WO2010115382A1

WO2010115382A1 - Combustion engine

Info

Publication number: WO2010115382A1
Application number: PCT/CZ2009/000050
Authority: WO
Inventors: Josef Erychleb
Original assignee: Josef Erychleb
Priority date: 2009-04-07
Filing date: 2009-04-07
Publication date: 2010-10-14

Abstract

The combustion engine, specifically the combustion engine consisting of one piston, at least, the piston rod, the driven shaft and the engine block which contains the split piston (1), at least, consisting of the external piston (2) and the internal piston (3), which are seated in the engine block (4), where the internal piston (3) and the external piston (2) are fixed to the piston rod (5) connected with the driven shaft (6).

Description

Combustion engine

Technical field

The invention covers a combustion engine, specifically a combustion engine consisting of one piston, at least, a piston rod and a driven shaft, seated in an engine block.

State of the art

Many designs of piston combustion engines have been presented up to now.

A two-stroke combustion engine with a differential piston seated in a differential cylinder consisting of a working cylinder and an annular cylinder has been submitted in the patent document CZ PV 1991-1155. Mixture or fuel is sucked in the annular cylinder and compressed air is sucked in a hermetic crank case and compressed. Relative compression is in the working cylinder lower than in the annular cylinder. Connection of the working cylinder with the annular cylinder is in the piston upper dead centre using relief troughs or using an injection pipe. The working cylinder is blown-off in the piston lower dead centre through a blow-off channel through a blow-off deflector.

It is not clear from the description, if this design is working and actually usable.

A combustion engine consisting of cylinders with pistons linked through piston rods with a crank shaft which has two pistons seated in a single cylinder coaxially has been submitted in the patent document CZ 293961. The piston rod of the first piston passes through the other piston and it is surrounded by a pipe-shaped bulge of the first piston moving in the other piston, and combustion space is situated between both pistons and another combustion space is situated above the first piston.

The drawback is structure complicated for production.

A combustion engine consisting of two pistons which move in cylinders and which are linked through piston rods with separate arms to a common crank shaft has been submitted in the patent document CZ PV 2006-776. Because of the required effect, the positions of arms are shifted by some 1/4 of crank shaft turn. A common head is positioned above both cylinders. Inputs and outputs of elements that take part in blowing-off cylinders and combustion fuel mixture are placed in the head. The injection and compression units compensate inadequate compression ratio resulting from this design.

It is clear from the description of this design that the combustion engine will not be highly efficient.

The above overview documents many drawbacks of the state of the art.

The purpose of the invention is to design a combustion engine that will remove as many drawbacks of the state of the art as possible.

Principle of the Invention

The presented drawbacks are to a high degree removed and the purpose of the invention is satisfied by a combustion engine, specifically the combustion engine containing one piston, at least, crankshaft, driven shaft and engine block, according to the invention, the nature of which is that it involves one split piston, at least, consisting of an external piston and an internal piston which are seated in an engine block where the internal piston and the external piston are connected to the piston rod linked to the driven shaft.

The external piston is pipe-shaped and it is seated in the external cylinder formed in the engine block. The internal edge of the external piston is positioned on the external wall of the internal cylinder where the internal piston is positioned. The internal cylinder is a part of the engine head.

It is favourable that the piston rod connected with the driven rod is reciprocating.

The blow down valves serving to transfer gas mixture are placed in the upper part of the external cylinder, and channels going to another blow down valve are linked to them, and the valve is placed in the upper part of the internal cylinder. In the upper part of the external cylinder, there is a pressure switch affecting fluid, and the fluid affects another pressure switch that is connected with an induction coil, and the coil is connected with a spark plug, which is placed in the upper part of the external cylinder. The fluid which transmits the pressure energy for the pressure switch is affected with adjustable pre-expansion pressure in the space above the piston. This results specifically from doubling of both pressures, either the pressure above the external piston containing residue of the received atmospheric air in the exhaust cycle, and the compressed gasified mixture. When the upper dead centre is reached by both pistons, all the gasified mixture blows off through the channels from the centre piston, which fills almost all the discharge space in the engine head. This way the maximum amount of the gasified mixture that can be transferred gets in the space above the external piston. Depending on balanced pressure, the connection channels close using the valves and the built-up pressure moves a small piston of the mechanism that causes switching-on the remote pressure switch and thus interrupting circuit of the induction coil which results in spark in the spark plug and expansion. Both pistons move from the upper dead centre in the lower dead centre having been separated in pressure by closed return valves.

One, at least, exhaust hole, exists in the external wall of the external cylinder.

The external piston contains vent holes which allow interconnection in space and pressure with resulting transport of atmospheric air because of overpressure in the exhaust stage which provides for blowing off exhaust gas with clean air, not with gas mixture as in a two-stroke engine, and this is an unprecedented benefit for the environment.

A stop bar is seated on the piston rod of the internal piston which is supported by the gate in the lower dead centre, and the gate is connected with the blow down valves and they are seated in the channel emptying in the lower part of the internal cylinder.

Intake ports fitted with valves are in the wall of the internal cylinder. Transfer channels, in quantity 2 or 4 or 6 along perimeter enable delayed transport of atmospheric air in the exhaust stroke of the space of the external piston, namely along the pre-set stop bar which opens valves which provide for delayed entry of atmospheric air in the exhaust space after previous opening of the internal edge of the external piston, which provides for perfect blow-out of residue exhaust gas and this delay enables initial post-expansion take-off of exhaust gas through exhaust pipework which, being designed above the transfer one, enables the initial balance- pressure take-off in the exhaust. Then a gasified mixture is transported from a carburettor through sucking channels seated in the inter-cylinder, just at the moment when the internal piston reaches the lower dead centre and its opens these channels with its side edges, and the gasified mixture starts to be sucked in the space above the piston, because the move of the piston from the upper dead centre in the lower dead centre has created vacuum there. It is favoured when the combustion engine contains one pair of split pistons, at least, and their piston rods are connected with a wire which is adjustably fixed to the lower part of both piston rods and it goes over the transfer pulley seated in the engine block between the both split pistons.

The driven shaft is seated on the bearings in the engine block and the bearings are sealed with pressure radial shaft seals. There is also the return valve in the engine block which serves both to suck atmospheric air in the space of the engine block and to close it in the moment when both the pistons move from the lower dead centre in the upper dead centre which terminates the sucking action.

Adjustable stop elements are seated in the lower part of the engine block.

The external piston contains piston rings, both on its external surface, and on the internal surface. The internal piston contains the piston ring on its external surface, and all the piston rings are of spiral shape.

The combustion engine according to the invention enables double compression, and the expansion with exhaust, exhaust and compression runs in the space above the external piston, while vacuum formation with subsequent intake, and compression with transfer runs above the concentric internal piston. Another benefit is possibility to maintain constant temperature both in the space for expansion and in the space for compression.

Important environmental effect provides opportunity for perfect exhaust of depreciated pollutants in the exhaust accessories, compared with currently familiar blow-off with combustible mixture ready for expansion which affects significantly the composition of the blown-off gas.

The combustion engine according to the invention brings higher efficiency and related savings of fuel and cut-down air pollution.

Overview of figures in drawing

The invention shall be detailed with the drawing which represents a sectional view of the whole combustion engine in Figure 1. Example of invention executed

The combustion engine (Fig. 1) contains a pair of the split pistons 1, the piston rod 5, the driven shaft 6 and the engine block 4 .

The split pistons 1 consist of the external piston 2 and the internal piston 3 which are seated in the engine block 4 and the internal piston 3 and the external piston 2 are fixed.

The external piston 2 is pipe-shaped and it is seated in the external cylinder 7 formed in the engine block 4 and its internal edge is seated on the external wall 8 of the internal cylinder 9. The internal piston 3 is seated in the internal cylinder 9 and the internal cylinder 9 is a part of the engine head H .

The piston rods 5 connected with the driven shaft 6 are reciprocating.

The blow down valves 13 are placed in the upper part of the external cylinder 7 and they serve to transfer the gas mixture. Channels 14 are linked to these blow down valves 13 and they go to the blow down valve 1_5 which is placed in the upper part of the internal cylinder 9. The pressure switch 16 affecting the fluid _.17 is placed in the upper part of the external cylinder 7 and it affects another pressure switch 18 which is connected with the induction coil 19 which is linked with the spark plug 20, which is also in the upper part of the external cylinder 7.

One, at least, exhaust hole 22 is formed in the external wall 21 of the external cylinder 7 .

The external piston 2 contains the vent holes 23.

The stop bar 24 is seated on the piston rod 5 of the internal piston 3 which is supported by the gate 25 in the lower dead centre and the gate is connected with the blow down valves 26 which are seated in the channel 27 emptying in the lower part of the internal cylinder 9.

The intake ports 28 fitted with the valves 29 are formed in the wall of the internal cylinder 9 .

The piston rod 5 of the split pistons 1 are connected using the wire 30, which is fixed to the lower part of both the piston rods 5 in adjustable way and it passes over the transfer pulley 3J_. situated between both the split pistons 1, in the engine block 4. The driven shaft 6 is seated on the bearings 32 in the engine block 4 and the bearings 32 are sealed with the pressure radial shaft seals 33.

The return valve 34 is seated in the engine block 4.

The adjustable stop elements 35 are seated in the lower part of the engine block 4.

The external piston 2 contains piston rings IfJ and 12 both on its external surface, and on its internal surface. The internal piston 3 contains the piston ring 36 on its external surface. All the piston rings 10, 12 and 36 are of spiral shape.

The function of the combustion engine is such that the split pistons 1 seated on the piston rods 5 move regularly from the lower dead centre to the upper dead centre. At the moment when expansion occurs above the external piston 2 , vacuum is created above the internal piston 3 , while the blow down valves 13 are closed. Expansion pushes both the external piston 2 and the internal piston 3 in the lower dead centre.

When the lower dead centre is reached, the valves 29 open and subsequently the gas mixture is sucked in the space under pressure.

Before the stop bar 24 enables opening of the interconnected blow down valves 26, the right external edge of the external piston 2 opens the exhaust hole 22 and exhaust gas starts to escape there.

After the lower dead centre is reached, the stop bar 24 opens the blow down valves 26 using the gate 25 and atmospheric air starts to enter the space under exhaust action which cleans the space above the split piston 1 perfectly.

After pressure in all spaces is balanced, all the system starts to move from the lower dead centre in the upper dead centre.

When the mixture above the internal piston 3 and clean atmospheric air above the external piston 2 are being compressed, the gas mixture is transferred through the blow down valves 13 seated in the engine head H which occurs during all the move, and this action is terminated just on reaching the upper dead centre.

The pressure in the space above the external piston 2 pushes the pressure switch piston 16, and because of this action the electric circuit of another pressure switch 18 is interrupted using pressure of fluid λj_ and this creates induction in the coil 19 and it ignites the gas mixture using the spark plug 20 . When the pressure is balanced, all the blow down valves 13,15 and 26 close and expansion occurs and the whole cycle repeats. The transfer of expansion effects from one system containing the split piston 1_. to another system containing the split piston 1 is performed using the surface ground steel wire 30 connected to both the piston rods 5 and seated in the transfer pulley Si -

Industrial use

The combustion engine, according to the invention, can be used to drive any devices, and particularly vehicles.

List of reference marks

1 split piston

2 external piston

3 internal piston

4 engine block

5 piston rod

6 driven shaft

7 external cylinder

8 external wall

9 internal cylinder

10 piston ring

11 engine head

12 piston ring

13 blow down valve

14 channel

15 blow down valve

16 pressure switch

17 fluid

18 pressure switch

19 inductance coil

20 spark plug

21 external wall

22 exhaust hole

23 vent hole

24 stop bar

25 gate

26 blow down valve

27 channel

28 intake port

29 valve

30 wire

31 transfer pulley

32 bearing

33 pressure radial shaft seal

34 return valve

35 stop element

36 piston ring

Claims

Patent claims

1. The combustion engine, specifically combustion engine consisting of one piston, at least, a piston rod, a driven shaft and an engine block, characterised by the fact that it contains one split piston (1), at least, consisting of the external piston (2) and the internal piston (3) which are seated in the engine block (4) and the internal piston (3) and the external piston (2) are fixed to the piston rod (5) connected with the driven shaft (6).

2. The combustion engine, according to claim 1 , characterised by the fact that the external piston (2) is pipe-shaped and it is seated in the external cylinder (7) formed in the engine block (4) and the internal edge of which is seated on the external wall (8) of the internal cylinder (9) where the internal piston (3) is seated and the internal cylinder (9) is a part of the engine head (11).

3. The combustion engine, according to some of the above claims, characterised by the fact that the piston rod (5), connected with the driven shaft (6) is reciprocating.

4. The combustion engine, according to some of the above claims, characterised by the fact that the blow down valves (13) are positioned in the upper part of the external cylinder (7) and they serve to transfer gas mixture, linked to the channels (14) leading to the blow down valve (15) which is positioned in the upper part of the internal cylinder (9), the pressure switch (16) is positioned in the upper part of the external cylinder (7) and it affects the fluid (17) which affects another pressure switch (18) which is connected to the induction coil (19), and the coil is linked with the spark plug (20) which is also positioned in the upper part of the external cylinder (7).

5. The combustion engine, according to some of the above claims, characterised by the fact that one, at least, exhaust hole (22) is formed in the external wall (21) of the external cylinder (7) .

6. The combustion engine, according to some of the above claims, characterised by the fact that the external piston (2) contains the vent holes (23).

7. The combustion engine, according to some of the above claims, characterised by the fact that the stop bar (24) is seated on the piston rod (5) of the internal piston (3) and that the stop bar (24) is supported by the gate (25) in the lower dead centre, connected with the blow down valves (26) that are seated in the channel (27) emptying in the lower part of the internal cylinder (9).

8. The combustion engine, according to some of the above claims, characterised by the fact that the intake ports (28) fitted with the valves (29) have been formed in the wall of the internal cylinder (9) .

9. The combustion engine, according to some of the above claims, characterised by the fact that it contains one pair, at least, of the split pistons (1) and their piston rods (5) are connected using the wire (30) which is fixed to the lower part of both the piston rods (5) in adjustable way and which goes over the transfer pulley (31) seated in the engine block (4) between both the split pistons (1).

10. The combustion engine, according to some of the above claims, characterised by the fact that the driven shaft (6) is seated on the bearings (32) in the engine block (4) and the bearings (32) are sealed with the pressure radial shaft seals (33) and the return valve (34) is seated in the engine block (4). The adjustable stop elements (35) are seated in the lower part of the engine block (4).

11. The combustion engine, according to some of the above claims, characterised by the fact that the external piston (2) contains piston rings (10) and (12) both on its external surface, and on its internal surface. The internal piston (3) contains the piston ring (36) on its external surface. All the piston rings (10), (12) and (36) are of spiral shape.