, resulting in low effective utilization of drugs.
- the release-absorption of fat-soluble drugs in pharmaceutical preparations is directly related to the specific surface area of the drug. Therefore, if the dissolution characteristics of the fat-soluble drug are improved, the bioavailability can be improved, thereby reducing the dose administered and reducing the individual difference of the drug.
- Fenofibrate is a second-generation phenoxy aryl acid drug developed by the French company Foumier and launched in the United States in 1998.
- Fenofibrate Because of its good lipid-lowering effect, it has been widely used in clinical practice. Fenofibrate has a good effect, but it is not dissolved in water, and the dissolution is insufficient, resulting in low bioavailability after oral administration. In the digestive tract, its absorption after oral administration is only about 50-60%. Its bioavailability is incomplete and varies from person to person, with individual differences. It is generally required to use with food to improve bioavailability. Therefore, the specific surface area of the drug is used as an effective means for improving drug release-absorption in a number of patents. The specific surface area of the drug in the solid preparation is determined by the solid particle size of the drug. Therefore, reducing the particle size of the active ingredient is an effective means to improve bioavailability.
- micronization at present, micronization, co-micronization with surfactants, and solid dispersion techniques are often used to solve the problem of low dissolution.
- Chinese patent: 00810146.9 the use of micronized fenofibrate combined with an adhesive fiber derivative as a solubilizing aid and a surfactant to achieve the purpose of improving the bioavailability of the active ingredient.
- CN98801884.5 and EPA0330532 disclose a method for extracting fenofibrate bioavailability by using a surfactant micro-micronization technique. For example, co-micronization with sodium dodecyl sulfate, the bioavailability of fenofibrate.
- This solution is a suspension of a hydrophilic polymer, micronized fenofibrate, surfactant.
- the suspension is sprayed onto an inert water-soluble solid support to prepare a pharmaceutical composition in the form of a single layer or a plurality of layers of particles.
- the micronized fenofibrate particle size is less than 20 ⁇ ⁇ .
- the surfactant here serves to solubilize and solubilize.
- Another process for the preparation of the process is disclosed, for example, in US Pat. No. 7,276, 249 and U.S. Patent No. 7,320, 802. Unlike CN98801884.5 and ⁇ 0330532, the concept of surface stabilizers is introduced into the composition.
- the micronized fenofibrate particle size (D 99 ) is required to be less than 500 nm.
- the micronized fenofibrate particle size (D 5Q ) is less than 350 nm.
- No. 5,545,628 discloses a preparation process for preparing a high bioavailability Norbert formulation by solid dispersion technique using polyethylene glycol lauric acid glyceride (trade name, GELUCIRE) GELUCIRE 44/14 as a dispersion carrier.
- the amount is equivalent to 0.7 to 1.5 times the weight of fenofibrate, and the amount is relatively high, and its main function is as a dispersed phase.
- Hydrophilic adjuvants such as Carbowax 20,000 and Polyoxamer 407 are added to further enhance the dissolution and improve the mechanical strength of the composition.
- HLB hydrophilicity and lipophilicity
- sustained-release is to control the release rate of the drug or to change the release site of the drug. In most cases, it is necessary to slow down the release rate of the drug in order to obtain a stable blood concentration, and then obtain a good therapeutic effect.
- the basic principle of sustained-release preparations is to control the release rate of the drug by controlling/reducing the contact area of the drug. However, increasing bioavailability requires an increase in drug contact area and a reduction in drug contact area to control drug release rate. For fat-soluble/fat-soluble drugs, this is a contradiction that seems impossible to solve. Summary of the invention
- the present invention provides a stable solid dosage form of high bioavailability of a fat-soluble drug.
- the present invention also provides a process for preparing a formulation of such a composition.
- the fat-soluble pharmaceutical composition prepared according to the present invention can significantly improve dissolution and bioavailability in vitro. Sustained release release characteristics in a specific ratio, continuous and intact state.
- the present inventors have found that the high bioavailability preparations mainly involve two processes, such as micronization, co-micronization of surfactants, and solid dispersion technology, which are involved in improving the bioavailability of fat-soluble drugs. Process factors, first, how to obtain small particle size active ingredient particles. Second, how to make the small particle size active ingredient particles evenly dispersed.
- the inventors have creatively proposed the technical solution of the present invention by integrating the principles of non-aqueous titration, similar phase dissolution, solid dispersion, emulsification and self-emulsification, solid liposome and the like.
- the principle of the scheme is explained as follows - referring to the principle of non-aqueous titration, the inventors defined a hydrophilic raw material/excipient in a molten state as a pseudo-aqueous phase, and a lipophilic raw material/excipient in a molten state is defined as a pseudo-oil phase. There are polar differences between them because of the different groups they carry.
- the fat-soluble active ingredient and the fat-soluble auxiliary material can be uniformly mixed under hot-melting conditions, and when cooled, solid dispersion can be formed, and the original crystal form of the drug can be destroyed.
- the use of a suitable nonionic surfactant can produce an emulsification effect, which tends to stabilize the entire mixture system.
- the droplet volume is reduced to a stable state, and the addition of the hydrophobic polymer material hinders the occurrence of crystallization of the active component during the cooling process, thereby increasing the stability of the preparation.
- the droplet volume can be further reduced during the preparation process using high pressure homogenization and ultrasonic vibration.
- the inventors have surprisingly found that in the composition, the polyethylene glycol fatty acid glyceride compound can significantly lower the freezing point of each component of the composition, which further enhances the feasibility of industrial production. versus
- US5545628 uses polyethylene glycol laurate (trade name, GELUCIRE) GELUCIRE 44/14 for different purposes.
- GELUCIRE polyethylene glycol laurate
- the present invention uses polyethylene glycol fatty acid glycerides which are not dispersed as active ingredients. Used with media and carrier.
- the melt-emulsified solid dispersion method produces a phase change under hot melt conditions, the continuous phase hydrophilic material (such as PEG) forms a hydrophilic skeleton, and the lipophilic active ingredient is dispersed in the hydrophobic material to form a dispersed phase, due to the emulsifier The effect spontaneously forms small particle size particles.
- the structure is retained, and it is presumed to form a structure as illustrated in Fig. 1.
- the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: In the preparation process, only the fat-soluble active ingredient and the hydrophilic or water-miscible polymer are required.
- Material, hydrophobic polymer material, non-ionic surfactant with HLB value of 10-20, the stabilizing agent can be simply stirred and mixed under heating conditions, and mixed into a desired dosage form by mixing.
- Hydrophilic or water-miscible ⁇ molecular material is the continuous phase, hydrophobic polymer material and fat-soluble drug As a dispersed phase. Emulsification is carried out during the stirring in a molten state with a suitable nonionic surfactant.
- the stabilizing agent lowers the freezing point of the composition and is filled, sprayed or cooled under galvanizing conditions.
- a fat-soluble pharmaceutical composition comprising: an effective amount of a fat-soluble drug; a hydrophilic or water-miscible polymer material; a hydrophobic polymer material; a nonionic surfactant having a HLB value of 10-20;
- the soluble drug forms a melt-emulsion solid dispersion with the remaining components of the composition.
- the hydrophilic or water-miscible polymer material is selected from one or more of polyethylene glycol having a degree of polymerization of 600 to 20,000, poloxamer, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and polyvinyl alcohol. Kind of mixture.
- the hydrophobic polymer material is selected from the group consisting of glycerides, semi-synthetic glycerides, fatty acid esters, higher fatty acids, and mixtures of several higher alcohols.
- Glycerides such as glyceryl behenate (trade name Compritol 888 ATO, Gattefoss 6 in France), semi-synthetic glycerides such as Suppocire (Gettefoss 0, France) ; fatty acid esters such as glyceryl palmitate J (ester name Precirol AT05, Gattefosse, France) Higher fatty acids such as stearic acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid; higher alcohols such as cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol.
- the nonionic surfactant having an HLB value of 10-20 is selected from the group consisting of polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate, sucrose fatty acid ester, polyethylene glycol fatty acid glyceride, polyoxyethylene sorbate (trade name, Tween), polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil (trade name Cremoprilor, BASF, Germany), polyoxyethylene castor oil (LABRASOL BASF, Germany), poloxamer, cholesterol, cholate, polyhydroxyl mixture.
- the fat-soluble composition preferably comprises a co-stabilizer.
- the co-stabilizer is selected from the group consisting of ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, polyglycol fatty acid glyceride polymer, such as polyethylene glycol caprylic/capric glyceride, polyethylene glycol stearate, poly A mixture of one or more of ethylene glycol lauric acid glycerides. Co-stabilizers can reduce the solidification of the composition.
- the fat-soluble pharmaceutical composition comprises, by weight of the composition, the following components by weight: 5 to 50%; preferably 10 to 30%; particularly preferably 15 to 25%; hydrophilic or miscible with water 40 ⁇ 90%; preferably 45 ⁇ 70%); particularly preferably 50-60%; Hydrophobic polymer material 0.5-50%; preferably 10 ⁇ 30% ; particularly preferably 15-25%;
- the fat-soluble pharmaceutical composition wherein the fat-soluble drug is a drug capable of being dissolved in an organic solvent, and the n-octanol/water partition coefficient is more than 2, generally insoluble in water, and the oral bioavailability is not high.
- the fat-soluble drug is a drug capable of being dissolved in an organic solvent, and the n-octanol/water partition coefficient is more than 2, generally insoluble in water, and the oral bioavailability is not high.
- chemical synthetic drugs Chinese herbal extracts, biotechnology drugs.
- the types include cardio-cerebral vascular drugs, cancer drugs, antibiotic drugs, vitamin drugs, immune system drugs, hormonal drugs, diabetes drugs, Chinese medicine extracts, etc.
- the fat-soluble drug is preferably selected from the group consisting of phenoxy aryl acids, dihydropyridines, statins, fat-soluble vitamins, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, griseofulvin, orlistat, gifedipine, hi Alkaloids, paclitaxel, and isomers, solvates, polymorphs, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
- Common phenoxy aryl acids are fenofibrate, clofibrate, gemfibrozil, bezafibrate, etc.; dihydropyridines include nifedipine, amlodipine, nicardipine, and nitren Equality, statins include simvastatin, atorvastatin, etc.; fat-soluble vitamins include vitamins A, D, E, K; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs include ibuprofen, indomethacin and the like.
- fat-soluble drugs are selected from the group consisting of fenofibrate, nifedipine, lovastatin, carvedilol, griseofulvin, orlistat, gefitral ester, camptothecin, paclitaxel, silymarin. Most preferred is fenofibrate.
- the preparation method of the fat-soluble pharmaceutical composition is as follows
- a fat-soluble pharmaceutical composition for the preparation of an oral solid preparation, preferably for the preparation of dropping pills, suppositories, capsules and tablets.
- the preparation method of the dropping pills can be obtained by the ordinary dropping method after melting; the preparation method of the suppository can be obtained by cooling the mold after melting; the capsule can be used to keep the molten liquid into the gelatin capsule or the plant capsule (cellulose capsule).
- the tablet can be rapidly cooled and cooled on a thin plate, pulverized, and added with or without other auxiliary materials.
- the composition of the present invention is pulverized and administered in the form of granules, a catastrophic agent, a filled capsule or the like. Because the drug is well dispersed, it has a very small particle size and an extremely large surface area, allowing rapid and complete dissolution.
- Preparation apparatus A reactor having a heat retention and heating device and a stirring device. Need to stir evenly, the stirring speed is stable, and the rotation speed should be adjustable. High-pressure homogenization and ultrasonic vibration devices can also be added to improve the quality of the preparation.
- the filling device should have a heat preservation function and allow the molten material to flow out evenly.
- the invention has the advantages that the process of drug micronization and micronized drug dispersion is completed in one step by utilizing the physical and chemical properties of the raw materials themselves.
- the preparation process is simple, the prepared composition is completely dissolved outside, and the bioavailability is high. It has a sustained release release characteristic in a specific ratio, continuous and complete state, and an immediate release characteristic in a dispersed state.
- the micronization of the drug and the dispersion of the micronized drug are spontaneously completed; the formed micronized drug has a small particle size, which can effectively improve the bioavailability; A technique for stabilizing and impeding crystal growth, which is more stable.
- the hydrophobicity of the excipient itself the purpose of delaying drug release can be achieved. It has a sustained release release characteristic in a specific ratio, continuous and sputum state.
- the formed hydrophilic skeleton the release of the drug is not affected by the acid and alkali, and is not affected by the food factor, thereby reducing the possibility of bioavailability difference due to individual differences.
- Citrate (C.ompritol 888 ATO)
- PEG-6000 polyethylene glycol with a degree of polymerization of 6000
- Polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil (Cremophor El) The material was added to a 50 ml beaker, heated to about 80 Torr for melting, and stirred at low speed for about 10 minutes. Insulation at 55 ° C, filling 0 gelatin hard capsules or plant capsules. Take this product, according to the dissolution method of the European Pharmacopoeia, using the device of the second method of dissolution measurement,
- 2% Tween 80 solution 1000ml is the dissolution medium, the rotation speed is 75 rpm, and it is operated according to law. 10 ml of the solution was filtered through 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 hours, and 10 ml of the above dissolution medium was replenished in the operation container in time; 2 ml of the continuous filtrate was accurately weighed in a 50 ml volumetric flask, and diluted to the scale with the dissolution medium. Shake well and measure the absorbance at 288 nm by spectrophotometry (Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2005 Edition Appendix IA).
- Example 2 In order to observe the dispersion effect of the drug, the product prepared in the prescription of Example 1 was dissolved in distilled water, and the eluate was taken, centrifuged at 4000 rpm for 4 minutes, and the precipitate was centrifuged, and after reconstitution, electron microscopic observation was carried out. No osmium tetroxide vapor dyeing was observed, and the average particle size of the drug-containing particles was found to be around ⁇ ⁇ . See Figure 2.
- Example 3 The product obtained in Example 1 was used in the same dosage as the commercially available sustained release preparation ( Libifi 3 ⁇ 4 ). Beagle dogs were used as research objects. It was divided into a reference group and a test group.
- the reference group was given a commercial profit (adjusted dose to 200 mg), and the test group gave the product obtained in Example 1 (200rag dose), 3 in each group.
- the plasma concentration-time curves of the two formulations in beagle dogs are shown in Figure 3.
- Glyceryl citrate (Compritol 888 ATO)
- PEG-6000 polyethylene glycol with a degree of polymerization of 6000
- Polyoxyethylene castor oil The above materials were placed in a 50 ml beaker, heated to about 90 Torr for melting, and stirred at low speed for about 10 minutes. 55 ° C insulation, filling mold, cooling into a plug. Take this product, according to the European Pharmacopoeia dissolution test method, using the second method of dissolution measurement method, with 2% Tween 80 solution 1000ml as the dissolution medium, the rotation speed is 75 rpm, according to the law.
- the above materials were added to a 50 ml beaker, heated to about 90 ° C for melting, and stirred at low speed for about 10 minutes.
- the melt is rapidly cooled on the thin plate, pulverized, and the flow-assisting agent micro-silica gel is added and mixed, and then the No. 0 capsule is filled.
- Dissolution of this product according to the dissolution method (Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2005 edition of the second appendix XC second method), with 0.54% sodium lauryl sulfate solution 1000ml as solvent, the rotation speed is 50 rpm, according to the law, by 10, 15, 30 min sample, take the solution 10ml filtration, the precise amount of filtrate amount, with methanol - water: dilute (41) per 1ml of solution containing about 10 ⁇ 8.
- Another appropriate amount of griseofulvin reference substance accurately weighed, dissolved in the above solvent and quantitatively diluted to make a solution containing ⁇ per 1ml.
- Polyoxyethylene castor oil 0.4g. See Method 1 for the preparation method.
- the distilled water was stirred and dissolved, and the eluate was taken and centrifuged at 4000 rpm for 4 minutes.
- the precipitate was centrifuged, reconstituted, and observed under an electron microscope.
- the cerium oxide vapor was not dyed, and the visible particle size was about 2 ⁇ .
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Description
脂溶性药麴组合物、 制备方法及其用途
技术领域 本发明涉及新型药物组合物、 制备方法及其用途。 技术背景 脂溶性药物由于水溶性差, 导致生物利用度较低, 导致药物的有效利用率低。 药物制剂中脂溶性药物的释放 -吸收与药物的比表面积大小有直接的的关系。 因此, 如果改善脂溶性药物的溶出特性, 就可以提高生物利用度, 进而降低给药剂量并减 少药物的个体差异。 以具有代表性的脂溶性药物非诺贝特为例, 非诺贝特(Fenofibrate)为第二代苯 氧芳酸类药物, 由法国 Foumier公司开发, 于 1998年在美国开始上市。 因其具备良 好的调脂作用, 因而在临床上得到了广泛应用。 非诺贝特具有良好的疗效, 但由于在水中不溶解, 溶出度不足, 导致口服后生 物利用度低。 在消化道, 其口服后吸收只有约 50-60%。 其生物利用度不完全, 而且 因人而异, 个体差异较大。 一般情况下要求与食物一起使用以提髙生物利用度。 因此在多项专利中都将药物的比表面积大小作为提高药物释放-吸收的有效手 段。 在固体制剂中药物的比表面积大小决定于药物的固体颗粒粒径。 因此减少活性 成分的粒径成为了提高生物利用度的有效手段。 目前常使用微粉化、 与表面活性剂共微粉化及固体分散体技术来解决溶出度低 的问题。 如中国专利: 00810146.9,釆用微粉化的非诺贝特与作为增溶助剂的粘合性纤维 衍生物以及表面活性剂的结合来达到提高活性成分的生物利用度的目的。
另如 CN98801884.5与 EPA0330532公开了采用与表面活性剂共微粉化技术提髙 非诺贝特生物利用度的方法。 例如与十二垸基硫酸钠的共微粉化, 提髙非诺贝特的 生物利用度。 该方案是制备亲水性的聚合物、 微粒化的非诺贝特、 的表面活性剂组 成的悬浮液。 并将该悬浮液喷涂到惰性水溶性固体支持物上, 制备单层或多层粒子 形式的药物组合物。 其中微粒化的非诺贝特粒径小于 20μ§。 此处的表面活性剂起到的是增溶、 助溶 的作用。 如 US7276249与 US7320802公开了另一种制备的工艺, 其工艺的实质也是采用 了微粉化(研磨法、 均质法、 沉淀法)技术。 与 CN98801884.5与 ΕΡΑ0330532不同 的是其组合物中引入了表面稳定剂的概念。 在这项专利中, 要求微粒化的非诺贝特 粒径 (D99)小于 500nm。 微粒化的非诺贝特粒径 (D5Q)小于 350nm。 原料的微粉化与共微粉化过程耗费时间长且花费巨大。 此外, 在胶囊制剂的灌 装过程中可能会产生较大的装量差异, 进而影响药品的质量。
US5545628 公开了一种制备工艺, 该方案釆用固体分散技术制备高生物利用度 的 诺贝特制剂, 利用聚乙二醇月桂酸甘油酯 (商品名, GELUCIRE) GELUCIRE 44/14来作为分散载体, 其用量相当于非诺贝特重量的 0.7~1.5倍, 用量较高, 其主 要作用是作为分散相。 并加入亲水性的辅料如 Carbowax 20,000、 Polyoxamer 407来 进一步提高组合物的溶出效果和改善机械强度。 但是由于原、 辅料之间因为亲水性与亲油性(HLB)、 黏度、 密度等因素存在差 异, 即使在熔融状态下也可能产生熔融液分层的现象, 该类做法并不能完全的保证 非诺贝特的均匀分散。 因此需要加入具有助悬作用的纤维素衍生物如羟丙基纤维素或髙分子聚合物如 Polyoxamer, Povidone来起到悬浮稳定的作用。而这种悬浮稳定剂需要加到较大的比 例才能产生效果。 在某些方面, 在提高生物利用度的同时又要避免血药浓度的剧烈波动, 制备贝
特类的缓控释制剂是理想的选择。
' 缓控释是要控制药物的释放速度或是改变药物的释放部位, 多数情况下是需要 减缓药物释放速度, 以求得到平稳的血药浓度, 进而得到良好的治疗效果。 而缓释 制剂的基本原理是以控制 /减小药物的接触面积来控制药物的释放速度。 但是提高生物利用度需要增大药物接触面积, 需要减少药物接触面积以控制药 物的释放速度。 对于脂溶性 /脂溶性药物, 这是看似无法解决的矛盾。 发明内容
^了克服上述问题, 本发明提供了一种脂溶性药物的高生物利用度的稳定固体 剂型。 同时, 本发明还提供制备这种组合物制剂的制备方法。 按本发明制备的脂溶性药物组合物可显著提高体外溶出度及生物利用度。在特 定配比、 连续且完整的状态下具备缓释释放特征。 本发明人通过对提高脂溶性药物生物利用度所涉及的微粉化、 与表面活性剂共 微粉化及固体分散体技术等多个工艺的分析后发现, 该类高生物利用度的制剂主要 涉及两个工艺因素, 一、 如何得到小粒径的活性成分粒子。 二、 如何使小粒径的活 性成分粒子均匀分散。 针对以上两个问题, 本发明人综合非水滴定、 相似相溶、 固体分散、 乳化与自 乳化、 固体脂质体等技术的原理, 创造性的提出了本发明的技术方案。 该方案原理做如下解释- 借鉴非水滴定的原理, 本发明人将熔融状态下的亲水性原 /辅料定义为伪水相, 熔融状态下的亲脂性原 /辅料定义为伪油相。 他们之间因为所带基团不同而存在极 性差异。 当差异足够大时, 两种熔融状态的伪水相与伪油相之间就会出现明显的分 层现象。
借鉴相似相溶的原理, 脂溶性的的活性成分与脂溶性的辅料在热融条件下可以 均匀混合, 当冷却时就可以形成固体分散, 同时可以破坏药物原有的结晶形态。 借鉴乳化与自乳化的原理, 当伪水相与伪油相存在较大的极性差异时, 使用合 适的非离子表面活性剂就可以产生乳化效果, 使整个混合物体系趋于稳定。 由于分 散相与连续相的比例不同, 且受密度、 凝固点等多种因素影响, 在冷却固化后这种 稳定的体系将得到保留。 与传统对乳化的认识不尽相同的是, 该种乳化行为是在材 料受热发生相变的情况下产生的。 这种乳化行为是本发明的重点所在。 借鉴固体脂质体的原理, 通过具有乳化功能的非离子表面活性剂的作用, 使活 性^分与疏水性高分子材料混融的液滴在熔融状态下因为表面张力 /表面能的变化而 自发减小液滴体积至稳定状态, 同时疏水性高分子材料的加入, 阻碍了冷却过程中 活性成分产生结晶的发生,增加了制剂的稳定性。 在制备过程中如使用高压均质与超 声震荡可以进一步的减少液滴体积。 本发明人惊奇的发现, 在该组合物中, 聚乙二醇脂肪酸甘油酯类化合物可以显 著降低组合物各组分的凝固点, 这就可以进一步的提高工业生产的可行性。 与
US5545628使用聚乙二醇月桂酸甘油酯(商品名, GELUCIRE) GELUCIRE 44/14的 •目的不同, 当作为助稳定剂使用时, 本发明采用聚乙二醇脂肪酸甘油酯类不是作为 活性成分的分散介质和载体而使用的。 釆用熔融乳化固体分散方法,在热熔融条件下产生相变,连续相亲水性材料(如 PEG)形成亲水性骨架, 而亲脂性的活性成分分散于疏水性材料形成分散相的, 由 于乳化剂的作用自发形成小粒径微粒。 冷却后该结构得到保留, 推测形成如附图 1 示意的结构: 本发明采用的技术方案是: 在制备过程中, 只需要将脂溶性活性成分及亲水性 或可与水混溶的高分子材料, 疏水性高分子材料, HLB值在 10-20的非离子表面活 性剂, 助稳定剂在加热条件下简单搅拌混合, 镕融混合制备成所需剂型即可。 以亲水性或可与水混溶的髙分子材料为连续相, 疏水性高分子材料与脂溶性药
物作为分散相。 以合适的非离子表面活性剂在熔融状态下, 在搅拌过程中进行乳化。 助稳定剂降低组合物凝固点, 在保温条件下灌装、 喷涂或冷却粉碎成型。 如下详细叙述本发明的技术方案。 脂溶性药物组合物, 包括: 有效量的脂溶性药物; 亲水性或可与水混溶的高分 子材料; 疏水性高分子材料; HLB值在 10-20的非离子表面活性剂; 其中脂溶性药 物与组合物中剩余组分形成熔融乳化固体分散体。 所述亲水性或可与水混溶的高分子材料, 选自聚合度为 600-20000的聚乙二醇、 泊洛沙姆、 聚乙烯吡咯焼酮、 聚乙烯醇中的一种或几种的混合物。 所述疏水性高分子材料选自甘油酯、 半合成甘油酯、 脂肪酸酯、 高级脂肪酸、 高级醇的一种或几种的混合物。 甘油酯如山嵛酸甘油酯(商品名 Compritol 888 ATO, 法国 Gattefoss6)、 半合成甘油酯如 Suppocire (法国 Gattefoss0); 脂肪酸酯类如甘油 榈酸 J更脂酸酯 (商品名 Precirol AT05, 法国 Gattefosse); 高级脂肪酸类例如硬脂 酸、 肉豆蔻酸、 棕榈酸; 高级醇类例如鲸蜡醇、 十八烷醇。 所述 HLB值在 10-20的非离子表面活性剂选自聚氧乙烯山梨糖醇酐单油酸酯、 蔗糖脂肪酸酯、 聚乙二醇脂肪酸甘油酯、 聚氧乙烯山梨酯 (商品名, Tween)、 聚氧 乙烯氢化蓖麻油 (商品名 Cremoplior, 德国 BASF)、 聚氧乙烯蓖麻油 (LABRASOL 德国 BASF)、 泊洛沙姆、 胆固醇、 胆酸盐、 聚羟体的一种或几种的混合物。 脂溶性组合物, 优选包括助稳定剂。 所述的助稳定剂选自乙二醇单乙基醚、 聚 ^二醇脂肪酸甘油酯类聚合物, 如聚乙二醇辛酸 /癸酸甘油酯,聚乙二醇硬脂酸甘油 酯,聚乙二醇月桂酸甘油酯的一种或几种的混合物。 助稳定剂可以降低组合物凝固 占。 脂溶性药物组合物, 基于组合物总重量, 包括如下重量百分比的组分: 脂溶性药物 5~50%; 优选 10-30%; 特别优选 15-25%; 亲水性或可与水混溶的高分子材料 40~90%;优选 45〜70%);特别优选 50-60%;
疏水性高分子材料 0.5-50%;优选 10~30%; 特别优选 15-25%;
HLB值在 10-20的非离子表面活性剂 0.1~10% (w/w); 优选 1~10%; 特别优选 4-6%; 助稳定剂优选 0.5〜5%, 优选 1~4%; 特别优选 2~3%。 所述的脂溶性药物组合物, 其中所述脂溶性药物为在有机溶剂中能够溶解的药 物, 正辛醇 /水分配系数大于 2, 一般在水中难溶解, 其口服生物利用度不高。 包括 化学合成药品、 中药提取物、 生物技术药品。 其类型包括心脑血管药物、 癌症用药、 抗生素用药、 维生素类药物、 免疫系统用药、 激素类用药、 糖尿病用药、 中药提取 物等 P 这些药物最好是符合生物药剂学分类系统(biopharmaceutical classification system, BCS )之第 II类, 难溶, 但是渗透性良好。 所述脂溶性药物优选自苯氧芳酸类药物、 二氢吡啶类药物、 他汀类药物、 脂溶 性维生素、 非甾体抗炎药、 灰黄霉素、 奥利司他、 吉法酯、 喜树碱、 紫杉醇, 及其 异构体、 溶剂化物、 多晶型、 药学上可接受的盐。 苯氧芳酸类药物常见的有非诺贝特、 氯贝丁酯、 吉非贝齐、 苯扎贝特等; 二氢 吡啶类药物包括硝苯地平、 氨氯地平、 尼卡地平、 尼群地平等, 他汀类包括辛伐他 汀、 阿托伐他汀等; 脂溶性维生素包括维生素 A、 D、 E、 K; 非甾体抗炎药包括布 洛芬、 吲哚美辛等。 更优选的脂溶性药物选自非诺贝特、 硝苯地平、 洛伐他汀、 卡维地洛、 灰黄霉 素、 奥利司他、 吉法酯、 喜树碱、 紫杉醇、 水飞蓟素。 最优选非诺贝特。 所述的脂溶性药物组合物的制备方法, 如下
I ) 将脂溶性药物、 亲水性或可与水混溶的高分子材料、 疏水性高分子材料、 助稳 定剂、 HLB值在 10-20的非离子表面活性剂混合;
II )在持续加热条件下,使物料熔融制备成澄清通明的液体;
in)在保温条件下灌装、 喷涂或冷却粉碎后成型; 优选的, 在熔融后包含超声震荡或高压均质过程, 使溶融后液体更均匀。 脂溶性药物组合物在制备口服固体制剂中的用途, 优选用于用于制备滴丸、 栓 剂、 胶囊和片剂。 如滴丸的制备方法可以采用熔融后普通滴制法制得; 栓剂的制备方法可以采用 熔融后灌模冷却制得;胶囊剂可以采用将熔融液保温滴入明胶胶囊或者植物胶囊(纤 维素胶囊) 中, 冷却成型得; 片剂可以将熔融液在薄板上迅速冷却冷却, 粉碎, 加 入或不加入其他辅料压片而得。 当然, 当需要本发明的组合物作为速释的给药形式时, 将组合物粉碎, 以颗粒、 混暴剂、 填充胶囊等形式给药。 因为药物已经充分分散, 具有极小的粒径和极大 的表面积, 可以快速完全的溶出。 制备装置: 具有保温与加热装置、 搅拌装置的反应器。 需要搅拌均匀, 搅拌速 度稳定, 转速应可调节。 也可以加装高压均质和超声震荡装置提高制剂质量。 灌装 装置应可以具备保温功能, 并可使熔融物料均匀流出。 本发明的优点是: 利用原辅料本身的物理化学性质, 在一步操作中完成药物微 粒化与微粒化药物分散的过程。 制备工艺简单, 所制得组合物体外溶出完全, 生物 利用度高。 在特定配比、 连续且完整的状态下具备缓释释放特征, 在分散状态下具 有速释特征。 在制备过程中, 通过控制表面张力的变化, 使药物的微粒化与微粒化药物的分 散自发完成; 形成的微粒化药物粒径较小, 可以有效提髙生物利用度; 由于采用了 乳化、 助稳定和阻碍结晶生长的技术, 该种制剂手段更加稳定。 利用辅料本身的疏水性, 可以达到延缓药物释放的目的。 在特定配比、 连续且 耷 状态下具备缓释释放特征。
利用所形成的亲水性骨架,使药物的释放不受酸碱的影响,不受食物因素影响, 减少了因个体差异产生生物利用度差异的可能性。 适量表面活性剂与的助稳定剂的加入也减低了组合物的凝固点, 在保温条件下 该组合物可进行灌装、 喷涂或冷却粉碎成型。 生产工艺简单, 成本低, 质量更加可 控。 附图说明 图 1.脂溶性药物组合物内部结构示意图。 药物(1 )溶解在疏水性高分子材料 (2)中,在 HLB值在 10-20的非离子表面活性剂(3 )的包裹下形成含药微粒(10), 含药微粒 ( 10)均匀分散在亲水性或可与水混溶的髙分子材料 (20) 中。 ': : 图 2.含药微粒电镜图。实施例 1制备的脂溶性药物组合物按照实施例 2的方法 在电镜下的视图, 可见含药微粒 ( 10)平均粒径在 Ιμηι左右。
' '图 3. 实施例 1制备的组合物(口)与市售参比制剂利必非 (△)两种制剂在比 格犬体内血药浓度-时间曲线图。 具体实施方式 下列实施例说明本发明而不限制本发明 实施例 U 非诺贝特
山嵛酸甘油酯 (C.ompritol 888 ATO)
PEG-6000 (聚合度为 6000的聚乙二醇)
聚乙二醇月桂酸甘油酯(GELUCIRE 44/14)
聚氧乙烯氢化蓖麻油 ( Cremophor El ) 将物料加入 50ml的烧杯,加热至约 80Ό熔融,低速搅拌约 10分钟。 55°C保温, 灌装 0号明胶硬胶囊或者植物胶囊。
取本品, 按欧洲药典的溶出度检查方法, 采用溶出度测定法第二法的装置, 以
2%的吐温 80溶液 1000ml为溶出介质、 转速为每分钟 75转, 依法操作。 经 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6小时分别取溶液 10ml滤过,并及时在操作容器中补充上述溶出介质 10ml; 精密量取 2ml续滤液于 50ml容量瓶中, 以溶出介质稀释到刻度, 摇匀, 照分光光度 法(中国药典 2005版附录 IVA)在 288nm处测定吸收度。另取非诺贝特对照品 20mg, 置于 100ml容量瓶中, 少量甲醇溶解, 以 2%的吐温 80溶液定溶到刻度, 摇匀, 精 密量取 2ml溶液到 50ml容量瓶中,以溶出介质稀释到刻度,摇勾,照分光光度法(中 国药典 2005版附录 IVA)在 288nm处测定吸收度。分别计算每粒在不同时间的释放 度。 累积溶出见表 1, 结果表明在特定配比、 连续且完整的状态下具备缓释释放特
表 1
实施例 2 为观察药物的分散效果, 取实施例 1 处方制备的产品, 蒸馏水搅拌溶解, 取溶 出液, 4000rpm离心 4分钟, 取离心沉淀物, 复溶后, 进行电镜观察。未进行四氧化 锇蒸汽熏染, 可见含药微粒平均粒径在 Ι μι 左右。 见附图 2。 实施例 3 采用实施例 1所得到的产品, 与市售缓释制剂(利必非¾)进行对比, 采用相同 剂量。 以比格犬作为研究对象。 分为参比组和受试组, 参比组给市售利必非 (调整 剂量至 200mg),受试组给实施例 1所得到的产品 (200rag剂量), 每组 3只。 禁食 12小时后给药, 在给药后 0、 1、 2、 3、 4、 5、 6、 7、 8、 10、 12、 24小时
取血, 制备血浆, 以甲醇沉淀法处理血浆。 得到样品进样。 以萘普生为内标, 非诺 特酸为标准品。 计算血浆中的非诺贝特酸含量, 评价该类制剂的生物利用度。 两种制剂在比格犬体内血药浓度-时间曲线见附图 3。 基于 AUC的相对生物利用度 (实施例 1/利必非 ¾200mg): 342%. 相对 Cmax (实施例 1/利必非 ¾200mg) :419%. 研究结果表明实施例 1组合物 Cmax增高, 生物利用度提高, 体内且具有缓释 效果。 实施例 4s 非诺贝特
山嵛酸甘油酯 (Compritol 888 ATO )
PEG-6000 (聚合度为 6000的聚乙二醇)
聚乙二醇月桂酸甘油酯(GELUCIRE 44/14)
聚氧乙烯氢化蓖麻油 (Cremophor El) 将上述物料加入 50ml的烧杯, 加热至约 80°C熔融, 低速搅拌约 10分钟。 熔融 液在薄板上迅速冷却, 粉碎, 加入助流剂微粉硅胶混合均匀后, 灌装 0号胶囊。 取本品, 按欧洲药典的溶出度检査方法, 釆用溶出度测定法第二法的装置, 以 2%的吐温 80溶液 1000ml为溶出介质、转速为每分钟 75转, 依法操作。经 10、 15、 30分钟取样。 测定方法同实施例 1。 累积溶出见表 2。 结果表明组合物在分散状态作为给药形式下具有速释特征, 表明达到了增加溶出的目的。
表 2
甘油棕榈酸硬脂酸酯 (Precirol AT05 )
泊洛沙姆 407
聚氧乙烯氢化蓖麻油
聚氧乙烯蓖麻油 将上述物料加入 50ml的烧杯,加热至约 90Ό熔融,低速搅拌约 10分钟。 55°C 保温, 灌模, 冷却成栓。 取本品, 按欧洲药典的溶出度检查方法, 采用溶出度测定法第二法的装置, 以 2%的吐温 80溶液 1000ml为溶出介质、 转速为每分钟 75转, 依法操作。 经 1, 4, 6小时分别取溶液 10ml滤过, 并及时在操作容器中补充上述溶出介质 10ml; 精密量 取 2ml续滤液于 50ml容量瓶中, 以溶出介质稀释到刻度, 摇匀, 照分光光度法(中 国药典 2005版附录 IVA)在 288nm处测定吸收度。 另取非诺贝特对照品 20mg, 置 于 ] 00ml容量瓶中, 少量甲醇溶解, 以 2%的吐温 80溶液定溶到刻度, 摇匀, 精密 量取 2ml溶液到 50ml容量瓶中, 以溶出介质稀释到刻度, 摇匀, 照分光光度法(中 国药典 2005版附录 IVA)在 288nm处测定吸收度。 分别计算每粒在不同时间的释放 度。 累积溶出见表 3 表 3
甘油棕榈酸硬脂酸酯 4.2g
PEG-6000 6g
聚乙二醇月桂酸甘油酯(GELUCIRE 44/14) 0.4g
聚氧乙烯蓖麻油 0.4g。
、 上述物料加入 50ml的烧杯, 加热至约 90°C熔融, 低速搅拌约 10分钟。 熔融液 在薄板上迅速冷却, 粉碎, 加入助流剂微粉硅胶混合均勾后, 灌装 0号胶囊。 溶出度取本品, 照溶出度测定法 (中国药典 2005年版二部附录 X C第二法), 以 0.54%十二烷基硫酸钠溶液 1000ml为溶剂, 转速为每分钟 50转, 依法操作, 经 10、 15、 30分钟取样, 取溶液 10ml滤过, 精密量取续滤液适量, 用甲醇-水 (4:1)稀 释成每 1ml中约含 10μ8的溶液。另取灰黄霉素对照品适量, 精密称定, 加上述溶剂 溶解并定量稀释制成每 1ml中含 ΙΟμ 的溶液。 取上述两种溶液, 照分光光度法 (中 国药典 2000年版二部附录 IV Α), 在 291nm的波长处分别测定吸收度, 计算出每粒 的溶出量。 累积溶出见表 4, 结果表明含灰黄霉素的组合物溶出度增加 表 4 时间 (min) 10 15 30
':'; 溶出比例(%) 70.3 90.4 101.6 实施例 7: 洛伐他汀 1.25g
甘油棕榈酸硬脂酸酯 4.2g
PEG-6000 6g
乙二醇单乙基醚 0.4g
聚氧乙烯蓖麻油 0.4g
• 将物料加入 50ml的烧杯,加热至约 80Ό熔融,低速搅拌约 10分钟。 55°C保温, 灌装 0号明胶硬胶囊或者植物胶囊。 溶出度 取本品, 照溶出度测定法 (中国药典 2005年版二部附录 X C第一法), 以 0.2%十二烷基硫酸钠的磷酸盐缓冲液溶液 [PH7.0,取磷酸二氢钾 1.38克和十二烷 基硫酸钠 2克,加水 900ml,以 0.1mol/L的 NaOH调节至 PH7.0,稀释到 1000ml]1000ml 为溶剂, 转速为每分钟 50转, 依法操作, 经 1、 4、 7小时取样, 测定。 累积溶出见表 5。 表 5 时间 (h) 1 4 7
、;. '溶出比例(%) 15.3 63.4 93.6 实施例 8: 龙血竭 0.6g
甘油棕榈酸硬脂酸酯 4.2g
PEG-6000 6g
乙二醇单乙基醚 0.4g
聚氧乙烯蓖麻油 0.4g。 制备方法见实施例 1。 蒸馏水搅拌溶解, 取溶出液, 4000rpm离心 4分钟, 取离心沉淀物, 复溶后, 进 行电镜观察。 未进行四氧化锇蒸汽熏染, 可见物粒径在 2μιη左右。
实施例 9 奥司斯他 0.5g
甘油棕榈酸硬脂酸酯 4.2g
PEG-6000 6g
乙二醇单乙基醚 0.4g
聚氧乙烯蓖麻油 0.4g。 制备方法见实施例 1。 蒸馏水搅拌溶解, 取溶出液, 4000rpm离心 4分钟, 取离心沉淀物, 复溶后, 进 行电镜观察。 未进行四氧化锇蒸汽熏染, 可见物粒径在 2μηι左右。
Claims
1.脂溶性药物组合物, 其特征在于, 包括:
有效量的脂溶性药物;
亲水性或可与水混溶的高分子材料;
疏水性高分子材料;
HLB值在 10-20的非离子表面活性剂;
其中脂溶性药物与组合物中剩佘组分形成熔融乳化固体分散体。
2.权利要求 1所述的脂溶性药物组合物, 其特征在于- 所述亲水性或可与水混溶的高分子材料, 选自聚合度为 600-20000的聚乙二醇、 泊洛沙姆、 聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、 聚乙烯醇中的一种或几种的混合物;
所述疏水性高分子材料选自甘油酯、 半合成甘油酯、 脂肪酸酯、 高级脂肪酸、 高级醇的一种或几种的混合物;
所述 HLB值在 10-20的非离子表面活性剂选自聚氧乙烯山梨糖醇酐单油酸酯、 蔗糖脂肪酸酯、 聚乙二醇脂肪酸甘油酯、 聚氧乙烯山梨酯、 聚氧乙烯氢化蓖麻油、 聚氧乙烯蓖麻油、 泊洛沙姆、 胆固醇、 胆酸盐、 聚羟体的一种或几种的混合物; 还包括助稳定剂, 助稳定剂选自乙二醇单乙基醚、 聚乙二醇脂肪酸甘油酯类聚 合物,如聚乙二醇辛酸 /癸酸甘油酯,聚乙二醇硬脂酸甘油酯,聚乙二醇月桂酸甘油酯 的一种或几种的混合物。
3.权利要求 1所述的脂溶性药物组合物, 其特征在于:
基于组合物总重量, 包括如下重量百分比的组分,
'脂溶性药物 5~50%;
亲水性或可与水混溶的高分子材料 40~90%;
疏水性高分子.材料 0.5-50%;
HLB值在 10-20的非离子表面活性剂 0.1〜10/0 ;
助稳定剂 0.5~5%。
4.权利要求 3所述的脂溶性药物组合物, 其特征在于:
基于组合物总重量, 包括如下重量百分比的组分,
脂溶性药物 10-30%;
亲水性或可与水混溶的高分子材料 40~75%;
疏水性高分子材料 10-30%;
HLB值在 10-20的非离子表面活性剂 1~10%。
5.权利要求 1所述的脂溶性药物组合物, 其特征在于:
所述脂溶性药物选自苯氧芳酸类药物、 二氢吡啶类药物、 他汀类药物、 脂溶性 维生素、 非甾体抗炎药、 灰黄霉素、 奥利司他、 吉法酯、 喜树碱、 紫杉醇、 水飞蓟 素, 及其异构体、 溶剂化物、 多晶型、 药学上可接受的盐。
6.权利要求 5所述的脂溶性药物组合物, 其特征在于:
所述脂溶性药物选自非诺贝特、 硝苯地平、 洛伐他汀、 卡维地洛、 灰黄霉素、 奥利司他、 吉法酯、 喜树碱、 紫杉醇、 水飞蓟素。
7.权利要求 1所述的脂溶性药物组合物的制备方法, 其特征在于:
I ) 将脂溶性药物、 亲水性或可与水混溶的高分子材料、 疏水性高分子材料、 助稳定剂和 HLB值在 10-20的非离子表面活性剂混合;
II)在持续加热条件下,使物料熔融制备成澄清通明的液体;
ΠΙ)在保温条件下灌装、 喷涂或冷却粉碎后成型;
8.权利要求 Ί所述脂溶性药物组合物制备方法, 其特征在于:
熔融后包含超声震荡或高压均质过程, 使熔融后液体更均匀。
9.权利要求 1所述脂溶性药物组合物在制备口服固体制剂中的用途。
10.权利要求 9所述脂溶性药物组合物在制备滴丸、 栓剂、 胶囊和片剂中的用途。
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Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5545628A (en) * | 1995-01-10 | 1996-08-13 | Galephar P.R. Inc. | Pharmaceutical composition containing fenofibrate |
CN1491105A (zh) * | 2001-02-13 | 2004-04-21 | 新的改进释放的制剂 | |
CN101502497A (zh) * | 2009-03-06 | 2009-08-12 | 安徽省药物研究所 | 非诺贝特药物组合物 |
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2009
- 2009-06-29 WO PCT/CN2009/000725 patent/WO2011000126A1/zh active Application Filing
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5545628A (en) * | 1995-01-10 | 1996-08-13 | Galephar P.R. Inc. | Pharmaceutical composition containing fenofibrate |
CN1491105A (zh) * | 2001-02-13 | 2004-04-21 | 新的改进释放的制剂 | |
CN101502497A (zh) * | 2009-03-06 | 2009-08-12 | 安徽省药物研究所 | 非诺贝特药物组合物 |
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