WO2010133182A1 - Led光源的非成像光学定向配光方法 - Google Patents

Led光源的非成像光学定向配光方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010133182A1
WO2010133182A1 PCT/CN2010/073051 CN2010073051W WO2010133182A1 WO 2010133182 A1 WO2010133182 A1 WO 2010133182A1 CN 2010073051 W CN2010073051 W CN 2010073051W WO 2010133182 A1 WO2010133182 A1 WO 2010133182A1
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Prior art keywords
light
led
light distribution
incident
distribution lens
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PCT/CN2010/073051
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English (en)
French (fr)
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胡家培
胡民海
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西安智海电力科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2010133182A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010133182A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B3/00—Simple or compound lenses
    • G02B3/0006—Arrays
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V5/00—Refractors for light sources
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B3/00—Simple or compound lenses
    • G02B3/02—Simple or compound lenses with non-spherical faces
    • G02B3/08—Simple or compound lenses with non-spherical faces with discontinuous faces, e.g. Fresnel lens
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/02—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements
    • G02B5/0205—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterised by the diffusing properties
    • G02B5/021—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterised by the diffusing properties the diffusion taking place at the element's surface, e.g. by means of surface roughening or microprismatic structures
    • G02B5/0215—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterised by the diffusing properties the diffusion taking place at the element's surface, e.g. by means of surface roughening or microprismatic structures the surface having a regular structure
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/02—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements
    • G02B5/0273—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterized by the use
    • G02B5/0278—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterized by the use used in transmission
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
    • F21Y2115/00—Light-generating elements of semiconductor light sources
    • F21Y2115/10—Light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L33/48—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor body packages
    • H01L33/58—Optical field-shaping elements

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of non-imaging optical light distribution, and particularly relates to a non-imaging optical directional light distribution method for an LED light source.
  • Functional lighting fixtures such as street lamps and tunnel lights require that the illumination at every point in the illumination range must meet the minimum illumination index, the highest glare requirement index, the light intensity uniformity indicator, and the illumination area limitation requirements required by the lighting specification. And energy saving, environmental performance and other requirements are also very high.
  • the luminaire In order to improve the lighting effect and protect the health of the human eye, it is necessary to use the luminaire to illuminate the optical system, that is, to illuminate a light field with uniform illumination by a light illumination at a given road location and a given road surface area. Light outside a given area is considered to be invalid light.
  • the light distribution of traditional lighting fixtures mainly relies on the reflection cup to reflect and distribute the light, control the light in a reasonable prescribed area, and improve the uniformity of the light intensity.
  • the main disadvantage of this method of distributing light intensity by reflection is that the light energy loss is large and the power consumption is large.
  • the package of common LED light source is shown in Figure 1.
  • the light intensity distribution E is proportional to the cosine of the light exit angle ⁇ ', and the illuminance ⁇ formed by the light emitted by the LED light source 101 on the illuminated surface is rapidly attenuated as the exit angle ⁇ ' increases.
  • the LED light source 101 can be regarded as a Lambertian light source with a 180 degree angle of light, and the light intensity distribution is strong in the center and weakened in the periphery, as shown in Fig. 2.
  • Figure 3 is a measured light distribution curve of a 240W symmetrical, unsuitable light-emitting LED street light showing a substantial portion of the light energy leaking out of the active area frame 102. The results show that the ineffective light greatly reduces the lighting effect. In order to achieve lighting requirements, the power output can only be increased to 240W, resulting in wasted energy.
  • Figure 4 shows the measured light distribution curve of a 150W butterfly type LED street light. The results show that the uniformity of illumination is poor, there is glare along the illuminated surface, and there is a blind zone in the illuminated area.
  • LED light sources are generally classified into two types: single light source and multiple light source.
  • Multi-source luminaires are not only heavy, but also create multiple shadows, limiting power expansion and range of use, especially for vehicles and pedestrians.
  • the light distribution is mainly to imitate the traditional lamps, relying on the reflector cup to reflect the light distribution. Due to the presence of Lambertian's characteristics, the reflector can reflect less light, and it is impossible to fundamentally improve the intensity of the center of the LED light source and the weakening of the periphery.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a non-imaging optical directional light distribution method for an LED light source, which solves the problem that the prior art cannot fundamentally improve the Lambertian characteristics of the LED light source, thereby failing to achieve directional light distribution, resulting in poor uniformity of light distribution.
  • Technical problems with low light efficiency are to provide a non-imaging optical directional light distribution method for an LED light source, which solves the problem that the prior art cannot fundamentally improve the Lambertian characteristics of the LED light source, thereby failing to achieve directional light distribution, resulting in poor uniformity of light distribution.
  • the invention overcomes the Lambertian property of the LED light source by utilizing the refraction phenomenon of light from the light-tight substance to the light-dissipating substance, that is, the characteristic that the center of the light intensity distribution is strong and the periphery is weakened.
  • the invention redistributes the energy of the LED light source by the directional refractive non-imaging light distribution lens, and shapes and changes the light emitted by the LED light source to realize the full utilization of the light energy and the directional control of the light intensity distribution, so that the LED point light source Become a surface light source with a uniform lens surface.
  • the implementation steps are as follows:
  • the direction of the light emitted by the LED light through the light distribution lens is determined, thereby obtaining the exit angle of the LED light after passing through the light distribution lens ⁇ 4;
  • ⁇ l f ( ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2, ⁇ 3, ⁇ 4),
  • the LED light is incident on the light distribution lens at an incident angle ⁇ 1, and is refracted by the light distribution lens to obtain LED directional light.
  • the invention has the following advantages:
  • the light collecting angle is large, and the light energy of the LED light source can be fully utilized, the light efficiency is high, and the power required for realizing the lighting requirement is small, so energy saving can be achieved.
  • the Lambertian characteristic of the LED light source is changed, so that the light intensity distribution of the LED light source is reduced with the increase of the exit angle, and is suitable for various functional lighting fixtures, and the product has high reliability.
  • Figure 1 shows the packaging of existing LED light sources.
  • Figure 2 shows the Lambertian source of the LED light source equivalent to a 180° exit angle.
  • Figure 3 shows the measured light distribution curve of the existing 240W symmetrical type without suitable light distribution LED street light.
  • Figure 4 shows the measured light distribution curve of the existing 150W butterfly type light distribution LED street light.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic optical view of a directional refractive plane of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic view showing the astigmatic refracting of the light distribution lens of the present invention.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic view showing the refracting of the directional beam of the light distribution lens of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic view showing the orientation of the light distribution lens of the present invention.
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic view showing the structure of a directional refractive light distribution lens of the present invention designed by Pro/Engineer software.
  • Figure 10 is a LightTools software simulation conical surface intensity diagram of a conventional symmetrical LED street light without proper light distribution.
  • Figure 11 is a LightTools software simulation conical surface intensity diagram of an LED street light using the directional refractive light distribution lens of the present invention.
  • Figure 12 is a LightTools software simulation light distribution curve of an LED street light using the directional refractive light distribution lens of the present invention.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of an engineering application of simulating an LED street lamp using the directional refractive light distribution lens of the present invention.
  • Figure 14 is a light distribution diagram of an LED street lamp using the directional refractive non-imaging optical lens of the present invention.
  • Figure 15 is a measured light distribution curve of an LED street lamp using the directional refractive non-imaging optical lens of the present invention.
  • Figure 16 is a comparison of LED street lights of the same power, same light source, and different lens conditions.
  • Figure 17 is a measured light distribution curve of an LED street lamp using 150 watts of the refracting non-imaging optical lens of the present invention.
  • Nm and Nn are the refractive indices of the two media, respectively, and ⁇ m and ⁇ n are the incident angle and the refraction angle, respectively.
  • the refractive index of the incident medium of the light distribution lens N1 the refractive index of the light distribution lens N2, the refractive index of the exit medium of the LED light after passing through the light distribution lens N3; the incident angle of the LED light incident on the light distribution lens ⁇ 1, The angle of refraction after entering the light distribution lens ⁇ 2, the incident angle ⁇ emitted to the exit medium ⁇ 3, the exit angle 6 after passing through the light distribution lens, and the angle ⁇ between the incident surface of the light distribution lens and the exit surface.
  • N3sin ⁇ 4 N2sin ⁇ 3
  • Light distribution lens strip-shaped astigmatic refracting As shown in Fig. 8, the LED light of the Lambertian source, which can be equivalent to the 180° exit angle, passes through the toothed oriented strip-shaped refractive lens, and the light will be oriented toward The tooth shape is refracted in the vertical strip direction, so that the light field is distributed into a strip shape, the light intensity is increased in the strip direction, the light intensity is weakened in other directions, and the light uniform processing can be performed.
  • the direction of the light emitted by the LED light after passing through the light distribution lens is determined, thereby obtaining the exit angle ⁇ 4 of the LED light after passing through the light distribution lens.
  • ⁇ l f ( ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2, ⁇ 3, ⁇ 4),
  • the incident angle ⁇ 1 at which the LED light is incident on the light distribution lens is obtained.
  • the incident surface and the exit surface of the light distribution lens can be determined.
  • the LED light is incident on the light distribution lens at an incident angle ⁇ 1, and is refracted by the light distribution lens to obtain LED directional light.
  • the light distribution lens of the present invention may be a glass material, a PC material or a PMMA material.
  • the glass material has the characteristics of high temperature resistance and high penetration rate.
  • PC material is polycarbonate material
  • PMMA material is polymethyl methacrylate material. These two materials not only have high penetration rate, but also easy to achieve aspherical concentrating, reduce the yellow smudge phenomenon of the spot, and also make the product injection molding. Forming, making production costs lower.
  • the lens body 203 can also be made of a transparent PS material, that is, a transparent polystyrene material, commonly known as benzene.
  • Example of a simulated illumination lamp using the directional refractive non-imaging optical lens of the present invention By combining the directional refractive light distribution lenses of different directions by the present invention, light distribution of the projected light intensity distribution of the LED light source can be used to make the light intensity The distribution meets the requirements of the actual application.
  • Figure 9 shows the directional refracting lens of LED luminaires designed with Pro/Engineer software.
  • the light intensity distribution fully meets the requirements of road illumination intensity distribution. According to the shape of the road, the light intensity distribution of the useless part of the roadside and the outside of the house is refracted and compressed, and the useful light intensity distribution along the road direction is refracted, and uniform scattering optical processing is performed at the same time.
  • Figure 10 is a simulation of the conical surface intensity of the existing symmetrical light-emitting LED street light LightTools software.
  • the shape is symmetric and the light intensity is strong in the center.
  • the light intensity is rapidly decayed by the cosine shape away from the center of the circle. . That is, most of the luminous flux is irradiated to the center, and the surrounding light intensity is weak.
  • Fig. 11 is a diagram showing the cone-shaped intensity map of the LED street light LightTools software using the directional refracting lens of the present invention.
  • the shape is approximately rectangular, the light intensity is uniform in the rectangular region, and the light intensity distribution is uniform from the center of the rectangle to the periphery.
  • Figure 12 is a simulation of the light distribution curve using the directional refracting lens assembly LED street light LightTools software of the present invention.
  • the light exit angle at 40% light intensity is:
  • Figure 13 is an engineering application for simulating LED streetlights using the directional refracting lens of the present invention:
  • the light intensity distribution of the road light projected onto the road surface is approximately rectangular, and the ratio of the long CO of the rectangle to the width C90 is 2.41.
  • the 40% intensity beam angle of the CO surface is 133°
  • the 40% intensity beam angle of the C90 surface is 90°, which achieves precise control of the strong distribution of the road light.
  • the long side L (C0) and the short side (C90) W of the 40% light intensity road surface are:
  • the energy of the light is redistributed by the directional refractive non-imaging light distribution lens, and the light emitted by the LED light source is shaped and changed, thereby realizing the utilization of the light source energy and the orientation control of the light intensity distribution.
  • the directional refractive non-imaging optical lens combines the light of the LED light source to be refracted to the surface of the lens, so that the LED point light source is changed into a uniform surface light source on the lens surface, thereby improving the uniformity of light intensity distribution; changing the Lambertian characteristics of the LED light source
  • the attenuation of the LED street light intensity is small with the increase of the exit angle; the structure is simple, the light collecting angle is large, and the light energy utilization rate is high.
  • the measured 150W directional refractive non-imaging optical lensing LED street light distribution curve shown in Figure 17 is analyzed. The result is: good illumination uniformity, no glare along the road surface, high illumination efficiency, and low power required to achieve lighting requirements.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Non-Portable Lighting Devices Or Systems Thereof (AREA)
  • Led Device Packages (AREA)

Description

LED光源的非成像光学定向配光方法 技术领域
本发明属于非成像光学配光技术领域， 具体涉及一种 LED光源的非成像光学定 向配光方法。
背景技术
路灯、 隧道灯等功能性照明灯具， 要求照明范围内每一点的照度都必须满足照 明规范要求的最低照度指标、 最高眩光要求指标、 光强均匀度指标以及光照区域限 制要求， 对产品的可靠性及节能、 环保性能等要求也很高。 为了提高照明效果， 保 护人眼睛的健康， 必须利用灯具进行光学系统照明配光， 即在一个给定的道路位置 和给定的路面区域内， 由灯光照射形成一个照度均匀的光场， 照射到给定区域之外 的光被视为无效光。
传统照明灯具的配光主要是依靠反射杯对光线进行反射分配，将光线控制在合 理的规定区域内， 并提高光强的均匀度。 这种通过反射进行光强分配的方法， 其主 要缺点是光能损失大、 耗电量大。
常见 LED光源的封装如图 1所示。 其光强分布 E与出光角 θ ' 的余弦成正比， LED光源 101所发出的光线在被照表面上所形成的照度 Ε随出射角 θ ' 的增大而迅 速衰减。 LED光源 101可看作是一种 180度角度出光的具有朗伯 （Lambertian)特 性光源， 光强分布是中心强、 周边减弱， 如图 2所示。 如果不对 LED光源的特性进 行二次光学设计， 这样的光强分布很难满足功能照明用途的需求， 大量无效光的存 在不仅使光能损失大， 也大大地降低了照明效果。 以下是现有的 LED路灯灯具最大 光强处圆锥面光强分布曲线分析：
图 3为实测的 240W对称型无适当配光 LED路灯的配光曲线， 其显示有相当一 部分光能泄漏到有效区域框 102以外。 结果表明无效光大大地降低了照明效果。 为 实现照明要求， 只能将光源出功率提高至 240W, 造成能源浪费。
图 4为实测的 150W蝶型配光 LED路灯的配光曲线。 其显示结果表明照明的均 匀度很差， 沿照射面有眩光， 照射区域内有盲区。
LED光源一般分为单光源和多光源二类。
现有多光源 LED照明灯具，其配光是通过调整众多光源的安装角度对光强进行 直射分配， 形成的照明灯具是模组型的。 多光源灯具不仅重量重， 而且产生了多重 影， 限制了功率扩展和使用范围， 尤其对车辆和行人是严重的安全隐患。
现有单光源 LED照明灯具， 其配光主要是模仿传统灯具， 依靠反射杯对光线进 行反射分配。 由于朗伯 （Lambertian)特性的存在， 反光杯可以反射的光线很少， 无法从根本上改善 LED光源光强分布中心强、 周边减弱的特性。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种 LED光源的非成像光学定向配光方法，其解决了现 有技术无法从根本上改善 LED光源的朗伯特性， 从而不能实现定向配光， 导致配光 均匀度差、 光效低的技术问题。
本发明的技术方案如下：
本发明利用光线从光密物质到光疏物质的折射现象，来克服 LED光源的朗伯特 性， 即光强分布中心强、 周边减弱的特性。 本发明通过定向折射非成像配光透镜对 LED光源的能量进行重新分配， 对 LED光源所发出的光进行整形、 改变， 以实现光 能的充分利用和光强分布的定向控制， 使 LED点光源变为透镜表面均匀的面光源。 其实现歩骤如下：
(1)根据光场光斑的设计要求确定 LED光线经配光透镜后出射光的方向， 由此 可得 LED光经配光透镜后的出射角 Θ 4;
(2)选定 LED光线入射至配光透镜的入射介质折射率 Nl、 配光透镜折射率 N2 以及 LED光线经配光透镜后的出射介质折射率 N3;使 LED光线入射至配光透镜的入 射角 Θ 1、经配光透镜后的出射角 Θ 4以及入射介质折射率 Nl、配光透镜折射率 N2、 出射介质折射率 N3满足下列函数关系：
Θ l=f (Ν1、 Ν2、 Ν3、 Θ 4)，
具体为 9 4=sin-l (N2sin ( Θ - sin-1 (Nlsin θ /Ν2) /Ν3) ) ，
得到 LED光线入射至配光透镜的入射角 6 1；
(3)使配光透镜的入射面与出射面的夹角 θ、 LED光线入射至配光透镜的入射 角 Θ 1满足关系： Θ = Θ 1; 得到配光透镜入射面与出射面的夹角 Θ， 由此可确定 配光透镜的入射面与出射面；
(4)使 LED光线以入射角 Θ 1入射至配光透镜， 经配光透镜折射后， 得到 LED 定向光。 本发明具有如下优点：
1.收集光线角度大， 能充分利用 LED光源的光能， 光效高， 实现照明要求所需 要的功率小， 因此可节能。
2.可对 LED光源的光强分布定向控制，使 LED点光源变成透镜表面均匀的面光 源， 配光均匀度高， 可实现精密光分布控制。
3.改变了 LED光源的朗伯特性，使 LED光源的光强分布随着出射角度增大的衰 减较小， 适用于各类功能性照明灯具， 产品的可靠性高。
4.可以使照明范围内每一点的照度都完全满足照明规范要求， 即满足最低照度 指标、 最高眩光要求指标、 光强均匀度指标以及光照区域限制要求等。
5.照射区域内无盲区、 无眩光， 使用环保， 利于人眼睛健康。
6.实现方法简单， 成本低。
附图说明：
图 1为现有常见 LED光源的封装方式。
图 2为 LED光源等效为 180° 出光角的朗伯光源。
图 3为实测的现有 240W对称型无适当配光 LED路灯的配光曲线。
图 4为实测的现有 150W蝶型配光 LED路灯的配光曲线。
图 5是本发明的定向折射平面光学示意图。
图 6是本发明配光透镜定向散光折射示意图。
图 7是本发明配光透镜定向束光折射示意图。
图 8是本发明配光透镜定向带状折射示意图。
图 9是用 Pro/Engineer软件所设计的本发明定向折射配光透镜的结构示意 图。
图 10是现有的对称型无适当配光的 LED路灯的 LightTools软件仿真圆锥面光 强图。
图 11是使用本发明定向折射配光透镜的 LED路灯的 LightTools软件仿真圆锥 面光强图。
图 12是使用本发明定向折射配光透镜的 LED路灯的 LightTools软件仿真配光 曲线。
图 13是使用本发明定向折射配光透镜模拟仿真 LED路灯的工程应用示意图。 图 14是实测的使用本发明定向折射非成像光学配光透镜的 LED路灯的光分布 图。
图 15是实测的使用本发明定向折射非成像光学配光透镜的 LED路灯的配光曲 线。
图 16是同功率、 同光源、 不同透镜条件的 LED路灯的对比图。
图 17是实测 150W使用本发明定向折射非成像光学配光透镜的 LED路灯的配光 曲线。
具体实施方式
本发明配光透镜的定向折射原理：
(1. 1)斯涅尔定律： 光入射到不同介质的界面上会发生反射和折射。 其中入射 光和折射光位于同一个平面上， 并且与界面法线的夹角满足下列关系：
斯涅尔公式 Nmsin Θ m=Nnsin θ η，
其中， Nm和 Nn分别是两个介质的折射率， Θ m和 θ n分别是入射角和折射角。
(1. 2)配光透镜定向折射原理：
如图 5所示，配光透镜的入射介质折射率 Nl、配光透镜折射率 N2、 LED光线经 配光透镜后的出射介质折射率 N3; LED光线入射至配光透镜的入射角 Θ 1、 射入配 光透镜后的折射角 Θ 2、出射至出射介质的入射角 Θ 3、经配光透镜后的出射角 6 4； 配光透镜的入射面与出射面的夹角 θ。透镜体 203的折射率 N2 = l. 56; 透镜体 203 的入射介质、 出射介质均为空气， 则入射介质折射率 Nl =出射介质折射率 N3 = l。
当 LED光源的光线从空气入射至透镜体 203时， N2>N1; 贝 ij Θ 1〉 Θ 2， 光线发 生偏向法线的折射； 当光线从透镜体 203射入空气中时， N2〉N3， 贝 ij Θ 4〉Θ 3， 光 线发生偏离法线的折射， 其偏离法线， 定向折射的角度为 Θ 4。
··· Θ 1= Θ，
Nlsin Θ l=N2sin θ 2
sin Θ 2=Nlsin θ 1/ N2
Θ 2 = sin— 1 (Nlsin θ 1/ N2) =sin- 1 (Nlsin Θ / N2)
Θ 3= Θ 1— Θ 2= θ— Θ 2= Θ— sin- 1 (Nlsin Θ / N2)
N3sin Θ 4=N2sin Θ 3
sin Θ 4=N2sin Θ 3/ N3 9 4=sin- l (N2sin 9 3/ N3)
即 Θ 4=sin— l (N2sin ( Θ - sin-1 (Nlsin Θ / N2) / N3) )
若 Θ =30。
贝 lj 9 4=sin-l (1. 56sin (30° - sin—1 (sin30。 /1. 56) ) ) = 18°
(1. 3)配光透镜定向散光折射：如图 6所示，可等效为 180° 出光角的朗伯光源 的 LED光线穿过定向散光齿形透镜后， 光线会朝向和齿形垂直且偏离中心的方向折 射， 由此可改变光场分布形状， 使折射方向光强提高， 其他方向光强减弱， 还可进 行均匀散射光学处理。
(1. 4)配光透镜定向束光折射：如图 7所示，可等效为 180° 出光角的朗伯光源 的 LED光线穿过定向束光齿形透镜后，光线朝向和齿形垂直且向着中心的方向折射， 由此而改变光场分布形状， 使折射方向光强提高， 其他方向光强减弱， 还可对照射 至有效照明区域外的光进行折射压缩及光均匀处理。
(1. 5)配光透镜带状定向散光折射：如图 8所示，可等效为 180° 出光角的朗伯 光源的 LED光线穿过齿形定向带状折射透镜后， 光线会朝向和齿形垂直带状方向折 射， 使光场分布成带状形状， 在带状方向光强提高， 其他方向光强减弱， 还可进行 光均匀处理。
本发明具体实现歩骤如下：
(1)根据光场光斑的设计要求确定 LED光线经配光透镜后出射光的方向， 由此 可得 LED光经配光透镜后的出射角 Θ 4。
(2)选定 LED光线入射至配光透镜的入射介质折射率 Nl、 配光透镜折射率 N2 以及 LED光线经配光透镜后的出射介质折射率 N3;使 LED光线入射至配光透镜的入 射角 Θ 1、经配光透镜后的出射角 Θ 4以及入射介质折射率 N1、配光透镜折射率 N2、 出射介质折射率 N3满足下列函数关系：
Θ l=f (Ν1、 Ν2、 Ν3、 Θ 4)，
具体为 9 4=sin-l (N2sin ( e - sin-1 (Nlsin θ /N2) /N3) ) ,
得到 LED光线入射至配光透镜的入射角 Θ 1。
(3)使配光透镜的入射面与出射面的夹角 θ、 LED光线入射至配光透镜的入射 角 Θ 1满足关系： Θ = Θ 1; 得到配光透镜入射面与出射面的夹角 Θ， 由此可确定 配光透镜的入射面与出射面。 (4)使 LED光线以入射角 Θ 1入射至配光透镜， 经配光透镜折射后， 得到 LED 定向光。
本发明配光透镜可采用玻璃材料、 PC材料或 PMMA材料等。 玻璃材料具有耐高 温、穿透率高等特点。 PC材料即聚碳酸酯材料， PMMA材料即聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯材料， 此两种材料不仅穿透率较高， 容易实现非球面聚光， 减少光斑的黄暈斑现象， 还可 以使产品注塑成型，使生产成本较低。透镜体 203也可以采用透明 PS材料， 即透明 聚苯乙烯材料， 俗称透苯。
使用本发明定向折射非成像光学配光透镜的模拟仿真照明灯具实例： 利用本发明对不同方向的定向折射配光透镜进行组合，对 LED光源的投射光光 强分布进行配光， 可使光强分布满足实际应用要求。
图 9是用 Pro/Engineer软件设计的 LED灯具定向折射配光透镜， 其光强分布 完全满足道路照明光强分布的要求。 根据道路形状对路边、 屋边以外无用部分光强 分布进行折射压缩， 对道路沿伸方向的有用光强分布进行折射增强， 同时进行均匀 散射光学处理。
图 10是现有的对称型无适当配光 LED路灯 LightTools软件仿真圆锥面光强 图， 其形状为对称圆形， 中心地带光强很强； 沿径向远离圆心， 光强以余弦形迅速 衰减。 即大部分光通量照射到中心地带， 周边光强很弱。
图 11是使用本发明定向折射配光透镜的 LED路灯 LightTools软件仿真圆锥面 光强图， 其形状近似为长方形， 长方形区域内光强均匀， 远离长方形中心向周边的 光强分布线性均匀。
图 12是使用本发明定向折射配光透镜 LED路灯 LightTools软件仿真配光曲 线。
在实线所示的长边 C0面， 其光强 40%时的出光角为：
00^ (225+22. 5) - (135-22. 5) = 135° ；
在虚线所示的短边 C90面， 其光强 40%时的出光角为：
C90=225-135=90° 。
图 13是使用本发明定向折射配光透镜模拟仿真 LED路灯的工程应用：
40%光强 C0方向 (矩形长边)长度：
L=2HX tan (C0/2) =2HX tan (135。 /2) =4. 42H; 40%光强 C90方向 (矩形短边)长度：
W=2HX tan(C90/2) =2HXtan(90。 /2) =2H。
即： 当满足定向折射配光透镜 LED路灯 LightTools软件仿真配光曲线时， 路 灯投射到路面的光强分布为近似矩形， 矩形的长 CO与宽 C90之比为： 2.41。
由图 14所示的光强分布图以及图 15所示的配光曲线可见：实测结果与模拟仿 真数据基本一致。其 CO面 40%光强光束角为 133° ，其 C90面 40%光强光束角为 90° ， 实现了对路灯光强分布的精密控制。
当路灯杆高度为 10m时， 40%光强路面分布矩形长边 L (C0)及短边 (C90) W 为：
L=2HXtan(C0/2)=2HXtan(133° /2)=46(m)
W=2HXtan(C90/2) =2HXtan(90。 /2) =20 (m)
实例效果结论：
如图 16所示，通过定向折射非成像配光透镜对光的能量进行重新分配，对 LED 光源所发出的光进行整形和改变， 从而实现了光源能量的利用和光强分布的定向控 制。 定向折射非成像光学配光透镜， 把 LED光源的光线定向成折射到了透镜表面， 使 LED点光源改变成为透镜表面均匀的面光源，提高了光强分布均匀度；改变了 LED 光源的朗伯特性， 使 LED路灯光强的分布随着出射角度增大的衰减较小； 其结构简 单、 收集光线角度大、 光能量利用率高。
分析图 17所示的实测 150W定向折射非成像光学配光透镜 LED路灯配光曲线， 结果是： 照明均匀度好， 沿路面没有眩光， 照明效率高， 实现照明要求所需要的功 率小。

Claims

权利要求书
1.一种 LED光源的非成像光学定向配光方法， 其包括以下实现歩骤：
(1)根据光场光斑的设计要求确定 LED光线经配光透镜后出射光的方向， 由此 可得 LED光经配光透镜后的出射角 Θ 4;
(2)选定 LED光线入射至配光透镜的入射介质折射率 Nl、 配光透镜折射率 N2 以及 LED光线经配光透镜后的出射介质折射率 N3;使 LED光线入射至配光透镜的入 射角 Θ 1、经配光透镜后的出射角 Θ 4以及入射介质折射率 N1、配光透镜折射率 N2、 出射介质折射率 N3满足下列函数关系：
Θ l=f (Ν1、 Ν2、 Ν3、 Θ 4)，
得到 LED光线入射至配光透镜的入射角 Θ 1；
(3)使配光透镜的入射面与出射面的夹角 θ、 LED光线入射至配光透镜的入射 角 Θ 1满足下列关系：
Θ = Θ 1，
得到配光透镜入射面与出射面的夹角 Θ，由此可确定配光透镜的入射面与出射 面；
(4)使 LED光线以入射角 Θ 1入射至配光透镜， 经配光透镜折射后， 得到 LED 定向光。
2.根据权利要求 1所述的 LED光源的非成像光学定向配光方法， 其特征在于： 所述的 LED光线入射至配光透镜的入射角 Θ 1、 经配光透镜后的出射角 Θ 4以及入 射介质折射率 Nl、 配光透镜折射率 N2、 出射介质折射率 N3满足下列函数关系： 9 4=sin— l (N2sin ( Θ - sin— 1 (Nlsin θ /N2) /N3) )。
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