WO2010139580A2

WO2010139580A2 - Heat pump-based heating system comprising a discharge mixer

Info

Publication number: WO2010139580A2
Application number: PCT/EP2010/057218
Authority: WO
Inventors: Peter Gebhardt
Original assignee: Peter Gebhardt
Priority date: 2009-06-05
Filing date: 2010-05-26
Publication date: 2010-12-09
Also published as: WO2010139580A3; DE102009024304A1; DE102009024304B4

Abstract

The invention relates to a heat pump-based heating system (1) comprising a working medium (2) that flows through an evaporator (3), a compressor (4), the primary side of a condenser (9) designed as a heat exchanger, and an expansion valve (5) in a closed cycle, as well as a liquid (6) that flows through a storage heater (7) and the secondary side of the condenser (9) in a first closed cycle. The storage heater (7) and the condenser (9) are interconnected via at least two connection pipes (8a, 8b) in order to form the first liquid cycle. The condenser (9) transfers energy from the working medium (2) to the liquid (6), and the liquid (6) forms a thermal stratification in the gravitational direction inside the storage heater (7). The liquid (6) also flows through the storage heater (7) and one or more heating water and/or hot water heating devices in a second closed cycle. The invention is characterized in that the first liquid cycle is driven by a circulation pump (10), and the upper connection pipe (8a) between the condenser (9) and the storage heater (7) runs into a vertical pipe (11) that is disposed inside the storage heater (7) and has a plurality of outlets (12) which are located at different levels within the storage heater (7) and by means of which liquid (6) is exchanged between the vertical pipe (11) and the rest of the storage heater (7). Furthermore, the storage heater (7) includes a discharge device (13) for removing liquid (6) at a desired or predefined temperature for the second liquid cycle, said discharge device (13) withdrawing the liquid to be removed from at least two different levels within the storage heater (7) and mixing the liquid in order to obtain the discharge temperature.

Description

HEAT PUMP HEATING WITH REMOVAL MIXER ER

description

The invention relates to a heat pump heater according to the preamble of claim 1.

In a heat pump, the central energy source of Wärmepumpenhei- tion, flows through a working medium (refrigerant, heat transfer medium) in a closed circuit an evaporator, a compressor (compressor), the primary side of a designed as a heat exchanger condenser (condenser) and an expansion valve. In the evaporator, the working medium is evaporated and thereby absorbs energy from a heat source, such as the outside air on. In the compressor, the working medium is compressed and heated. In the condenser, the liquefaction of the pressurized working medium, while there is energy in the form of heat to a liquid, especially water from. Subsequently, the liquid working medium in the expansion valve is expanded and returned to the evaporator at low pressure and low temperature in order to run through the circuit again.

The already mentioned liquid flows in a first closed circuit through a device for heating and storing liquid, hereinafter called storage heater, as well as the secondary side of the formed as a heat exchanger capacitor. The storage heater and condenser are connected to one another to realize the first fluid circuit via at least two connecting lines, at least one upper connecting line and at least one lower connecting line.

In the storage heater, the heat pump's condenser transfers heat, in particular the condensate released during condensation. onsenergie, from the working medium to the liquid in the storage heater. This heated liquid is used, if required, to heat the heating and / or hot water preparation devices of a household, ie to at least partially release the heat supplied there. For this purpose, the liquid flows in a second closed circuit through the storage heater and one or more heating and / or hot water preparation facilities.

The starting point for the invention is a storage heater in which the liquid forms a temperature stratification in the direction of gravity. Higher-lying liquid layers have a higher temperature than in relation to lower-lying liquid layers. For the most efficient operation of the storage heater and thus the total heat pump heating, it is necessary that the temperature stratification is maintained as constant as possible. This ideal condition is impaired in practice by the required circulation of the liquid.

The task of the first liquid circuit is to supply heated liquid to the storage heater in order to maintain the liquid stratification as constant as possible during operation of the second liquid circuit.

However, if the second liquid circuit is driven by a circulating pump, and the heated liquid is supplied via an upper connecting line which opens directly at the storage heater at only one level of the storage heater, the liquid initially flows into only one liquid layer and initially heats only this liquid. As a result, the liquid stratification in the condenser is significantly impaired, depending on the removal amount through the second circuit, this leads to significant temperature fluctuations in each arranged at a certain height in the condenser liquid layers, the storage heater is far from its ideal state of a constant temperature stratification. In the Removal of liquid for the second cycle, which takes place in known systems in a defined height of the storage heater, in the rules at the top or at an upper area, so that no constant temperature of the withdrawn liquid is given, but the removal temperature is significant fluctuations subjected. However, this is undesirable with regard to the control of the heating and hot water preparation facilities.

The invention has for its object to provide a heat pump heating of the aforementioned type, which keeps as low as possible on circulation of the first circuit with a circulation pump, the impairment of the constancy of the temperature stratification and on the other, even when occurring impairment of the constancy of temperature stratification, a constant discharge temperature for the second fluid circuit.

This object is achieved with the features of claim 1. Further developments are specified in the dependent claims.

The heat pump heater according to the invention comprises a working medium (refrigerant, heat transport medium) which flows in a closed circuit an evaporator, a compressor (compressor), the primary side of a heat exchanger designed as a condenser (condenser) and an expansion valve. It also comprises a liquid, in particular water (but it is also any other medium suitable for heat transport), which flows in a first closed circuit a storage heater (device for heating and storing liquid) and the secondary side of the formed as a heat exchanger condenser ,

To realize the first fluid circuit, the storage heater and the condenser are connected via at least two connecting lines, at least one upper connecting line and at least one lower connecting line. connection line, interconnected. Usually, the upper connecting line is connected to the upper end of the condenser and the lower connecting line to the lower end of the condenser.

The condenser transfers energy (heat) from the working medium to the liquid in the storage heater.

The liquid in the storage heater forms a temperature stratification in the direction of gravity, wherein higher liquid layers have a higher temperature than in relation to lower-lying liquid layers.

In a second closed circuit, the liquid flows through the storage heater and one or more heating and / or hot water preparation devices (for example radiators, underfloor heating, water heaters, instantaneous water heaters). Warm liquid is withdrawn and passed back to the storage heater by a heating device and / or a hot water preparation device, where it cools down again into the storage heater. The heated liquid is used in particular for heating purposes or for heating water.

The invention further provides that the first fluid circuit is driven by a circulation pump. This can be arranged, for example, in or on the upper connection line or in or on the lower connection line between the condenser and the storage heater. This circulating pump conveys the liquid from the storage heater through the secondary side of the formed as a heat exchanger condenser and then back into the storage heater.

The upper connecting line between the condenser and storage heater, through which the heated liquid is conveyed from the condenser back into the storage heater, does not open directly on the outer wall of the storage heater and is there with the liquid in the storage heater rather, the upper connecting line merges into a riser pipe arranged in the interior of the storage heater, which has a plurality of outlet openings at different heights in the storage heater, via which the liquid exchange takes place between the riser pipe and the remaining storage heater. Accordingly, the connecting line does not enter into the upper end of the storage heater, but at a height that still allows the arrangement of the upwardly oriented, in particular the vertically upwardly oriented riser pipe in the storage heater. The riser expediently has an open, free upper end.

The advantage of this riser pipe with outlet openings is, in particular, that the liquid heated by the condenser is not only supplied to it at a level of the storage heater and thus only flows into a liquid layer of the storage heater, which leads to significant changes in the temperature stratification in the storage heater. Rather, the riser tube allows the parallel supply of the heated liquid in numerous liquid layers of the storage heater, the liquid coming from the condenser in the riser mixes over the arranged at different heights in the storage heater outlet openings over the entire length of the riser with the liquid in the storage heater, i. it interacts with numerous layers of liquid in the storage heater. Accordingly, the consistency of the temperature stratification in the storage heater is far less affected by this type of supply of the heated liquid by means of the riser with numerous outlet openings as in a mere initiation by opening out at a level of the storage heater connecting line.

In the heat pump heating according to the invention, it is further provided that the storage heater has a removal device for the removal of liquid having a desired or predetermined temperature for the second liquid circuit, wherein the removal device for obtaining the liquid temperature from the liquid to be removed at least two different heights in the storage heater picks up and mixes.

This removal mixer has the advantage that a disturbance of the constancy of the temperature stratification in the storage heater and a deviation from the optimal temperature stratification does not adversely affect the second fluid circuit with the heating or hot water preparation devices. When the liquid is withdrawn at only one level of the storage heater, for example at the upper end or in its upper region, the withdrawn liquid always has the temperature which is just present at the take-off point. If the consistency of the temperature stratification is impaired, liquid of different temperature is correspondingly taken from the storage heater and the heating medium. Hot water preparation facilities supplied. This affects their function, control and regulation. The removal mixer provided according to the invention eliminates this problem. The mixer reaches from different heights in the storage heater and thus from liquid layers of different temperature from the water to be removed. Ensuring that the liquid removed for the second circuit always has the intended or desired temperature ensures that the discharge mixer accordingly adjusts the mixing ratio between the liquids taken from different heights. The second liquid circuit is thus independent of the constancy of the temperature stratification, the heating or hot water preparation devices are supplied with liquid whose temperature corresponds to the predetermined or desired value, so that the heating or hot water preparation devices at least in terms of liquid temperature under optimal conditions operate.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the removal device comprises a mixing valve (also: mixer), in particular a motor-controlled mixing valve, with at least two ports (paths), ie in the mixing valve is at least a two-way valve. Of the first port terminates via a first liquid line open at the opposite end in a first liquid layer of the storage heater. The second connection ends via a second liquid line open at the opposite end in a second liquid layer of the storage heater. Here, the first liquid layer is arranged higher in the memory than the second liquid layer. Furthermore, at least one temperature sensor for determining the temperature of the first liquid layer and at least one temperature sensor for determining the temperature of the second liquid layer are provided. The temperature does not necessarily have to be measured in the respective liquid layer, it is sufficient and also expedient if the temperatures in the mixing valve are measured during the aspiration from the respective liquid layers. A control and / or regulating device of the mixing valve controls or regulates the mixing ratio between the liquid to be taken from the first liquid layer and from the second liquid line and thus the temperature of the withdrawal liquid. This makes it possible to always set or adjust the intended or desired extraction temperature. The mixing valve allows stepless or even graduated settings between the extreme cases, that only liquid from the first or only liquid is taken from the second liquid layer.

According to a development, the mixing valve has a third connection, which ends via a third liquid line open at the opposite end in a third liquid layer of the storage heater, which lies below the first liquid layer and the second liquid layer. In particular, in this embodiment, the return of the second fluid circuit can be done in addition to the removal via the mixing valve. The mixing valve is then adjusted so that the withdrawal and return streams are fed separately from the intended liquid lines. Usually, the returning liquid is supplied to the third port and thus the lowest lying third liquid layer, the removal is then carried out by Mi Schung from the first and second port or the liquid from the first and second liquid layer.

In a preferred embodiment of the heat pump heater according to the invention, a hot water tank for heating and storage of hot water is arranged in the storage heater. A part of this hot water tank forms the secondary side of a hot water heat exchanger, the primary side of this hot water heat exchanger is flowed through by the working medium downstream to the condenser and upstream to the expansion valve. The at least partially already condensed working medium is thereby completely condensed or further cooled. This increases the efficiency and the coefficient of performance of the heat pump heating.

The invention will be explained below with regard to further features and advantages with reference to the description of an embodiment and with reference to the accompanying schematic drawings. Show it

1 shows schematically a heat pump heating according to the invention, and

FIG 2 as a schematic partial section of the removal device in

Storage heater of the heat pump heater according to FIG. 1

Corresponding parts and components in the figures are provided with the same reference numerals.

1 shows schematically a heat pump heater 1 according to the invention düng. The heat pump heater 1 has a working medium 2 which, in a closed circuit (dashed line), contains an evaporator 3 (in which the liquid working medium is vaporized by the heat of the outside air), a compressor 4 (in which the gaseous working medium is compressed). is), the primary side of a heat exchanger designed as a condenser 9 (in which the gaseous working fluid is liquefied) and an expansion valve 5 (through which the liquid working fluid is expanded) flows through. The circuit is shown only schematically, there may be other components such as shut-off valves, also may be coupled as another circuit an air conditioning circuit, which may optionally be operated as an alternative to the relevant for the invention, described here and shown in the figure heat pump cycle.

The heat pump heater 1 also has a liquid 6, in particular water, which flows through a storage heater 7 and the secondary side of the condenser 9 designed as a heat exchanger in a first closed circuit. The storage heater 7 and the condenser 9 are connected to each other to realize this first liquid circuit via an upper connecting line 8a and a lower connecting line 8b. In the upper connecting line 8a, a circulating pump 10 is arranged, which drives the first liquid circuit, the flow direction of the liquid 6 is indicated by arrows. The condenser 9 transfers energy from the working medium flowing through to the liquid 6 flowing through it, thereby heating it.

In the storage heater 7, the liquid 6 forms a temperature stratification in the direction of gravity, wherein higher-lying liquid layers have a higher temperature than in relation thereto lower-lying liquid layers, i. a horizontal liquid layer arranged higher in the storage heater 7 is warmer than a horizontal liquid layer arranged deeper in the storage heater 7.

A key aspect of the invention is that the upper connecting line 8a between the condenser 9 and the storage heater 7 merges into a riser 11 arranged in the interior of the storage heater 7, which has a multiplicity of outlet openings 12 (only a few schematics are shown in the figure). drawn in table) at different heights in the storage heater 7, via which the fluid exchange 6 between riser 11 and residual storage heater 7 takes place.

Another key aspect of the invention is the provision of a removal device 13 for the removal of liquid 6 with a desired or predetermined temperature for the second liquid circuit from the storage heater 7. The removal device 13 of the heat pump heater according to FIG 1 is shown in FIG 2 in a partial side view (view from shown on the right in FIG. 1). The central element of the removal device 13 shown is a mixing valve 14, in particular a motor-controlled mixing valve 14, with three ports 15a, 15b, 15c. The first connection 15a terminates via a first liquid line 16a open at the opposite end (dashed line in FIG. 2) in a first liquid layer of the storage heater 7. For this purpose, the liquid line 16a points vertically upwards into a region near the upper end of the storage heater 7. FIG The second connection 15b terminates via a second liquid line 16b open at the opposite end (dash-dotted line in FIG. 2) in a second liquid layer of the storage heater 7. The liquid line 16b is merely a short horizontal line section. The third port 15c terminates via a third liquid line 16c open at the opposite end (shown in solid lines in FIG. 2) in a third liquid layer of the storage heater 7. For this purpose, the liquid line 16c points vertically downwards into a region near the lower end of the storage heater 7. Accordingly, FIG For example, the first liquid layer is located higher in the storage heater 7 than the second liquid layer, and this in turn is located higher than the third liquid layer.

The first connection 15a and the second connection 15b are usually used by the control device of the mixing valve 14 for mixing the withdrawal liquid for the second circulation. For this purpose, at a suitable point in the mixing valve 14, for example on or provided near the terminals, temperature sensors (not shown), the adjustment or regulation of the mixing valve is based on the measured temperature values. The temperature sensors can also be arranged at suitable other locations, for example in the liquid lines 16a, 16b, 16c or indirectly in the respective liquid layers. The third connection 15c is generally used for the return of the liquid 6 from the second liquid circuit, ie the cooled return liquid 6 is reintroduced into the latter near the lower end of the storage heater 7 via the liquid line 16c.

In the illustrated embodiment, a hot water tank 17 for the heating and storage of hot water for hot water supply of the household is arranged in the storage heater 7. This is an optional device. The lower part of the hot water tank 17 forms the secondary side of a hot water heat exchanger 18, whose primary side is flowed through by the working medium 2 downstream to the condenser 9 and upstream to the expansion valve 5. The already in the condenser 9 at least partially condensed working fluid 2 is here more energy to the hot water in the hot water tank 17 and thereby heats the water contained in the hot water tank 17.

The above-described two core aspects of the invention, the provision of the riser with outlet openings in the storage heater, following the upper connecting line between the condenser and storage heater, and the provision of the sampling mixer (removal device with removal tap in at least two different heights of the storage heater and mixing the liquids to achieve desired removal temperature) are also claimed separately from each other. The applicant expressly reserves the right to claim, in partial or subsequent applications, articles which are defined solely by the combination of features (a) to (h) and the combination of features (a) to (g) and (i). As already stated, each of these objects is advantageous for itself. The missing features i) or h) and the features of the subclaims can in turn be attached to these objects as subclaims; they respectively form the named objects.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1 heat pump heating

2 working medium

3 evaporators

4 compressor

5 expansion valve

6 liquid

7 storage heater

8a upper connecting line

8b lower connection line

9 condenser, designed as a heat exchanger

10 circulation pump

11 riser

12 outlet opening

13 unloading device

14 mixing valve

15a first connection

15b second connection

15c third connection

16a first liquid line

16b second liquid line

16c third liquid line

17 hot water tank

18 hot water heat exchangers

Claims

claims

1. heat pump heating (1) a) with a working medium (2) in a closed circuit an evaporator (3), a compressor (4), the primary side of a

B) with a liquid (6), in particular water, which in a first closed circuit a storage heater (7) and the secondary side of the formed as a heat exchanger condenser (9) c) wherein storage heater (7) and condenser (9) for realizing the first fluid circuit via at least two connecting lines (8a, 8b), at least one upper connecting line (8a) and at least one lower connecting line (8b), are interconnected, d ) wherein the condenser (9) transfers energy from the working medium (2) to the liquid (6), e) wherein the liquid (6) in the storage heater (7) forms a temperature stratification in the direction of gravity;

Liquid layers have a greater temperature than in relation to lower-lying liquid layers, f) wherein the liquid (6) in a second closed circuit flows through the storage heater (7) and one or more heating and / or hot water preparation devices,

characterized,

g) that the first liquid circuit is driven by a circulating pump (10), h) that the upper connecting line (8a) between the condenser (9) and storage heater (7) in a arranged in the interior of the Speichererhitzers (7) riser (11) merges, a plurality of outlet openings (12) in different height in the storage heater (7 i) that the storage heater (7) has a removal device (13) for the removal of liquid (6) with a desired or has predetermined temperature for the second fluid circuit, wherein the removal device (13) for obtaining the extraction temperature picks up the liquid to be taken from at least two different heights in the storage heater (7) and mixes.

2. Heat pump heater according to claim 1, characterized in that a) that the removal device (13) comprises a mixing valve (14), in particular a motor-controlled mixing valve (14), with at least two terminals (15a, 15b, 15c), b) wherein the first Terminal (15a) terminates via a first liquid line (16a) open at the opposite end in a first liquid layer of the storage heater (7), c) wherein the second connection (15b) is via a second liquid line (16b) open at the opposite end in a second liquid layer e) wherein the first liquid layer is arranged higher in the memory than the second liquid layer, e) wherein at least one temperature sensor for determining the temperature of the first liquid layer and at least one temperature sensor for determining the temperature of the second liquid layer are provided f) wherein a control and / or regulating device of the mixing valve ( 14) the mixing ratio between the liquid to be taken out of the first liquid layer and out of the second liquid line and thus controls and / or regulates the temperature of the sampling liquid.

3. Heat pump heater according to claim 2, characterized in that a) the mixing valve (14) has a third connection (15c), b) wherein the third connection (15c) via a third liquid line open at the opposite end 816c) in a third liquid layer of Storage heater (7) ends, which is below the first liquid layer and the second liquid layer.

4. heat pump heater according to claim 3, characterized in that the return of the second fluid circuit in addition to the removal via the mixing valve (14).

5. Heat pump heater according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the circulation pump (10) of the first circuit in the upper connecting line (8a) or in the lower connecting line (8b) between the condenser (9) and storage heater (7) is arranged

6. Heat pump heater according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a) in the storage heater (7) a hot water tank (17) is arranged for the heating and storage of hot water, b) wherein a portion of the hot water tank (17) the secondary side of a hot water Formed heat exchanger (18) whose primary side of the working medium (2) downstream of the condenser (9) and upstream flows through to the expansion valve (5).