WO2010130685A1 - Extrait de parties aériennes d'artichaut et procédé de préparation - Google Patents

Extrait de parties aériennes d'artichaut et procédé de préparation Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010130685A1
WO2010130685A1 PCT/EP2010/056359 EP2010056359W WO2010130685A1 WO 2010130685 A1 WO2010130685 A1 WO 2010130685A1 EP 2010056359 W EP2010056359 W EP 2010056359W WO 2010130685 A1 WO2010130685 A1 WO 2010130685A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
extract
extraction
artichoke
phase
biomass
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PCT/EP2010/056359
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English (en)
Inventor
Marco Pinna
Fausto Pinna
Roberto Ringhini
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Biofarmitalia S.P.A.
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Publication date
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Publication of WO2010130685A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010130685A1/fr

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
    • A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
    • A61K36/185—Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
    • A61K36/28—Asteraceae or Compositae (Aster or Sunflower family), e.g. chamomile, feverfew, yarrow or echinacea
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
    • A23L33/105—Plant extracts, their artificial duplicates or their derivatives
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
    • A61K9/28—Dragees; Coated pills or tablets, e.g. with film or compression coating
    • A61K9/2806—Coating materials
    • A61K9/2813—Inorganic compounds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
    • A61P1/16—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system for liver or gallbladder disorders, e.g. hepatoprotective agents, cholagogues, litholytics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
    • A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs

Definitions

  • the present invention concerns an extract, preferably and substantially without water and solvents (dry) of the aerial parts of the artichoke (Cynara scolimus) and a method for the production thereof, in particular by means of extraction with solutions of water and ethanol.
  • the artichoke (the botanical name of which is Cynara scolimus) is a perennial herbaceous plant originating from southern Europe and is grown in regions with temperate winter climate.
  • the aerial parts consisting of leaves and inflorescences, contain characteristic molecular constituents including those belonging to the family of the flavonoids, glycosylates (cynaroside, scolymoside, inulin) and non- glycosylates (luteolin), monocaffeoylquinic polyphenols (chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid) and dicaffeoylquinic polyphenols (cynarin, 1 ,5 dicaffeoylquinic acid), sesquiterpenic lactones (cynaropicrin, cynarotriol) and phytosterols ( ⁇ -sitosterol).
  • a dry extract described in the European Pharmacopoeia 6th Edition and titrated in chlorogenic acid (min. 0.8%), is commonly used as an active substance in various forms of pharmaceutical preparations due to its hepatoprotective, antidyspeptic, cholagogic and choleretic properties.
  • Cynarin and caffeoylquinic acids are considered the main substances responsible for protective action vis-a-vis hepatotoxic agents and bile flow regulation (choleresis) which is increased in the event of reduced secretion caused by pathological factors.
  • These preparations are usually used in the case of dyspepsia (Barnes J. et al. in: Herbal Medicine - A guide for healthcare professionals, 2nd ed., Pharmaceutical Press - London, 2002 p. 61 -66).
  • Oral administration of extract of artichoke has no limitations in terms of duration of the treatment and the only contraindications are obstruction of the bile duct or evident allergy to the vegetable and other species of Compositae (Hansel R. et al. in: Handbuch der Pharmazeutica fürtechnik, 5th ed., vol. 4, Sphnter-Verlag - Berlin, 1992 p. 1117-1122).
  • Extracts comprising these compounds can be obtained by solid-liquid extraction from a biomass of aerial parts (leaves and/or flower heads) of the artichoke using an aqueous solution of ethanol (EtOH) at a concentration of 25-90%, or preferably 50-80%.
  • EtOH aqueous solution of ethanol
  • the elective technique used in commercial preparations is maceration, which consists in covering the vegetable mass with a hydroalcoholic solution in which the substances to be extracted are released at ambient temperature (18-25°C) by osmotic diffusion (see document US2004/0234674A1 ).
  • the main disadvantages of this method lie in the long contact times required to obtain acceptable quantities of substances extracted in relation to their presence in the vegetable mass.
  • duration of the process can furthermore facilitate degradation phenomena of the active compounds due to the hydrolytic and oxidising activity of enzymes present in the vegetable itself which are released in the extraction mixture.
  • the US patent 6,217,878B suggests an initial treatment of the biomass with steam at 100 0 C to denature said enzymes, but the heat can degrade the active substances (polyphenols) causing a significant reduction in their extraction.
  • the US application 2005/0053677A proposes addition of an acid substance and an antioxidant substance to the solvent in order to neutralise the enzymatic activity, but the introduction of non-natural exogenous substances, difficult to remove, may not be desirable.
  • the US patent 6,544,581 B discusses a process of extraction and purification of the polyphenol ⁇ substances from vegetable matrixes based on treatment of the biomass with hot water, preferably at a temperature of 87 - 100 0 C, for a period of up to 6 hours and subsequent concentration of the solute by means of an absorbent resin consisting of a styrene/divinylbenzene copolymer (XAD-16, Rohm & Haas, USA) or a thmethylolpropane thmethacrylate polymer (XAD-7HP, Rohm & Haas, USA).
  • XAD-7HP thmethylolpropane thmethacrylate polymer
  • the technique of percolation could be of industrial interest since the overall process times are less than 24 hours. It is a dynamic solid-liquid extraction in which flowing of the solvent on the biomass accelerates diffusion and mixing of the solutes.
  • This technique does not provide superior advantages in terms of total quantity of the extract obtained, hence an acceptable process yield requires increase in the temperature of the solvent to 60 - 100°C, more preferably to 70 - 80 0 C, or an increase in the kinetic energy of the solutes by means of ultrasounds or microwaves. Both solutions can nevertheless cause a loss in phenolic compounds extracted due to thermal degradation.
  • the invention also concerns a process for production of the above-mentioned extract, comprising: harvesting of the aerial parts of the artichoke (leaves and/or flower heads) followed by drying thereof at temperatures below 35°C and subsequent mechanical fragmentation; immersion of the biomass previously described in an aqueous solution of ethanol from 50 to 80% in volume to create an extraction mixture; dynamic extraction of the mixture thus formed via a sequence of phases of compression and decompression of the same; recovery of the extract from the solution in dry form.
  • the compression is performed at a pressure higher than 6 bars, preferably between 6 and 9 bars, more preferably at 8 bars; in the subsequent static phase the pressure is usually maintained at the values selected for a time between 5 and 60 min, preferably between 10 and 20 minutes, more preferably 15 minutes.
  • the subsequent decompression is performed by bringing the pressure back to values below 6 bars, preferably to pressure values below 1.5 bars, and more preferably around 1.01 bars.
  • the mixture is kept at low pressure for a period of time sufficient to allow effective mixing, hence preferably the operations of decompression, mixing and recompression which represent the dynamic phase last for a time of between 3 and 10 min, more preferably 5 minutes.
  • the extraction is performed at a temperature below 35°C, and preferably between 18 and 25°C obtaining a process percentage yield, expressed as weight of the dry extract with respect to the weight of the initial dried biomass, between 15 and 20%.
  • the process entails preliminary dehydration of the biomass harvested by means of a current of air heated to a temperature below 40 0 C, preferably to 30 ⁇ 1 0 C, followed by mechanical fragmentation of the dried product to increase the contact surface with the solvent during the extraction phase.
  • the extract is recovered by means of evaporation in a vacuum of the solution obtained with the extraction, operating at a temperature below 40 0 C, preferably at 35 ⁇ 1 °C, and prolonging the treatment for the time necessary to obtain the extract, or performing subsequent spray-drying of the concentrated extract.
  • the process of the present invention does not require, as a whole, temperatures above 35°C since it does not use the common techniques of maceration or percolation which, utilising osmotic diffusive phenomena, require endothermic conditions to operate rapidly and efficiently.
  • the chemical-physical conditions adopted in the process consequently favour a greater extraction efficiency and maximise the quantity of polyphenols that can be extracted in solution, avoiding loss of the thermolabile molecular species.
  • the particular characteristics of the solvent used for the extraction and the limited duration of the latter contribute to minimising the activity of any hydrolytic and oxidising enzymes coextracted, making it unnecessary to add inhibiting exogenous substances which would require further operative phases for their removal.
  • the extract obtained by this process shows a final concentration of flavonoids high enough to exclude any treatment with absorbing resins which would involve longer working times and higher costs.
  • FIG. 1 shows the chromatographic profile obtained with HPLC AGILENT 1200 system of an extract of artichoke prepared according to the process claimed.
  • Chromatographic conditions ECLIPSE XDB-C18 (5 ⁇ ) column 4.6x150 mm at 20 0 C; solvent A: 0.01 % TFA, solvent B: 99.99% CH 3 CN, 0.01 % TFA; elution gradient: 0-4 min. 5% B, 21 min. 22% B, 26 min. 22% B, 44 min. 35% B, 49 min. 80% B, 50 min. 5 % B, 60 min.
  • the pressure of the external liquid is increased to values between 6-9 bars, preferably 8 bars, and maintained at these values for a time varying between 5 and 60 minutes in order to allow effective penetration of the solvent into the biomass.
  • the rapid return to standard pressure values ( ⁇ 1.01 bars) generates an instantaneous gradient between inside and outside of the vegetable matrix which favours rapid outflow of the solvent with consequent entrainment of the solute contained in it.
  • a new increase in pressure is induced, consequently activating a subsequent static phase of solvation of the substances not chemically bound to the solid matrix.
  • This technique which is effective also at ambient temperature, allows rapid exhaustion of the biomass by means of successive extraction cycles based on alternation between static phases at high pressure and dynamic phases which perform decompression, mixing and compression of the solvent.
  • the process claimed is therefore different from the extractions, likewise defined dynamic, which use percolation with the sole aim of promoting mixing of the extractive solution outside the biomass.
  • the process described can be industrially implemented via use of the NM series extractor system, produced and marketed by the company DEPUREX 88 (IT). Adopting specific purposely studied operating parameters, it provides, in four hours, an extraction at ambient temperature (22-25°C) of the artichoke biomass which is efficient in quantitative terms and without the thermal degradation products usually present in those performed with some extraction methods of the known art.
  • the biomass used in the process proposed consists of leaves and/or flower heads of the artichoke plant which are preferably used in dried form obtained by means of partial dehydration.
  • Selection of the vegetable material suitable for extraction and starting of the drying process should be performed within 10 hours from harvesting of the material in the field to minimise the degradation processes of the active substances contained in it and the possibility of transformation of the biomass by any micro-organisms that may be present on it.
  • the material selected is dehydrated until obtaining a biomass weight no greater than 10% of its initial value.
  • the dehydration phase can be performed with stoves or heating cabinets, preferably using forced convection systems by means of an airflow thermostatted to 30 ⁇ 1 °C, and the time required to complete the process is directly proportional to the vegetable mass treated and to its water content.
  • drying of 10 kg of artichoke leaves of the Sardinian spinous variety requires treatment of ⁇ 96 hours to reduce the initial weight by 91 % using a heating chamber mod.
  • FD 115 produced by Binder GmhB (D) which operates at the thermal conditions indicated above.
  • the resulting biomass is coarsely chopped by mechanical means and kept in a vacuum in PA/PE (polyamide/polyethylene) bags at 4 - 6°C without light until it is used, or in another equivalent way known in the state of the art.
  • the solvent used for the extraction consists of an aqueous solution of EtOH with concentration between 50% and 80%, preferably 70% in volume. The use of a solvent with these characteristics allows good solubilisation and extraction of the active ingredients present in the endocellular compartment, promotes inhibition of the co-extracted hydrolytic enzymes, reducing degradation of the active ingredients, and facilitates reduction of the final volume of the extract produced.
  • the extraction involves alternation of the two static and dynamic phases previously described in a duration ratio which is optimally 3 : 1.
  • the best operating conditions have been obtained by performing an extraction cycle in which a static compression phase lasting 15 minutes is followed by a dynamic phase lasting 5 minutes in which the decompression/mixing/compression operations are performed.
  • the overall duration of the extraction process proposed can vary, according to a possible method of proceeding, from 3 to 10 hours. Optimal results are achieved using 12 successive cycles, equivalent to a total of 4 hours of treatment, a condition in which a yield of the extraction process equivalent to 150 - 200 g of dry extract per kilogram of dehydrated biomass is obtained.
  • the process according to the present invention allows the extract to be obtained in a solid form by means of complete evaporation of the solvent or preliminary reduction of the initial volume of solvent followed by spray-drying of the solute.
  • Evaporation of the solvent can be performed at temperatures below 40 0 C using instruments and techniques well known in the state of the art, however a preferred method is use of a thermostatic chamber, with continuous vapour suction, maintained preferably at 35 ⁇ 1 °C.
  • a non-limiting example of this process is transfer of the extractive solution to a container which provides a large evaporation surface and then to a Heraeus vacuum chamber mod. VT 6130M produced by Thermo Scientific (USA) set to a temperature of 35°C and maintained without air.
  • a possible alternative approach entails preliminary reduction of the volume of the extractive solution to approximately 2/3 of the initial value and subsequent conversion of the residue into powder by means of spray-drying.
  • a non-limiting example of this process is reduction in 4 - 5 hours of the extractive solution to 30 - 35% of its volume using the Heraeus vacuum chamber mod. VT 6130M in the conditions previously described and subsequent treatment of the residue with the MSD instrument mod.
  • B-290 (equipped with Inert Loop B-295) produced by Buchi SrI (IT) which in 30 minutes spray-dries the solute, transforming it into the dry extract.
  • the particular characteristics of the extract of artichoke obtained via the process claimed suggest use thereof in the treatment of slight-moderate hypercholesterolemia, since it contains a high titre of luteolin and significant quantities of cynaroside, a glycosilated form of luteolin which during intestinal absorption is transformed into its precursor.
  • the dry extract can be used in a product, for example in the form of a tablet, in which it is present as an active component in a quantity of no less than 250 mg so that two tablets per day provide no less than 500 mg of this component.
  • the product used to carry the dry extract can also be prepared in the form of capsule, hard capsules, granules or equivalent pharmaceutical forms, and contain structuring and carrying excipients commonly used and acceptable for a pharmaceutical preparation or for a food supplement, a category for which the extract is particularly suitable.
  • its use does not require a preliminary evaluation of the toxicity and carcinogenicity of the preparation since the use of hydroalcoholic extracts of the aerial parts of the artichoke in these quantities is widely described in the scientific literature and used in traditional medicine.
  • the procedures suitable for the production and preparation of products comprising the extract of the invention are prescribable on the national health service according to the pharmacopoeia and are available and commonly known to manufacturers of these types of preparation.
  • a biomass consisting of 4.2 kg of leaves and flower heads of artichoke (Cynara scolimus, Sardinian spinous variety) is transferred within 10 days from harvesting into a forced convection heating chamber mod.
  • FD 115 Binder GmhB into which air is introduced thermostatted at 30 ⁇ 1 0 C for 65 hours.
  • the biomass At the end of the treatment, the biomass has reduced its weight to 418 g and, after coarse mechanical fragmentation, it is placed in PA/PE bags which are thermally sealed after removal of the air and kept at 4-6°C.
  • active ingredient extract of artichoke 250 mg luteolin titre 0.19% cynaroside titre 3.37% excipients: calcium carbonate 203 mg hydroxypropyl cellulose 43 mg mono/di/triglyceride fatty acids 33 mg silicon dioxide 11 mg
  • the tabulated data show that taking 500 mg/day of artichoke extract for at least 7 weeks determines in all the subjects a percentage reduction in the initial level of cholesterol in the serum with an index between 8.5% and 18.8%.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

L'invention porte sur un extrait d'artichaut qui contient de la lutéoline en une quantité supérieure à 1,3 mg/g d'extrait sec et de la cynaroside en une quantité supérieure à 15 mg/g d'extrait sec. L'invention porte également sur un procédé, pour la préparation dudit extrait, qui comporte : la récolte, le séchage et la fragmentation des parties aériennes d'artichaut, suivis par le mélange de celles-ci avec une solution aqueuse d'éthanol à 70 % (par volume) afin de créer un mélange d'extraction ; l'extraction dynamique comportant une pluralité de phases de compression du mélange alternant avec des phases de décompression ; la récupération de l'extrait à partir de la solution par séchage. L'extrait a une activité hypolipémiante.
PCT/EP2010/056359 2009-05-12 2010-05-10 Extrait de parties aériennes d'artichaut et procédé de préparation WO2010130685A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ITMI2009A000814 2009-05-12
IT000814A ITMI20090814A1 (it) 2009-05-12 2009-05-12 Estratto delle parti aeree del carciofo e relativo metodo di produzione

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WO2010130685A1 true WO2010130685A1 (fr) 2010-11-18

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110297061A (zh) * 2019-07-25 2019-10-01 广西中医药大学 采用一测多评法测定山苦荬中绿原酸、咖啡酸和木犀草苷含量的方法

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1195050A (en) * 1966-09-23 1970-06-17 Ile De Rech Pharma Et Therapeu Method of Obtaining Depsides and Flavonoids Contained in Plants.
US20040234674A1 (en) * 2001-08-08 2004-11-25 Jurgen Eich Artichoke leaf extracts
WO2008105023A1 (fr) * 2007-02-28 2008-09-04 Isr Ecoindustria S.R.L. Procédé de production d'extraits nutraceutiques raffinés à partir des déchets d'artichaut et à partir d'autres plantes du genre cynara
WO2008107183A1 (fr) * 2007-03-07 2008-09-12 Indena S.P.A. Extraits de cynara scolymus et compositions qui les contiennent
WO2009100970A1 (fr) * 2008-02-14 2009-08-20 Swiss Caps Rechte Und Lizenzen Ag Forme galénique contenant des préparations de solanum melongena et de cynara scolymus

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1195050A (en) * 1966-09-23 1970-06-17 Ile De Rech Pharma Et Therapeu Method of Obtaining Depsides and Flavonoids Contained in Plants.
US20040234674A1 (en) * 2001-08-08 2004-11-25 Jurgen Eich Artichoke leaf extracts
WO2008105023A1 (fr) * 2007-02-28 2008-09-04 Isr Ecoindustria S.R.L. Procédé de production d'extraits nutraceutiques raffinés à partir des déchets d'artichaut et à partir d'autres plantes du genre cynara
WO2008107183A1 (fr) * 2007-03-07 2008-09-12 Indena S.P.A. Extraits de cynara scolymus et compositions qui les contiennent
WO2009100970A1 (fr) * 2008-02-14 2009-08-20 Swiss Caps Rechte Und Lizenzen Ag Forme galénique contenant des préparations de solanum melongena et de cynara scolymus

Non-Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
GEBHARDT R. ET AL., Z. PHYTOTHERAPIE, vol. 20, 1999, pages 95 - 96
GEBHARDT R., CELL BIOL. TOXICOL., vol. 13, 1997, pages 58
GEBHARDT R., J. PHARMACOL. EXP. THER., vol. 286, 1998, pages 1122 - 1128
KIRCHHOFF R. ET AL., PHYTOMEDICINE, vol. 1, 1994, pages 107 - 115
SAENZ RODRIGUEZ T ET AL: "Choleretic activity and biliary elimination of lipids and bile acids induced by an artichoke leaf extract in rats", PHYTOMEDICINE, GUSTAV FISCHER VERLAG, STUTTGART, vol. 9, no. 8, 1 January 2002 (2002-01-01), pages 687 - 693, XP004956971, ISSN: 0944-7113 *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110297061A (zh) * 2019-07-25 2019-10-01 广西中医药大学 采用一测多评法测定山苦荬中绿原酸、咖啡酸和木犀草苷含量的方法

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