WO2010146215A1 - Composición para la prevención o el tratamiento de procesos patólogicos relacionados con la angiogénesis y proliferación celular - Google Patents
Composición para la prevención o el tratamiento de procesos patólogicos relacionados con la angiogénesis y proliferación celular Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010146215A1 WO2010146215A1 PCT/ES2010/070403 ES2010070403W WO2010146215A1 WO 2010146215 A1 WO2010146215 A1 WO 2010146215A1 ES 2010070403 W ES2010070403 W ES 2010070403W WO 2010146215 A1 WO2010146215 A1 WO 2010146215A1
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- endothelial
- statin
- angiogenesis
- atorvastatin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/40—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. sulpiride, succinimide, tolmetin, buflomedil
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/66—Phosphorus compounds
- A61K31/661—Phosphorus acids or esters thereof not having P—C bonds, e.g. fosfosal, dichlorvos, malathion or mevinphos
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K45/00—Medicinal preparations containing active ingredients not provided for in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
- A61K45/06—Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca
Definitions
- the present invention is within the field of biomedicine. Specifically, it refers to a composition comprising a statin and an activating agent of the vascular endothelium and its use for the preparation of a medicament, preferably, for the prevention or treatment of pathological processes associated with abnormal cell proliferation and pathological or unwanted angiogenesis such as cancer or arteriosclerosis.
- Angiogenesis is the biological process, thanks to which blood vessels, ex novo, are generated from previous vascular structures. For this, it is necessary to maintain a synergistic coupling of the mechanisms of proliferation and morpho-functional organization.
- the processes involved in the mechanisms of angiogenesis and vasculogenesis represent a fundamental role both in healing phenomena, as in the development of neoplasms or in diabetic retinopathy (Scholz et al. 2001. Angiogenesis; 4: 246-257; Shukla et al. 2007. Ann Thorac Surg; 84: 43-49; Tang et al. 2006. EurJ Cardiothorac Surg; 30: 353-360).
- restenosis phenomena can occur after endovascular revascularization procedures (also used in peripheral arteriopathies) due to myo-endothelial proliferation phenomena or thrombosis phenomena of the treated arterial segment.
- endovascular revascularization procedures also used in peripheral arteriopathies
- myo-endothelial proliferation phenomena or thrombosis phenomena of the treated arterial segment have been tried to solve by multiple strategies, such as the application of stents that partially reduce the stenosis (reduce the scarring phenomena of elastic retraction), but that do not prevent restenosis due to myo-endothelial proliferation.
- the latter is to avoid by other mechanisms such as pharmacological treatments (WO / 2003/026492).
- Another pathology that is characterized by pathological or unwanted angiogenesis is cancer.
- the neovascularization of the tumor allows nutrients to reach the proliferative cells of the tumor, allowing it to maintain its proliferative rate. It has been shown that the inhibition of this neovascularization causes the arrest in the development of the tumor.
- the neo-vessels formed have an altered structure and function, with obvious distortions in the endothelial permeability barrier, facilitating tumor dissemination and symptomatology added to the edematization of tissues.
- Statins are widely prescribed drugs for reduction of cholesterol in patients with hypercholesterolemia or cardiovascular diseases (Liao et al. 2004. Ann Rev Pharmacol Toxicol; 45: 89-118). They act primarily through the competitive inhibition of 3- hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, a limiting enzyme in the process of cholesterol synthesis. These statins also have other effects not dependent on the reduction of cholesterol levels (pleiotropic effects) such as the improvement of cardiovascular functionality (O'Driscoll et al. 1997. Circulation; 95: 1126-1131), the decrease in expression of proinflammatory cytokines (Masón et al. 2004. Circulation; 109: 1134-1141), or their effects on tumor growth and differentiation (Wong et al. 2002. Leukemia; 16; 508-519).
- HMG-CoA 3- hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A
- statins can reduce cancer death in patients with long treatments for cardiovascular diseases (Pedersen et al. 2000. Am J Cardiol; 86: 257-262). They also have the ability to inhibit tumor growth and activate the apoptosis of cancer cells (Causal et al. 2003. Endothelium; 10: 49-58) Cycle inhibition is produced by multiple dependent lineage mechanisms, such as through Ia inhibition of the activity of the cyclin dependent kinase-2 (CDK-2) together with the activation of CDK inhibitors.
- CDK-2 cyclin dependent kinase-2
- Apoptosis occurs preferentially in proliferative cells and occurs through the control of various signaling pathways, such as the activation of caspases, the inhibition of the bcl-2 antiapoptotic protein, or the Raf / MEK / ERK signaling pathway (Agarwal et al. 1999. Clin Cancer Res; 5: 2223-2299; Wu et al. 2004. Cancer Res; 64: 6461-6468). Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that the ability to inhibit protein geranylgeranylation is an indispensable element to produce statin death in acute myeloid leukemia cells (Xia et al. 2001. Leukemia; 15: 1398-1407).
- statins are capable of inhibiting tumor growth by the overexpression of the p21 protein (Ukomadu et al. 2003. J Biol Chem; 278: 43586-43594).
- Other effect anticancer that has been demonstrated by statins is the inhibition of the function of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) preventing the development of some lung tumors (Mantha et al. 2005. Clin Cancer Res; 11: 2398-2407 ).
- EGFR epidermal growth factor receptor
- statins may imply a marked decrease in the synthesis of VEGF-A, its specific FLT-1 receptor, as well as VEGF-C (Jones et al. 1999. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol; 276: 1345-1355).
- statins have been shown to have a proangiogenic effect when administered at concentrations within the nanomolar or picomolar range, while at high concentrations, within the micromolar range, they demonstrate a clearly antiangiogenic effect (Dulak et al. 2005. Endothelium; 12: 233-241; Frick et al. 2003. Atherosclerosis; 170: 229-236).
- LPA lysophosphatidic acid
- angiogenesis 11: 301-310. This factor also induces the expression of VEGF-C, which promotes neovascularization (Lin et al. 2008. Ce // Signal; 20: 1804-1814). All this is endorsed by the fact that LPA receptor antagonists are being used as agents for the prevention of proliferative or carcinoma-associated diseases (US2008 / 0213274).
- the modulation of angiogenesis and unwanted proliferation is shown both as a fundamental element when controlling various pathological conditions that, such as the development of solid tumors or arteriosclerosis, require both neovascularization and myo-endothelial proliferation for their development.
- the present invention relates to a composition
- a composition comprising a statin and an activating agent of the vascular endothelium and its use for the preparation of a medicament, preferably, for the prevention or treatment of pathological processes associated with angiogenesis and unwanted myo-endothelial proliferation as, for example, cancer or arteriosclerosis.
- statins such as atorvastatin within the micromolar range to the endothelium, after activation with an endothelial activator such as lysophosphatidic acid, continues to produce the reversion of the endothelium to a physiological state similar to the treatment with the statin in an independent way.
- This reversal is observed at the gene level, since there is a decrease in proliferative signals induced by lysophosphatidic acid, as well as in the indicative signals of endothelial dysfunction.
- a first aspect of the invention refers to a composition (hereinafter, composition of the invention) comprising a statin, a salt or an ester thereof, and an endothelial activator.
- Statins are a family of compounds that inhibit the enzyme 3- hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase. They also stimulate the absorption of cholesterol by the liver, which reduces the levels thereof, as well as triglycerides in the circulating blood.
- the statin is selected from the list comprising: atorvastatin, fluvastatin, lovastatin, pitavastatin, pravastatin, simvastatin, or rosuvastatin.
- the statin is atorvastatin.
- Atorvastatin is a synthetic compound of formula (I). Atorvastatin salts and esters are also known to be used as well.
- endothelial activator refers to a compound capable of triggering various concrete and recognizable processes in the endothelium called endothelial activation. These effects on endothelial cells generally consist of the overexpression of molecules such as VCAM, ICAM, E-selectin and von Willebrand factor, and a decrease in the production of cAMP. This entails a loss of the barrier function of the endothelium and alterations in the vasomotor tone.
- endothelial activators are, for example, but not limited to TNF ⁇ , hemodynamic forces, as well as sphingosine-1-phosphate, and its analogues, or lysophosphatidic acid, an analogue or a salt of said acid.
- the endothelial activator is selected from the list comprising TNF ⁇ , sphingosine-1-phosphate, an analogue thereof, or lysophosphatidic acid, an analogue or a salt of said acid.
- the endothelial activator is lysophosphatidic acid, an analogue or a salt of said acid.
- Lysophosphatidic acid of formula (II), is a bioactive phospholipid with activity in various cell types. It induces proliferative effects and cellular morphological changes. It also acts as a mediator in the synthesis processes of membrane phospholipids.
- lysophosphatidic acid herein includes a family of compounds of formulation 1-acyl, 2-hydroxyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate, which have a chain of saturated fatty acids (16: 0, 18: 0) or unsaturated (18: 1, 18: 2, 20: 4).
- analog refers to a chemical similar to another chemical in structure and / or function.
- analogs of lysophosphatidic acid may be considered without limitation, saturated, unsaturated or polyunsaturated fatty esters or alkyl ethers.
- Lysophosphatidic acid analogs can also be considered those compounds in which the phosphate group of lysophosphatidic acid is replaced by compounds of the list comprising, but not limited to, phosphoromimetics such as methylene, phosphonates, methylene phosphonates, phosphothioates, or phosphonothioates. Also similar are those compounds similar to lysophosphatidic acid where the hydroxy groups at positions sn-1 and sn-2 are replaced by fluorine or methoxy groups. Also included are those compounds that replace the O-acyl group in the sn-1 position with an O-alkyl group.
- Another aspect of the invention relates to the use of the composition of the invention for the preparation of a medicament.
- composition of the present invention can be used, although not limited, to normalize the endothelial function in processes of angiogenesis, unwanted or abnormal cell proliferation (such as myo-endothelial proliferation in atherosclerosis) or in situations of dysfunction of the endothelial barrier . Therefore, a preferred embodiment of this aspect of the invention refers to the use of the composition of the invention for the preparation of a medicament for the prevention and / or treatment of a pathological process associated with angiogenesis, cell proliferation (myo- endothelial, etc.) abnormal or unwanted, or a dysfunction of the endothelial barrier.
- abnormal myo-endothelial angiogenesis and proliferation or "unwanted” that vascular development that differs structurally, morphologically or functionally from the physiological development of the vessels and that is associated a pathological process This abnormal development leads to deterioration of normal tissue functions.
- pathological processes related to the abnormal development of angiogenesis and myo-endothelial proliferation are many pathological processes related to the abnormal development of angiogenesis and myo-endothelial proliferation.
- Endothelial barrier dysfunction means that situation in which the vascular endothelium partially or totally loses its functionality in maintaining the integrity of the vessels, causing an alteration in the permeability of the vessels. It is also characterized by an increase in vasoconstrictor signals such as the release of angiotensin Il or the increase in the expression of endothelin-1, and by the reduction of vasodilators such as the production of nitric oxide (NO) due to the decrease in expression and activity of the enzyme endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). It is also accompanied by the generation of a proinflammatory, proliferative and procoagulatory environment that favors atherogenesis.
- vasoconstrictor signals such as the release of angiotensin Il or the increase in the expression of endothelin-1
- vasodilators such as the production of nitric oxide (NO) due to the decrease in expression and activity of the enzyme endothelial nitric oxide synthase
- a more preferred embodiment of this aspect of the invention refers to the use of the composition for the preparation of a medicament for the prevention or treatment of a pathological process associated with angiogenesis, cell proliferation (such as myo-endothelial proliferation) abnormal or unwanted, or to a dysfunction of the endothelial barrier, selected from the list that includes arteriosclerosis, cancer, macular degeneration, neovascular glaucoma, endometriosis, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, ocular herpes, trachoma, corneal graft neovascularization, viral interstitial keratitis, keratoconjunctivitis microbial, hypertrophic telangiectasia, vascular adhesions, angiofibroma, acne rosacea, retrolental fibroplasia, primary or secondary pulmonary hypertension, shock lung, systemic inflammatory response syndrome, fibrosis, proliferative vitreoretinopathy, leukemia,
- Atherosclerosis which is characterized by thickening and dysfunction of the vessel walls.
- the most common and most serious event is the formation of the atheroma plaque characterized by the accumulation of lipids at the subendothelial level. This event has been associated in a multitude of cases with myocardial, cerebral, musculoskeletal or splanchnic ischemia, so the decrease in plaque would be a desirable event.
- the instability of the formed plaque can cause the release of highly thrombogenic lipids that produce acute cardiovascular events (myocardial infarction, acute ischemia of the lower limbs, acute splanchnic ischemia, cerebral infarctions, etc.).
- the treatment with statins has shown a reducing effect on the formation of the atheroma plate, as well as stabilizing the plate.
- the present combination could be used for example, but not limited to, for the prevention of the treatment of arteriosclerotic plaques, ischemic heart disease, strokes, ischemic colitis, aortic aneurysms, restenosis vascular, hypertrophic scarring or scleroderma, peripheral arteriopathies, etc.
- vascular structures are also found.
- the development of vascular structures is of vital importance for tumor progression. Due to the rapid tumor growth and the need of the vasculature to develop at said rate, the developed vessels have dysfunctions and there is no proper development of the endothelial barrier. In this sense, treatment with statins at high concentrations together with the addition of the endothelial activator would cause a stop of the vascular growth and therefore the arrest of the tumor growth.
- the refunctionalization of vascular tissue allows the recovery of the endothelial barrier preventing the spread of tumor cells, and therefore the metastasis.
- the present composition would be useful for the prevention and treatment of both solid tumors, such as tumors carried by the blood, such as, but not limited to, childhood bronchial adenomas, infantile cerebellar astrocytoma, cerebral astrocytoma and infantile malignant glioma, pleuropulmonary blastoma, Burkitt lymphoma, childhood colorectal cancer, anus cancer, head and neck cancer, nasal and paranasal sinus cancer, oral and lip cavity cancer, renal cell cancer, cervical cancer, colon cancer, cancer cervix, endometrial cancer, esophageal cancer, stomach cancer (gastric), salivary gland cancer, adult liver cancer (primary), hypopharyngeal cancer, small intestine cancer, laryngeal cancer, pathway cancer extrahepatic biliary, breast (breast) cancer, nasopharyngeal cancer, intraocular melanoma, eye cancer, retinoblastoma, oropharyngeal cancer,
- An even more preferred embodiment of this aspect of the invention refers to the use of the composition for the preparation of a medicament for the prevention or treatment of a pathological process associated with angiogenesis, abnormal or unwanted myo-endothelial proliferation, or processes pathological conditions associated with a dysfunction of the endothelial barrier, selected from the list that includes arteriosclerosis, restenosis of cardiovascular grafts, endovascular procedures, tumors of the Central Nervous System (CNS), solid tumors, hematopoietic tumors, pulmonary hypertension, lung shock or syndrome of systemic inflammatory response.
- a pathological process associated with angiogenesis abnormal or unwanted myo-endothelial proliferation
- pathological conditions associated with a dysfunction of the endothelial barrier selected from the list that includes arteriosclerosis, restenosis of cardiovascular grafts, endovascular procedures, tumors of the Central Nervous System (CNS), solid tumors, hematopoietic tumors, pulmonary hypertension, lung shock or syndrome of systemic inflammatory response.
- a preferred embodiment of this aspect of the invention refers to the use of the composition in a form suitable for local administration.
- statin Treatment of the endothelium with activators causes a characteristic response. This response is that which allows the statin to exert its physiological normalization effects avoiding the proapoptotic effect and producing an inhibition of myo-endothelial proliferation. Therefore, the use of statin in isolation on an already activated endothelium would exert the same effects as on an endothelium treated with an endothelial activator. Therefore, in another aspect of the invention the use of a statin, a salt or an ester thereof is described for the prevention and / or treatment of a pathological process associated with angiogenesis and / or abnormal myo-endothelial proliferation or unwanted when endothelial cells are activated (abnormal tumor neovases).
- a preferred embodiment of this aspect of the invention refers to the use of a statin, salt or ester thereof for the preparation of a medicament for the prevention or treatment of a pathological process associated with angiogenesis, abnormal myo-endothelial proliferation or unwanted, or a dysfunction of the endothelial barrier, selected from the list that includes but is not limited to arteriosclerosis, cancer, macular degeneration, neovascular glaucoma, endometriosis, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, ocular herpes, trachoma, corneal graft neovascularization, keratitis viral interstitial, microbial keratoconjunctivitis, hypertrophic telangiectasia, vascular adhesions, angiofibroma, acne rosacea, retrolental fibroplasia, primary or secondary pulmonary hypertension, shock lung, systemic inflammatory response syndrome, fibrosis, proliferative vitreoretinopathy
- a more preferred embodiment of this aspect of the invention refers to the use of the statin, salt or ester thereof for the preparation of a medicament for the prevention or treatment of a pathological process associated with angiogenesis, abnormal myo-endothelial proliferation or unwanted, or pathological processes associated with a dysfunction of the endothelial barrier, selected from the list that includes arteriosclerosis, restenosis of cardiovascular grafts, endovascular procedures, tumors of the Central Nervous System (CNS), solid tumors, hematopoietic tumors, pulmonary hypertension, shock lung or systemic inflammatory response syndrome.
- An even more preferred embodiment of this aspect of the invention refers to the use of the statin, salt or ester thereof in a form suitable for local administration.
- endothelial activator and the statin are administered so that the endothelial activator acts on the tissue before the statin since in this way the best results are obtained. Therefore, the combined preparation of a vascular endothelial activator and a statin separately, sequentially would be useful in the preparation of a medicament.
- Another aspect of the invention relates to a combined preparation (hereinafter, combined preparation of the invention) for sequential use comprising:
- the statin is selected from the list comprising: atorvastatin, fluvastatin, lovastatin, pitavastatin, pravastatin, simvastatin, and rosuvastatin.
- the selected statin is atorvastatin.
- endothelial activators are, although not limited to, TNF ⁇ sphingosine-1-phosphate, an analogue thereof, or lysophosphatidic acid, an analogue or a salt of said acid.
- the endothelial activator is lysophosphatidic acid, an analogue or a salt thereof.
- combined preparation or also called “juxtaposition”, herein, means that the components of the combined preparation need not be present as a union, for example, in a composition, in order to be available for separate application. or sequential
- juxtaposed implies that it is not necessarily a true combination, in view of the physical separation of the components.
- Another aspect of the invention relates to the use of the combined preparation of the invention for the preparation of a medicament.
- the combined preparation of the present invention can be used, although not limited, to normalize the endothelial function in processes of angiogenesis, unwanted or abnormal myo-endothelial proliferation, or of dysfunction of the endothelial barrier. Therefore, a preferred embodiment of this aspect of the invention refers to the use of the combined preparation of the invention for the preparation of a medicament for the prevention and / or treatment of a pathological process associated with angiogenesis and / or my proliferation. - abnormal or unwanted endothelial.
- a more preferred embodiment of this aspect of the invention refers to the use of the combined preparation of the invention for the preparation of a medicament for the prevention or treatment of a pathological process associated with angiogenesis and / or unwanted myo-endothelial proliferation, selected from the list comprising, for example, but not limited to, arteriosclerosis, cancer, macular degeneration, neovascular glaucoma, endometriosis, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, ocular herpes, trachoma, corneal graft neovascularization, viral interstitial keratitis, microbial keratoconjunctivitis, hypertrophic telangiectasia , vascular adhesions, angiofibroma, acne rosacea, retrolental fibroplasia, Primary or secondary pulmonary hypertension, shock lung, systemic inflammatory response syndrome, fibrosis, proliferative vitreoretinopathy, leukemia, ulcerative colitis,
- An even more preferred embodiment of this aspect of the invention refers to the use of the combined preparation for the preparation of a medicament for the prevention or treatment of a pathological process associated with angiogenesis, abnormal or unwanted myo-endothelial proliferation or a endothelial barrier dysfunction, selected from the list that includes arteriosclerosis, restenosis of cardiovascular grafts and / or endovascular procedures, tumors of the Central Nervous System (CNS), solid tumors, hematopoietic tumors, pulmonary hypertension, shock lung or inflammatory response syndrome systemic
- a preferred embodiment of this aspect of the invention refers to the use of the combined preparation in a form suitable for local administration.
- Another aspect of the invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising the composition of the invention.
- Another aspect of the invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising the combined preparation of the invention.
- the pharmaceutical composition further comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
- a more preferred embodiment of this aspect of the invention refers to a pharmaceutical composition comprising the composition of the invention and, in addition, together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, another active ingredient.
- a more preferred embodiment of this aspect of the invention refers to a pharmaceutical composition comprising the combined preparation of the invention and, in addition, together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, another active ingredient.
- compositions of the present invention can be formulated for administration to an animal, and more preferably to a mammal, including man, in a variety of ways known in the state of the art.
- they can be, without limitation, in aqueous or non-aqueous solutions, in emulsions or in suspensions.
- non-aqueous solutions are, for example, but not limited to, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, vegetable oils, such as olive oil, or injectable organic esters, such as ethyl oleate.
- aqueous solutions are, for example, but not limited to, water, alcoholic solutions in water, or saline media.
- Aqueous solutions may be buffered or not, and may have additional active or inactive components.
- Additional components include salts to modulate the ionic strength, preservatives including, but not limited to, antimicrobial agents, antioxidants, chelators, or the like, or nutrients, including glucose, dextrose, vitamins or minerals.
- preservatives including, but not limited to, antimicrobial agents, antioxidants, chelators, or the like, or nutrients, including glucose, dextrose, vitamins or minerals.
- nutrients including glucose, dextrose, vitamins or minerals.
- the compositions can be prepared for administration in solid form.
- compositions may be combined with various inert carriers or excipients, including but not limited to: binders, such as microcrystalline cellulose, gum tragacanth, or gelatin; excipients, such as starch or lactose; dispersing agents, such as alginic acid or corn starch; lubricants, such as magnesium stearate, glidants such as colloidal silicon dioxide; sweetening agents, such as sucrose or saccharin; or flavoring agents, such as peppermint or methyl salicylate.
- binders such as microcrystalline cellulose, gum tragacanth, or gelatin
- excipients such as starch or lactose
- dispersing agents such as alginic acid or corn starch
- lubricants such as magnesium stearate, glidants such as colloidal silicon dioxide
- sweetening agents such as sucrose or saccharin
- flavoring agents such as peppermint or methyl salicylate.
- compositions and / or their formulations may be administered to an animal, including a mammal and, therefore, to man, in a variety of ways, including, but not limited to, parenteral, intraperitoneal, intravenous, intradermal, epidural, intraspinal, intrastromal. , intraarticular, intrasynovial, intrathecal, intralesional, intraarterial, intracardiac, intramuscular, intranasal, intracranial, subcutaneous, intraorbital, intracapsular, topical, through transdermal patches, rectal, vaginal or urethral, through the administration of a suppository, percutaneous, nasal spray , surgical implant, internal surgical paint, infusion pump or catheter.
- compositions of the present invention are suitable for application by medical devices that allow their release in concentrations suitable for treatment. These devices must be suitable for the administration of the drug locally that allows the treatment not to be dispersed and act in the affected area. These medical devices can allow the release of the drug both jointly and sequentially, first releasing the endothelial activator and subsequently the statin.
- the devices may, for example, but not be limited, carry the drugs inside or be coated therewith.
- CE HUVEC grown in standard medium.
- LPA HUVEC grown 90 minutes with 10 ⁇ M lysophosphatidic acid and then 24 hours in standard medium.
- ATS HUVEC cultured with 1 ⁇ M Atorvastatin (ATS) for 24 hours.
- LPA + ATS HUVEC cultured with 10 ⁇ M lysophosphatidic acid for 90 minutes and subsequently with 1 ⁇ M Atorvastatin for 24 hours.
- the data is the mean ⁇ SEM. Experiments performed in triplicate by condition. * p ⁇ 0.05 vs. EC
- FIG. 4 Shows the changes in the gene expression of endothelin-1 (A) and eNOS (B), genes involved in the endothelial function in HUVEC cells, analyzed by microarrays. The results are shown in fluorescent units.
- CE HUVEC grown in standard medium.
- LPA HUVEC grown 90 minutes with 10 ⁇ M lysophosphatidic acid and then 24 hours in standard medium.
- ATS HUVEC cultured with 1 ⁇ M Atorvastatin (ATS) for 24 hours.
- LPA + ATS HUVEC cultured with 10 ⁇ M lysophosphatidic acid for 90 minutes and subsequently with Atorvastatin 1 ⁇ M for 24 hours.
- Figure 5 It shows the changes in the gene expression of genes involved in the permeability of the endothelial barrier in HUVEC cells analyzed by microarrays. The results are shown in fluorescent units.
- CE HUVEC grown in standard medium.
- LPA HUVEC grown 90 minutes with 10 ⁇ M lysophosphatidic acid and then 24 hours in standard medium.
- ATS HUVEC cultured with 1 ⁇ M Atorvastatin (ATS) for 24 hours.
- LPA + ATS HUVEC cultured with 10 ⁇ M lysophosphatidic acid for 90 minutes and subsequently with 1 ⁇ M Atorvastatin for 24 hours.
- FIG. 6 Shows the changes in the gene expression of growth factors in HUVEC cells analyzed by microarrays. The results are shown in fluorescent units.
- CE HUVEC grown in standard medium.
- LPA HUVEC grown 90 minutes with 10 ⁇ M lysophosphatidic acid and then 24 hours in standard medium.
- ATS HUVEC cultured with 1 ⁇ M Atorvastatin (ATS) for 24 hours.
- LPA + ATS HUVEC cultured with 10 ⁇ M lysophosphatidic acid for 90 minutes and subsequently with 1 ⁇ M Atorvastatin for 24 hours.
- Figure 7 It shows the changes in the gene expression of genes involved in the development of the cell cycle in HUVEC cells analyzed by microarrays. The results are shown in fluorescent units. EC:
- HUVEC grown in standard medium LPA: HUVEC grown 90 minutes with 10 ⁇ M lysophosphatidic acid and subsequently 24 hours in standard medium.
- ATS HUVEC cultured with 1 ⁇ M Atorvastatin (ATS) for 24 hours.
- LPA + ATS HUVEC cultured with 10 ⁇ M lysophosphatidic acid for 90 minutes and subsequently with 1 ⁇ M Atorvastatin for 24 hours.
- Figure 8 It shows the changes in the gene expression of genes involved in apoptosis in HUVEC cells analyzed by microarrays. The results are shown in CE: HUVEC fluorescent units grown in standard medium.
- LPA HUVEC grown 90 minutes with 10 ⁇ M lysophosphatidic acid and then 24 hours in standard medium.
- ATS HUVEC cultured with 1 ⁇ M Atorvastatin (ATS) for 24 hours.
- LPA + ATS HUVEC cultured with 10 ⁇ M lysophosphatidic acid for 90 minutes and subsequently with 1 ⁇ M Atorvastatin for 24 hours.
- HUVEC cells marketed by Sigma Aldrich were used. These cells were cultured in F12K medium (modified by Kaighn) with 2 mM glutamine + 1.5 g / l sodium bicarbonate + 0.10 mg / ml heparin + 0.03 mg / ml endothelial growth supplement (ECGS) + 20% fetal bovine serum (inactivated by heat shock at 56 0 C for 30 minutes). The culture medium is changed every 72 hours.
- Incubation is carried out at a temperature of 37 0 C and in an atmosphere of 5% CO 2. 3 passes of the cells are made prior to experimental use. This cellular takeoff is carried out by means of three washes with PBS (sterile buffered solution), in order to eliminate the fetal bovine serum remains. Subsequently Trypsin-EDTA 0.03% is added (incubating at 37 0 C, 90% humidity and 5% CO2 for 5-10 minutes, examining the degree of cell individualization). Once the suspension and cell spherification are obtained, the neutralization of trypsin-EDTA is carried out by means of culture. Subsequently, a spin is carried out at 1000 rpm. for 10 minutes, to which the supernatant is removed, and the cell precipitate is diluted by adding new culture medium for reseeding in a 1: 2 ratio.
- PBS sterile buffered solution
- Microanalysis for performing, after the third pass, the cells were divided into 5 groups and incubated in wells of experimentation on microanalysis grids 37 0 C and 5% CO2 under the following conditions:
- - LPA GROUP umbilical vein endothelial cells, from the third subculture, treated with 10 ⁇ M LPA for 90 minutes and subsequent incubation for 24 hours in standard medium.
- ATS GROUP umbilical vein endothelial cells, from the third subculture, pharmacologically treated with 1 ⁇ M Atorvastatin (ATS) for 24 hours.
- - GROUP E1 umbilical vein endothelial cells, from the third subculture, treated pharmacologically with 10 ⁇ M LPA for 90 minutes and subsequently with 1 ⁇ M ATS for 24 hours.
- GROUP E2 umbilical vein endothelial cells, from the third subculture, pharmacologically treated with 1 ⁇ M ATS for 24 hours and subsequently with 10 ⁇ M LPA for 90 minutes.
- EXAMPLE 2 Effects of treatment with lysophosphatidic acid of HUVEC cells prior to the administration of 1 ⁇ M atorvastatin on cell death
- the sample of endothelial cells must be physically on the gold microanalysis grids. For this, it extends a thin layer of pioloform resin in ultrapure water and precisely placing the microanalysis grids and a 11 mm diameter coverslip on it. After the collection and drying of the grid-pioloform assembly, they are sterilized by irradiation with ultraviolet rays for 24 hours. Then, 2 grids are deposited in each experiment well and cell seeding is carried out.
- Cell seeding is carried out according to the protocol followed in example 1.
- the cells come from a third trypsinization of the culture.
- the experimental trial (treatment with LPA, atorvastatin, both or without treatment) was carried out after 24 hours of culture, ensuring in this way, a correct adhesion and viability of the endothelial cells used.
- microanalysis racks are washed in autoclaved double-distilled water at 4 ° C for 4 seconds, generating a gentle movement by means of a magnetic stirrer. Excess water is removed with rapid drying on filter paper.
- microanalysis gratings are cryofixed, after removal of the corresponding grating covers.
- the cellular material is fixed by freezing in liquid nitrogen, lowering its temperature from 37 ° C to -196 ° C, in less than 10 seconds.
- Cryofixed endothelial cells are transferred to a high vacuum cryo-drying chamber, at 10 ⁇ 5 mbar pressure (Emitech K775 system) for the complete extraction of cellular water by sublimation, following a 6-stage protocol (Warley et al. 2000. J Microsc; 198: 116-123).
- the sample is then covered with a carbon film, using an Emitech evaporator (Watfor, United Kingdom) provided with a graphite wire, which facilitates scanning of the electron beam.
- Emitech evaporator (Watfor, United Kingdom) provided with a graphite wire, which facilitates scanning of the electron beam.
- - P corresponds to the net counts of the characteristic signal of the element.
- - B is the continuous radiation measured below the peak, that is, taken between the same energy levels of the characteristic signal.
- - Z 2 / A is the average value of the squared atomic number divided by the atomic weight, corresponding a specific value for 20% dextran (standard standard) and cells (Warley, 1997. Practical Methods in Electron Microscopy).
- the calibration standards were prepared according to the preset guidelines in the laboratory of analytical electron microscopy of the Department of Histology of the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Granada. (Crespo et al. 1993. Acta Otolaryngol; 113: 176-180; López-Escámez et al. 1994. Scanning Microsc Suppl; 8: 171-185) using various salts (NaHPO 4 , MgCI 2 , CaCI 2 H 2 O and K 2 SO 4 ) dissolved in organic matrix as a standard of analysis. For this, solutions of each salt were prepared at different concentrations in 20% dextran (300 kD).
- the patterns were mounted on microporous membranes of the Millicell ® units and the same procedure was followed as was described for the preparation of endothelial cells.
- the standards were analyzed in the electron microscope immediately after preparation to avoid contamination or chemical modification, obtaining between 15 and 20 spectra for each standard concentration, using the same analysis conditions previously considered, which were used for endothelial cells.
- - (Pstd / Bstd) is the P / B ratio, where the background has been measured between the same energy range of the characteristic signal obtained from the analysis of the standards.
- - K is the characteristic calibration constant for each element and instrumental configuration used.
- Table 2 shows the standard pattern values expressed in moles / kg. of dry mass, for the different elements were the following:
- Table 2 Standard standard values expressed in moles / kg. dry dough
- the problem posed is solved by using the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test for multiple samples, which allows us to perform the global statistical analysis.
- the preactivation of the endothelium by means of the preincubation of the cells with 10 ⁇ M LPA for 90 minutes prior to the administration of Atorvastatin causes a protection of the tissue against the damage generated by the atorvastatin at 1 ⁇ M concentration.
- EXAMPLE 3 Effect of treatment with lysophosphatidic acid of HUVEC cells prior to the administration of 1 ⁇ M Atorvastatin on gene expression.
- the cell culture and treatment protocol is the same followed in example 1.
- the experimental groups used are:
- GROUP A umbilical vein endothelial cells, from the third subculture, treated with 10 ⁇ M LPA for 90 minutes and subsequent incubation for 24 hours in standard medium.
- - ATS1 GROUP umbilical vein endothelial cells, from the third subculture, pharmacologically treated with Atorvastatin
- ATS 1 ⁇ M for 24 hours.
- GROUP E1 umbilical vein endothelial cells, from the third subculture, treated pharmacologically with 10 ⁇ M LPA for 90 minutes and subsequently with 1 ⁇ M ATS for 24 hours.
- GROUP E2 umbilical vein endothelial cells, from the third subculture, pharmacologically treated with 1 ⁇ M ATS for 24 hours and subsequently with 10 ⁇ M LPA for 90 minutes.
- RNAs were transformed into cDNA by a reverse transcriptase (Superscript II, Life Technologies, Inc., Carlsbad, CA, USA) with an oligonucleotide rich in thymine tails (T7-polyT primer), which allowed Ia amplification of any messenger RNA present in the cell.
- T7-polyT primer an oligonucleotide rich in thymine tails
- the cRNAs corresponding to all cDNAs were synthesized by in vitro transcription, using biotin-labeled UTP and CTP (Enzo Diagnostics, Farmingdale, NY). Once synthesized, and to favor hybridization, these cRNAs were chemically fragmented by adding a high concentration of salts and high temperatures.
- Figure 6 shows that the activation of the endothelium with LPA causes an increase in the expression of the vascular endothelial growth factor-A. This induction is reversed by treatment with atorvastatin. Atorvastatin itself also produces a decrease in the expression of both the growth factor of vascular endothelium C and the FLT-1 cell receptor that is maintained even with the pretreatment of cells with LPA. This indicates that atorvastatin is able to exert a negative regulation on autocrine and paracrine cell proliferation mechanisms that is not altered by pretreatment with LPA.
- Figure 8 shows that cells treated with 1 ⁇ M atorvastatin alone or with subsequent application of LPA, have an increased expression of indicators of loss of viability such as caspase 3, caspase 6 caspase 7, Rac-1 and Cdc-42, with regarding untreated cells. This increase is limited or reversed to the physiological situation in cases in which the cells have been preincubated with APL prior to the use of atorvastatin. These data endorse the cell viability data obtained by microanalysis.
- Another gene increased in the ATS and ATS + LPA groups is the programmed cell death gene 4 (PDCD-4), which has an important role in apoptosis. Its expression is also reduced by treatment with LPA prior to the administration of atorvastatin.
- PDCD-4 programmed cell death gene 4
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES200930321A ES2350998B1 (es) | 2009-06-16 | 2009-06-16 | Composicion para la prevencion o el tratamiento de procesos patologicos relacionados con la angiogenesis y proliferacion celular |
| ESP200930321 | 2009-06-16 |
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| PCT/ES2010/070403 Ceased WO2010146215A1 (es) | 2009-06-16 | 2010-06-16 | Composición para la prevención o el tratamiento de procesos patólogicos relacionados con la angiogénesis y proliferación celular |
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| WO (1) | WO2010146215A1 (es) |
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Non-Patent Citations (4)
| Title |
|---|
| CHI-LOU LIN ET AL: "Lysophosphatidic acid upregulates vascular indothelial growth factor-C and tube formation in human indothelial cells through LPA 1/3, COX-2, and NF-KB activation and EGFR transactivation dependent mechanisms", CELULLAR SIGNALLING, vol. 20, 2008, pages 1804 - 1814 * |
| DULAK J. ET AL: "Atorvastatin affects several angiogenic mediators in human indothelial cells", ENDOTHELIUM, vol. 12, 2005, pages 233 - 241 * |
| FRICK M. ET AL: "Statins differentially regulate vascular indothelial growth factor synthesis in indothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells", ATHEROSCLEROSIS, vol. 170, 2003, pages 229 - 236 * |
| RIVERA-LOPEZ C.M. ET AL: "Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and angiogenesis", ANGIOGENESIS, vol. 11, 2008, pages 301 - 310, XP019598625 * |
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| ES2350998B1 (es) | 2011-11-22 |
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