WO2010115570A1 - Hülsenelement zur axialen festlegung eines lagers in einem abgasturbolader - Google Patents
Hülsenelement zur axialen festlegung eines lagers in einem abgasturbolader Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2010115570A1 WO2010115570A1 PCT/EP2010/002058 EP2010002058W WO2010115570A1 WO 2010115570 A1 WO2010115570 A1 WO 2010115570A1 EP 2010002058 W EP2010002058 W EP 2010002058W WO 2010115570 A1 WO2010115570 A1 WO 2010115570A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- sleeve
- sleeve member
- exhaust gas
- sleeve element
- gas turbocharger
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 11
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/05—Shafts or bearings, or assemblies thereof, specially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
- F04D29/056—Bearings
- F04D29/0563—Bearings cartridges
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C6/00—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use
- F02C6/04—Gas-turbine plants providing heated or pressurised working fluid for other apparatus, e.g. without mechanical power output
- F02C6/10—Gas-turbine plants providing heated or pressurised working fluid for other apparatus, e.g. without mechanical power output supplying working fluid to a user, e.g. a chemical process, which returns working fluid to a turbine of the plant
- F02C6/12—Turbochargers, i.e. plants for augmenting mechanical power output of internal-combustion piston engines by increase of charge pressure
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C35/00—Rigid support of bearing units; Housings, e.g. caps, covers
- F16C35/02—Rigid support of bearing units; Housings, e.g. caps, covers in the case of sliding-contact bearings
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2240/00—Components
- F05D2240/50—Bearings
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C17/00—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement
- F16C17/02—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement for radial load only
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C17/00—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement
- F16C17/12—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement characterised by features not related to the direction of the load
- F16C17/18—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement characterised by features not related to the direction of the load with floating brasses or brushing, rotatable at a reduced speed
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2360/00—Engines or pumps
- F16C2360/23—Gas turbine engines
- F16C2360/24—Turbochargers
Definitions
- the invention relates to a sleeve member for axial fixing according to the preamble of claim 1 and an exhaust gas turbocharger for an internal combustion engine according to the preamble of claim. 4
- FIG. 1 shows an exhaust gas turbocharger 10 for an internal combustion engine with a turbine housing 12, a bearing housing 14 and a compressor housing 16.
- a turbine housing 12 In the turbine housing 12 is a turbine wheel 18, and in the compressor housing 16, a compressor 20 is received, which are interconnected via a shaft 22 ,
- the shaft 22 is supported by radial bearing bushes 24 and 26 in the bearing housing 14.
- the radial bearing bushings 24 and 26 In the axial direction along a rotation axis 28 of the shaft 22, the radial bearing bushings 24 and 26 are fixed by means of a spacer sleeve 30.
- the radial bearing bushings 24 and 26 and the spacer sleeve 30 can be designed to rotate or rotationally fixed.
- the spacer sleeve 30 is installed coaxially with the shaft 22 between the radial bearing bushes 24 and 26.
- a rotational speed sensor 32 is provided which can detect a rotational speed of the shaft 22.
- the rotational speed sensor 32 for example, detect inductive or capacitive or magnetic or optical or otherwise markings such as flattening on the shaft 22 and thus detect the current speed of the shaft 22 of the exhaust gas turbocharger 10.
- a simultaneous use of the speed sensor 32 and a spacer sleeve 30 'for axial fixing of the radial bearing bushings 24 and 26 is possible if the spacer sleeve 30' is non-rotating, since a speed of a rotationally mounted spacer sleeve does not have to correspond to a speed of the shaft 22 , A detection of the rotational speed of the shaft 22 is also only possible if a sufficiently large, unobstructed accessibility in the bearing housing 14 of the exhaust gas turbocharger 10 'and a sufficiently large opening in the spacer sleeve 30' is provided.
- a sleeve element for axially fixing at least one bearing of a rotatable shaft, in particular a shaft of an exhaust gas turbocharger, which has at least one through-opening in its lateral surface is characterized according to the invention in that the at least one through-opening in the radial direction of the sleeve element has a substantially conical shape at least in regions having. This means that at least one passage opening is formed quasi funnel-shaped, so that the passage opening in the radial direction of the sleeve member is further extended on the outside than inside.
- a simplification of a radial installation of a speed detection device is achieved in an exhaust gas turbocharger, since the conical design of the through hole acts as an insertion aid in an assembly of the speed sensor.
- this assembly is drastically simplified and thus cost-effective, as that deviations from an ideal position of the sleeve member can be corrected by an angular position of the sleeve member automatically rotates by the radial assembly of the speed detection device in the correct position. Similarly, a funnel so the speed detection device is inserted into the through hole. Due to the conical embodiment, the sleeve element rotates automatically in the correct position and aligns with the speed detection device. Additional costly rework is unnecessary, thus saving time and, above all, costs for assembly. This also results in reduced overall costs for an exhaust gas turbocharger with a sleeve element according to the invention.
- the sleeve element according to the invention is also very well used for an axial determination of only one bearing, for example for supporting the bearing against a wall of a corresponding bearing housing.
- the at least one passage opening in the axial direction of the sleeve element has a substantially conical shape at least in some areas, this has the advantage that deviations from the above-described ideal position of the sleeve element can be corrected with an adapted mounting sequence by the angular position of the sleeve element being fixed axially automatically turns the sleeve element into the correct position.
- an adapted mounting sequence is an assembly process to understand in which initially a pre-positioning of the sleeve member, then an installation of the speed detection device and then a complete assembly of the sleeve element happens.
- the at least one passage opening in the axial direction of the sleeve member is formed up to at least one edge of the sleeve member.
- the sleeve element has at least one passage opening which is not closed according to the invention in at least one axial extension direction, as a result of which the speed detection device can be installed before the spacer sleeve is mounted.
- the spacer sleeve is automatically rotated by the conical passage opening by axial displacement relative to the speed detection device in the correct position.
- This embodiment of the invention means a further reduction of the assembly time and thus the assembly costs, whereby the total cost can be reduced by a further degree. Nevertheless, by means of the sleeve member further axial fixation of a bearing feasible for optimal storage of the shaft of the exhaust gas turbocharger, which is helpful in that a shaft of an exhaust gas turbocharger during operation has very high speeds, which require a very good storage to minimize wear and a selection probability.
- the invention provides that the at least a passage opening in the radial direction of the sleeve member at least partially has a substantially conical shape.
- a particularly advantageous embodiment of the exhaust gas turbocharger is characterized in that the at least one passage opening in the axial direction of the sleeve element at least partially has a substantially conical shape.
- the sleeve element has at least one passage opening not closed in at least one axial direction of the sleeve element, as a result of which the rotational speed detection device can be installed before assembly of the sleeve element.
- the sleeve member is easily rotatable through the passage opening by axial displacement by the rotational speed detection means in a correct position for easy detection of a rotational speed of a shaft of the exhaust gas turbocharger according to the invention, whereby an efficient and effective control of the exhaust gas turbocharger is possible for timely adaptation to operating points of the corresponding internal combustion engine , Through this efficient and effective adaptability fuel consumption and thus CO 2 emissions of the internal combustion engine can be significantly reduced.
- This fixation of the sleeve element by means of the speed detection device relates in particular to a rotational fixation.
- a geometry of the passage opening of the sleeve element in a favorable ratio to choose dimensions of the speed detection device a contour or a shape of the passage opening is adapted to a corresponding outer contour or outer shape of the rotational speed detection device, in particular a matrix-like manner.
- the sleeve element between two bearings, in particular radial bearings, the shaft is arranged.
- package problems can be solved, which means great advantages, in particular in a space-critical area such as an engine compartment, in which an exhaust gas turbocharger according to the invention is generally installed.
- Fig. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of an exhaust gas turbocharger for a
- Fig. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of an exhaust gas turbocharger for a
- Fig. 3 is a perspective view, a plan view and a
- FIG. 4 is a perspective view and a plan view of a sleeve member for axially fixing at least one bearing of a rotatable shaft, which has in its lateral surface a passage opening which has a conical shape both in the radial direction of the sleeve member and in the axial direction, and
- Fig. 5 is a perspective view and a plan view of a sleeve member for axially fixing at least one bearing of a rotatable shaft having in its lateral surface a through hole which is conically shaped both in the radial and in the axial direction and which formed up to an edge of the sleeve member is.
- FIGS. 1 and 2 show exhaust gas turbochargers with a sleeve element for the axial fixing of two radial bearing bushes according to the prior art
- FIGS. 3 to 5 show alternative embodiments of such a sleeve element for simplifying a mounting of a rotational speed detection device for an exhaust gas turbocharger.
- Fig. 3 shows a sleeve member 40 which has a hollow cylindrical shape.
- the sleeve member 40 serves for axially fixing at least one bearing of a rotatable shaft, in particular a shaft of an exhaust gas turbocharger. In general, however, it is used to axially fix two bearings of the rotatable shaft, in such a way that the sleeve member 40 with one end face 42 a bearing and another end face 44 supports another bearing and thus axially fixed.
- the sleeve element 40 In its lateral surface 46, the sleeve element 40 has a passage opening 48, which is formed from a plan view substantially in the form of a slot.
- the passage opening 48 serves the purpose that the sleeve member 40 is penetrated by a speed detection means for measuring a rotational speed of the shaft of the exhaust gas turbocharger.
- the passage opening 48 has a conical shape in the radial direction. This means that the passage opening 48 delimiting
- Walls 50 and 52 in the radial direction at an angle - with a transverse axis 54 of the sleeve member 40 include. This is an introduction for the Speed detection device created, whereby the sleeve member 40 automatically rotates during assembly in a correct angular position.
- FIG. 4 shows a sleeve element 40 according to FIG. 3 alternative embodiment of a sleeve member 40 ', wherein the sleeve member 40' in its lateral surface 46 'also has a through hole 48'. Also, the sleeve member 40 'can serve for the axial fixation of bearings of a shaft by the sleeve member 40' at one end with its end face 42 "and the other end with its end face 44 'each supports a bearing.
- the passage opening 48 ' just like the passage opening 48 according to FIG. 3, has a conical course in the radial direction.
- the passage opening 48 ' in regions along a longitudinal axis 56 of the sleeve member 40' in the axial direction on a conical shape. This area is designated by reference numeral 58.
- FIG. 5 shows a further embodiment of a sleeve element 40 "which is alternative to the preceding figures and which is likewise usable for axially fixing two bearings by means of its end faces 42" and 44 ".
- the sleeve element 40 also has a through opening 48" in its lateral surface 46 "which is conical in the radial direction of the sleeve element.”
- the passage opening 48 also has a conical shape in regions , which region is designated by reference numeral 58 '. 5
- the passage opening 48 is formed up to an edge 60 of the sleeve element 40", so that the passage opening 48 "is not closed in an axial direction which the sleeve element 40 "is used for axially fixing the bearings of the shaft are already installed in the exhaust gas turbocharger before the sleeve element 40" is mounted
- Speed detection device automatically rotated to its correct position to allow easy detection of rotational speeds of the shaft of the exhaust gas turbocharger.
- the through-opening 48 "in the region of the edge 60 has rounded regions 62 to 64, as a result of which an axial direction is also achieved Insertion aid for mounting the speed detection device is created for further simplification and thus cost reduction of assembly.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Supercharger (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2012503904A JP5422817B2 (ja) | 2009-04-07 | 2010-03-31 | 軸方向に固定するためのスリーブエレメント及びエグゾーストターボチャージャ |
CN201080015547.9A CN102369357B (zh) | 2009-04-07 | 2010-03-31 | 用于对排气涡轮增压器中的轴承进行轴向固定的套筒元件 |
RU2011144603/06A RU2538430C2 (ru) | 2009-04-07 | 2010-03-31 | Турбокомпрессор, приводимый в действие отработавшими газами |
BRPI1015296A BRPI1015296A2 (pt) | 2009-04-07 | 2010-03-31 | elemento de revestimento para a fixacao axial bem como turbo-compressor de gas de escape |
US13/200,520 US9091276B2 (en) | 2009-04-07 | 2011-09-23 | Sleeve element for axially fixing a bearing and exhaust gas turbocharger |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102009016688A DE102009016688A1 (de) | 2009-04-07 | 2009-04-07 | Hülsenelement zur axialen Festlegung sowie Abgasturbolader |
DE102009016688.2 | 2009-04-07 |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US13/200,520 Continuation-In-Part US9091276B2 (en) | 2009-04-07 | 2011-09-23 | Sleeve element for axially fixing a bearing and exhaust gas turbocharger |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2010115570A1 true WO2010115570A1 (de) | 2010-10-14 |
Family
ID=42307849
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2010/002058 WO2010115570A1 (de) | 2009-04-07 | 2010-03-31 | Hülsenelement zur axialen festlegung eines lagers in einem abgasturbolader |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US9091276B2 (de) |
JP (1) | JP5422817B2 (de) |
CN (1) | CN102369357B (de) |
BR (1) | BRPI1015296A2 (de) |
DE (1) | DE102009016688A1 (de) |
RU (1) | RU2538430C2 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2010115570A1 (de) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2012141846A2 (en) * | 2011-04-11 | 2012-10-18 | Borgwarner Inc. | Bearing housing of an exhaust-gas turbocharger |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
RU2015107165A (ru) * | 2012-08-17 | 2016-09-27 | Боргварнер Инк. | Вкладыш датчика оборотов турбонагнетателя с контролем положения распорной втулки подшипника |
DE102013020945A1 (de) | 2013-12-12 | 2014-08-14 | Daimler Ag | Verfahren zum Montieren eines Abgasturboladers |
CN103901223A (zh) * | 2014-03-04 | 2014-07-02 | 大同北方天力增压技术有限公司 | 一种增压器内置转速测量装置 |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4279576A (en) * | 1979-04-09 | 1981-07-21 | Toyota Jidosha Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Rotating speed detecting device of a turbocharger |
EP0339601A1 (de) * | 1988-04-26 | 1989-11-02 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | Lagerdämpfungsbuchse für einen Turbolader |
EP0887516A2 (de) * | 1997-06-26 | 1998-12-30 | Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries Co., Ltd. | Schublager für einen Turbolader |
EP1550812A1 (de) * | 2004-01-02 | 2005-07-06 | BorgWarner Inc. | Strömungsmaschine |
EP1972759A2 (de) * | 2007-03-22 | 2008-09-24 | Honeywell International Inc. | Halbtreibendes Lager mit abgestuftem Außendurchmesser |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3241528C2 (de) * | 1982-11-10 | 1986-04-10 | Eugen Lutz GmbH u. Co Maschinenfabrik, 7130 Mühlacker | Werkzeugspannfutter für einen Bohrhammer |
IT1185677B (it) * | 1984-09-03 | 1987-11-12 | Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind | Dispositivo di supporto per turbocompressore a gas di scarico |
JPH08319944A (ja) * | 1995-05-26 | 1996-12-03 | Toyota Autom Loom Works Ltd | 圧縮機 |
US6287009B1 (en) * | 1998-03-06 | 2001-09-11 | Nsk Ltd. | Rolling bearing unit with rotation speed detection instrument for use in cars and method for working outer race for use in this bearing unit |
JP4407780B2 (ja) * | 2000-04-11 | 2010-02-03 | 株式会社Ihi | 過給機の軸受構造 |
US6386764B1 (en) * | 2000-09-07 | 2002-05-14 | The Timken Company | Bearing unitized for handling |
US6512365B1 (en) * | 2001-07-10 | 2003-01-28 | The Timken Company | Sensor for monitoring angular velocity |
US6619838B2 (en) * | 2001-08-22 | 2003-09-16 | Scimed Life Systems, Inc. | Two-piece sensor assembly |
SE523194C2 (sv) * | 2001-10-05 | 2004-03-30 | Charles Wenck | System för lösbar sammankoppling av ett första och ett andra rörelement |
JP2006153122A (ja) * | 2004-11-29 | 2006-06-15 | Toyota Motor Corp | 軸受装置、および軸受装置を備えたターボチャージャ |
JP2007127099A (ja) * | 2005-11-07 | 2007-05-24 | Toyota Motor Corp | 電動過給機 |
-
2009
- 2009-04-07 DE DE102009016688A patent/DE102009016688A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2010
- 2010-03-31 CN CN201080015547.9A patent/CN102369357B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-03-31 RU RU2011144603/06A patent/RU2538430C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2010-03-31 WO PCT/EP2010/002058 patent/WO2010115570A1/de active Application Filing
- 2010-03-31 JP JP2012503904A patent/JP5422817B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-03-31 BR BRPI1015296A patent/BRPI1015296A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2011
- 2011-09-23 US US13/200,520 patent/US9091276B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4279576A (en) * | 1979-04-09 | 1981-07-21 | Toyota Jidosha Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Rotating speed detecting device of a turbocharger |
EP0339601A1 (de) * | 1988-04-26 | 1989-11-02 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | Lagerdämpfungsbuchse für einen Turbolader |
EP0887516A2 (de) * | 1997-06-26 | 1998-12-30 | Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries Co., Ltd. | Schublager für einen Turbolader |
EP1550812A1 (de) * | 2004-01-02 | 2005-07-06 | BorgWarner Inc. | Strömungsmaschine |
EP1972759A2 (de) * | 2007-03-22 | 2008-09-24 | Honeywell International Inc. | Halbtreibendes Lager mit abgestuftem Außendurchmesser |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2012141846A2 (en) * | 2011-04-11 | 2012-10-18 | Borgwarner Inc. | Bearing housing of an exhaust-gas turbocharger |
WO2012141846A3 (en) * | 2011-04-11 | 2012-12-06 | Borgwarner Inc. | Bearing housing of an exhaust-gas turbocharger |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
BRPI1015296A2 (pt) | 2016-04-19 |
CN102369357A (zh) | 2012-03-07 |
JP5422817B2 (ja) | 2014-02-19 |
DE102009016688A1 (de) | 2010-10-14 |
US20120060496A1 (en) | 2012-03-15 |
CN102369357B (zh) | 2014-11-05 |
RU2538430C2 (ru) | 2015-01-10 |
JP2012522935A (ja) | 2012-09-27 |
US9091276B2 (en) | 2015-07-28 |
RU2011144603A (ru) | 2013-05-20 |
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