WO2010130202A1 - 一种血液净化用变容式平衡器 - Google Patents

一种血液净化用变容式平衡器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010130202A1
WO2010130202A1 PCT/CN2010/072650 CN2010072650W WO2010130202A1 WO 2010130202 A1 WO2010130202 A1 WO 2010130202A1 CN 2010072650 W CN2010072650 W CN 2010072650W WO 2010130202 A1 WO2010130202 A1 WO 2010130202A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
diaphragm
cavity
chamber
balancer
solenoid valve
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2010/072650
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
高光勇
任应祥
彭佑铭
Original Assignee
重庆山外山科技有限公司
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Application filed by 重庆山外山科技有限公司 filed Critical 重庆山外山科技有限公司
Priority to RU2011150390/14A priority Critical patent/RU2495680C2/ru
Priority to BRPI1012139A priority patent/BRPI1012139A2/pt
Publication of WO2010130202A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010130202A1/zh

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
    • A61M1/14—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis
    • A61M1/16—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis with membranes
    • A61M1/1654—Dialysates therefor
    • A61M1/1656—Apparatus for preparing dialysates
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
    • A61M1/14—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis
    • A61M1/16—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis with membranes
    • A61M1/1621—Constructional aspects thereof
    • A61M1/1635—Constructional aspects thereof with volume chamber balancing devices between used and fresh dialysis fluid
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
    • A61M1/14—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis
    • A61M1/16—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis with membranes
    • A61M1/1654—Dialysates therefor
    • A61M1/1656—Apparatus for preparing dialysates
    • A61M1/1672—Apparatus for preparing dialysates using membrane filters, e.g. for sterilising the dialysate

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a component of a blood purification apparatus, and more particularly to a variable-capacity balancer that achieves dialysate configuration and dehydration from a human body while maintaining a dialysate flow rate per unit time.
  • Hemodialysis is one of the most important modes of blood purification treatment. It is currently the main treatment for patients with uremia and acute and chronic renal failure. Because the kidney organs of uremic patients partially or completely lose urinary function, hemodialysis is needed.
  • the two main functions of hemodialysis are: 1) By fixing a certain amount of dialysate and blood diffusion principle per unit time. Remove toxins from the body or correct acid-base balance; 2) Ultra-filter out excess water from human blood and tissue fluids through an ultrafiltration system.
  • a hemodialysis treatment is usually 4 to 5 hours, and the amount of dialysate that needs to be exchanged with blood is 120 to 150 L.
  • Such a large amount of dialysate exchanges substances with blood, so dialysis into the dialyzer per unit time.
  • the amount of liquid and the amount of waste liquid from the dialyzer must be equal. Otherwise, it will not achieve the purpose of dehydration from the human body, and it is prone to imbalance of liquid volume, which may cause danger to the patient's life.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a variable capacity balancer for blood purification, which can solve the configuration of the dialysate, the flow control of the dialysate and realize the dehydration from the human body by using one member.
  • a variable volume balancer for blood purification comprising a bracket, a cavity and a diaphragm, wherein the cavity is mounted on the bracket, the key is: spacing in the cavity of the cavity There are two diaphragms, the first diaphragm and the second diaphragm separating the inner cavity of the cavity into the first chamber and the second chamber, and a silicone oil chamber is formed between the two diaphragms, and the silicone oil chamber passes through
  • the silicone oil pipe is connected to the inner cavity of the piston pump, and the piston pump is fixed on the bracket; a through hole is formed in the cavity wall of the first chamber, and the through hole passes through the pipeline and the inlet of the first three-way electromagnetic valve
  • the joint is connected, and a through hole is also formed in the wall of the second chamber, and the through hole is connected to the inlet joint of the second three-way solenoid valve through the pipeline.
  • the silicone oil chamber is filled with silicone oil.
  • the first diaphragm and the second diaphragm are hydraulically pushed toward the second chamber.
  • the second chamber is drained through the second three-way solenoid valve; similarly, when the second chamber is fed through the second three-way solenoid valve, the first diaphragm and the second diaphragm are pushed by the hydraulic pressure
  • the first chamber moves to cause the first chamber to drain through the first solenoid valve.
  • the silicone oil chamber can be changed by the suction of the silicone oil by the piston pump, thereby changing the size of the first and second chambers.
  • the invention has the advantages of simple structure, easy disassembly and assembly, and good reliability.
  • the invention can be used with the electromagnetic valve and the gear pump to realize the dehydration and dialysis from the human body through the suction of the silicone oil by the piston pump.
  • the liquid configuration makes the entire dialysis equipment water system simpler and more reliable.
  • the cavity is formed by fastening the left and right halves, and the two are fixed by screws.
  • a pressure ring is arranged between the edges of the first and second diaphragms, and the pressure ring and the first and the second The edges of the two diaphragms are pressed by the two halves, and a pressure ring joint is fixed on the top of the pressure ring by a pressure plate, and the pressure ring joint is connected with the silicone oil pipe, and the inner hole of the pressure ring joint is opened through the top of the pressure ring.
  • the through hole communicates with the silicone oil chamber.
  • a sealing ring is installed between the pressure ring joint and the pressure ring.
  • a lead-through hole is defined in the upper part and the lower part of the first chamber wall, and the outer ports of each lead-through hole are respectively provided with a joint, and the upper and lower joints are respectively connected with the two ports of the three-way hose,
  • the third port of the three-way hose is connected to the inlet port of the first three-way solenoid valve.
  • the upper and lower portions of the second chamber wall are provided with a through-flow hole, and the outer ports of each of the lead-through holes are provided with joints, and the upper and lower joints are respectively connected with the two ports of the three-way hose
  • the third port of the three-way hose is connected to the inlet joint of the second three-way solenoid valve.
  • the first and second three-way solenoid valves are arranged side by side, and are fixed on the bracket by screws.
  • the beneficial effects of the invention are: 1.
  • the structure is simple and practical, the assembly is convenient and fast, and the operation is reliable. It can ensure the flow rate through the cavity per unit time is accurate, and the balance of dialysate and waste liquid flow is precisely ensured.
  • the invention can realize the functions of the ultrafiltration pump and the concentrate pump, so that the dialysis equipment can omit the concentrate pump used in the ultrafiltration pump and the dialysate configuration, simplifying the entire waterway system and reducing the cost.
  • the silicone oil filled in the silicone oil chamber has stable chemical properties and good biological properties. It can effectively improve the precision of liquid dispensing and ultrafiltration precision when used in dialysis equipment.
  • Figure 1 is a front view of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a left side view of Figure 1.
  • Figure 3 is a plan view of Figure 1.
  • Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of Figure 1.
  • Fig. 5 is a reference view of the use state of the present invention.
  • the present invention comprises a bracket 1, a cavity 2, a first diaphragm 3, a second diaphragm 4, a silicone oil pipe 8, a piston pump 9, and a first three-way electromagnetic
  • the valve 10 the second three-way solenoid valve 11, the pressure ring 12, the pressure ring joint 13, the pressure plate 14, the joint 15, and the three-way hose 16 are formed.
  • a cavity 2 a piston pump 9, a first three-way solenoid valve 10 and a second three-way solenoid valve 11 are fixed on the bracket 1, wherein the piston pump 9 is disposed at the top of the bracket 1, and the first three-way solenoid valve 10
  • the second three-way solenoid valve 11 is located on one side of the bracket 1
  • the cavity 2 is located on the other side of the bracket 1
  • the first three-way solenoid valve 10 and the second three-way solenoid valve 11 are arranged side by side.
  • the cavity 2 is formed by fastening the left half 2a and the right half 2b, and the two are fixed by screws to form the inner cavity of the cavity 2.
  • the tops of the left half body 2a and the right half body 2b are respectively provided with grooves of a shape and size in the axial direction, and the left half body 2a and the right half body 2b are engaged with each other. After that, the two partial grooves are combined to form the top slot of the cavity 2, and the step surface at the bottom of the top slot is not higher than the top of the pressure ring 12.
  • a first diaphragm 3 and a second diaphragm 4 are disposed in the inner cavity of the cavity 2, and a pressure ring 12 is disposed between the edges of the first diaphragm 3 and the second diaphragm 4, the pressure ring 12 and the first The edges of the diaphragm 3 and the second diaphragm 4 are respectively pressed and pressed by the left half 2a and the right half 2b.
  • a silicone oil chamber 7 is formed between the second diaphragm 4.
  • a lead-through hole 2c is defined in an upper portion and a lower portion of the chamber wall of the first chamber 5, and an outer port of each of the lead-through holes 2c is provided with a joint 15, and the upper and lower joints 15 are respectively connected with a three-way hose The two ports of 16 are connected, and the third port of the three-way hose 16 of the first chamber 5 is connected to the inlet port of the first three-way solenoid valve 10.
  • the upper and lower portions of the chamber wall of the second chamber 6 are provided with a through-flow hole 2d, and the outer ports of each of the lead-through holes 2d are provided with joints, and the upper and lower joints are respectively connected with another three-way hose.
  • the two ports of 16 are connected, and the third port of the three-way hose 16 of the second chamber 6 is connected to the inlet port of the second three-way solenoid valve 11.
  • the pressure ring joint 13 is fixed in the top slot of the cavity 2 by the pressure plate 14, and the inner hole of the pressure ring joint 13 passes through the through hole opened at the top of the pressure ring 12 and the silicone oil.
  • the chamber 7 is in communication, and a seal ring 25 is mounted between the pressure ring joint 13 and the pressure ring 12.
  • the pressure ring joint 13 is connected to one end of the silicone oil pipe 8, and the other end of the silicone oil pipe 8 is connected to the pipe interface of the piston pump 9.
  • the inner cavity of the piston pump 9 passes through the silicone oil pipe 8, the inner hole of the pressure ring joint 13, and the pressure ring.
  • the through hole opened at the top of the 12 is communicated with the silicone oil chamber 7.
  • the silicone oil chamber 7 is filled with silicone oil, and when the liquid is introduced into the first chamber 5 through the first three-way solenoid valve 10, the three-way hose 16, and the upper and lower two through-flow holes 2c, , the first diaphragm 3 and the second diaphragm 4 are moved to the right under the hydraulic pressure, so that the second chamber 6 passes through the second three-way solenoid valve 1 1
  • the second chamber 6 is fed through the second three-way solenoid valve 1 1
  • the three-way hose and the upper and lower two through holes 2 d the first diaphragm 3 and the second diaphragm 4 are in hydraulic pressure.
  • the push moves to the left to discharge the first chamber 5 through the first solenoid valve 10.
  • the first diaphragm 3 and the second diaphragm 4 are moved left and right, if the size of the silicone oil chamber 7 is kept constant, the amount of liquid entering and discharging the first chamber 5 and the second chamber 6 can be ensured at all times. Consistent.
  • the size of the silicone oil chamber 7 can be changed by suction of the silicone oil by the piston pump 9, thereby changing the first chamber 5 and the second chamber. The size of 6.
  • the present invention when used in a dialysis apparatus, two balancers and four three-way solenoid valves can be used in combination, and the upper end passage of the first three-way solenoid valve 10 in the first balancer 17 passes through the tube.
  • the road is connected to the lower end passage of the second three-way solenoid valve 11 in the second balancer 18, and the waste line pipe 19 is connected to the line, and the waste liquid pipe 19 is connected to the waste liquid pool through the series solenoid valve V4.
  • the lower end passage of the first three-way solenoid valve 10 in the first balancer 17 is connected to the upper end passage of the second three-way solenoid valve 11 in the second balancer 18 through a pipeline, and the inlet pipe 20 is connected to the pipeline.
  • the tube 20 is connected to the upper interface of the dialyzer 21 after the series gear pump FQ.
  • the upper end passage of the second three-way solenoid valve 1 in the first balancer 17 is connected to the lower end passage of the first three-way solenoid valve 10 in the second balancer 18 through a pipeline, and the dialysate is connected to the pipeline 22, the dialysate tube 22 is sequentially connected in series with a solenoid valve V3 and a gear pump TQ, and the gear pump TQ is connected to the reverse osmosis water.
  • the liquid eluent tube 22 is connected with the A liquid tube 23 and the B liquid tube 24, and the A liquid tube 23 is connected in series with the electromagnetic valve VI and connected to the A liquid container, and the B liquid tube 24 is connected to the B liquid container after the solenoid valve V2 is connected in series.
  • the lower end passage of the second three-way solenoid valve 1 1 in the first balancer 17 and the upper end passage of the first three-way solenoid valve 10 in the second balancer 18 are connected to the lower port of the dialyzer 21 through a pipe.
  • the waste liquid in the dialyzer 21 is driven by the first gear pump FQ into the first chamber on the left side of the second balancer 18 cavity 2 through the upper end passage of the second three-way solenoid valve 11 in the second balancer 18. 5, and at the same time, the right second chamber 6 discharges the dialysate to the dialyzer 21 through the upper end passage of the first three-way solenoid valve 10 in the second balancer 18 until the diaphragm is in close contact with the chamber wall. Then the piston pump 9 in the second balancer 18 draws a certain amount of silicone oil from the silicone oil chamber 7, so that the amount of waste liquid that enters the first chamber 5 in the chamber 2 of the second balancer 18 by the dialyzer 21 increases.
  • the increased amount is the amount of the extracted silicone oil, that is, the amount of dehydration; meanwhile, the heated reverse osmosis water is driven by the second gear pump TQ through the upper end passage of the second three-way solenoid valve 11 in the first balancer 17.
  • the first balancer 17 is in the second chamber 6 on the right side of the cavity 2, and at the same time, the left first chamber 5 is discharged through the upper end passage of the first three-way solenoid valve 10 in the first balancer 17 until the diaphragm Close to the cavity wall.
  • the solenoid valve V3 is closed, the solenoid valve V4 is closed, and the solenoid valve VI is opened.
  • the piston pump in the first balancer 17 is opened. 9 pumping out a certain amount of silicone oil, because the lower end of the second three-way solenoid valve 11 of the second chamber 6 in the chamber 2 of the first balancer 17 and the solenoid valve V3 are closed, so that the same amount of liquid A as the silicone oil can be drawn into the first A balancer 17 is inside the second chamber 6 of the cavity 2.
  • the solenoid valve VI is closed and the solenoid valve V2 is opened.
  • the piston pump 9 in the first balancer 17 draws in a certain amount of silicone oil to draw the same amount of fluid B as the silicone oil into the second chamber of the first balancer 17 chamber 2.
  • the process is to achieve the configuration of the dialysate.
  • the second process is completely opposite to the first process, as is the configuration of the dialysate and the ultrafiltration dewatering.
  • the dialysate configuration By repeating the first process and the second process, the dialysate configuration, flow control of the dialysate per unit time, and dehydration from the body ultrafiltration can be achieved.

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Description

一种血液净化用变容式平衡器 技术领域
本发明涉及一种血液净化设备的构件， 尤其涉及变容式平衡器， 在保证单 位时间透析液流量的同时实现透析液配置和从人体脱水。
背景技术
血液透析（HD )是血液净化治疗的一种最重要的模式， 它目前是治疗尿毒 症、 急慢性肾衰综末期患者赖以生存的主要治疗方式。 由于尿毒症患者的肾脏 器官部分或完全失去了排尿功能， 故需要进行血液透析治疗， 而血液透析的两 个主要作用为： 1 )单位时间内通过固定一定量的透析液与血液的弥散原理来 清除体内毒素或纠正酸碱平衡； 2 )通过超滤系统从人体血液和组织液中超滤 出多余水分。
对于尿毒症患者来说， 一次血液透析治疗一般为 4〜5小时， 需要与血液 交换的透析液数量为 120〜150L， 如此大量的透析液与血液进行物质交换， 故 单位时间进入透析器的透析液量和从透析器出来的废液量需保证相等，否则不 但达不到从人体脱水的目的， 而且容易出现液体量失衡， 进而对患者生命产生 危险。
中国专利 ZL 200610054252. 8于 2008年 12月 3日公告了一种血液净化用 容量平衡及超滤装置， 采用容量平衡器组件和超滤泵相结合的方式工作。容量 平衡器组件保证单位时间内透析液和废液进出容量平衡器组件的流量相等，容 量平衡器组件上的各电磁阀分别与控制电路电连接，该控制电路内利用单片机 负责协调八个电磁阀的开、 闭。 八个电磁阀交替开、 闭， 利用两个齿轮泵产生 的压力使容量平衡器组件上每一个空腔中的隔膜向左或向右移动，从而实现每 一个腔室的填充和排空。 以上装置利用压力监测器采集压力信号， 并通过控制 电路调节泵的转速， 主要存在如下不足：
1、 要完成从人体脱水必须采用其它高精度的超滤泵一起协调工作才能实 现， 系统复杂， 可靠度低。
2、 要实现反渗水与浓缩液的配置需要与高精度的计量泵一起使用才能实 现， 成本较高。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于提供一种血液净化用变容式平衡器，采用 一个构件即可解决透析液的配置、 透析液的流量控制和实现从人体脱水。
本发明的技术方案如下： 一种血液净化用变容式平衡器， 包括支架、 腔体 和膜片， 其中腔体安装于支架上， 其关键在于： 在所述腔体的内腔中间隔设置 有两块膜片， 第一膜片和第二膜片将腔体的内腔分隔成第一腔室和第二腔室， 并且两块膜片之间形成硅油腔室， 该硅油腔室通过硅油管与活塞泵的内腔相 通， 活塞泵固定在支架上； 在所述第一腔室的腔壁上开设有引流通孔， 该引流 通孔通过管路与第一三通电磁阀的进口接头相连，在所述第二腔室的腔壁上也 开设有引流通孔， 该引流通孔通过管路与第二三通电磁阀的进口接头相连。
采用以上技术方案， 在硅油腔室内充满硅油， 当第一腔室通过第一三通电 磁阀进液时， 第一膜片和第二膜片在液压的推动下朝着第二腔室运动， 使第二 腔室通过第二三通电磁阀排液；同理，当第二腔室通过第二三通电磁阀进液时， 第一膜片和第二膜片在液压的推动下朝着第一腔室运动，使第一腔室通过第一 电磁阀排液。第一膜片和第二膜片在左右移动过程中， 如果保持硅油腔室的大 小不变， 即可时刻保证第一、 第二腔室进入和排出的液体量完全一致。 当第一 膜片、第二膜片被贴紧腔壁时， 可通过活塞泵对硅油的抽吸来改变硅油腔室的 大小， 进而改变第一、 第二腔室的大小。 本发明自身结构简单、 拆装容易、 可 靠性好， 在进行透析治疗时， 本发明通过与电磁阀、 齿轮泵的配合使用， 可通 过活塞泵对硅油的抽吸来实现从人体脱水和实现透析液配置，使整个透析设备 水路系统更加简单和可靠。
上述腔体由左、右两个半体扣合而成，两者之间通过螺钉固定，所述第一、 第二膜片的边缘之间设有压环， 该压环和第一、第二膜片的边缘由两个半体压 紧， 在所述压环的顶部通过压板固定有压环接头， 该压环接头与硅油管连接， 并且压环接头的内孔通过压环顶部开设的通孔与硅油腔室相通。以上结构既简 单实用，有利于装配，又保证了硅油、透析液和废液在一定压力下不出现泄漏， 提高了可靠性。
为了增强密封效果， 在上述压环接头与压环之间安装有密封圈。
在上述第一腔室腔壁的上部和下部均开设有引流通孔，各引流通孔的外端 口均装有接头， 上、 下两个接头分别与三通胶管的两个端口连接， 所述三通胶 管的第三个端口与第一三通电磁阀的进口接头相连。在三通胶管和上、 下引流 通孔的配合下， 第一腔室的上、 下部同时进液或排液， 这样液体流动均匀、 平 稳， 能确保单位时间通过腔体的流量精确。
同理， 在上述第二腔室腔壁的上部和下部均开设有引流通孔， 各引流通孔 的外端口均装有接头， 上、 下两个接头分别与三通胶管的两个端口连接， 所述 三通胶管的第三个端口与第二三通电磁阀的进口接头相连。
为了使结构更加紧凑， 并方便拆装， 上述第一、 第二三通电磁阀并排设置， 均通过螺钉固定在支架上。
本发明的有益效果是： 1、 结构简单实用、 组装方便快捷， 并且运行可靠， 能确保单位时间通过 腔体的流量精确， 精确保证了透析液和废液流量的平衡。
2、 本发明可实现超滤泵和浓缩液泵的功能， 这样透析设备可省略超滤泵 和透析液配置使用的浓缩液泵， 简化了整个水路系统， 降低了成本。
3、 硅油腔室内充满的硅油化学性能稳定、 生物学性能好， 用于透析设备 时能有效提高配液精度和超滤精度。
附图说明
图 1为本发明的主视图。
图 2为图 1的左视图。
图 3为图 1的俯视图。
图 4为图 1的 A-A剖视图。
图 5为本发明的使用状态参考图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步说明：
如图 1、 图 2、 图 3和图 4所示， 本发明由支架 1、 腔体 2、 第一膜片 3、 第二膜片 4、 硅油管 8、 活塞泵 9、 第一三通电磁阀 10、 第二三通电磁阀 11、 压环 12、 压环接头 13、 压板 14、 接头 15和三通胶管 16等部件构成。 在支架 1上通过螺钉固定腔体 2、活塞泵 9、第一三通电磁阀 10和第二三通电磁阀 11， 其中， 活塞泵 9设置于支架 1的顶部， 第一三通电磁阀 10和第二三通电磁阀 11居于支架 1的一侧， 腔体 2居于支架 1的另一侧， 并且第一三通电磁阀 10 和第二三通电磁阀 11并排设置。 所述腔体 2由左半体 2a和右半体 2b扣合而 成， 两者之间通过螺钉固定， 组成腔体 2的内腔。 左半体 2a和右半体 2b的顶 部沿轴线方向分别开设有形状大小相适应的凹槽，左半体 2a和右半体 2b扣合 后， 两部分凹槽共同拼合成腔体 2的顶部槽孔， 顶部槽孔底部的台阶面不高于 压环 12的顶部。在腔体 2的内腔中设置有第一膜片 3和第二膜片 4，第一膜片 3和第二膜片 4的边缘之间设有压环 12，该压环 12和第一膜片 3和第二膜片 4 的边缘分别由左半体 2a和右半体 2b扣合压紧。
从图 1、 图 2、 图 4中可知， 第一膜片 3和第二膜片 4将腔体 2的内腔分 隔成第一腔室 5和第二腔室 6， 并且第一膜片 3和第二膜片 4之间形成硅油腔 室 7。在所述第一腔室 5腔壁的上部和下部均开设有引流通孔 2c， 各引流通孔 2c的外端口均装有接头 15， 上、 下两个接头 15分别与一根三通胶管 16的两 个端口连接，第一腔室 5的三通胶管 16的第三个端口与第一三通电磁阀 10的 进口接头相连。 同理， 在第二腔室 6腔壁的上部和下部均开设有引流通孔 2d , 各引流通孔 2d的外端口均装有接头， 上、 下两个接头分别与另一根三通胶管 16的两个端口连接， 第二腔室 6的三通胶管 16的第三个端口与第二三通电磁 阀 11的进口接头相连。
从图 1、 图 3和图 4中进一步可知， 通过压板 14将压环接头 13固定在腔 体 2的顶部槽孔内，压环接头 13的内孔通过压环 12顶部开设的通孔与硅油腔 室 7相通， 在压环接头 13与压环 12之间安装有密封圈 25。 所述压环接头 13 与硅油管 8的一端连接， 硅油管 8的另一端与活塞泵 9的管道接口相连， 活塞 泵 9的内腔通过硅油管 8、 压环接头 13的内孔和压环 12顶部开设的通孔与硅 油腔室 7相通。
本发明的工作过程如下：
如图 1、 图 4所示， 在硅油腔室 7内充满硅油， 当液体通过第一三通电磁 阀 10、 三通胶管 16和上下两个引流通孔 2c向第一腔室 5进液时， 第一膜片 3 和第二膜片 4在液压的推动下向右运动，使第二腔室 6通过第二三通电磁阀 1 1 排液； 同理， 当第二腔室 6通过第二三通电磁阀 1 1、三通胶管和上下两个引流 通孔 2d进液时， 第一膜片 3和第二膜片 4在液压的推动下向左运动， 使第一 腔室 5通过第一电磁阀 10排液。第一膜片 3和第二膜片 4在左右移动过程中， 如果保持硅油腔室 7的大小不变， 即可时刻保证第一腔室 5和第二腔室 6进入 和排出的液体量完全一致。 当第一膜片 3、 第二膜片 4被贴紧腔壁时， 可通过 活塞泵 9对硅油的抽吸来改变硅油腔室 7的大小，进而改变第一腔室 5和第二 腔室 6的大小。
如图 5所示， 本发明在用于透析设备中时， 可采用两个平衡器和四个三通电 磁阀组合使用， 第一平衡器 17中第一三通电磁阀 10的上端通道通过管路与第二 平衡器 18中第二三通电磁阀 11的下端通道连接， 该管路上接有废液管 19， 废液 管 19通过串联电磁阀 V4与废液池连接。 第一平衡器 17中第一三通电磁阀 10的下 端通道通过管路与第二平衡器 18中第二三通电磁阀 11的上端通道连接， 该管路 上接有进液管 20， 进液管 20串联齿轮泵 FQ后与透析器 21的上部接口相连。
对应地， 第一平衡器 17中第二三通电磁阀 1 1的上端通道通过管路与第二平 衡器 18中第一三通电磁阀 10的下端通道连接， 该管路上接有透析液管 22， 透析 液管 22上依次串联有电磁阀 V3和齿轮泵 TQ , 由齿轮泵 TQ的接入反渗水。 并且透 析液管 22上接有 A液管 23和 B液管 24， A液管 23串联电磁阀 VI后与 A液容器连接， B 液管 24串联电磁阀 V2后与 B液容器连接。 所述第一平衡器 17中第二三通电磁阀 1 1 的下端通道和第二平衡器 18中第一三通电磁阀 10的上端通道均通过管路与透析 器 21的下部接口相连。
如图 4、 图 5所示， 透析设备工作的第一过程中： 电磁阀 V3和电磁阀 V4处于 打开状态时， 第一平衡器 17中第二三通电磁阀 11的上端通道和进口连通， 其下 端通道关闭； 第二平衡器 18中第一三通电磁阀 10的上端通道和进口连通， 其上 端通道关闭； 第二平衡器 18中第二三通电磁阀 11的上端通道和进口连通、 其下 端通道关闭， 第一平衡器 17中第一三通电磁阀 10的上端通道和进口连通、 其下 端通道关闭。 透析器 21中的废液在第一齿轮泵 FQ的驱动下， 通过第二平衡器 18 中第二三通电磁阀 11的上端通道进入第二平衡器 18腔体 2左侧的第一腔室 5， 并 同时右侧第二腔室 6通过第二平衡器 18中第一三通电磁阀 10的上端通道向透析 器 21排出透析液， 直到膜片贴紧腔壁。 然后第二平衡器 18中的活塞泵 9从硅油腔 室 7中抽出一定的硅油， 使由透析器 21进入到第二平衡器 18腔体 2中第一腔室 5的 废液量增加， 此增加的量即为抽出的硅油量， 也即为脱水量； 同时， 加热后的 反渗水在第二齿轮泵 TQ的驱动下通过第一平衡器 17中第二三通电磁阀 11的上端 通道进入第一平衡器 17腔体 2右侧的第二腔室 6， 并同时左侧第一腔室 5通过第一 平衡器 17中第一三通电磁阀 10的上端通道排出废液， 直到膜片贴紧腔壁。
然后在第一平衡器 17腔体 2中第二腔室 6内配置透析液的过程中， 电磁阀 V3 关闭、 电磁阀 V4关闭、 电磁阀 VI打开， 此时第一平衡器 17中的活塞泵 9抽出一定 的硅油， 因第一平衡器 17腔体 2中第二腔室 6的第二三通电磁阀 11下端和电磁阀 V3关闭， 故即可抽入与硅油等量的 A液进入第一平衡器 17腔体 2的第二腔室 6内。 接着电磁阀 VI关闭、 电磁阀 V2打开， 第一平衡器 17中的活塞泵 9再通过抽出一定 的硅油而吸入与硅油等量的 B液进入第一平衡器 17腔体 2的第二腔室 6内， 该过程 即实现透析液的配置。 完成以上过程后， 电磁阀 V3和电磁阀 V4打开， 两个第一 平衡器 17和第二平衡器 18的活塞泵 9恢复到原来的位置， 准备进行下一过程。
第二过程与第一过程完全相反， 同样实现透析液的配置和超滤脱水。重复 第一过程和第二过程， 即可实现透析液的配置、 单位时间透析液的流量控制和 从人体超滤脱水。
应当指出， 以上所述具体实施方式可以使本领域的技术人员更全面地理解 本发明创造， 但不以任何方式限制本发明创造。 因此， 尽管本说明书参照附图 和实施例对本发明创造已进行了详细的说明，但是，本领域技术人员应当理解， 仍然可以对本发明创造进行修改或者等同替换， 总之， 一切不脱离本发明创造 的精神和范围的技术方案及其改进，其均应涵盖在本发明创造专利的保护范围 当中。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1、一种血液净化用变容式平衡器， 包括支架、腔体和膜片， 其中腔体（2) 安装于支架 （1) 上， 其特征在于： 在所述腔体 （2) 的内腔中间隔设置有第一 膜片 （3) 和第二膜片 （4)， 第一膜片 （3) 和第二膜片 （4) 将腔体 （2) 的内 腔分隔成第一腔室 （5)、 第二腔室 （6) 和硅油腔室 （7) 三个腔室， 其中硅油 腔室 （7) 位于第一膜片 （3) 和第二膜片 （4) 之间， 该硅油腔室 （7) 与活塞 泵 （9) 相连通； 在所述第一腔室 （5) 的腔壁上开设有引流通孔 （2c)， 该引 流通孔 （2c) 与第一三通电磁阀 （10) 的进口接头相连， 在所述第二腔室 （6) 的腔壁上也开设有引流通孔（2d), 该引流通孔（2d) 与第二三通电磁阀 （11) 的进口接头相连。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的血液净化用变容式平衡器， 其特征在于： 所述 腔体 （2) 由左半体 （2a) 和右半体 （2b) 扣合而成， 所述第一膜片 （3) 和第 二膜片 （4) 的边缘之间设有顶部带通孔的压环 （12)将第一膜片 （3) 和第二 膜片 （4) 间隔开， 该压环 （12) 和第一膜片 （3) 和第二膜片 （4) 的边缘由 左半体 （2a) 和右半体 （2b) 扣合压紧。
3、 根据权利要求 2所述的血液净化用变容式平衡器， 其特征在于： 在所 述压环 （12) 的顶部通过压板 （14) 固定有压环接头 （13)， 活塞泵 （9)、 压 环接头 （13) 的内孔、 压环 （12) 顶部开设的通孔、 硅油腔室 （7) 依次连通。
4、 根据权利要求 2所述的血液净化用变容式平衡器， 其特征在于： 在所 述压环接头 （13) 与压环 （12) 之间安装有密封圈 （25)。
5、 根据权利要求 1或 2或 3或 4所述的血液净化用变容式平衡器， 其特 征在于： 在所述第一腔室 （5)腔壁的上部和下部均开设有引流通孔（2c)， 各 引流通孔 （2c) 的外端口均装有接头 （15)， 上、 下两个接头分别与三通胶管 (16) 的两个端口连接， 所述三通胶管 （16) 的第三个端口与第一三通电磁阀 (10) 的进口接头相连。
6、 根据权利要求 1或 2或 3或 4所述的血液净化用变容式平衡器， 其特 征在于： 在所述第二腔室 （6)腔壁的上部和下部均开设有引流通孔（2d), 各 引流通孔（2d) 的外端口均装有接头， 上、 下两个接头分别与三通胶管的两个 端口连接， 所述三通胶管的第三个端口与第二三通电磁阀 （11) 的进口接头相 连。
7、 根据权利要求 1所述的血液净化用变容式平衡器， 其特征在于： 所述 第一三通电磁阀 （10) 和第二三通电磁阀 （11) 并排设置， 并设置在支架 （1) 一侧， 所述腔体 （2) 设置在支架 （1) 的另一侧。
8、 根据权利要求 1或 7所述的血液净化用变容式平衡器， 其特征在于： 所述活塞泵 （9) 固定在支架 （1) 顶部。
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